必考点08 阅读理解之推理判断题 【对点变式题】2021-2022学年高二英语下学期期中必考题精准练（人教版2019）（解析版）

PAGEPAGE1必考点08阅读理解之推理判断题必考一应用文经典必考感知练Christmasisontheway:4giftideasfromStanford'sbookshop.ShippingAreasTeaTowel,£9.99(enjoyinga10%discount)Weareanationofsailorswhorelyonweatherforecaststokeepsafe.Thisbookwillhelpyouunderstandtheshippingforecast,withthe30shippingareasmentionedintheNationalWeatherService.So,thenexttimeyouturnontheradioandhearabouthighwindsinCromarty,ForthandTyne,you'llknowthattheymeanstrongwindsintheseareas.You'llbewisertomakesomepreparations.TheWriter'sMap,£30(enjoyinga5%discount)TheWriter'sMapcombinesmapsandliterature.Manywritersusemapstoplanouttheirstories.Thisbookcollectsmapsthatappearinfictionandnon-fiction.JRRTolkien,afantasynovelwriter,said,“Thefactthatmanybookschoosetocontainonemapisevidencetotheimportanceofmaps.Iwiselystartedwithamap,andmadethestoryfit.”BrutalistLondonMap,£8(enjoyinga5%discount)Youeitherloveitoryouhateit.Saidtohavebeencoined(创造)inthelate1950sfromtheFrenchrawconcrete,brutalism(野兽派艺术)wasabiginfluenceonthe1960sLondon’sfinestexamplesofbrutalism.Brutalismmapsofothercities,includingParis,WashingtonandSydney,arealsoavailable.TheOrdnanceSurveyPuzzleBook,£14.99(enjoyinga10%&discount)Thenationalmappingagency,OrdnanceSurvey,hasbeenmappingtheGreatBritainformanyyears.TheOrdnanceSurveyPuzzleBookincludeswordpuzzlesandvariousmathematicalchallenges.Itincludesmapscontainingraregeographicalcharacteristicsorplacesofspecialculturalinterest.Itwillmakeyoulookmorecloselyateverymapandtestyourmap-readingknowledge.39．ShippingAreasTeaTowelcanhelpsailors________.A．knowworld-famousshippingareasB．prepareforbadweatherinadvanceC．havetheabilitytopredictweatherD．judgethequalityofvariousships41．What'sthewriter'spurposeofwritingthetext?A．Toadvertisefourbooks.B．Tocomparefourbooks.C．Toappealtopeopletoread.D．Toshowdifferentmaps.【答案】39．B41．A【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了斯坦福书店的4个圣诞节礼物创意。39．推理判断题。根据文章第一书ShippingAreasTeaTowel下面介绍中的第二、三、四句“Thisbookwillhelpyouunderstandtheshippingforecast,withthe30shippingareasmentionedintheNationalWeatherService.So,thenexttimeyouturnontheradioandhearabouthighwindsinCromarty,ForthandTyne,you'llknowthattheymeanstrongwindsintheseareas.You'llbewisertomakesomepreparations.(这书将帮助你理解航运预报与国家气象局提到的30个航运地区。所以，下次当你打开收音机听到关于克罗马蒂、福斯和泰恩的大风时，你就会知道这些地区有强风。你最好做些准备)”可知，ShippingAreasTeaTowel这书可以帮助水手提前为坏天气做好准备。故选B项。41．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Christmasisontheway:4giftideasfromStanford'sbookshop.(圣诞节就要来了：斯坦福书店的4个礼物创意)”以及下文主要是对四书的介绍可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是为四书做广告。故选A项。