专题02 阅读理解之说明文（二） 解析版

专题02阅读理解之说明文（二）

一、（湖南省长沙市一中2021届高三三调）

Flauberthaditthat“onewayoftoleratingexistenceistolosecneselfinliteratureasinanunendingparty'*.It

turnsoutthatreadingdoesn'tonlyhelpustotolerateexistence,butactuallylengthensit.

ArecentstudybyYaleUniversityresearchers,publishedonlineinthejournalSocialScience&

Medicine,concludedthat"bookreadersexperienceda20percentreductionintheriskofdeathoverthe12yearsof

follow-upcomparedtonon-bookreaders.”

ThedatawasobtainedfromthestudysponsoredbytheNationalInstituteonAging.Thestudylookedat

3,635subjects,allolderthan50,whomtheresearchersdividedintothreegroups:thosewhodidn'treadbooks,

thosewhoreadupto3.5hoursaweekandthosewhoreadmorethan3.5hoursaweek.

Thefindingswereremarkable:onaverage,bookreaderssurvivedalmosttwoyearslongerthanthosewho

didn'tcrackopenabook.Themorethesubjectsread,thelongertheylived,butthataslittleas30minutesadaywas

stillbeneficialintermsofsurvival.

Accountingforfactorssuchaseducationlevel,incomeandhealthstatus,thestudyfoundthatthosewhoread

morethan3.5hoursweeklywere23percentlesslikelytodieduringthat12-yearperiod.Thosewhoreadupto3.5

hours-anaverageofahalf-houraday-were17percentlesslikely.

Inotherwords,justlikeahealthydietandexercise,booksappeartopromotea“significantsurvival

advantagc^^,theauthorsconcluded.

Whyorhowthat'sthecaseremainsunclear;theresearchshowedonlyanassociationbetweenbookreading

andlongevity,notacausalrelationship.Butthefindingsarenotsosurprising.Otherrecentresearchshowedthat

readingnovelsappearstoincreasebothbrainconnectivityandsympathy.

9.Fromthetext,whatcanwelearnaboutthestudy?

A.Nosimilarstudyonreadinghasbeencarriedout.

B.Theprocessofthestudylastedmorethantenyears.

C.Itshowsreaderslivetwoyearslongerthannon-readers.

D.Itshowstimespentonreadingincreasesone'sloveforit.

10.Whatdoestheunderlinedwords"that'sthecase"probablymean?

A.Readingbooksenablespeopletolivelonger.

B.Readingissimilartoahealthydietandexercise.

C.Readingbooksiscloselyassociatedwithlongevity.

D.Readingincreasesbrainconnectivityandsympathy.

11.Wherecanwemostprobablyreadthistext?

A./life-and-style/family.

B.ht（ps://wvv\/b/books/coming-soon.

C./ncws/to-your-hcalth.

D.http://www.thcbookbag.co.uk/Book—Recommendations.

【答案】

9.B

10.C

11.c

【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要说明了一项研究发现，阅读不仅帮助我们生存，而月可以延长寿

命。文章介绍了这项研究开展的过程以及研究发现。

9.细节理解题。根据第二段“ArecentstudybyYaleUniversityresearchers,publishedonlineinthejournal

SocialScience&Medicine,concludedthat"bookreadersexperienceda20percentreductionintheriskofdeath

overthe12yearsoffollow-upcompiledtonon-bookreaders.”（耶鲁大学研究人员最近的一项研究，发表在《社

会科学与医学》在线期刊上，得出结论:“在12年的随访中，书籍读者的死亡风险比非书籍读者降低了20%。"）”

可知，这项研究的研究过程持续了十多年。故选B。

10.词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段'Tnotherwords,justlikeahealthydietandexercise,booksappearto

promotea“significantsurvivaladvantage”,theauthorsconcluded.（换句话说,就像健康的饮食和锻炼,书籍似

乎能促进”显著的生存优势”，作者总结道）”以及后文"theresearchshowedonlyanassociationbetweenbook

readingandlongevity,notacausalrelationship（这项研究只显示了读书和长寿之间的联系，而不是因果关系）”

