专升本英语（阅读）模拟试卷88

专升本英语（阅读）模拟试卷88

一、阅读理解（本题共25题，每题7.0分，共25分。）

Psychologyandsociologyarcbothcategorizedassocialsciences,andbothstudyhuman

behavior.However,psychologyisthestudyofindividualbehavior,whereassociologyis

thestudyofgroupbehavior.Psychologydealswiththepossibleproblemsanindividual

mighthaveinsocialinteractionwithotherindividuals,butthemainconcernofsociology

isthewaysthatdifferentsocietieswithdifferentculturesdealwitheachother.Sociology

asksandtriestoanswerquestionslikethese:whydoesonesocietyprogressrapidlyand

anotheroneremainprimiiiveforcenturies?Whatisthemainreasonforrevolutionina

society?Whatistheroleofreligionorartinasociety?Psychologyasksandtriesto

answerquestionslikethese;whydocsanindividualadapteasilytoachanging

environmentandanotherindividualbecomementallydisturbed?Whatarethecausesof

antisocialbehavior?Whatroledoesreligionorarlplayinanindividual'smentaland

emotionallife?Psychologyandsociologyoftenworktogetherintheirstudyofhuman

behavior.Itisassumedthatbybetterunderstandingindividualmotivationandbehavior,

morewillbelearnedaboutgroupmotivationandbehavior.Thereverseisalsoassumed:

ifscientistscanlearnmoreaboutsocialgroups,theywilllearnmoreaboutindividuals.

1、Whatwouldbeanappropriatetitleforthispassage?

A^PsychologyandSociology

B、IndividualandGroup

C、HumanBehaviorStudy

D^MainConcernsofSocialSciences

标准答案：A

知识点解析：文章第段讲了心理学和社会学的定义及区别，第二段重点讲社会

学，第三段重点讲心理学，最后一段讲两者之间的合作互利。故A对。

2、Whichofthefollowingquestionsistheconcernofpsychology?

A、Whatistheroleofreligionorartinasociety?

B、Whatisthemainreasonforrevolutioninasociety?

C、Whatarethecausesofantisocialbehavior?

D、Whydoesonesocietyprogressmorerapidlythananother?

标准答案：C

知识点解析：文章第三段Psychologyasksandtriestoanswerquestionslike

these：...Whatarethecausesofantisocialbehavior?讲的都是心理学所涉猎的内容，

所以选C。A、B、D项所述都是社会学研究的内容。

3、Accordingtotheauthor,.

A、psychologyandsociologybenefitfromeachothersresearch

B>toomuchemphasisonpsychologymaycausesocialproblems

C>thestudyofgroupbehavioristheinterestofpsychologists

D^differentsocietieswithdifferentculturescannotgetalongwell

标准答案：A

知识点解析：由文章的第四段Psychologyandsociologyoftenworktogetherintheir

studyofhumanbehavior…及其后面的内容可知，研究个体对团体的行为研究有利，

而研究团体也对个体的行为研究有利。因此选A。

4、Awordwhichcantaketheplaceof"reverse"inthelastsentenceis.

A、consequence

B、result

C^opposite

D、implication

标准答案：C__

知识点解析：由文章最后一段最后两句Itisassumedthatbybetterunderstanding

individualmotivationandbehavior,morewillbelearnedaboutgroupmotivationand

behavior.Thereverseisalsoassumed：ifscientistscanlearnmoreaboutsocial

groups»theywilllearnmoreaboutindividuals.可知，这两句讲的是相互对立的两个

方面，故reverse前后假设的条件和结果正好相反。故C对。

5、WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

A、Bothpsychologyandsociologystudyhumanbehavior.

BNMentalproblemsshouldbedealtwithbyasociologist.

C、Sociologyisthestudyofgroupbehavior.

