主开关电路与联络开关电路BUSELECTRICALINST

主开关电路与联络开关电路主讲人ZHENGZHOURAILWAYVOCATIONAL&TECHNICALCOLLEGE客车电气装置/BUSELECTRICALINSTALLATION牛小伟主讲人牛小伟SpeakerNiuxiaowei02发电车的主开关电路二、发电车的主开关电路发电车上，共有三台发电机组可向外供电，其中Ⅱ机组可向两路单独供电，因此发电车上共有四个主开关，即1QF、2QF1、2QF2和3QF。Therearethreegeneratorsetsonthegeneratorcartosupplypowertotheoutside,amongwhichunitIIcansupplypowertotwoseparatecircuits,sotherearefourmainswitchesonthegeneratorcar,namely1QF,2QF1,2QF2and3QF.二、发电车的主开关电路ARH－1为合闸整流装置，它的作用是将发电机所发的交流电经变压整流后提供给主开关1QF合闸用的低压直流电。ARH-1istheclosingrectifierdevice,whichisusedtoprovidethealternatingcurrentgeneratedbythegeneratorcarwithlow-voltageDCpowerforclosingthemainswitch1QFaftertransformingandrectifying.ARO－1为过流预报警整流装置，它为主开关的保护电路提供电源。ARO-1istheovercurrentpre-warningrectifierdevice,whichprovidespowertotheprotectioncircuitofthemainswitch.UVT－1为瞬动型欠电压脱扣保护整流装置，它的型号为ARU－1SB，额定电流为0.1A，在70%～35%的额定电压下，能使断路器可靠断开，在小于35%额定电压时断路器不能闭合，大于或等于额定电压的85%时断路器能可靠闭合。UVT-1isaninstantaneousunder-voltagedecouplingprotectionrectifier,itsmodelnumberisARU-1SB,ratedcurrentis0.1A,anditcanmakethecircuitbreakerbreakreliablyat70%to35%oftheratedvoltage,andthecircuitbreakercannotcloseatlessthan35%oftheratedvoltage,andthecircuitbreakercanclosereliablyatgreaterthanorequalto85%oftheratedvoltage.主开关合闸接通由1HL6与1HL7两个指示灯组成，1HL6为绿灯，当主开关合上闸后，该灯点亮；1HL7为红灯，当I机发电且主开关1QF分闸时，该灯点亮。Itconsistsoftwoindicators,1HL6and1HL7.1HL6isagreenlight,whichislitwhenthemainswitchisclosed;1HL7isaredlight,whichislitwhentheImachinegeneratespowerandthemainswitch1QFisparted.1L1→1FU14→179→51→52→187→1HL6→1N（合闸指示灯1HL6亮绿灯）二、发电车的主开关电路1．指示灯电路Indicatorcircuit由1HL6与1HL7两个指示灯组成，1HL6为绿灯，当主开关合上闸后，该灯点亮；1HL7为红灯，当I机发电且主开关1QF分闸时，该灯点亮。Itconsistsoftwoindicators,1HL6and1HL7.1HL6isagreenlight,whichislitwhenthemainswitchisclosed;1HL7isaredlight,whichislitwhentheImachinegeneratespowerandthemainswitch1QFisparted.1L1→1FU14→179→51→52→187→1HL6→1N（合闸指示灯1HL6亮绿灯）主开关分闸接通二、发电车的主开关电路1．指示灯电路Indicatorcircuit按下1SB8按钮，主开关合闸（当并车电路工作时，若181与189被接通，同样也能实现主开关的合闸）。

Pressthe1SB8buttontoclosethemainswitch.Whentheparallelcircuitisworking,if181and189areturnedon,thesamecanbeachievedbyclosingthemainswitch.主开关内部的合闸原理如图所示，当ARH－1整流装置的1、2接通电源后，按下PB按钮（也就是1SB8），整流装置的4号端子正电通入主开关3号端子，然后电流经过B1和微动开关常闭触点，进入PC线圈并通过主开关的2号端子与ARH－1的3（负极）接通，PC线圈得电，PC的常开触点闭合，CC线圈电路被接通，电磁铁励磁，断路器（主开关）完成合闸。合闸后微动开关断开，PC线圈被电阻R分流，常开触点断开，CC线圈失电，从而防止了二次合闸。

Theclosingprincipleinsidethemainswitchisshowninthefigure.When1and2oftheARH-1rectifierareturnedon,pressthePBbutton(thatis,the1SB8button),thepositivepowerofterminal4oftherectifierpassesintoterminal3ofthemainswitch,thenthecurrentpassesthroughB1andthenormallyclosedcontactofthemicroswitch,entersthePCcoilandpassesthroughterminal2ofthemainswitchandconnectswithterminal3oftheARH-1,PCcoilisenergized,thenormallyopencontactofPCisclosed,theCCcoilcircuitisturnedon,theelectromagnetisexcited,andthecircuitbreaker(mainswitch)isclosed.Afterclosingthemicroswitch,thePCcoilisshuntedbytheresistorR,thenormallyopencontactisclosed,andtheCCcoilisde-energized,thuspreventingsecondaryclosing.

