专升本英语（阅读）模拟试卷13

专升本英语（阅读）模拟试卷13

一、阅读理解（本题共20题，每题1.0分，共20分。）

IntheUnitedSlateselementaryeducationbeginsa（theageofsix.Atthisstagenearlyall

（heteachersarewomen,mostlymarried.Theatmosphereisusuallyveryfriendly,andthe

teachershavenowacceptedtheideathattheimportantthingistomakethechildren

happyandinterested.Theoldauthoritarian（要绝对服从的）mnihodsofeducationwere

discredited（彳、被jk可）ratheralongtimeago—somuchsothatmanypeoplenowthink

thattheyhavegonetoofarindiedirectionofiryingtomakechildrenhaD【）yand

interestedratherthangivingthemactualinstruction.Thesocialeducationofyoung

childrentriestomakethemaccepttheideathathumanbeingsinasocietyneedtowork

togetherfortheircommongood.Sotheemphasisisoncooperationratherthan

competitionthroughoutmostofthisprocess.Thismayseemcurious,inviewofthefact

（hatAmericansocietyishighlycompetitive;however,theneedformakingpeople

sociableinthissensehascometoberegardedasoneofthefunctionsofeducation.Most

Americansdogrowupwithcompetitiveideas,andobviouslyquiteafewascriminals,

butitisnotfairtosaythat（heeducationalsystemfails.IlDrobablydoessucceedin

makingmoslpeoplesociableandreadylohelponeanolherbothinmalerialwaysand

throughkindnessandfriendliness.

1Accordingtothepassage,theU.S.elementaryeducationissupposedtomake

children.

A、sensibleandsensitive

B、competitiveandinterested

C、curiousandfriendly

D^happyandcooperative

标准答案：D

知识点解析：全文分两段：第一段着重阐述美国初等教育是要给小孩创造一个充满

快乐和兴趣的成长宽围。theimportantthingistomakethechildrenh叩pyand

interested,“重要的是让孩子们快乐和有兴趣”；第二段主要阐述初等教育所包含的

社会化教育，培养孩子们在竞争的过程中有合作的意识。Sotheemphasisis

oncooperationratherthancompetitionthroughoutmostofthisprocess.“所以这一过程

中强调合作而不是竞争。”因此，D项是正确的，其他几项在文章中没有提到，不

符合题意。

2、SomeAmericanscomplainaboutelementaryschoolsbecausetheythink,

A、childrenarereluctanttohelpeachother

B、schoolslaytoomuchemphasisoncooperation

C、childrenshouldgrowupwithcompetitiveideas

D、schoolsgivelittleactualinstructiontochildren

标准答案：D

知识点解析：由文章第一段最后一句话“Theoldauthoritarian（要绝对服从的）methods

ofeducationwerediscredited（不被认可）ratheralongtimeago——somuchsothatmany

peoplenowthinkthattheyhavegonetoofarinthedirectionoftryingtomakechildren

happyandinteresledratherthangivingthemactualinstruction.”可以判断出某些美国

人抱怨初等教育的原因在于忽视了应该给孩子们一些实际的指导。因此，正确答案

是D。前三项都不是抱怨的原因。

3、Theauthor,sattitudetowardsAmericaneducationcanbebestdescribedas

A、favorable

B、negative

C、tolerant

D、unfriendly

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题考查考生对全文基调的把握，即作者的态度问题。通过全文，尤

其是最后一句话可以看出作者对美国的教育是持赞美态度的。

4、TheAmericaneducationalsystememphasizes.

A、materialwealth

B、competition

C、cooperation

D、personalbenefit

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题考查考生对细节的理解。文中第二段第二句提到“Sotheemphasis

isoncooperationratherthancompetitionthroughoutmostofthisprocess”,所以这一过

程中强调合作而不是竞争。依据以上句子可判断，C为正确选项。

5、Theword"sociable"（Paragraph2）mostprobablymeans.

