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【高考英语】专题01(解析版)必修第三册Unit1FestivalsandCelebrations一轮复习考点通关卷【高考英语】专题01(解析版)必修第三册Unit1FestivalsandCelebrations一轮复习考点通关卷1/23【高考英语】专题01(解析版)必修第三册Unit1FestivalsandCelebrations一轮复习考点通关卷单元考点巩固卷Unit1FestivalsandCelebrations(总分50分;时间30分钟)一、根据汉语提示拼写单词(每题1分,共10分)Theschooloffersagoodlearning(氛围)andfineteachingservice.
IsentmyteacheracardonTeachers’Daytoexpressmy(感激之情)forherpatientguidance。
Theyservethemostdelicious(烤的)beefsothatwe’resuretohaveagoodmeal。
AttheNewYear'sparty,themonitor,dressedin(戏装),waspreparingtoactoutacharacterfromoneofShakespeare’sworks。
ItisanunderwaterperformancecelebratingtheDragonBoatFestival,whichfallsonthefifthdayofthefifth(阴历的)month.
IwouldliketowishyouamChristmasandahappyNewYear.
Hepickedtheeup,stuckastamponit,andthenwenttothepostoffice.
ThereisanicelshowinHarbineveryyearinwinter,whichattractsmanytouristsfromhomeandabroad.
Theyhavetaughtushowtohuntwild(火鸡)andhowtoplantcorn。
Tobe(坦诚的)withyou,Idon'tthinkhecangettheposition。
1.atmosphere2。gratitude3。roast4.costume5.lunar6.merry7.envelope8.lantern9.turkeys10.frank二、单句语法填空(每题1分,共10分)1.Incommon________otherofficers,Ihadtoundertakeguardduties.2。Thissortofthingisusualon________(occasion)likethis.3.Aweddingisa________(joy)celebrationoflove.4.Manyothersurveyshaveproducedresultsessentiallyinagreementwiththese________(figure)。5.Theconditionofthehouseis________(reflect)initslowprice。6。________(harvest)graininthe19thcenturyrequiredplentyofhorsepowerandmanpower.7.Afterthehouseisbuilt,howmuchwillitcost________(decorate)?8。Someofthefood________(crop)failed。However,thecottondidquitewell.9.________media,meanwhile,hasblownhotandcoldontheaffair.10.Wewatchedtheharbourandthenthecoastlinefaded________intothemorningmist。答案:1。with2.occasions3。joyful4.figures5.reflected6。Harvesting7。todecorate8。crops9。The10.away三、短语填空(每题1分,共10分)atmosphere,represent,please,fancy,grace,absolute,moment,brief,respect,horrible1.Shetriestocreatean__________ofcalmandsecurityforherchildrenwheretheycanlivehappily.2.Theoldmanwas__________towatchhissonappearonTV。3.MrKingwaschosen__________thecompanyattheconference.4.Weareimpressedwiththe__________withwhichadancerleapsintotheair.5.Hemadehisreasonsforbuyinganothercar__________clear。6.Iwantedasimpleblackdress,nothing__________.7.Ispentafew__________thinkingwhatIwasgoingtosay。8。Thescientistwhoismakingaspeech__________byeveryonepresent。9.Thefamilymembersscreamed__________whentheysawthesnakescrawlingontheground.10。__________speaking,Englishissousefulthatallofusstudentsshouldlearnitwell。答案:1.atmosphere2。pleased3.torepresent4.grace5.absolutely6。fancy7.moments8.isrespected9。horribly10.Briefly四、语篇语法填空(每题1分,共10分)Asweallknow,festivals__1__(celebrate)allaroundtheworldandtheyhave__2__widerangeoforigins,suchastheseasonsoftheyear,religions,famous__3__(figure),andimportantevents.Ofallthe__4__(tradition)festivals,theharvestfestivalcanbefoundinalmosteveryculture.Peoplecelebrate__5__(show)thattheyaregratefulfortheyear’ssupplyoffood。