必考二记叙文经典必考感知练LocatedintheBahamas,AndrosIslandisalsoknownas“TheSleepingGiant”，yetwithonlyabout8.000peoplelivingonit.NowtheislandhasanewluxuryresortCaerulaMarClub-whichopenedthisFebruary.Theonce-abandonedpropertywasdiscoveredbyawell-knownHGTVrealitystarcouplewhotransformeditintoahotel.TheCanadiandesignduoBryanandSarahBaeumlerwerevacationingintheBahamasinthesummerof2017whentheydiscoveredaonce-abandonedresort.Theyinstantlydecidedtopurchaseitwithhopestotransformthe10-acrebeachfrontpropertyintoaluxuryhotel.However,theyhadnoideahowmuchtheinvestmentwouldendupcostingthem.Heremostsupplieshadtobeshippedin,andthepropertywasinbadshape.Thebudgetfortheremodellingshouldbearound$4million,butthey'vespentwellover$10million.What'sworse,inthefallof2019,category5HurricaneDorianhittheBahamas,andtheiremployeesandfriendswereaffected.Finally,severalmonthslater,astheypreparedtoopentheresorttothepublic,theCoronaviruspandemic（大流行病）struck.They'djustbeenfullybookedthroughoutthefallandwintermonthswhenthenewdisasterstoppedeverythingastheBahamaswereputonlockdown.Withtourismopeningupagain,newplansarenowforanOctoberlaunch,butthey'rejusttakingthingsonedayatatime."Ithinkattheendofthispandemic,wellfindmanypeoplearesearchingforadifferentexperience，”saysBryan."Insteadofcrowdingintolargeresorts,they'llbegoingtopropertieswheretheycanmeetpeople,connectwiththelocalsandexperiencenature.Ourhotelisjustsuchaplace.”Nowthecoupleisfocusingonthefuturewhilecreatingnewdevelopmentforvisitors.“WecertainlyhaveplanstoresponsiblyandsustainablydeveloptheislandthatwillhelpsupportthelocaleconomysaysBryan.21．Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?A．LifeonAndrosIslandisfast-paced.B．AndrosIslandislightlypopulated.C．Thecouplebuiltthehotelasplanned.D．Thecouplefoundtheluxuryhotelaccidentally.23．What,isBryan'sattitudetowardstheirhotel?A．Hethinksit'snotworththeprice. B．Heisworriedaboutit.C．Heisconfidentaboutit. D．Hethinksitshouldbereevaluated.24．Whatismainlyimpliedinthelastparagraph?A．Thesustainablewaysofdevelopingtheisland.B．Thepoliticaleffectsofthehotelontheisland.C．Thepromisingfutureofthetourismontheisland.D．Thecouple'sdeterminationtocontributetotheisland.【答案】21．B23．C24．D【解析】文是记叙文。文主要讲述了一对著名的真人秀夫妇在安德罗斯岛上修建宾馆的故事。21．推理判断题。根据第1段第1句“LocatedintheBahamas,AndrosIslandisalsoknownas“TheSleepingGiant”，yetwithonlyabout8.000peoplelivingonit.”位于巴哈马群岛的安德罗斯岛也被称为“沉睡的巨人”，然而岛上只有大约8000人居住。根据only可知，该岛居住人口较少。故选B项。23．推理判断题。根据第4段“Insteadofcrowdingintolargeresorts,they'llbegoingtopropertieswheretheycanmeetpeople,connectwiththelocalsandexperiencenature.Ourhotelisjustsuchaplace.”他们将不再挤在大型的度假胜地，而是去那些可以与人见面、与当地人联系、体验自然的地方。我们的酒店就是这样一个地方。可知，Bryan认为，在这场大瘟疫之后，人们将不再聚集在大型度假村，而是去那些可以与人见面、与当地人交流、体验自然的地方，他们的宾馆就是这样一个地方。因此他对他们宾馆的未来充满了信心。故选C项。24．推理判断题。根据最后一段中Bryan说的话“WecertainlyhaveplanstoresponsiblyandsustainablydeveloptheislandthatwillhelpsupportthelocaleconomysaysBryan.”布莱恩说:“我们当然有负责任和可持续发展这个岛屿的计划，这将有助于支持当地经济。可以感受到这对夫妇为小岛做贡献的决心。故选D项。必考三说明文经典必考感知练OneoftheexecutivesgatheredattheAspenInstituteforaday-longleadershipworkshopusingtheworksofShakespearewasdiscussingtheroleofBrutusinthedeathofJuliusCaesar.“Brutuswasnotanhonourableman,”hesaid.“Hewasatraitor(叛徒).Andhemurderedsomeoneincoldblood.”TheagreementwasthatBrutushadactedwithcrueltywhenotheroptionswereavailabletohim.Hemadeabaddecision,theysaid—atleastasitwaspresentedbyShakespeare—totaketheleadinmurderingJuliusCaesar.AndthoughoneoftheexecutivesacknowledgedthatBrutushadthegoodoftherepublicinmind,Caesarwasneverthelesshissuperior.