A、fondoftalkingfreely

B、friendlywithotherpeople

C、concernedaboutsocialwelfare

D、happyatschool

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题是词义题，考查考生根据上下文对具体词语的理解。由文章最后

一句话可知选Bo

AdamSmithwasthefirstpersontoseetheimportanceofthedivisionofthelabor.He

gaveusanexampleoftheprocessbywhichpinsweremadeinEngland."Oneman

drawsoutthewire,anotherstrengthensit,athirdcutsit,afourthpointsit,andafifth

givesitahead.Justtomaketheheadrequires（woorthreedifferentoperations.Thework

ofmakingpinsisdividedintoabouteighteendifferentoperations,whichinsome

factoriesareallperformedbydifferentpeople,thoughinothersthesamemanwill

sometimesperformtwoorthreeofthem.Tenmen,Smithsaid,inthisway,turnedout

twelvepoundsofpinsadayorabout4,800pinsaworker.Buiifallof【hemhadworked

separatelyandindependentlywithoutdivisionoflabor,Hieycertainlycouldnothave

madetwentypinsinadayandnotevenone.Therecanbenodoubtthatdivisionoflabor

isanefficientwayoforganizingwork.Fewerpeoplecanmakemorepins.AdamSmith

sawthis,bulhealso[onkitforgrantedthatdivisionoflaborisitselfresponsiblefor

economicgrowthanddeveloDinentanditaccountsforthedifferencebelweenexpanding

economiesandthose[halstandstill.Butdivisionoflaboraddsnothingnew,itonly

enablespeopletoproducemereofwhattheyalreadyhave.

6、Accordingtothepassage,AdamSmithwasthefirstpersonto.

A、takeadvantageofthephysicallabor

B、introducethedivisionoflaborintoEngland

C、understandtheeffectsofthedivisionoflabor

D、explainthebadcausesofthedivisionoflabor

标准答案：C

知识点解析：根据文章的第一段第一句话：AdamSmithwasthefirstpersontoseethe

importanceofthcdivisionofthelabor.可知劳动分工的重要性也就是劳动分工对生

产效率的作用、影响。所以C为正确答案。

7、AdamSmithsawthatthedivisionoflabor.

A、enabledeachworkertodesignpinsmorequickly

B、increasedthepossibleoutputperworker

C、increasedthenumberofpeopleemployedinfactories

D、improvedthequalityofpinsproduced

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题考查考生对文章具体细节的把握及对全文的概括总结能力。答案

对应于文章的第三段，通过数据史密斯说明了劳动分工极大地提高了生产效率，增

加了产量。只有B项符合文意。

8、AdamSmithmentionedthenumber4,800inorderto.

A、showtheadvantagesoftheoldlaborsystem

B、stresshowpowerful(heindividualworkerwas

C、showtheadvantagesofthedivisionoflabor

D、stresstheimportanceofincreasedproduction

标准答案：C

知识点解析：通过上题分析，很容易得出答案。且A、B、D原文都明显没有提

到。所以C为正确答案。

9、Accordingtothewriter,AdamSmith'smistakewasinbelievingthatthedivisionof

labor.

A^wasanefficientwayoforganizingwork

B、wasanimportantdevelopmentinmethodsofproduction

C、finallyledtoeconomicdevelopment

D^increasedtheproductionofexistinggoods

B、issureoftheresulthewillget

C、concentratesonwhattodoaboutthesituation

D、caresmoreabouthimself

标准答案：C

知识点解析:答案在文章的第二段："...wheninanewsituation,anintelligentperson

thinksaboutthesituation,notabouthimselforwhatmighthappentohim.Hetriesto

findoutallhecan,andthenheactsimmediatelyandtriestodosomethingaboutit.“因

此面对新的局面，智商高的人会想着如何去应对。

13、Ifanintelligentpersonfailed,hewould.

A、trynottofeelashamed

B、learnfromhisexperiences

C、trytoregretasmuchaspassible

D、makesurewhatresulthewouldget

标准答案：B

知识点解析：答案在文章的第二段：.ifhecan'tmakethingsworkoutright,

hedoesn'tfeelashamcdthathefailed；hejusttriestolearnfromhismistakes.“因此,

如果一个聪明人失败了，他会从失败中学到东西。

14、Brightchildrenandnot-brightchildren.