Customsplayasignificantroleinfestivals,butsometimestheycanchangeovertime.Withthe__6__(develop)ofmodernsocietyandthespreadofnewideas,sometraditionsmayfade__7__andothersmaybeestablished.Festivalsarebecomingmoreandmorecommercial,withbusinesses__8__(take)advantageofthecelebrations。Festivalsreflectpeople’swishes,beliefs,faiths,andattitudestowardslife.Andifyoustudyfestivals__9__(careful),youmaybesurprisedtofindthatdifferentculturesactuallyhavealot__10__commonafterall.________2。________3。________4.________5.________6.________7。________8.________9。_______10。________答案1.arecelebrated2.a3.figures4.traditional5。toshow6.development7。away8.taking9。carefully10。in五、完成句子(每题2分,共10分)1.Theparkwasfullofpeople,(他们在阳光下尽情欢乐).2。Theroomisemptyexceptforabookshelf(立在一角).3.Theman(坐在后面)isMrSmith。4.Thosepeople(希望加入这个俱乐部)shouldsignhere.5。TravellingalongtheoldSilkRoadisan(有趣且值得回报的)experience。
答案:enjoyingthemselvesinthesunshinestandinginonecornersittingatthebackhopingtojointhisclubinterestingandrewarding单元素养检测卷Unit1FestivalsandCelebrations(总分100分;时间90分钟)阅读理解(2023届江苏省徐州市高三5月考前模拟考试英语试卷)ASuzhouishometosomewonderfulclassical-stylegardensinChina.Thefollowingarethegreatestexamples.ZhuozhengYuanIt'sthelargestandthemostfamousgardeninSuzhou,perhapsthefinestofitstypeinChina.Throughoutthecenturies,thecentralpartofthegardenstillcontainsitsoriginalMingDynastyflavor.Sinceitissuchalargegarden,withcaves,forests,islands,bridges,paths,andallsortsofpavilionsandhalls,nosimpledescriptionofthegardenwilldo.LiuYuanThe2。3-hectareLiuYuanwasbuiltin1593.ThegardenhasChinesecoupletsbesidenearlyeverygateanddoor.Thesearetwo-linepoemswritteninclassicalChinese.Theiruseinthegardenismeanttosetthetoneforeachsectionandaddtothereflectivenatureoftheexperiencebydescribingordrawingattentiontodifferentfeaturesofthegardeninapoeticway。ShizilinAtalittlelessthanonehectareinsize,Shizilinwasbuiltin1342.Thegardengetsitsnamebecauseitisfilledwithstrangelyshapedrockswhicharesaidtolooklikelionsposinginvariousshapes.Thegarden’smanypathswindthroughcavesandmorerocksthancanbecounted,makingiteasytogetlost。Apartfrombeingbeautifulandinteresting,thegardenisperhapstheoldestrockgardenofitskind,makingitimportanthistorically.HuanxiuShanzhuangAt0。2hectares,HuanxiuShanzhuangisoneofthesmallestoftheimportantgardensinSuzhou。Centeredinapond,ahugerockery,7。2metersinheight,wascreated,usingnearlyeverytechniqueknownintheartform.Awindingpathgoesthroughandaroundtherockery,allowingforittobeviewedfrommanydirections-eachdirectiongivingadifferentideaofwhattherocksrepresent。1.WhatdoweknowaboutZhuozhengYuan?A。Itisfamousfortheforests。 B.It’sthefinestgardeninChina.C。ItdatesbacktotheMingDynasty。 D.Itisarathersimpleandplaingarden。2.WhyarecoupletsputoninLiuYuan?A.Todisplaynaturalbeauty.ﻩB.Tosummarizeasection'scharacteristic。C.Toaddpleasuretovisitors。ﻩD.ToshowthebeautyofclassicalChinese.3。WhatfeaturedoShizilinandHuanxiuShanzhuangshare?A.Flavor.ﻩB。Pond。 C.Couplets.ﻩD.Rocks.【答案】1.C2。B3.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文.苏州是中国古典园林的发源地,文章对苏州的几个重要园林进行了简要介绍.【1题详解】细节理解题。根据“ZhuozhengYuan"部分的“It’sthelargestandthemostfamousgardeninSuzhou,perhapsthefinestofitstypeinChina。Throughoutthecenturies,thecentralpartofthegardenstillcontainsitsoriginalMingDynastyflavor.