“Youhavetounderstand,”theexecutivessaid,“ourpolicyistoobeythechainofcommand.”Duringthelastfewyears,businessexecutivesandbookwriterslookingforanewwaytoadvisecorporateAmericahavebeenexploitingShakespeare’swisdomforprofitableends.NonemoresothanhusbandandwifeteamKennethandCarolAdelman,well-knownformeradviserstotheWhiteHouse,whostartedupatrainingcompanycalled“MoversandShakespeares”.TheyareamateurShakespearescholarsandShakespearelovers,andtheyhavecombinedtheirpassionandtheirhigh-levelcontactsintoamanagementtrainingbusiness.Theyconductbetween30and40workshopsannually,dealingwithhalfadozendifferentplays,mostlyforcorporations,butalsoforgovernmentagencies.Theworkshopsalltakethesameform,focusingonasingleplayasakindofcasestudy,andusingindividualscenesasspecificlessons.InJuliusCaesar,forexample,Cassius’sslyprovocation(狡诈的挑唆)ofBrutustotakeuparmsagainstCaesarwasthebasisforadiscussionofmethodsofteambuildingandgrassrootsorganizing.AlthoughneitheroftheAdelmansisacademicallytrainedinliterature,theprogramscontainplentyofShakespearetraditionandbackground.TheirworkshoponHenryV,forexample,includesahelpfulexplanationofHenry’swinningstrategyattheBattleofAgincourt.Buttheydocometothetextwithafewbiases(偏向):theirreadingofHenryVminimizeshismisuseofpower.Instead,theyemphasizethestoryoftheyouthwhoseizesopportunityandbecomesamasterfulleader.AndattheworkshoponCaesar,Mr.AdelmanshadlittlegoodtosayaboutBrutus,saying“thenoblestRomanofthemall”couldn’tmakehismindupaboutthings.Manyoftheparticipantspointedtoveryspecificelementsintheplaythattheyfelttoberelated.Caesar’spride,whichledtohismurder,andBrutus’smistakesinleadingthetraitorsafterthemurder,theysaid,raisevitalquestionsforanyoneservinginabusinesswhenandhowdoyouresisttheboss?1．Accordingtoparagraph1,whatdidalltheexecutivesthinkofBrutus?A．Cruel. B．Superior. C．Honourable. D．Rude.2．Accordingtothepassage,theAdelmanssetup“MoversandShakespeares”to________.A．helpexecutivestounderstandShakespeare’splaysbetterB．giveadviceonleadershipbyanalyzingShakespeare’splaysC．providecasestudiesofShakespeare’splaysinliteratureworkshopsD．guidegovernmentagenciestofollowthecharactersinShakespeare’splays4．Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________.A．theAdelmans’programprovesbiasedastherolesofcharactersaremaximizedB．executivesfeelboredwithtoomanyspecificelementsofShakespeare’splaysC．theAdelmanswillmakemoreprofitsiftheyareprofessionalscholarsD．Shakespearehasplayedanimportantroleinthemanagementfield【答案】1．A2．B4．D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了莎士比亚戏剧在商业管理方面的应用。1．推理判断题。根据第一段“TheagreementwasthatBrutushadactedwithcruelty”(大家一致认为，Brutus的行为很残忍)可知，所有高管都认为，Brutus表现得很残忍。故选A项。2．推理判断题。根据第二段“Duringthelastfewyears,businessexecutivesandbookwriterslookingforanewwaytoadvisecorporate.TheyareamateurShakespearescholarsandShakespearelovers,andtheyhavecombinedtheirpassionandtheirhighlevelcontactsintoamanagementtrainingbusiness.”（在在过去几年，商业执行官和作家们找到了一种新的方式来劝导行政体系。他们是非专业的莎士比亚研究者和推崇者，并将其高昂的激情用于商业管理培训项目中。）