可知，上文讨论了读书有助于长寿，后文提到研究显示了读书和长寿之间的联系，但是读书为何以及是如

何与长寿密切相关的原因还不清楚，即画线部分意思是“读书与长寿密切相关故选C。

11.推理判断题。根据第二段“ArecentstudybyYaleUniversityresearchers,publishedonlineinthejournal

SocialScience&Medicine,concludedthat“bookreadersexperienceda20percentreductionintheriskofdeath

overihe12yearsoffollow-upcomparedtonon-bookreaders.”（耶鲁大学研究人员最近的一项研究，发表在《社

会科学与医学》在线期刊上，得出结论:“在12年的随访中，书籍读者的死亡风险比非书籍读者降低了20%。"）”

结合本文主要说明了一项研究发现，阅读不仅帮助我们生存，而且可以延长寿命。文章介绍了这项研究开

展的过程以及研究发现。可推知，本文是与健康有关的话题，最有可能选自

“hllps:〃/news/lo-your-health.”网站。故选C。

二、(湖南省长沙市一中2021届届三三调)

Whenyouputdownyourpensattheenclofcollegeentranceexam,12hardyearsofstudywillhavecometo

anend.Forgetyourstudiesfbrawhile.Ifstimetoenjoyyourselves!

Therearemanywaystocelebratethisspecialmonthofgraduation.Youcanhavephotostakenwithyour

classmatesandteachers,ordineouttogetherandexchangegifts.

HighschoolstudentsinwesterncountriessuchastheUnitedStatesandCanadausuallyhaveapartytomark

theirgraduation.Itistomarkthetimewhenkidsturnintoyoungmenandwomen.Aftertheparty,teenagerseither

gotocollegeorfindajob.Itmeanstheywillnolongerdependontheirparentsasbefore.

Attheparty,boysusuallydressindinnerjacketsandbowtics,thoughmanydifferenttypesofformalclothes

areworn.Girlstraditionallywearformaldresses,ordresstoshockorbenoticed,inshinyorbrightlycolored

materials.

Commonpartyactivitiesincludedining,dancing,crowningofaballkingandqueen,andjusttalkingtofriends.

Insomecases,highschoolstudentscollectfundsfbrtheirclasspartythroughthefouryearsof(heirhighschool.

Highschoolsinornearlargecitiesmayrentbigroomsatexpensivehotelsor,tobeunusual,onapleasure

boat.Butoftencostsarccutbysimplyusingtheschoolgym.Studentsmakealotofeffortstodecoratethegymto

maketheeventspecial.Themusicplayedatthepartywillbethemostpopularkinds,likerockandhip-hop.

Sometimesteachersandparentsalsogototheparty.Butothersliketogowithfriends,towhomtheyaresoon

goingtosaygood-bye.

Ifyouliketheideaofaparty,whydon'tyouandyourclassmatesorganizeoneforyourgraduation?

12.Thewriter'spurposeinwritingthispassageisto.

A.tellaninterestingexperienceofhighschoolstudents

B.tellhowthewesternstudentsspendthelastdaysofhighschool

C.tellhowwesternhighschoolstudentsusuallycelebrategraduation

D.introduceseveralwaysofthewesternstudents'killingtime

13.Whatdoesthepartymeanlorwesternhighschoolstudentsthatareabouttograduate?

A.Theyhavefinishedhighschoolandwillgo(ocollege.

B.Theseteenagerscanfindajobtosupportthemselves.

C.Theyhavegrownupandneedfriends5help.

D.Theyareadultsandwillnotdependonparents.

14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mark"inparagraph3mean?

A.Remember.B.Celebrate.C.Sign.D.Show.

15.Fromthefourthparagraph,wecaninferthat.