D、Psychologypaysmoreattentiontoindividualsthantogroups.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：文章第一段psychologyisthestudyofindividualbehavior,whereas

sociologyisthestudyofgroupbehavior禾HPsychologydealswiththepossibleproblems

anindividualmighthaveinsocialinteractionwithotherindividuals可知A、C、DIE

确,mentalproblem是psychology所研究的对象,故选B。

Thereisnodenyingthatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingabouthowcomputerswork,just

aswcexpectthematleasttounderstandthattheinternal-combustionengine（内燃机）

hassomethingtodowithburningfuel,expandinggasesandpistonsbeingdrive.For

peopleshouldhavesomebasicideaofhowthethingsthattheyusedowhattheydo.

Further,studentsmightbehelpedbyacoursethatconsidersthecomputer'simpacton

society.Butthatisnotwhatismeantbycomputerliteracy.Forcomputerliteracyisnota

formofliteracy（读写能力）;itisatradeskillthatshouldnotbetaughtasaliberalart.

Learninghowtouseacomputerandlearninghowtoprogramonearetwodistinct

activities.Acasemightbemadethatthecompetentcitizensoftomorrowshouldfree

themselvesfromtheirfearofcomputers.Butthisisquitedifferentfromsayingthatall

oughttoknowhowtoprogramone.Leavethattopeoplewhohavechosenprogramning

asacareer,whileprogrammingcanbelotsoffun,andwhileoursocietyneedssome

peoplewhoareexpertsatit,thesameistrueofautorepairandviolin-making.Learning

howtousecomputerisnotthatdifficult,anditgetseasierallthetimeasprograms

becomemore"user-friendlyLetusassumethatinthefutureeveryoneisgoingtohave

toknowhowtouseacomputertobeacompetentcitizen.Whatdoesthephrase"learning

touseacomputer'1mean?Itsoundslike"learningtodriveacar",thatis,itsoundsasif

thereissomesetofdefiniteskillsthat,onceacquired,enableonetouseacomputer.In

fact,"learningtouseacomputer"ismuchmorelike"learningtoplayagame,"but

learningtherulesofonegamemaynothelpyouplayasecondgame,whoserulesmay

notbethesame.Thereisnosuchathingasteachingsomeonehowtouseacomputer.

Onecanonlyteachpeopletousethisorthatprogramandgenerallythatiseasily

accomplished.

6、Tobethecompetentcitizensoftomorrow,peopleshould.

A、trytolayasolidfoundationincomputerscience

B、beawareofhowthethingsthattheyusedowhattheydo

C、learntouseacomputerbyacquiringacertainsetofskills

D、understandthatprogrammingacomputerismoreessentialthanrepairingacar

标准答案：C

知识点解析：根据第二段Learninghowtouseacomputerandlearninghowto

programonearetwodistinctactivities.Acasemightbemadethatthecompetent

citizensoflomoirowshouldfreethemselvesfromLheirfearofcomputers.可矢口C正

确。

7、Inthesecondparagraph"violin-making"ismentionedtoshowthat.

A、programmingacomputerisasinterestingasmakingaviolin

B、oursocietyneedsexpertsindifferentfields

C、violin-makingrequiresasmanyskillsascomputerprogramming

D、peoplewhocanuseacomputerdon'tnecessarilyhavetoknowcomputerprogram

标准答案：D

知识点解析：thesameistrueofautorepairandviolin—making.在这里用autorepair

和violin-making分别指代使用电脑和懂得编程的人。

8、Learningtouseacomputerisgettingeasierallthetimebecause.

A、programsarebecominglesscomplicated

programsaredesignedtobeconvenienttousers

C、programmingisbecomingeasierandeasier

D、programsarebecomingreadilyavailabletocomputerusers

标准答案：B

知识点解析:Learninghowtousecomputerisnotthatdifficult,anditgetseasierall

thetimeasprogramsbecomemore^user-friendIy^.此题的关键是理解“user-friendly”

的意思，“对用户友好的，容易使用的”。故选B。

9、Accordingtotheauthor,thephrase"learningtouseacomputer"(Para.3)means

learning.

B>leavecoldclimatesduringwinter

C>remaininactivethroughperiodsofcoldweather

D^constructinsulatedhives

标准答案：C

知识点解析：从文中第五句Mostinsectshavetheabilitytohibernateinwinter,but

thehoneybeeseemstohavelostthis.可知昆虫有冬天冬眠的能力，但是蜜蜂可能已

经失去了这个能力。推断曾经蜜蜂可能具有这个能力。故选C。

13、Accordingtothepassage,beesdifferfrommosto:hercommunitiesofinsectsin

theirneedto.