(它是苏州最大、最著名的园林,也许是中国同类园林中最好的.几个世纪以来,花园的中心部分仍然保留着其原始的明代风味)"可知,拙政园可以追溯到明代。故选C项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据“LiuYuan”部分的“ThegardenhasChinesecoupletsbesidenearlyeverygateanddoor。Thesearetwo—linepoemswritteninclassicalChinese。Theiruseinthegardenismeanttosetthetoneforeachsection(花园里几乎每扇大门旁边都有中国对联。这些是用文言文写的两行诗。它们在花园中的使用旨在为每个部分定下基调)”可知,留园贴对联的目的是总结每一个部分的特点。故选B项.【3题详解】细节理解题.根据“Shizilin”部分的“Atalittlelessthanonehectareinsize,Shizilinwasbuiltin1342.Thegardengetsitsnamebecauseitisfilledwithstrangelyshapedrocks(狮子林的面积不到一公顷,建于1342年.这个花园之所以得名,是因为它充满了形状奇怪的岩石)”以及“HuanxiuShanzhuang”部分的“At0.2hectares,HuanxiuShanzhuangisoneofthesmallestoftheimportantgardensinSuzhou.Centeredinapond,ahugerockery,7.2metersinheight,wascreated,usingnearlyeverytechniqueknownintheartform(环秀山庄占地0。2公顷,是苏州市最小的重要园林之一。以池塘为中心,使用了几乎所有已知的艺术形式的技术,建造了一座高7。2米的巨大假山)”可知,两个园林特色中都提到了石头。故选D项。B(2023年新高考I卷)Turningsoil,pullingweeds,andharvestingcabbagesoundliketoughworkformiddleandhighschoolkids.Andatfirstitis,saysAbbyJaramillo,whowithanotherteacherstartedUrbanSprouts,aschoolgagramatfourlow-incomeschools.Theprogramaimstohelpstudentsdevelopscienceskills,environmentalawareness,andhealthylifestyles.Jaramillo’sstudentsliveinneighborhoodswherefreshfoodandgreenspacearenoteasytofindandfastfoodrestaurantsoutnumbergrocerystores.“Thekidsliterallycometoschoolwithbagsofsnacksandlargebottlesofsoftdrinks,”shesays。“Theycometousthinkingvegetablesareawful,dirtisawful,insectsareawful。”Thoughsomeareinitiallyscaredoftheinsectsandturnedoffbythedirt,mostareeagertotrysomethingnew.UrbanSprouts’classes,attwomiddleschoolsandtwohighschools,includehands-onexperimentssuchassoiltesting,flower-and-seeddissection,tastingsoffreshordriedproduce,andworkinthegarden.Severaltimesayear,studentscookthevegetablestheygrow,andtheyoccasionallymakesaladsfortheirentireschools.Programevaluationsshowthatkidseatmorevegetablesasaresultoftheclasses.“Wehavestudentswhosaytheywenthomeandtalkedtotheirparentsandnowthey’reeatingdifferently,”Jaramillosays.Sheaddsthattheprogram’sbenefitsgobeyondnutrition。Somestudentsgetsointerestedingardeningthattheybringhomeseedstostarttheirownvegetablegardens.Besides,workinginthegardenseemstohaveacalmingeffectonJaramillo’sspecialeducationstudents,manyofwhomhaveemotionalcontrolissues.“Theygetoutside,”shesays,“andtheyfeelsuccessful。”24.WhatdoweknowaboutAbbyJaramillo?A。Sheusedtobeahealthworker.ﻩB.Shegrewupinalow-incomefamily.C.Sheownsafastfoodrestaurant。ﻩD.SheisaninitiatorofUrbanSprouts.25.WhatwasaproblemfacingJaramilloatthestartoftheprogram?A.Thekids'parentsdistrustedher。 B。Studentshadlittletimeforherclasses。C。Somekidsdislikedgardenwork. D.Therewasnospaceforschoolgardens。26。Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheimpactoftheprogram?A.Far-reaching。ﻩB.Predictable.C.Short-lived.ﻩD。Unidentifiable.27.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A。RescuingSchoolGardensﻩB.ExperiencingCountryLifeC.GrowingVegetableLovers D。ChangingLocalLandscape【答案】24.D25.C26。A27.B【解析】【导语】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了AbbyJaramillo等老师在低收入学校发起的培养学生科学能力,环保意识以及健康生活方式的UrbanSprouts花园项目,让学生通过体验乡村生活,对学生影响深远。