A.thepartyisveryinteresting

B.girlsliketomakethemselvesbeautifulatallhours

C.boyswearasusualtoattendtheparty

D.graduatespaymuchattentiontotheparty

【答案】

12.C

13.D

14.B

15.D

【解析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了西方国家的高中生是如何举行毕业派对庆祝毕业的。

12.推理判断题。文章第三段提到“HighschoolstudentsinwesterncountriessuchastheUnitedStatesand

Canadausuallyhaveapartytomarktheirgradualion.（在美国和加拿大等西方国家的高中生通常会举行个派

对来纪念他们的毕业）“；下文说明毕业派对的着装、庆祝活动、庆祝地点，参加庆祝的人等。由此可知，作

者写这篇文章是讲述西方国家的高中学生通常如何庆祝毕业。故选C。

13.细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“Aftertheparty,teenagerseithergotocollegeorfindajob.Itmeans

theywillnolongerdependontheirparentsasbefore.（派对结束后，青少年要么去上大学，要么去找工作。这意

味着他们将不再像以前那样依赖父母）”可知，对于西方国家即将毕业的高中生来说，毕业派对意味着他们是

成年人，不会依赖父母。故选D。

14.词句猜测题。第二段中提到“Therearemanywaystocelebratethisspecialmonthofgraduation.（有很多

种方式庆祝特殊的毕业月）“，再根据划线词前的“haveaparty”可知，高中生往往举行派对来庆祝他们毕业。

由此可以猜测，mark意思、为“庆祝”。故选B。

15.推理判断题。文章第四段提到“Attheparty,boysusuallydressindinnerjacketsandbow:ies,though

manydifferenttypesofformalclothesarcworn.Girlstraditionallywearformaldresses,ordresstoshockorbe

noliced,inshinyorbrighilycoloredmalerials.（在派对上，男孩通常穿着晚礼服，打着领结，虽然也要穿许多不

同类型的正式服装。传统上，女孩子都穿著正式的服装，或者是穿著颜色亮丽的衣服，以引人注目）''可知，

在毕业派对上，男孩女孩都着装正式。由此推断，毕业生对派对非常重视。故选D。

三、（湖南省长沙一中2021届高三四调）

Howdoesrunningamarathonandburningover1,000caloriesperhourwithoutevengettingoffyoursofa

completelysound?That'sexactlywhatBionicGym,anadvancedwearableneurostimulator（神经刺激器）,claims

tohelpyouachieve.

Let'sbehonest,we'veailseensimilardevicesinsci-fimoviesorteleshoppingadvertisementsbefore,but

they'rereallynotthateffective.However,BionicGynicreatorDrLouisCrowesaysthisproductistruly

revolutionary.

Crowesayshecameupwiththeideaforthisuniquencuro-stiniulatorover16yearsago,whenhewouldget

intothecoldAtlanticoceansohecouldobservetheeffectsofshivering（颤栗）.Hediscoveredthatashegotcolder

hedidn'tshiverfaster,butheshiveredalthesamerale.Healso（bundthatthisnaturalwayofburningcalories

allowedapersontobumalotofcalorieswithoutactuallydoinganyexercise.

Crowedidmoreresearchonhowtouseshiveringasaneffectivetrainingandweight-losstool,anddeveloped

BionicGym.He'steamedupwithDrBarryBrodericktobringittomarket.Todoso,theyneedsonicfundingto

redesignthedevice.Thenithastobeapprovedbyregulators.BionicGymmaybereadyforsalebyNovemberthis

year.ButpeopleseemsoimpressedbytheabilitiesofBionicGynitogivethemaworkoutwhilerestingonasofa

thattheyseemtohavenoproblempartingwith$300forthechancetoonedaytryitout.Crowe'scrowdfunding

campaignhadagoalof$20,000,butwith11daystogo,it'salreadypassedthe$287.000mark.

Inapromotionalvideo,Crowepresentsagraphshowing（hatus，dattoplevels.BionicGymcanburnaround1,

100caloriesperhour,andgetyourheartraleuptoaround180bpm-beatsperminute.Crowewarnsthatusing（he

deviceattoplevelsmakesforaverytoughworkout,requiringprevioustraining.Beginnersorolderpeoplecanuse

itatlowerlevelsandmaketheirwayuptothetougherprograms.