可推出，Adelman夫妇成立了MoversandShakespeares，通过分析莎士比亚的戏剧给领导层提供建议。故选B项。4．推理判断题。根据第一段“OneoftheexecutivesgatheredattheAspenInstituteforaday-longleadershipworkshopusingtheworksofShakespearewasdiscussingtheroleofBrutusinthedeathofJuliusCaesar.”（公司的一名执行官汇聚在Aspen集团参加为期一天的领导力研讨，这个研讨会其中一个主题就是讨论莎士比亚作品中Brutus对凯撒之死所起到的作用。）可推断出，莎士比亚在管理领域也起着重要作用。故选D项。必考四议论文经典必考感知练“DidyouhearwhathappenedtoAdamLastFriday?”LindseywhisperstoTori.Withhereyesshining,Toribrags,“YoubetIdid,Seantoldmetwodaysago.”WhoareLindseyandToritalkingabout?Itjusthappenedtobeyourstruly,AdamFreedman.Icantellyouthatwhattheyaresayingisnotniceandnoteventrue.Still,LindseyandToriaren’tverydifferentfrommoststudentshereatLintonHighSchool,includingme.Manyofourconversationsaregossip(闲话).Ihavenoticedthreeeffectsofgossip:itcanhurtpeople,itcangivegossipersastrangekindofsatisfaction,anditcancausesocialpressuresinagroup.Animportantnegativeeffectofgossipisthatitcanhurtthepersonbeingtalkedabout.Usually,gossipspreadsinformationaboutatopic—breakups,troubleathome,evendroppingout—atapersonwouldratherkeepsecret.Themoreembarrassingorshamefulthesecretis,thejuicierthegossipitmakes.Probablytheworsttypeofgossipistheabsolutelie.Peopleoftenthinkofgossipersasharmless,butcruelliescancausepain.Ifweknowthatgossipcanbeharmful,thenwhydosomanyofusdoit?Theanswerliesinanothereffectofgossip:thesatisfactionitgivesus.Sharingthelatestrumor(传言)canmakeapersonfeelimportantbecauseheorsheknowssomethingthatothersdon’t.Similarly,hearingthelatestrumorcanmakeapersonfeellikepartofthe“ingroup.”Inotherwords,gossipissatisfyingbecauseitgivespeopleasense

ofbelongingorevensuperiority(优越).Gossipalsocanhaveathirdeffect:itstrengthensunwritten,unspokenrulesabouthowpeopleshouldact.ProfessorDavidWilsonexplainsthatgossipisimportantinpolicingbehaviorsinagroup.Translatedintohighschoolterms,thismeansthatifeverybodyyouhangaroundwithislaughingatwhatJohnworeorwhatJanesaid,thenyoucanbetthatwearingorsayingsomethingsimilarwillgetyouthesamekindofnegativeattention.Thedo’sanddon’tsconveyedthroughgossipwillnevershowupinanystudenthandbook.Theeffectsofgossipvarydependingonthesituation.Thenexttimeyoufeeltheurgetospreadthelatestnews,thinkaboutwhyyouwanttogossipandwhateffectsyour“juicystory”mighthave.5．Theauthorusesaconversationatthebeginningofthepassageto________.A．clarifyhiswritingpurposeB．presentanargumentC．describethecharactersD．introduceatopic6．Animportantnegativeeffectsofgossipisthatit________.A．causesunpleasantexperiencesB．embarrassesthelistenerC．spreadsinformationaroundD．breaksoprelationships【答案】5．D6．A【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了日常生活中我们经常和好友私下谈论传播关于某人的闲话。作者把闲话流言给人们带来的影响分为三类，分别进行了论说。5．推理判断题。根据文章第一段和第二段““DidyouhearwhathappenedtoAdamLastFriday?”LindseywhisperstoTori.Withhereyesshining,Toribrags,“YoubetIdid,Seantoldmetwodaysago.”(“你听说上周五亚当发生什么事了吗?”林赛小声对托丽说。她的眼睛闪闪发光，Tori吹嘘道，“当然是我，Sean两天前告诉我的。”)”和文章第三段“Ihavenoticedthreeeffectsofgossip(我注意到闲话的三种影响)”可知，作者开头引用了两个同学谈论另外一个同学的闲话，然后作者说自己注意到闲话带来的三种影响。由此可知，作者用这个谈话来引出文的话题。故选D。6．