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段的“Andatfirstitis,saysAbbyJaramillo,whowithanotherteacherstartedUrbanSprouts,aschoolgardenprogramatfourlow-incomeschools.(起初是这样的,艾比·哈拉米洛说,她和另一位老师在四所低收入学校启动了“UrbanSprouts”学校花园项目.)"可知,艾比·哈拉米洛是UrbanSprouts的发起者。故选D。【25题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段的“shesays.“Theycometousthinkingvegetablesareawful,dirtisawful,insectsareawful.”Thoughsomeareinitiallyscaredoftheinsectsandturnedoffbythedirt,mostareeagertotrysomethingnew。(她说。“他们来找我们,认为蔬菜很可怕,泥土很可怕,昆虫也很可怕。”虽然有些人一开始害怕昆虫,对泥土感到厌烦,但大多数人都渴望尝试新的东西.)”可知,项目之初,一些学生不喜欢园艺工作。故选C.【26题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Sheaddsthattheprogram’sbenefitsgobeyondnutrition.Somestudentsgetsointerestedingardeningthattheybringhomeseedstostarttheirownvegetablegardens.Besides,workinginthegardenseemstohaveacalmingeffectonJaramillo’sspecialeducationstudents,manyofwhomhaveemotionalcontrolissues。“Theygetoutside,”shesays,“andtheyfeelsuccessful。”(她补充说,该计划的好处不仅仅是营养。有些学生对园艺非常感兴趣,他们带回家种子开始自己的菜园。此外,在花园里工作似乎对Jaramillo的特殊教育学生有镇静作用,他们中的许多人都有情绪控制问题。“他们走了出去,"她说,“他们觉得成功。”)”可知,这个项目不仅给学生提供了有营养的食物,而且许多学生回家开创了自己的菜园,对有情绪控制问题的学生也起到了镇静作用,从而推知,该项目的影响是深远的.故选A。【27题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段的“Andatfirstitis,saysAbbyJaramillo,whowithanotherteacherstartedUrbanSprouts,aschoolgardenprogramatfourlow—incomeschools.Theprogramaimstohelpstudentsdevelopscienceskills,environmentalawareness,andhealthylifestyles.(起初是这样的,艾比·哈拉米洛说,她和另一位老师在四所低收入学校启动了“UrbanSprouts”学校花园项目。该项目旨在帮助学生培养科学技能、环保意识和健康的生活方式。)"以及下文内容可知,文章主要讲述了AbbyJaramillo等老师在低收入学校发起的培养学生科学能力,环保意识以及健康生活方式的UrbanSprouts花园项目,让学生体验乡村生活,对学生影响深远.因此推断B项“体验乡村生活”符合文意,最适合作为本文标题。故选B。二、七选五(2023届浙江省诸暨市高三5月诊断性考试英语试题)ThingstoExpectfromYourPeerTutoringSessionPeer(同龄人)tutoringisoneofthemosthelpfultoolstouseduringyourcollegeyearsSometimes,youwillnothavealltheanswersandthatyoumayneedhelp。Thereisprobablynobetterwaytogetsomeacademicassistancethanthatfromyourfellowstudents。____16____ExpectconstructivecriticismThiswillprobablybethemostuncomfortablepartofthesession.Tutorsarebeingharsh(严厉的)withyounotbecausetheywanttobemeanandruinyourexistence.____17____Theonlywayforthentoensurethisistobecompletelyhonestwithyou.ExpectchangeYouwillhavetheappointmentwithachangedperspectiveonyourworkandyourmethodofcompletingit.Everytutorhasadifferentlearningstyleandteachingstylethatisuniquetothembutitisuptoyoutousewhattheyteachyoutoyourbestability。Ifatutorteachesyouhowtosolveamathprobleminawaythatmakessensetoyou,butisalsodifferentfromwhatyouhavelearnedinclass,youwillhavetousethatmethodbecauseitworksforyou.____18____Expectdiscipline(sometimes)____19____Wearehumans,ithappens。Itisnothingtobeashamedof。However,ifatutornoticesthatyouhavebeenslackingoff(懈怠),don’tbesurprisediftheycallyououtonit。Yourtutorwantsyoutouseyourpotentialtodothegreatthingsthattheyknowyouarecapableof.ExpectimprovementLastbutnotleastexpecttoimprove.____20____Onceyoupracticewhatyonhavelearnedinthesession,youwillnoticearapidchangeinyourgradesandyourlearningability.Ifyouaskme,IthinkthatiscompletelyworthyofanA+。