8.WhydoestheauthormentionthequestioninParagraph1?

A.Toexpresshisdoubts.

B.Tointroducethetopicofthetext.

C.Todescribethebenefitsofrunning.

D.Tocomparedifferentcalorie-burningideas.

9.WheredoesCrowe'sinspiraionforBionicGymcomefrom?

A.Asci-fimovie.B.Hisimagination.

C.Ateleshoppingad.D.Hisownexperience.

10.WhatdothefiguresinParagraph4mainlysuggest?

A.It'shardtowinachancetotryusingBionicGym.

B.BionicGymcan'twinregulators'approvaleasily.

C.ThepublicshowgreatenthusiasmforBionicGym.

D.BionicGym'sfuturewillbedeterminedbyitsfunding.

11.WhatcanbeinferredaboutBionicGymfromthelastparagraph?

A.Ilespeciallyappealstooldpeople.

B.Itcanmeettheneedsofdifferentpeople.

C.Itistoughforbeginnerstouse（hedevice.

D.Itcanburnaround1,10（）caloricseveryday.

【答案】

8.B

9.D

10.C

11.B

【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了先进的可穿戴神经刺激器BionicGym,可以帮助消耗热量，

有利健康。

8.推理判断题。根据第一段"That'sexactlywhatBionicGym.anadvancedwearablencuro-stimulator（神经

刺激器）,claimstohelpyouachieve”（那正是先进的可穿戴神经刺激器BionicGym声称可以帮助你实现的），

可知，that指代上文提的问题，因此推断作者在第1段中提出问题是为了引出本文的主题，从第二段起开始

讨论这种设备。故选B。

9.细节理解题。根据第三段的"Crowesayshecameupwiththeideafbrthisuniqueneuro-stimulatorover16

yearsago,whenhewouldgetintothecoldAtlanticoceansohecouldobservetheeffectsofshivering（颤栗）.”（克

劳说，他16年前就想到了这种独特的神经刺激器的想法，当时他进入寒冷的大西洋，以便观察颤抖的效果）

可知，克劳对BionicGym的灵感来自他自己的经验。故选D。

10.推理判断题。根据第四段“BuipeopleseemsoimpressedbytheabilitiesofBionicGymtogivethema

workoutwhilerestingonasofathattheyseemtohavenoproblempartingwith$300forthechancetoonedaytry

itout.Crowe'scrowdfundingcampaignhadagoalof$20,000,butwith11days（ogo,it'salreadypassedthe$287.

000mark."（但是人们似乎对BionicGym在沙发上休息时进行锻炼的能力印象深刻，以至于他们对于只要300

英镑就可以尝试一天亳无困难，克劳的众筹活动的目标是$20,（）00,但在还有11天的时候，它已经达到了

$287000的成绩。）可推断，第4段的数字主要表示公众对BionicGym表现出极大的热情。故选C。

11.推理判断题,根据最后一段"Beginnersorolderpeoplecanuseitatlowerlevelsandmaketheirwayupto

thetougherprograms.”（初学者或年长的人可以在较低的水平上使用它,并逐步提高难度）可推断,BionicGym

可以满足不同人的需求。故选B。

四、（湖南省长沙一中2021届高三四调）

TonyWang,whohasbeenlivinginLondonsincehighschool,says:"Theweatherisalwaysthebesttopicto

startaconversationwithhere,andcomplainingaboutwetshoesandadestroyedhairstylecanbringpeoplecloser.”

“IspendmostofmytimethinkingaboutIwothings:whatloeat,exceptpotato,andwhattoweartohandleanother

cold,windy,rainyday.”

Asearlyas1894.JohnBarbourhadalreadynoticedthetroublethatcamewithchangeableweatherandalso

theneedforwaterproofclothing.So,hestartedbysupplyingoilskinstooutdoorworkers,suchasfishermenand

sailors.Hesoonopenedhisfirststore,namedJ.Barbour&Sons,inSouthShields,aportontheRiverTyneinthe

norheastofEngland.Now,125yearslater,Barbourisafamilybusinessthat'sbeenpasseddownfivegenerations.