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Animportantnegativeeffectofgossipisthatitcanhurtthepersonbeingtalkedabout.(八卦的一个重要的负面影响是它会伤害被谈论的人)”可知，八卦的一个重要的负面影响是它会带来不愉快的经历。故选A。※解题技巧提炼→考点综述推理判断题属于主观题，是层次较高的设题。它包括判断和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了得出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。所以，推理题的答案只能是根据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写(paraphrase)或综合。常见的题干有： 1.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat… 2.Wecanconcludethat… 3.Whenthewritertalksabout...,whathereallymeansisthat… 4.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?技巧提炼●细节推断题常见的设问方式： Itcanbeinferredfromthepassage/textthat_________. Theauthormainlysuggeststhat________. Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat_______. Thewriterimpliesbutnotdirectlystates_______. Whatdoestheauthorimplyaboutnewspapers? 细节判断题属于深层理解题，要求根据语篇内容，推断具体细节。做此类题目关键是要正确把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，要忠实于原文，千万不能主观臆断，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。干扰项特点： 1.文章中直接用于表达细节的信息 2.文章中无关紧要或片面推出的结论 3.与文章内容完全相反的结论 4.不合常理或不合逻辑的结论等。解题技巧 1.要全面分析所有相关信息，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。 2.要忠实原文，切忌脱离原文，凭空臆断。 3.注意不要选择表层信息答案，应该立足由已知推断未知。●预测推断题常见的设问方式： Whatdoyouthinkwillhappenwhen/if…? Attheendofthispassage,thewritermightcontinuetowrite_______. Theparagraphfollowingthepassagewillmostprobablybeabout_______. Whichofthefollowingstatementsismostlikelytobetalkedaboutinthefollowingparagraph? 有些内容文章中没有明确说明，这就要求考生根据语篇内容，对事件可能的结局或下一段可能涉及的内容等进行预测、推断。作这类题时考生应准确把握作者的写作思路，从而作出比较准确的、合情合理的猜测。●文章来源或读者对象题 常见的设问方式： Thispassagewouldmostlikelybefoundin_______. Thepassageisprobablytakenoutof________. Whereisthepassagemostlikelyfrom? 文章来源或读者对象推断题要求考生具备一定的常识。因此考生身要对报纸、杂志、网络、科普知识、小说、童话、广告、教材、说明书、旅游指南、操作指南等有基的了解，这样才能在做题时根据文章的特点选出答案。●写作意图推测题 常见的设问方式： Whatisthemainpurposeoftheauthorwritingthetext? Thepurposeofthetextistogetmorepeopleto_______. Thewriterofthestorywantstotellusthat________. Thefact…ismentionedbytheauthortoshow________. Theauthorwritersthelastparagraphinorderto________. 写作意图推断题要求考生根据文章的论述，揣测作者的写作意图及作者运用某种写作手法的目的。作者一般不直接表明自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实，客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。这种题型要求考生不但能理解文章的大意，同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行分析和归纳总结的能力。一般来说，我们可以通过分析文章的文体特点，理解作者的词句选择和识别文章的语气来推断出作者的写作意图。●人物性格、心情处境、态度及观点等推断题高考阅读测试中有些题目考查学生对文章作者的主导思想、被描写人物语气、言谈话语中流露的情绪、性格倾向和作用或文中人物的态度、观点等方面的理解。做这一类题时一定注意：（1）由表及里地准确把握字里行间的意思，切勿用自己的主观想法或观点代替作者的思想观点。（2）特别注意那些描写环境气氛的语言，以及表达感情，态度观点的词语。要特别注意作者在文章中的措辞，尤其是感情色彩的形容词。3）能结合自己平时积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识来识别评价。干扰项特点： 1.是自己的某种看法或观点 2.是社会的一种普遍种倾向 3.是与文无关或与作者相反的观点或看法等解题技巧： 1.问全文主体事物的(包括主题)，可以根据阐述主题或有关主体事物的相关句中表达感情色彩的形容词、副词或动词确定作者的态度； 2.如果问的是对某一具体事物的态度，则可以定位到具体相关句，然后确定答案。