1L1→1FU14→179→（1ARH-1）→180→2→3→1SB8→1KA9→1→181→（1ARH-1）→1N（1QF完成合闸）二、发电车的主开关电路2．合闸电路

Closingcircuit2．合闸电路

Closingcircuit二、发电车的主开关电路3.分闸电路Dividingcircuit当1SB7被按下时，主开关分闸。（同理，当中间继电器1KA5（逆功率线圈）动作时，主开关也会自动分闸）。When1SB7ispressed,themainswitchdivides.Similarly,whentheintermediaterelay1KA5(reversepowercoil)acts,themainswitchwillalsoautomaticallydivide.二、发电车的主开关电路4．保护电路Protectioncircuit当干线电流超过过流预报警值600A时，主开关上17与18号触点间闭合，接通相应报警电路，发出过流预报警。当干线电流达到脱扣值2000A时，主开关自动脱扣，并且21与22触点间闭合，接通相应的报警电路，发出过流脱扣报警。Whenthemaincurrentexceedstheover-currentwarningvalueof600A,thecontacts17and18onthemainswitchclose,connectingthecorrespondingalarmcircuit,andissuinganovercurrentwarning.Whenthemaincurrentreachesthetrippingvalueof2000A,themainswitchautomaticallytrips,andthecontacts21and22areclosed,connectingthecorrespondingalarmcircuitandemittinganover-currenttrippingalarm.03联络开关电路联络开关是发电车Ⅰ路与Ⅱ路干线间的一个自动开关，当需要单机双路供电或两路并车供电时，需合联络开关。

ThecontactswitchisanautomaticswitchbetweentheⅠandⅡtrunklinesofthegeneratorcar.Whenthesinglemachineisrequiredtosupplypowerintwowaysorwhenthepowerissuppliedintwoways,thecontactswitchneedstobeclosed.早期发电车的联络开关为手动式，现均采用DW95－600B型船用万能式空气断路器。该主开关可实现按键合闸与手动合闸，也可实现按键分闸、欠压失压分闸和过流分闸。

Intheearlydays,thecontactswitchofpowergeneratorwasmanual,butnowitadoptsDW95-600Btypemarineuniversalaircircuitbreaker.Themainswitchcanrealizepush-buttonclosingandmanualclosing,aswellaspush-buttonbreaking,under-voltagebreakingandover-currentbreaking.三、联络开关电路三、联络开关电路在联络开关控制电路中，主要由三块电路组成：合闸电路、分闸电路、联络开关线圈供电电路。Inthecontactswitchcontrolcircuit,itconsistsofthreemaincircuits:theclosingcircuit,thedividingcircuit,andthecontactswitchcoilpowersupplycircuit.三、联络开关电路1．合闸电路Closingcircuit4SB2为合闸按钮，按下4SB2将4QF联络开关上9号与10号接线端子间连线接通就可实现合闸。在合闸电路中串入1KA9与3KA9两对常闭触点，可实现并车保护。图中418与422线在自动并车时使用。4SB2fortheclosingbutton,aslongasthe4QFcontactswitchbetweenterminals9and10connectedtoachievetheclosing.Intheclosingcircuitinserieswith1KA9and3KA9twopairsofnormallyclosedcontacts,canachieveparallelprotection.The418and422linesinthefigureareusedintheautomaticparalleloperation.三、联络开关电路2．分闸电路Dividingcircuit4SB1为分闸按钮，按下4SB1将4QF上1号与2号端子间的409与410号线断开，就可实现分闸。