A、reproduceinlargenumbers

controlthetemperaturewheretheylive

C、dividetheworkoftheircolonies

D、haveacomplexdefensesystem

标准答案：C

知识点解析：从文中Efficiency,ifnotnecessarily,demandsthattheworkofthe

colonybedivided,andsuchadivisionoflaborlendstoenhancetheneedtomaintain

thecolony可知蜜蜂需根据它们工种的不同来进行工作分工，这也是它们与其他昆

虫的不同之处，故选Cc

14、Accordingtothepassage,thehoneybee'sstingisparticularlyeffectivebecause

it.

A^hasmanypotentialuses

B、cankillseveralvictimsatonce

C、islocatedintherearofthebee'sbody

D^remainswiththebee'svictim

标准答案：D

知识点解析：从文中Thebee'sbarbedstingisusedonlyonceandismademore

effectivebythefactthatitisleftbehindinthevictim.可知D正确。

15、Whichofthefollowingisthemostappropriatetitleforthepassage?

A、TheCommunalLifeofBees

TheStructureoftheBee

C、TheOrganizationofInsectColonies

D、TheLifeoftheSocialInsects

标准答案：A

知识点解析：根据文章最后内容可知，文章阐述的是蜜蜂的群居生活。故A对。

Itisveryinterestingtonotewherethedebateaboutdiversity（多样化）istakingplace.It

istakingplaceprimarilyinpoliticalcircles.HereattheCollegeFund,wehavealotof

contactwithtopcorporate（公司的）leaders:noneofthemistalkingaboutgettingridof

thoseinstrumentsthatproducediversity.Infact,theysaythatiftheircompaniesareto

competeintheglobalvillageandintheglobalmarketplace,diversityisanimperative.

Theyalsosaythattheneedfortalented,skilledAmericansmeanswehavetoexpandthe

poolofpotentialemployees.Andinlookingatwherebirthratearcgrowingandatwhere

thepopulationisshifting,corporateAmericaunderstandsthatexpandingthepoolmeans

promotingpoliciesthathelpprovideskillstomoreminorities,morewomen,andmore

immigrants.Corporateleadersknowthatifthatdoesn'toccurinoursociety,theywillnot

havetheengineers,thescientists,thelawyers,orthebusinessmanagerstheywillneed.

Likewise,Idon'thearpeopleintheacademysaying,"Let'sgobackward.Let'sgobackto

thegoodolddays,whenwehadameritocracy（不拘一格选人才）"，whichwasnever

true——weneverhadameritocracy,althoughwe'vecomeclosertoitinthelast30years.I

recentlyvisitedagreatlittlecollegeinNewYorkwherethecampushasdoubledits

minoritypopulationinthelastsixyears.ItalkedwithanAfricanAmericanwhohasbeen

professorthereforalongtime.Andsheremembersthatwhenshefirstjoinedthe

community,therewerefewerthanahandfulofminoritiesoncampus.Nowallofusfeel

thewayisbetterbecauseofthediversity.Sowherewchearthisdebatesisprimarilyin

politicalcirclesandinthemedia—notincorporateboardroomsoroncollegecampuses.

16、Theword"imperative"（Para.1）mostprobablyreferstosomething.

A^superficial

B>remarkable

C^debatable

D、essential

标准答案：D

知识点解析：根据文中具体语言环境可知该词的意思为“必需的，不可缺少的”，故

选D。

17、Whichofthefollowinggroupsofpeoplestilldifferintheirviewsondiversity?

A^Minorities.

B、Politicians.

C^Professors.