A.Yourworkinthefuturewillchange。B.Changeisgoodandisnothingtobeafraidof.C。Sometimes,wealltrytogetbywithalittleless.D。Feelfortunatethatyourpeertutorisrecognizingyourmistakes。E.Theysimplywantyoutobethebestofthebesttoyourbestability.F.Peertutoringcanbedifficult,butitsultimategoalisforyoutoimprove.G。Peertutorsareunderstanding,helpful,andespeciallyhonestenoughtohelpyouout。【答案】16。G17.E18。B19.C20.F【解析】【导语】本文是说明文.介绍了从你的同伴辅导课程中期待的事情.【16题详解】根据前文“PeertutoringisoneofthemosthelpfultoolstouseduringyourcollegeyearsSometimes,youwillnothavealltheanswersandthatyoumayneedhelp.Thereisprobablynobetterwaytogetsomeacademicassistancethanthatfromyourfellowstudents.(同伴辅导是你大学期间最有用的工具之一。有时候,你不知道所有的答案,你可能需要帮助。也许没有比从你的同学那里获得一些学术帮助更好的方法了)"可知,此处是在讲述同伴辅导的好处,所以G项“Peertutorsareunderstanding,helpful,andespeciallyhonestenoughtohelpyouout。(同伴导师是理解的,乐于助人的,尤其是足够诚实地帮助你)"符合文意。故选G项.【17题详解】根据前文“Tutorsarebeingharshwithyounotbecausetheywanttobemeanandruinyourexistence。(导师对你苛刻不是因为他们想要刻薄,毁掉你的生活)"根据文意,接下来空处应是和此句构成转折,讲述导师的目的,所以E项“Theysimplywantyoutobethebestofthebesttoyourbestability.(他们只是想让你成为最优秀的人中的最优秀的人)”符合文意.故选E项。【18题详解】根据本段小标题“Expectchange(期待改变)"可知,本段主题是改变,分析设空,位于段尾,应是本段的总结句,根据前文“Ifatutorteachesyouhowtosolveamathprobleminawaythatmakessensetoyou,butisalsodifferentfromwhatyouhavelearnedinclass,youwillhavetousethatmethodbecauseitworksforyou.(如果一个家庭教师教你如何用一种对你来说有意义的方式解决一个数学问题,但又不同于你在课堂上学到的,你就必须使用这种方法,因为它对你有用)"所以B项“Changeisgoodandisnothingtobeafraidof.(改变是好的,没有什么好害怕的)”符合本段主题,且是对前文的总结。故选B项。【19题详解】根据本段小标题“Expectdiscipline(sometimes)(期待纪律(有时))”可知,本段是讲述让导师监督自己,分析设空,位于本段段首,是本段的中心句,根据后文“Wearehumans,ithappens。Itisnothingtobeashamedof.However,ifatutornoticesthatyouhavebeenslackingoff,don’tbesurprisediftheycallyououtonit.Yourtutorwantsyoutouseyourpotentialtodothegreatthingsthattheyknowyouarecapableof。(我们是人,这是常有的事。这没什么好羞愧的.然而,如果一个导师注意到你一直在偷懒,如果他们把你叫出来,不要感到惊讶。你的导师希望你发挥你的潜能,去做他们知道你有能力做的伟大的事情)”可知,C项“Sometimes,wealltrytogetbywithalittleless.(有时候,我们都会尽量用更少的付出获得回报)”符合本段主题。故选C项。【20题详解】根据本段小标题“Expectimprovement(希望提高)”以及前文“Lastbutnotleastexpecttoimprove.(最后但并非最不重要的一点是期望有所改善)”可知,本段是在讲述,辅导的目的是帮助自己进步,所以F项“Peertutoringcanbedifficult,butitsultimategoalisforyoutoimprove.(同伴辅导可能很难,但它的最终目标是让你提高)”符合本段主题,其中improve为同词复现.故选F项.三、完形填空(重庆市2022-2023学年高三下学期5月月考英语试题)Inthehistoryoflanguage,wordsriseandfall.Wemakeandremakethem;theymakeandremakeus。Thestoryofawordisascomplexasahurricane.Itis_____21_____toknowforsurehowitcatcheson,meetsnewneeds,andacquiresnewmeanings.Itisimpossibleto_____22_____thedeclineofonewordontheriseofanother.ButinthedestiniesoftwopairsofwordsisasuggestionofaturninginAmerican_____23_____.Itisaturningawayfromanideaofthenaturalworthofthings:from“pleasure",withitssenseofa(n)_____24_____conditionofmind,to“fun”,socloselyaffiliatedwithoutwardactivities;from“excellence”,aninnertraitwhoseattainmentisitsownreward,to“achievement”,whichcomesthroughhardworkand_____25_____.“Pleasure”speaksofastateofmindthatcomesorganically,thatneednotbeartificiallyinduced.“Fun”,thoughalmostthesameas“pleasure”forcontemporaryspeakers,often_____26_____artificialinducement(诱导).Youdon’tfeelfun;youdoafunthing.And“fun"hasnohintofelitism,while“pleasure"does。