Thebrand'smosticonic（标志性的）product,thejacketwitharuggedweatherproofwaxedcottonshell,

corduroycollar,corrosion-proofbrassbuttonsandpocketsforstorageanddrainageeyelets,hasbeenimprovedover

thedecades,butitisstillmanufacturedbyhand.Thebrandhasnowreachedover40countries,includingChina.

AnditgatheredthreeRoyalWarrantsasmanufacturersofwaterproofandprotectiveclothing:1974fromtheDuke

ofEdinburgh;1982fromtheQueenandin1987fromthePrinceofWales.

Thisyear,theBritishbrandBarbourmarksitsi25thanniversary.Andbesidesimprovingtheclassicand

professionaljackets,Barbourhasalsobeenattractingmoreconsumerswiththeartsysense.Forthis,ithasbeen

collaboratingwithotherbrandsandartists,includingEngineeredGanncnts,afashionbrandfromJapan;andAlexa

Chung,aBritishmodelandBBCpresenter,whoownsanamesakefashionbrand.Mostrecently,Barbourmadethe

paintingsofHaydenKays,aLondon-basedartist,wearable.

AttheendofJune,KayswasinvitedtocelebratethelaunchofthecollaborationatGaietiesLafayette

ShoppingMallinShanghai.Kaysbroughttwopaintingsthistime,presentingtheimportanceoflove.Oneisnamed

LookIntoMyLove,acolorfiilcirclelikeabull's-eye.€vThisworkishypnotic,becauseIthinklovecanmakemego

crazy.Loveisgreat,andeveryoneloveslove,^^hesays.

“Barbourisanamazingpartner,andthebrandhasgotsuchastrongBritishidentityandheritage,andatthe

sametime,connectsBritishbrandsandartiststoChineseconsumersthroughcollaboration,excitedtoseepeople

wearingmyartworksthousandsofmilesawayfromhome,^^Kayssays.LyuYi,thegeneralsalesmanagerofChina

OutfittersHoldingsLimitedCompany,who'smanagingthedevelopmentofBarbourinChina,says:"Barbouris

maintainingitsBritishgenesbycombiningitssenseoffashionandart,toaddextraartisticvaluetoclothing.^^

12.What'sthefunctionofParagraph1?

A.Tobringaboutthemaintopicofthetext.

B.Toshowthatweathergreatlyafleetspeople'sdailylife.

C.Toshowthatweatheristhebestchoiceforaconversation.

D.Toexplainwhyconversationsaboutweathercanbringpeoplecloser.

13.Barbour'smosticonicproduct.

A.hasreachedover40countries

B.isajacketwithwaxedcottoncollar

C.israrelymanufacturedbyhandnow

D.possessesmoregoodqualitiestheseyears

14.Theunderlinedword“hypnotic”inParagraph5probablymeans、'

A.unexpectedB.incredibleC.attractiveD.special

15.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.UKBrandBarbourworksawonder