必考一应用文真题预知对点练（2021全国甲卷）ATakeaview,theLandscape（风景）PhotographeroftheYearAward,wastheideaofCharlieWaite,oneoftoday'smostrespectedlandscapephotographers.Eachyear,thehighstandardofentrieshasshownthattheAwardsaretheperfectplatformtoshowcasetheverybestphotographyoftheBritishlandscape.TakeaviewisadesirableannualcompetitionforphotographersfromallcomersoftheUKandbeyond.MikeShepherd(2011)SkiddawinWinterCumbria,EnglandItwasanextremelycoldwinter'seveningandfreezingfoghungintheair.Iclimbedtothetopofasmallriseandrealizedthatthemistwaslittlemorethanafewfeetdeep,andthoughitwasonlyashortclimb,IfoundmyselfcompletelyaboveitandlookingatawonderfullyclearviewofSkiddawwiththesumsettinginthewest.Iusedclassicaltechniques,translatedfrommycollegedaysspentinthedarkroomintoPhotoshop,toachievetheblack—and—whiteimage（图像）.TimothySmith(2014)MacclesfieldForestCheshire,EnglandIwasbackinmyhometownofMacclesfieldtotakesomewinterimages.WalkingupapaththroughtheforesttowardsShutlingsloe.alocalhighpoint,Icameacrossasmallclearingandimmediatelynoticedthedeadyellowgrassessetagainstthefreshsnow.ThesmallpineaddedtotheinterestandIplaceditcentrallytotaketheviewfromtheforegroundrightthroughintotheforest.1.WhowouldmostprobablyenterforTakeaview?A.Writers. B.Photographers. C.Painters. D.Tourists.2.WhatdotheworksbyShepherdandSmithhaveincommon?A.Theyarewinterimages.B.Theyareinblackandwhite.C.Theyshowmountainousscenes.D.Theyfocusonsnow—coveredforests.3.Wherecanthetextbefound?A.Inahistorybook. B.Inanovel. C.Inanartmagazine. D.Inabiography.【答案】3.C【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了摄影比赛Takeaview以及获奖的相关情况。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Eachyear,thehighstandardofentrieshasshownthattheAwardsaretheperfectplatformtoshowcasetheverybestphotographyoftheBritishlandscape.TakeaviewisadesirableannualcompetitionforphotographersfromallcomersoftheUKandbeyond.”（每年参赛作品的高水准表明，该奖项是展示英国风景最佳摄影作品的完美平台。对于英国和世界各地的摄影师来说，Takeaview是一项令人向往的年度竞赛）结合下文对两位获奖者及其作品的介绍，可知这篇文章主要介绍了摄影比赛Takeaview以及获奖的相关情况，最可能出现在一艺术杂志上。故选C。必考二记叙文真题预知对点练（2021年全国甲卷）WhenIwas9,wepackedupourhomeinLosAngelesandarrivedatHeathrow,LondononagrayJanuarymorning.Everyoneinthefamilysettledquicklyintothecityexceptme.Withoutmybelovedbeachesandendlessblue—skydays,Ifeltatalossandoutofplace.UntilImadeadiscovery.Southbank,ataneasternbendintheThames,isthecenterofBritishskateboarding,wherethecontinuouscrashingofskateboardsleftyourheadringing.Ilovedit.Isoonmadefriendswiththelocalskaters.Wespokeourownlanguage.Andmyfavorite:Safe.Safemeantcool.Itmeanthello.Itmeantdon'tworryaboutit.Once,whentryingacertaintrickonthebeam（横杆）,Ifellontothestones,damaginganerveinmyhand,andTobycameover,helpingmeup:Safe,man.Safe.Afewminuteslater,whenIlandedthetrick,myfriendsbeattheirboardsloud,shouting:“Safe!Safe!Safe!”Andthat'swhatmattered—landingtricks,beingagoodskater.WhenIwas15,myfamilymovedtoWashington.Itriedskateboardingthere,butthelocalswerefarlesswelcoming.Withinacoupleofyears,I'dgivenitup.WhenIreturnedtoLondonin2004,IfoundmyselfwanderingdowntoSouthbank,spendinghoursthere.I'vetraveledbackseveraltimessince,mostrecentlythispastspring.Thedaywascoldbutclear:touristsandLondonersstoppedtowatchtheskaters.Weaving（穿梭）amongthekidswhorushedbyontheirboards,Ifoundmywaytothebeam.Thenarail—thinteenager,inabaggywhiteT—shirt,skidded（滑）uptothebeam.Hesatnexttome.Heseemednottonoticethemannexttohim.ButsoonIcaughtafewofhisglances.