4SB1isthebreakbutton,press4SB1todisconnectthe409and410linesbetweenterminals1and2onthe4QFtoachievethedivide.三、联络开关电路3．联络开关线圈供电电路Contactswitchcoilpowersupplycircuit开关供电电路主要有三个部分组成，它包括联络开关的电源输入电路、联络开关指示灯电路和交流接触器4KM1与4KM2线圈电路。该电路中4KM1与4KM2两个线圈是互锁的。下面以Ⅰ路有电为例，分析该联络开关的电路动作过程：Theswitchpowersupplycircuitconsistsofthreemainparts,whichincludethecontactswitchpowerinputcircuit,thecontactswitchindicatorcircuitandtheACcontactor4KM1and4KM2coilcircuit.Thetwocoilsof4KM1and4KM2inthiscircuitareinterlocked.ThefollowingisanexampletoanalyzethecircuitactionprocessofthecontactswitchwithpowerintheⅠcircuit:当Ⅰ路有电时，4KM1线圈电气通路为：WhenthereispowerincircuitⅠ,theelectricalpathof4KM1coilis:UⅠ→4FU5→431→7KA8（常开闭合）→431A→4FU1→415→4KM1线圈→413→4KM2（常闭）→402→4FU2→433A→7KA8（常开闭合）→433→4FU7→WⅠ。

路有电1接触器4KM1线圈得电，415与408间常开触点闭合，U相电引入联络开关7号接线端子，同时接通4HL2指示灯（红灯）；接触器4KM1的402与401间常开触点闭合，W相电引入到联络开关的6号接线端子；同时405与407间4KM1接触器常闭触点断开，4KM2线圈电路被反锁。Thecontactor4KM1coilisenergized,thenormallyopencontactbetween415and408isclosed,theU-phasepowerisintroducedintothecontactswitchterminalNo.7,andatthesametime,the4HL2indicator(redlight)isturnedon;thenormallyopencontactbetween402and401ofthecontactor4KM1isclosed,andtheW-phasepowerisintroducedintotheterminalNo.6ofthecontactswitch;andatthesametime,thenormallyclosedcontactofthe4KM1contactorbetween405and407isdisconnected,andthecircuitofthe4KM2coilisback-locked.当按下合闸按钮4SB2时，4QF线圈得电，联络开关合闸，同时红灯灭，绿灯亮。Whentheclosingbutton4SB2ispressed,the4QFcoilisenergizedandthecontactswitchcloses,whiletheredlightgoesoutandthegreenlightcomeson.三、联络开关电路当Ⅰ路有电时，4KM1线圈电气通路为：WhenthereispowerincircuitⅠ,theelectricalpathof4KM1coilis:UⅠ→4FU5→431→7KA8（常开闭合normallyopenandclosed）→431A→4FU1→415→4KM1线圈（transformers）→413→4KM2（常闭normallyclosed）→402→4FU2→433A→7KA8（常开闭合normallyopenandclosed）→433→4FU7→WⅠ。三、联络开关电路接触器4KM1线圈得电，4KM1的常开触点闭合，常闭触点断开闭合闭