B.UKBrandBarbourTakestheArtRoute

C.TheDevelopmentofUKBrandBarbour

D.People'sLoveforUKBrandBarbour

【答案】

12.A

13.A

14.C

15.C

【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个已经传了五代的家族企业——巴伯。几十年来，这个品

牌一直不断的改进提升，Barbour通过将时尚感和艺术感结合起来，为服装增加额外的艺术价值，保持了英

国基因。

12.推理判断题。根据第一段"Ispendmostofmytimethinkingabouttwothings:whattocat,exceptpotato,

andwhattoweartohandleanothercold,windy,rainyday.（我大部分时间都在想两件事:除了土豆,吃什么;以

及再来一个刮风下雨的寒冷天气穿什么衣服）”可知，第一段主要讲了TonyWang口常最关注的两点，以此来

引出文章讲述对象——巴伯品牌。故选A项。

13.细节理解题。根据第三段“Thebrandhasnowreachedover40countries,includingChina.（该品牌已覆

盖包括中国在内的40多个国家）”可知，巴布尔最具标志性的产品已经到达40多个国家了。故填A项。

14.词句猜测题。根据后文“becauseIthinklovecanmakemegocrazy.Loveisgreat,andeveryoneloves

love（因为我觉得爱情可以让我发疯。爱是伟大的，每个人都喜欢爱）''以及前文对作品的描述“acolorfulcircle

likeabuMs-eye（一个彩色的圆，像靶心）”可猜测，划线词hypnotic指的是“有吸引力的故选C项。

15.主旨大意题。根据第四段“Andbesidesimprovingtheclassicandprofessionaljackets,Barbourhasalso

beenattractingmoreconsumerswiththeartsysense.（除了改进经典和专业的夹克，Barbour还吸引了更多有艺

术感的消费者）”以及最后一段"BarbourismaintainingitsBritishgenesbycombiningitssenseoffashionandart,

toaddextraartisticvaluetoclothing.（Barbour通过将时尚感和艺术感结合起来，为服装增加额外的艺术价值，

保持r英国基因）''及全文内容可知，文章主要就是讲述巴伯品牌的发展。故选c项。

五、（江苏省常州高级中学2021届高三调研）

Manypeoplesaytheywouldn'tcheatonatest,lieonajobapplicationorrefusetohelpaperson:nneed.Bui

whatifyouhavetofacethetestanswersandcheatingdidn'trequireanyworkonyourpart?Ifyoudidn'thaveto

face（hepersonwhoneededyourhelpandrefusethem?Wouldthatchangeyourbehavior?

Newresearchshowsitmight.Intwostudiesthattestedparticipants'willingnesstobehaveimmorally,the

researchteamdiscoveredpeoplewillbehavebadly—ifitdoesn'tinvolvetoomuchworkontheirpart.

Inonestudy,participantstookamathtestonacomputerafterbeingwarnedtherewereproblemsinthesystem.

Onegroupwastoldiftheypressedthespacebar,theanswertothequestionwouldappearonthescreen.The

secondgroupwastoldiftheydidn'tpresstheenterkeywithinfiveseconds,theanswerwouldappear."Peoplein

thesecondgroup-thosewhodidn'thavetophysicallypressabuttontogettheanswers—weremuchmorelikely

tocheat,"saysAssociatePsychologyProfessorMichaelInzlicht,secondauthoronthestudy.

Inanotherstudy,theteamaskedparticipantswhethertheywouldvolunteertohelpastudentwithalearning

disabilitycompleteacomponentofthetest.Onegroupofparticipantshadonlythefreedomtochecka'yes'or'no'

boxonthecomputer.Thesecondgroupofpeoplecouldfollowalinkatthebottomofthepagelovolunteertheir

helporsimplypress'continue*tomoveonlothenextpageof(heirtest.Participantswerefivetimesmorelikelylo

volunteerwhentheyhadtopickeither'yes'or'no.’

"Whenpeoplearefacedwithactivelydoingtherightthingorthewrongthing,therearealotofemotions

involved—suchasguiltandshame—thatguidethemtomakethemoralchoice.Whenthetransgressionismore

passive,however,wesawmorepeopledoingthewrongthing,andwebelievethisisbecausethemoralemotionsin

suchsituationsareprobablylessserious."Tepersays.

"Forcingpeopletomakeanactive,moraldecisionisgoingtobemuchmoreeffectivethanlowingthemto

passivelyskipoverarequest,"hesays.

8.Whatisthenewresearchmainlyabout?

A.Peoplebehavebadlyifnotrequiredtoomuchontheirpart.

B.Mostofthetestedparticipantswouldn'tcheatortelllies.

C.It'stoodifiFiculttobehavebadlyfbrpeople.

D.Peopleareunwillingtobehaveimmorally.

9.Theunderlinedword“immorally”inParagraph2canbereplacedby.

A.positivelyB.badlyC.indifferentlyD.cautiously

1().In(hefirststudy,peopleir.Group2weremuchmorelikelytocheatbecause.