“Iwasalocalhere20yearsago,”Itoldhim.Then,slowly,hebegantonodhishead.“Safe,man.Safe.”“Yeah,”Isaid.“Safe.”8.WhatcanwelearnabouttheauthorsoonafterhemovedtoLondon?A.Hefeltdisappointed. B.Hegaveuphishobby.C.Helikedtheweatherthere. D.Hehaddisagreementswithhisfamily.10.WhydidtheauthorliketospendtimeinSouthbankwhenhereturnedtoLondon?A.Tojointheskateboarding. B.Tomakenewfriends.C.Tolearnmoretricks. D.Torelivehischildhooddays11.Whatmessagedoestheauthorseemtoconveyinthetext?A.Childrenshouldlearnasecondlanguage.BSportisnecessaryforchildren'shealth.C.ChildrenneedasenseofbelongingD.Seeingtheworldisamustforchildren.【答案】8.A10.D11.C【解析】文属于记叙文。文讲述作者自己的经历，起初搬到伦敦很不适应，但是由于找到了玩滑板的地方，结识了玩滑板的朋友，因此很好的适应了。作者回到伦敦之后，经常去之前玩滑板的地方寻找自己的回忆，在与一个玩滑板的孩子打招呼的时候，终于找到了自己久违的熟悉感。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Everyoneinthefamilysettledquicklyintothecityexceptme.Withoutmybelovedbeachesandendlessblue-skydays,Ifeltatalossandoutofplace.(除了我之外的家里人都很快适应这个城市，没有了我喜爱的沙滩和蓝天，我感到迷茫和无措)”可知，作者刚到伦敦的时候因为没有喜爱的沙滩，不能很好的融入到新的城市，感到很沮丧，故选A。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段““Iwasalocalhere20yearsago,"Itoldhim.Then,slowly,hebegantonodhishead.“Safe,man.Safe.””(我告诉他：“我20年前经常在这里玩滑板，”他缓慢地开始向我点头：“嗨，你好！”)”可推知，作者去Southbank这个地方是为了寻找自己玩滑板的回忆，故选D。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据全文可知，作者起初搬到伦敦很不适应，但是由于找到了玩滑板的地方，结识了玩滑板的朋友，因此很好的适应了。但是搬去华盛顿，因为没有遇到很好的玩滑板的朋友，几年之后就不再玩滑板，作者回到伦敦之后，经常去之前玩滑板的地方寻找自己的回忆，在于一个孩子打招呼的时候，终于找到了自己久违的回忆。通过作者的经历，作者要表达的是，归属感对于孩子是很重要的，故选C。必考三说明文真题预知对点练（2021·浙江·高考真题）Atthestartofthe20thcentury,anAmericanengineernamedJohnElfrethWatkinsmadepredictionsaboutlifetoday.Hispredictionsaboutslowingpopulationgrowth,mobilephonesandincreasingheightwereclosetothemark.Buthewaswronginoneprediction:thateverybodywouldwalk10milesaday.Today,inAustralia,mostchildrenonaveragefall2,000stepsshortofthephysicalactivitytheyneedtoavoidbeingoverweight.Intheearly1970s,40percentofchildrenwalkedtoschool,whilein2010,itwasaslowas15percent.Thedeclineisnotbecausewehaveallbecomelazy.Familiesarepressedfortime,manywithbothparentsworkingtopayfortheirhouse,oftenworkinghoursnotoftheirchoosing,livingincar-dependentneighborhoodswithlimitedpublictransport.Theothersideofthecoinisequallyadeprivation:forhealthandwell-being,aswellaslostopportunities（机会）forchildrentogettoknowtheirlocalsurroundings.Andforparentstherearelostopportunitiestowalkandtalkwiththeiryoungscholarabouttheirday.Mostparentswillhaveeagerlyaskedtheirchildabouttheirday,onlytomeetwitha“good”,quicklyfollowedby"I'mhungry".Thisisalsomyexperienceasamother.Butsomewhereoverthedailywalkmoreaboutmyson'sdaycomesout.Ihearhimmakingsenseoffriendshipanditslimits.Thisistheunexpectedandrareparentalopportunitytohearmore.Manyprimaryschoolssupportwalkingschool-busroutes（路线）,withdaysofregular,