If“pleasure”comesfrombeing,“fun"comesfromdoingand,often,switchingoffthebrain。ThetransitionofAmericanusagefrom“pleasure”to“fun”perhapspartlyaccountsfortheAmerican_____27_____onactivitiesforalloccasions,ratherthantrustingpleasuretodeveloponitsown。In“Eat,Pray,Love”,thebest-sellingmemoirbyElizabethGilbert,sheconcludesthat“Americanshavean_____28_____torelaxintopurepleasure.Oursisanentertainment—seekingnation,butnot_____29_____apleasure-seekingone。”Italians,______30______,havemastered“belfarniente(thejoyofdoingnothing)”.Thenthereisthe______31______from“excellence”to“achievement”.“Excellence”hasahintofvirtue.Anyonecanachieve,ingarbagecollectionorneurosurgery,buthowmanycantrulybe______32______?“Achievement”,like“fun”,isoutwardinnature。Itcomesindoingspecificthings.Itismoreaboutcheckingboxesthan______33______innerpotentials.Theachievementcultureinfluenceseveryaspectoflifetoday.Fromelementary—schooltestingtothecontinualpressuretoover-scheduleasauniversitystudent,educationalcultureemphasizestheaccumulationofachievementsellectualsparkle.WallStreetstumbled(绊跌)inpartbecausesomanychasedachieverbonuseswhileneglectingthe______34______ofexcellenceintheirvocation.AnAmericancultureofimmediatecelebrityteachesyoungpeoplethatfameisa(n)______35______initselfratherthananincidentalsymptomofexcellenceincraft.21。A.necessary B。difficult C.possibleﻩD。crucial22。A.imposeﻩB.criticize C.impress D.blame23。A。literatureﻩB.culture C.historyﻩD。population24.A.peaceful B。uneasyﻩC.internalﻩD.external25.A。recognition B。admission C。identificationﻩD.reflection26.A。covers B。hidesﻩC。involves D.connects27。A。persistenceﻩB。resistanceﻩC。existenceﻩD。insistence28。A.inactionﻩB.inspiration C.inabilityﻩD。instinct29。A.absolutely B.particularlyﻩC。specificallyﻩD。necessarily30.A.forexample B.infact C。inthelongrunﻩD.onthecontrary31。A.exchangeﻩB.transformation C.transition D。transplantation32。A。distinguishedﻩB.outstanding C。excellent D。successful33.A。abandoningﻩB.fulfillingﻩC.enhancing D。awarding34。A。coreﻩB.purchase C.nature D.pursuit35。A.process B.progressﻩC.consequence D.end【答案】21。B22。D23.B24。C25.A26.C27.D28。C29。D30。D31。C32。C33。B34.D35.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文,讲述了美国人对pleasure和fun,excellence和achievement这两组词使用频率的变化,即pleasure和excellence使用频率降低,fun和achievement使用频率增加,指出并分析美国文化所发生的转变。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:我们很难确切知道它是如何流行起来的,是如何满足新需求的,以及是如何获得新意思的.A。necessary必要的;B.difficult困难的;C。possible可能的;D.crucial至关重要的.根据前一句中的“ascomplexasahurricane"可知,知道一个词流行、满足新需求以及拥有新词义的方式是很难的。故选B.【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析.句意:我们不可能将某一词的衰退归咎于另一词的兴起。A。impose推行;B。criticize批判;C。impress给……留下深刻的好印象;D。blame归咎,责怪。故根据上文中的“Inthehistoryoflanguage,wordsriseandfall。(在语言的历史中,词语跌落起伏)”可知,词语有兴有落,这是自然的现象,所以不能将一个词的衰退归咎到其他词的兴起上。选D。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:但两组词的命运却暗示了美国文化的转变。A.literature文学;B。culture文化;C。history历史;D.population人口。根据最后一段中的“Americanculture”可知,此处是culture的原词复现。故选B。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析.句意:这是对注重事物内在价值这一观点的偏离:从表示内心状态的“愉悦”到和外部活动紧密相关的“娱乐”;从其成就本身即为回报的内在品质“卓越”到历经苦干和认可获得的“成就”。