A.Theywereaskedtodoso.B.Itdoesn^involvetoomuchworkontheirpart.

C.Theycangetfunfromit.D.It'stypicalofthemtocheat.

11.Whatshouldwedotoguidepeopletomakemoralchoice?

A.Allowthemtopassivelyskipovertherequest.B.Makethemfeelguiltytoavoidbadbehavior.

C.Forcethemtomakeamoraldecision.D.Trytoinvolveasmanyasemotions.

【答案】

8.D

9.B

10.B

11.C

【解析】这是一篇说明文。研究发现人们不愿意做不道德的事情，文章介绍了这两项研究开展的过程

以及研究发现当人们面对积极做正确或错误的事情时，会有很多情绪，比如内疚和羞愧，引导他们做出道

德选择。

8.细节理解题。根据第二段“Newresearchshowsitmight.Intwostudiesthattestedparticipants*willingness

tobehaveimmorally,theresearchteamdiscoveredpeoplewillbehavebadly—ifitdoesn'tinvolvetoomuchwork

oniheirpart.（新的研究表明这是有可能的。在两项测试参与者做不道德行为的意愿的研究中，研究小组发现

如果人们不需要付出太多努力，他们会表现得很糟糕）”可■知，这项新研究的主要内容是人们不愿意做不道德

的事。故选D。

9.词义猜测题。根据笫一段"Manypeoplesaytheywouldn*tcheatonatest,lieonajobapplicationorrefuse

tohelpapersoninneed.Butwhatifyouhavetofacethetestanswersandcheatingdidn'trequireanyworkonyour

pan?Ifyoudidn'thavetofacethepersonwhoneededyourhelpandrefusethem?Would（hatchangeyour

behavior?（许多人说他们不会在考试中作弊，不会在工作申请中做谎，也不会拒绝帮助有需要的人。但如果

你要面对考试的答案，而作弊并不需要你付出任何努力呢？如果你不用面对那些需要你帮助的人并拒绝他

们呢？这会改变你的行为吗？户以及画线词上文“Newresearchshowsitmight.（新的研究表明这是有可能的）”

和后文“theresearchteamdiscoveredpeoplewillbehavebadlyf知，新的研究表明人们如果进彳j不道德彳j为或

行为不良时，他们可能会表现得很糟糕，即画线词可用B选项“坏地，不良地”替换。A.positively积极地：

B.badly坏地，不良地；C.indifferently冷漠地；D.cautiously慎重地。故选Bo

10.细节理解题。根据第二段中“Intwostudiesthattestedparticipants'willingnesstobehaveimmorally,the

researchteamdiscoveredpeoplewillbehavebadly——ifitdoesn'tinvolvetoomuchworkontheirpart.（在两项测试

参与者做不道德行为的意愿的研究中，研究小组发现人们会表现得很糟糕一前提是他们不需要付出太多

努力）”以及第三段中“Peopleinthesecondgroup—thosewhodidnthavetophysicallypressabuttontogetthe

answers—weremuchmorelikelytocheat（第二组的人那些不需要按按钮就能得到答案的人更有可能

作弊）”可知，在第一项研究中，第二组的人更有可能作弊，因为他们不需要付出太多努力。故选B。

11.细节理解题。根据最后一段“"Forcingpeopletomakeanactive,moraldecisionisgoingtobemuchmore

effective（hanallowingthemtopass.velyskipoverarequest,"hesays.（他说:“强迫人们做出一个积极的、合乎道

德的决定，要比让他们被动地跳过一个要求有效得多。可知，我们应该强迫人们做一个道德的决定来引

导人们做出道德选择。故选C。

六、（江苏省常州高级中学2021届高三调研）

Mostofthewindavailableonlandistoogentletopushcommercialwindturbine（涡轮机），butnow

researchersinChinahavedesignedakindof"tinywindturbine-thatcanusewindenergyfrombreezesaslittleas

thosecreatedbyaquickwalk.Thenewdeviceisnottechnicallyaturbine.Itisananogeneratormadeoftwoplastic

scripsina（ubethatclaptogetherwhen（hereisairflow.Likerubbingaballoontoyourhair,thetwoplasticsbecome

electricallychargedafterbeingseparatedfromcontact,aphenomenoncalledthetriboelectriceffect.Butinsteadof

makingyourhairstanduplikeEinstein's,theelectricitygeneratedbythetwoplasticstripsiscapturedandstored.