parent-accompaniedwalks.Doingjustoneoftheseafewtimesaweekisbetterthannothing.Itcanbetoughtobeginandtakesalittleplanning-runningshoesbythefrontdoor,lunchesmadethenightbefore,umbrellasonrainydaysandhatsonhotones-butit'scertainlyworthtrying.21．WhydoestheauthormentionWatkins'predictionsinthefirstparagraph?A．Tomakecomparisons. B．Tointroducethetopic.C．Tosupportherargument. D．Toprovideexamples.【答案】21．B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章通过否定沃特金斯的预言，进而提出现在人们时间的紧缺和陪伴的重要性。21．推理判断题。通过文章第二段“Today:inAustralia:mostchildrenonaveragefall2:000stepsshortofthephysicalactivitytheyneedtoavoidbeingoverweight.Intheearly1970s,40percentofchildrenwalkedtoschoolwhilein2010,itwasaslowas15percent.(今天：在澳大利亚：大多数孩子平均比避免超重所需的体力活动少了2000步。在上世纪70年代初，40%的孩子步行上学，而在2010年，这一比例降至15%)”说明作者根据沃特金斯的预言做了相关调查，并且写下了这篇文章。通读全文得知作者在第一段提到沃特金斯的预言，是为了介绍文章主题。故选B项。必考四说明文真题预知对点练（2021·天津·高考真题）Thereissomethingtobesaidforbeingageneralist,evenifyouareaspecialist.Knowingalittleaboutalotofthingsthatinterestyoucanaddtotherichnessofawhole,well-livedlife.Societypushesustospecialize,tobecomeexperts.Thisrequirescommitmenttoaparticularoccupation,branchofstudyorresearch.Thedrawbacktobeingspecialistsisweoftencometoknowmoreandmoreaboutlessandless.Thereisagreatdealofpressuretomasterone'sfield.Youmaypursuetraining,degrees,orincreasinglevelsofresponsibilityatwork.Thenyoudiscoverthepressureofhavingtokeepup.Somepeopleseemwillingtoworkaroundtheclockintheirnarrowspecialty.Butsuchcommitmentcanalsoweakenasenseoffreedom.Thesespecialistscouldworkattheofficeuntilteneachnight,thenlookbackandrealizetheywouldhavelovedtohavegonehomeandenjoyedthesweetnessoftheirfamilyandfriends,ortraveledtoexcitingplaces,meetinginterestingpeople.Masteringonethingtotheexclusion（排除）ofotherscanholdbackyourtruespirit.Generalists,ontheotherhand,knowalotaboutawiderangeofsubjectsandviewthewholewithallitsconnections.Theyarepeopleofability,talent,andenthusiasmwhocanbringtheirbroadperspective（视角）intospecificfieldsofexpertise（专长）.Thedoctorwhoisalsoapoetandphilosopherisasuperiordoctor,onewhocangivesomuchmoretohispatientsthanjustgoodmedicalskills.Thingsareconnected.Letyourexpertiseinonefieldfuelyourpassionsinallrelatedareas.Someofyourinterestsmaynotappeartobeconnectedbut,onceyouexploretheirdepths,youdiscoverthattheyare.MyeditorToni,whoisalsoawriter,haseditedseveralhistorybooks.ShehasdecidedtostudyChinesehistory.FascinatedbythestructuralbeautyoftheForbiddenCityasapainter,sheisequallyinterestedtolearnmoreaboutChinesephilosophy."Idon'tknowwhereitwilllead,butI'mexcitedI'monthispursuit."Theseexpansionsintonewworldshelpusbygivingusnewperspectives.Webegintoseetheinterconnectednessofonethingtoanotherinallaspectsofourlife,ofourselvesandtheuniverse.Developbroad,generalknowledgeandexperience.Theuniverseisallyourstoexploreandenjoy.1．Tobecomeaspecialist,onemayhaveto_____.A．narrowhisrangeofknowledgeB．avoidresponsibilitiesatworkC．knowmoreaboutthesocietyD．broadenhisperspectiveonlife4．WhatdoestheauthorintendtoshowwiththeexampleofToni?A．Passionalonedoesnotensureaperson'ssuccess.B．In-depthexplorationmakesdiscoveriespossible.C．Everyonehasachancetosucceedintheirpursuit.D．Seeminglyunrelatedinterestsareinaway