A。peaceful和平的;B.uneasy不安的;C。internal内部的,内在的;D。external外部的,外在的。根据后面的“to‘fun’,socloselyaffiliatedwithoutwardactivities”可知,此处pleasure和fun对照,所以空处应和outward对照,表示“内心状态".故选C。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A.recognition认可;B.admission承认;C。identification确认;D。reflection反映.根据空前的“‘achievement’,whesthroughhardwork”可知,此处只历经苦干和认可才获得的“成就"。故选A。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析.句意:“娱乐”虽然对现代人来说几乎和“愉悦”相同,但通常含有人为诱导的因素.A.covers覆盖;B.hides隐藏;C。involves包含;D。connects将……联系起来。根据上文中的“comesorganically”和空后的“artificialinducement(刺激)”可知,这里指“娱乐"含有人为诱导的因素。故选C。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:美国人从“愉悦”到“娱乐”使用的转变,可能在一定程度上解释了美国人在所有场合都坚持行动,而不相信愉悦会自行生成。A.persistence锲而不舍;B。resistance反对;C。existence存在;D.insistence坚持。insistenceon意为“坚持”,为固定搭配。故选D.【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:在ElizabethGilbert最畅销的回忆录《美食,祈祷,爱》中,她总结道,“美国人无法放松到纯愉悦中.我们是一个寻求娱乐的国家,但不一定是一个寻求愉悦的国家.”A。inaction无行动;B。inspiration启发;C.inability无能,不能;D.instinct本能。根据上文中的“ratherthantrustingpleasuretodeveloponitsown"可知,美国人不相信愉悦会自行生成,所以他们不能放松到纯愉悦的状态.故选C。【29题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意:我们是一个寻求娱乐的国家,但不一定是一个寻求愉悦的国家。A。absolutely绝对地;B。particularly特别;C.specifically具体地;D.necessarily必然地。notnecessarily意为“不一定”,为固定搭配.故选D。【30题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意:而意大利人则掌握了“无所事事”之美。A.forexample例如;B.infact事实上;C。inthelongrun从长远来看;D.onthecontrary恰恰相反.根据上一句“Oursisanentertainment-seekingnation,butnot_____9_____apleasure-seekingone.(我们是一个寻求娱乐的国家,但不一定是一个寻求愉悦的国家)”和下文中的“havemastered‘belfarniente(thejoyofdoingnothing)’”可知,美国人和意大利人的情况是相反的。故选D.【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:还有从“卓越”到“成就”的转变。A.exchange交换;B.transformation(彻底的)变化;C.transition转变,过渡;D。transplantation移植。根据上文中的“ThetransitionofAmericanusagefrom‘pleasure'to‘fun’”可知,上文讲述了pleasure到fun的转变,此处为transition的原词复现,讲述了另一组词的转变。故选C。【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析.句意:无论是捡垃圾者还是神经外科医生,任何人都可以取得成就,但真正卓越者有几人?A.distinguished杰出的;B。outstanding出色的;C.excellent卓越的;D.successful成功的。根据上文中的“from‘excellence’to‘achievement’”和本句中的“achieve"可知,此处是问有多少人能真正做到卓越。故选C。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:它与其说是发挥内在潜能,不如说是勾选(任务完成与否的)复选框.A。abandoning抛弃;B.fulfilling实现;C.enhancing促进;D.awarding奖励.根据前面的“checkingboxes"可知,此处是说发挥内在潜能。fulfilpotential意为“发挥潜能”。故选B。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:华尔街出现不顺利的部分原因是许多人追求成就者奖金,而忽视了在职业中追求卓越。A。core核心;B.purchase购买;C.nature自然;D。pursuit追求.根据前面的“chasedachieverbonuses”可知,此处与之对应,说的是追求卓越.故选D。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:追逐即时声名的美国文化教给年经人的是:名望本身是追求的终极目标,而非卓越技能的偶然现象.A。process过程;B。progress进步;C.consequence后果;D.end目的.根据后面的“anincidentalsymptom”可知,这里与之相反,是说不是偶尔现象,而是终极目标.故选D.四、语法填空(2023届福建省福州市普通高中毕业班5月质量检测英语试卷)Chinaunveiled(公布)alistofthecountry'stop10scientificachievementsfor2022。Itfeaturedbreakthroughsinbasicresearch____36____(range)fromspacesciencetoagriculture.Chinacompletedthein-orbitconstruction____37____itsspacestation,withtwomannedspaceshipsandtwo20-tonne-levellabmodules____38____(send)intoorbit.TheFive-hundred-meterApertureSphericalRadioTelescope(FAST),alsoknownasthe“ChinaSkyEye”,achievedanumberof____39____(discovery),includinganewrepeatingfastradioburstitdetected。