合断

开反

锁红灯三、联络开关电路当按下合闸按钮4SB2时，4QF线圈得电，联络开关合闸，同时红灯灭，绿灯亮。When4SB2ispressed,the4QFcoilisenergizedandthecontactswitchisclosed,whiletheredlightisoffandthegreenlightison.闭合断开绿灯亮闭合4．1KA9、3KA9线圈的作用1KA9,3KA9coilrole电路中接入了1KA9与3KA9两个中间继电器Thecircuitisconnectedwithtwointermediaterelays,1KA9and3KA9.当Ⅰ路有电时，中间继电器1KA9的线圈得电，主开关1QF与2QF1电路中的1KA9常闭触点分别断开，防止了二次合闸或人为并车，同时联络开关4QF合闸电路中的1KA9常闭触点断开；WhenthereispowerintheⅠcircuit,thecoilofintermediaterelay1KA9isenergized,andthenormallyclosedcontactsof1KA9inthecircuitsofmainswitch1QFand2QF1aredisconnectedrespectively,preventingthesecondaryclosingorartificiallyparallelizing,whilethenormallyclosedcontactof1KA9intheclosingcircuitofcontactswitch4QFisdisconnected;当Ⅱ路有电时，2QF2与3QF主开关电路中的3KA9常闭触点分别断开，同时联络开关4QF合闸电路中的3KA9常闭触点断开。WhenthereispowerintheⅡcircuit,thenormallyclosedcontactsof2QF2and3QFinthemainswitchcircuitaredisconnectedrespectively,whilethenormallyclosedcontactof3KA9intheclosingcircuitofcontactswitch4QFisdisconnected.当两路同时有电时，联络开关电路中1KA9与3KA9常闭触点同时断开，联络开关合闸电路被切断，防止了两路同时供电时人为闭合联络开关而并车。Whenthereispowerinbothcircuitsatthesametime,the1KA9and3KA9normallyclosedcontactsinthecontactswitchcircuitbreakatthesametime,andthecontactswitchclosingcircuitiscutofftopreventtheartificialclosingofthecontactswitchandtheparallelvehiclewhenthetwocircuitsarepoweredatthesametime.三、联络开关电路三、联络开关电路1KA9线圈3KA9线圈1KA9触点3KA9触点三、联络开关电路1KA9触点三、联络开关电路接触器contactor接触器是指工业电中利用线圈流过电流产生磁场，使触头闭合，以达到控制负载的电器。Acontactorisanelectricalapplianceinindustrialelectricitythatusesacoilofwiretoflowcurrenttogenerateamagneticfieldthatclosesthecontactstocontroltheload.接触器分为交流接触器（电压AC）和直流接触器（电压DC），它应用于电力、配电与用电场合。可快速切断交流与直流主回路和可频繁地接通与关断大电流电路，适用于频繁操作和远距离控制，是自动控制系统中的重要元件之一。Contactorsaredividedintoalternatingcurrentcontactors(voltageAC)anddirectcurrentcontactors(voltageDC),whichareusedinelectricpower,powerdistributionandelectricityoccasions.ItcanquicklycutofftheACandDCmaincircuitandcanfrequentlyturnonandoffthehighcurrentcircuit,suitableforfrequentoperationandremotecontrol,isoneoftheimportantcomponentsintheautomaticcontrolsystem.三、联络开关电路接触器结构简图交流接触器的结构StructureofACcontactors三、联络开关电路电磁机构的主要作用是将电磁能量转换成机械能量，将电磁机构中吸引线圈的电流转换成电磁力，带动触头动作，完成通断电路的控制作用。Themainroleoftheelectromagneticmechanismistoconvertelectromagneticenergyintomechanicalenergy,thecurrentintheelectromagneticmechanismoftheattractioncoilisconvertedintoelectromagneticforce,drivingthecontactaction,tocompletethecontrolroleoftheon-offcircuit.（1）电磁机构电磁机构由铁心、衔铁和线圈等几部分组成，其作用原理：当线圈中有工作电流通过时，电磁吸力克服弹簧的反作用力，使得衔铁与铁心闭合，由连接机构带动相应的触头动作。Electromagneticmechanismbythecore,armatureandcoilandotherpartsofthecomposition,theprincipleofitsrole:whenthecoilhasaworkingcurrentthroughtheelectromagneticsuctiontoovercomethereactionforceofthespring,sothatthearmatureandthecoreclosedbytheconnectingmechanismtodrivethecorrespondingcontactaction.三、联络开关电路电磁机构electromagneticmechanism组成：吸引线圈、铁心、衔铁三大部分。Composition:attractioncoil,ironcore,armaturethreemajorparts.

分类：按衔铁的运动方式可分为直动式和拍合式。Classification:Accordingtothemovementofthearmaturecanbedividedintodirect-actingtypeandclaptype.图1-3直动式电磁机构1-衔铁；2-铁心；3-吸引线圈三、联络开关电路触头的作用是接通或分断电路，因此要求触头要具有良好的接触性能，电流容量较小的电器(如接触器、继电器等)常采用银质材料作触头，这是因为银的氧化膜电阻率与纯银相似，可以避免触头表面氧化膜电阻率增加而造成接触不良。Theroleofthecontactistoconnectorbreakthecircuit,sothecontactisrequiredtohavegoodcontactperformance,thecurrentcapacityofthesmallerappliances(suchascontactors,relays,etc.)oftenusesilvermaterialforthecontact,thisisbecausethesilveroxidefilmresistivityissimilartothepuresilver,toavoidthecontactsurfaceoxidefilmresistivityincreasesandcausespoorcontact.（2）触头系统Contactsystem触头的结构形式有Thestructuralformsofthecontactsare桥式触头Bridgecontact指形触头Fingercontact

三、联络开关电路交流接触器的触点分为两类，一类接在主电路中，通过的电流较大，称作主触点；另一类接在控制电路中，通过的电流较小，称为辅助触点。ACcontactorcontactsaredividedintotwocategories,oneconnectedtothemaincircuit,throughthecurrentislarger,calledthemaincontacts;theotherisconnectedtothecontrolcircuit,throughthecurrentissmaller,calledauxiliarycontacts.

主触点断开瞬间，触点间会产生电弧烧坏触点，因此交流接触器的动触点都做成桥式，有两个断点，以降低当触点断开时加在断点上的电压，使电弧容易熄灭。在电流较大的接触器的主触点上还