"Ourintentionisn'ttoreplaceexistingwindpowergenerationtechnology."Ourgoalistosolvetheissuesthat

thetraditionalwindturbinescan'tsolve?"saysYaYang,aresearcherfromBeijingInstituteofNanoenergyand

Nanosystems."Unlikewindturbinesthatusecoilsandmagnets（磁石）wherethecostsarefixed,wecanpickand

chooselow-costmaterialsforourdevice.Ourdevicecanalsobesafelyappliedtonaturereservesorcitiesbecause

itdoesn'thavetherotating（旋转）structures.

Yangsayshehasasmallvisionandabigvisionlortheproject'snextsteps.Inthepast,Yangandhis

colleagueshavedesignedananogeneratorassmallasacoin,buthev/antstomakeiteventinierandmorecompact

withhigherefficiency.Yangisalsolookingtomakethedevicebiggerandmorepowerful."I'mhopingtoscaleup

thedevicetoproduce1,0（X）watts.Wecanplacethesedeviceswheretraditionalwindturbinescan'treach.Wccan

putitinthemountainsoronthetopofbuildingsforsustainableenergy.

12.Whatdoweknowaboutthenewdeviceinparagraph1?

A.Itiscalledtinywindturbine.

B.Itcanhelpyouwalkquickly.

C.Itconsistsofatubeandtwoplasticstrips.

D.Itisaturbineusedtostoretheelectricity.

13.Whatadvantagedoesthenewdevicehave?

A.Itscostisfixedbecauseofmaterialsusedinit;

B.Ithassolvedtheproblemstheolddevicecan't.

C.Itcreatesacheapandsecurewayofmakingelectricity.

D.Itcantaketheplaceofthepresentwindgenerators.

14.WhatdoesYangmeanbysayinghehasabigvisionfbr（heproject'snextsteps?

A.Heintendstomakethedevicemuchsmaller.

B.Heplanstoapplythedevicetonaturereservesandcities.

C.Hemeansiomake(hedevicemorepowerfulandwidelyused.

D.Hewantstomake(hedevicethebiggestoneinthecountry.

15.Inwhichsectionofawebsitecanyoufindthistext?

A.Science.B.Culture.C.Fashion.D.Business.

【答案】

12.C

13.C

14.C

15.A

【解析】这是一篇科技说明文。本文主要讲述中国的研究人员发明了一个小型风力涡轮机，可以把微

乎其微的风力利用起来。

12.细节理解题。根据第一段中“Thenewdeviceisnottechnicallyaturbine.Itisananogencratormadeof

twoplasticstripsinatubethatclaptogetherwhenthereisairflow.（从技术上讲,新装置不是涡轮。它是一种纳

米发电机，由管中的两个塑料条组成，当有气流时，塑料条会拍打在一起。）“可知，这种新设备是由两

个塑料带和一个管子组成。故选C。

13.细节理解题。根据第二段中'“'Unlikewindturbinesthatusecoilsandmagnets（磁石）wherethecosts

arefixed,wecanpickandchooselow-costmaterialsforourdevice.Ourdevicecanalsobesafelyappliedtonature

reservesorcitiesbecauseitdoesn'thavetherotating（旋转）structures.’'（不像使用固定成本的线圈和磁铁的涡

轮机，我们可以为设备选择低成本的材料设备。我们的设备还可以安全地在自然保护区或城市使用，因为

它没有旋转结构）可知，这种新的装置，可以选择低成本的材料，而且使用时也不需要旋转装置，所以可以

安全地投入使用，即它创造了一个便宜且安全的发电方