InOctober,China____40____(launch)asolarexplorationsatellitecalledKuafu-1intospacetosettlethemysteriesofthesun,producing____41____(it)firstsolarimageinNovember。Inthefieldofagriculture,Chineseresearchersidentifiedyield—relatedgenesincornandrice,____42____allowsfortheirgrainoutputtobeincreasedbyabout10percentand8percent,respectively.Thisyear’slistofthecountry’stop10scientificadvancesisthe____43____(twenty-nine)annualeventofitskind.ThegoalofthelististoshowcaseChina’s____44____(late)achievementsofbasicresearchinsomefundamentalfields_____45_____encourageChinesescientistsandengineerstoworkhardforachievingqualityself—relianceinscienceandtechnology.【答案】36。ranging37.of38.sent39.discoveries40.launched41.its42.which43.twenty-ninth44。latest45。and【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文.文章主要介绍了中国公布了2022年中国十大科学成就名单。【36题详解】考查非谓语动词.句意:它在从空间科学到农业的基础研究方面取得了突破.句中已有谓语动词,所以用非谓语动词.名词research与range之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作后置定语.故填ranging。【37题详解】考查介词。句意:中国完成了空间站在轨建设,两艘载人飞船和两个20吨级实验舱送入轨道。名词construction和itsspacestation之间为所属关系,所以用介词of。故填of.【38题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:中国完成了空间站在轨建设,两艘载人飞船和两个20吨级实验舱送入轨道.这里为with的复合结构。介词with后宾语labmodules与send之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词作宾语补足语.故填sent。【39题详解】考查名词的数.句意:500米口径球面射电望远镜(FAST),也被称为“中国天眼”,取得了许多发现,包括它探测到的一个新的重复快速射电暴.anumberof许多,后接可数名词的复数形式。故填discoveries。【40题详解】考查时态。句意:在10月,中国向太空发射了一颗名为“夸父一号”的太阳探测卫星,以揭开太阳的神秘面纱,并于11月拍摄了第一张太阳图像.根据时间状语InOctober可知,陈述过去事情,用一般过去时态。故填launched.【41题详解】考查代词。句意:在10月,中国向太空发射了一颗名为“夸父一号"的太阳探测卫星,以揭开太阳的神秘面纱,并于11月拍摄了第一张太阳图像。名词solarimage前用形容词性物主代词。故填its。【42题详解】考查定语从句.句意:在农业领域,中国研究人员在玉米和水稻中发现了与产量相关的基因,这使得它们的粮食产量分别增加了约10%和8%。句中先行词为genesincornandrice,在非限定性定语从句中作主语,所以用关系代词which引导。故填which.【43题详解】考查数词。句意:今年的中国十大科学进步榜单是第29届此类年度活动。根据定冠词the和句意可知,表示“第29届”,所以用序数词形式.故填twenty—ninth。【44题详解】考查形容词最高级。句意:该名单的目的是展示中国在一些基础领域的最新基础研究成果,并鼓励中国科学家和工程师努力实现科学技术的质量自主。结合句意,表示“最新的基础研究成果”,用形容词最高级形式。故填latest。【45题详解】考查连词。句意:该名单的目的是展示中国在一些基础领域的最新基础研究成果,并鼓励中国科学家和工程师努力实现科学技术的质量自主。句中“showcaseChina’s____9____(late)achievementsofbasicresearchinsomefundamentalfields”和“encourageChinesescientistsandengineerstoworkhardforachievingqualityself-relianceinscienceandtechnology."之间为并列关系,所以用并列连词.故填and。读后续写(2023届安徽省江淮十校高三下学期5月联考英语试卷)阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。MywifeandIneverhadagreenthumbwhenitcametokeepingplantsalivefarmorethanafewweeks.So,whenIwasdiagnosedwithcancerwedidn'teventhinkaboutaddingaplanttooursmallapartment。Butoneday,myfriendstoppedbyandgaveusabeautifulplantasagift,insistingthatitwouldbringlifetoourhomeandasenseofcalmnessduringthisdifficulttime。Surprisingly,theplanttookoffandgrewbeautifully,anditbroughtasenseofjoytoourhomethatwedesperatelyneeded.TendingtotheplantgavemeasenseofaccomplishmentatatimewhenIsometimesfeltuseless.Iamaphysician,andtakingcareoftheplantmademefeellikeacaregiveronceagain。Itwasnicetobeabletonurturesomethingandwatchitgrow。SincemydiagnosisinAugust
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