D、Managers.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：根据文中前两句Itisveryinterestingtonotewherethedebateabout

diversity（多样化）istakingplace.Itistakingplaceprimarilyinpoliticalcircles.可知对

多样化的讨论多发生在政界，所以应该是政客谈论的较多。故选B。

18、Highcorporaleleadersseemtobeinfavorofpromotingdiversitysoasto.

lowertherateofunemployment

B、Americanpoliticalcircleswillnotacceptdiversity

C、becompetitiveintheworldmarket

D、satisfythedemandofagrowingpopulation

标准答案：C

知识点解析：根据文中第一段Infact,theysaythatiftheircompaniesaretocompete

intheglobalvillageandintheglobalmarketplace,diversityisanimperative.可知公

司要在市场上更具竞争力就要注意多样化发展，故C正确。

19、Ilcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.

A^meritocracycanneverberealizedwithoutdiversity

Americanpoliticalcircleswillnotacceptdiversity

C、ItisunlikelythatdiversitywilloccurintheU.S.media

D、minoritiescanonlyenterthefieldswherenodebateisheardaboutdiversity

标准答案：A

知识点解析：根据文中第二段…whichwasnevertrue-----weneverhada

meritocracy,althoughwe'vecomeclosertoitinthelast30years.及后面的Nowall

ofusfeelthewayisbetterbecauseofthediversity.可知选A。

20>Accordingtothepassage,diversitycanbeachievedinAmericansociety

by------------.

A^expandingthepoolofpotentialemployees

B>promotingthepoolofpotentialemployees

C、trainingmoreengineers,scientists,lawyersandbusinessmanagers

D、providingeducationforallregardlessofraceorsex

标准答案：D

知识点解析：根据文章意思Americaunderstandsthatexpandingthepoolmeans

promotingpoliciesthathelpprovideskillstomoreminorities*morewomen»andmore

immigrants.因此D为E确选项。

Bacteriaareextremelysmalllivingthings.Whilewemeasureourownsizesininchesor

centimeters,bacterialsizeismeasuredinmicrons.Onemicronisathousandthofa

millimeter;apinheadisaboutamillimeteracross.Rod-shapedbacteriaareusuallytwoto

fourmicronslong,whileroundedonesaregenerallyonemicronindiameter.Thus,ifyou

enlargedaroundedbacteriumathousandtimes,itwouldbejustaboutthesizeofa

pinhead.Anadulthumanmagnifiedbythesameamountwouldbeoveramile（1.6

kilometers）tall.Evenwithanordinarymicroscope,youmustlookcloselytosecbacteria.

Usingamagnificationof100times,onefindsthatbacteriaarebarelyvisibleastinyrods

ordots.Onecannotmakeoutanythingoftheirstructure.Usingspecialstains,onecansee

thatsomebacteriahaveattachedtothemwavy-looking"hairs"calledflagella（鞭毛）.

Othershaveonlyoneflaoellum.Theflagellarotate,pushingthebacteriathroughthe

water.Manybacterialackflagellaandcannotmoveaboutbytheirownpower,while

otherscanglidealongoversurfacesbysomelittle-understoodmechanism.Fromthe

bacterialpointofview,theworldisaverydifferentplacefromwhatitistohumans.Toa

bacterium,waterisasthickasmolassesistous.Bacteriaaresosmallthattheyare

influencedbythemovementsofthechemicalmolecules（分子）aroundthem.Bacteria

underthemicroscope,eventhosewithnoflagella,oftenbounceaboutinthewater.This

isbecausetheycollidewiththewatermoleculesandarepushedthiswayandthat.

Moleculesmovesorapidlythatwithinatenthofasecondthemoleculesarounda

bacteriumhaveallbeenreplacedbynewones.Evenbacteriawithoutflagellaarethus

constantlyexposedtoachangingenvironment.

21Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?

A、Rod-shapedbacteriaaregenerallylargerthanroundedones.

B>Ifweenlargedarod-shapedbacteriumathousandtimes,ilwouldstillbesmallerthan

apinhead.

C^Ifoneusedamicroscopewithamagnificationof100times,hecanseethestructure

ofabacteriumclearly.

D、Watermoleculesmovesoquicklythatabacteriumcannotmoveinthewater.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：根据文中第一段“Rod—shapedbacteriaareusuallytwotofourmicrons

long,whileroundedonesa