A、aretwodifferenttypesofchildren

B、aredifferentmainlyintheirdegreeofcleverness

C、havedifferenceonlyintheirwayofthinking

D、havedifferentknowledgeabouttheworld

标准答案：A

知识点解析：答案在文章的最后一段。“Theyareactuallytwodifferentkindsof

people,notjustthesamekindwithdifferentamountofintelligence.”因此聪明和不聪

明的孩子实际是两种不同类型的人。

15、Theauthorofthispassagewillprobablycontinuetotalkabout.

A、howtodeterminewhatintelligenceis

B、howeducationshouldbefound

C、howtosolvepracticalproblems

D^howanunintelligentpersonshouldbetaught

标准答案：D

知识点解析：文章前两段分别谈到r聪明人的行为表现，并举例说明了他们失败后

会怎样；最后一段谈到聪明和不聪明的孩子实际上是两种不同类型的人，因此可以

断定卜面应该谈如何教育不聪明的孩子了。

Humanneedsseemendless.Whenahungrymangetsameal,hebeginstothinkaboutan

overcoat;whenamanagergeesanewsportscar,abighouseandpleasureboatsdance

intoview.Themanyneedsofmankindmightberegardedasmakingupseverallevels.

Whenthereismoneyenoughtosatisfyonelevelofneeds,anotherlevelappears.The

firstandmostbasiclevelofneedsinvolvesfood.Oncethislevelissatisfied,thesecond

levelofneeds,clothingandsomesortofshelter,appears.BytheendofWorldWarII,

theseneedsweresatisfiedforagreatmajorityofAmericans.Thenathirdlevelappeared.

Itincludedsuchitemsasautomobilesandnewhouses.By1957or1958thisthirdlevelof

needswasfairlywellsatisfied.Then,inthelate1950s,afourthlevelofneedsappeared:

the"life-enriching"level.While【heotherlevelsinvolvephysicalsatisfaction,thatisJhe

feeding.comforLsafely,and【ransDortation,thisleveldressesmenialneedsfor

recognilion.achievement,andhaDDiness.Itincludesavarietyofgoodsandservices,

manyofwhichcouldbecalled"luxury"items.Amongthemarevacationtrips,thebest

medicalanddentalcare,andrecreation.Alsoincludedherearefancygoodsandthelatest

stylesinclothing.Onthefourthlevel,alotofmoneyisspentonservices,whileonthe

firstthreelevelsmoreisspentongoods.Willconsumersraisetheirsightsloafifthlevel

ofneedsastheirincomeincreases,orwilltheycontinuetodemandluxuriesandpersonal

servicesonthefourthlevel?Afifthlevelwouldprobablyinvolveneedsthatcanbe

achievedbestbycommunityaction.Consumersmaybespendingmoreontaxestopay

forgovernmentactionagainstdisease,ignorance,crim,andprejudice.Afterfillingour

stomachs,ourclothesclosets,ourgarages,ourteeth,andourminds,wenowmayseekto

ensurethehealth,safety,andleisuretoenjoymorefullythegoodthingsonthefirstfour

levels.

16、Accordingtothepassage,manwillbegintothinkaboutsuchneedsashousingand

clothingonlywhen.

A^hehassavedupenoughmoney

B、hehasgrowndissatisfiedwithhissimpleshelter

C、hehassatisfiedhishunger

D^hehaslearnedtobuildhouses

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题答案对应于第一、三段。文章的第一段提到一个人有了吃的就会

想到再要件衣服，第三段又说最基本的需求是食物，这个层次的需求得到满足后人

就会考虑服装和住的地方。综合判断，所以选C,即他不再饥饿后就会产生对住处

和衣服的需求。

17>ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatbytheendofWorldWarII,most

Americans.

A、wereveryrich

B、livedinpoverty

C、hadthegoodthingsonthefirstthreelevels

D^didnotownautomohiies

标准答案：D

知识点解析：文章第三段中说第二次世界大战结束时，对于大多数美国人来说，食

品、服装以及住所的需求都满足了，然后第三个层次的需求，包括汽车和新房子便

出现了。这说明第二次世界大战结束时大多数美国人还没有汽车。A项“很富有”，

意思不明。B项“生活在贫困中“，不符合文意。C