虚拟语气的应用和练习课件-高三下学期英语一轮复习专项

一、虚拟语气在条件句中的用法二、虚拟语气在从句中的用法三、虚拟语气的其他用法虚拟语气要点一、虚拟语气在条件句中的用法01所假设的条件与事实相反，或实现的可能性较小，分为三种情况：1.表示与现在或客观事实相反，从句谓语：did/were；主句谓语：would/could/might/shoulddo。If

I

were

rich,

I

would

buy

anything

you

wanted.我要是有钱，你想要什么我就给你买什么。If

you

didn’t

stay

up

late

so

often,

you

wouldn’t

feel

so

sleepyby

day.如果不是经常睡得太晚，你白天不会这么困。一、if引导的非真实条件句2.

表示与将来事实相反，从句谓语：did/were或should

do或wereto

do；主句谓语：would/could/might/should

do。If

I

wereto

doit,

I

would

doit

better.要是我来做这件事，我会做得更好。If

she

should

come

tomorrow,

I

would

tell

her

the

news.如果她明天来，我会告诉她这个消息。一、if引导的非真实条件句3.表示与过去事实相反，从句谓语：had

done；主句谓语：

would/could/might/shouldhave

done。If

you

had

worked

harder

at

school,

you

would

have

got

a

better

job.如果上学时你更用功一些，你本可以找到一份更好的工作。If

the

earthquake

had

occurred

in

the

daytime,

there

would

havebeen

fewer

deaths.要是地震发生在白天，那么死亡的人数会少一些。一、if引导的非真实条件句（3）I

didn’t

see

your

boss

at

the

meeting.

If

he

had

come,

I

would

havetold

him

the

news.我没有看见你的老板出席会议。要是他来了，我就告诉他消息了。If

I

hadn’t

driven

the

car

yesterday,

I

would

have

avoided

the

accident.如果昨天我没有开车，就可以避免车祸的。He

might

not

have

been

killed

in

the

traffic

accident

yesterday

if

he

had

fastened

the

seat

belt.如果昨天他系安全带了，就不会在交通事故中丧生。一、if引导的非真实条件句注：在非真实条件句中如果有were、had、should，可以将if省略，把were、had、should提到主语前。If

he

had

taken

his

lawyer’s

advice,

he

would

have

saved

himself

a

greatdeal

of

trouble.=Had

he

taken

his

lawyer’s

advice,

he

would

have

saved

himself

a

greatdeal

of

trouble.要是他听从了律师的建议，就会给自己省去不少麻烦。一、if引导的非真实条件句如果从句和主句表示的时间不一致，动词的形式可按各自实际时态表示。If

we

hadn’t

got

everything

ready

by

now,

we

should

be

having

a

terribletime

tomorrow.要是到现在还没有准备就绪，明天日子就难过了。（从句虚拟过去，主句虚拟将来）If

I

were

you,

I

would

have

accepted

their

offer

then.如果我是你，当时就会接受他们的提议。（从句虚拟现在，主句虚拟过去）二、错综虚拟语气3.

If

he

had

had

the

operation

two

years

ago,

he

would

be

in

better

healthnow.要是他两年前做了手术，现在健康状况会好些。（从句虚拟过去，主句虚拟现在）二、错综虚拟语气有些句子虽然没有条件从句，但意思和条件句相差不多，这种句子有时候会用虚拟语气，这种情况称为含蓄虚拟语气。I

told

youwe

should

havedone

it

myway.我跟你说过我们原本应该用我的方法来做这事。She

could

have

donebetter.

她做得不够好。I

might

have

given

you

more

help,

but

I

was

too

busy.我本可以给你更多的帮助，但我太忙了。三、含蓄虚拟语气二、虚拟语气在从句中的用法021.在表示愿望的动词wish后的宾语从句中。用过去时，表示与现在事实相反。例：I

wish

I

couldhelp

him.我希望我能帮他。（事实上我不能）用过去完成时，表示与过去事实相反。例：He

didn’t

go

to

the

party,

but

he

did

wish

he

had

been

there.

他没去参加晚会，但是他确实希望他能去。用would/could+动词原形，表示与将来事实相反。例：I

wishyou

couldcomealong

tomorrow.但愿你明天能一起来。一、用于宾语从句2.

在具有愿望、请求、要求、想法、建议、命令等主观意向的动词后的宾语从句中。在具有愿望、请求、要求、想法、建议、命令等主观意向的动词后的宾语从句中用虚拟语气，谓语动词形式：should（用于所有人称）+动词原形，或直接用动词原形。（1）The

teacher

insisted

that

he

(should)

learn

the

vocabulary

by

heart.老师坚持他应该用心学习词汇。（2）I

suggested

that

a

meeting

(should)

be

held

at

once.我建议立即开会。一、用于宾语从句类似的动词有：advise（劝告）；desire（希望）；demand（要求）；request（要求）；suggest（建议）；propose（建议）；

recommend（推荐）；insist（坚持）；require（要求）；

command（命令）；maintain（认为）；prefer（宁愿）；order（命令）；allow（允许）；ask（要求）；arrange（安排）等。一、用于宾语从句3.

在表愿望的would

rather（宁愿）、would

sooner（宁可）及wouldas

soon（宁愿）后的宾语从句中。在表愿望的would

rather（宁愿）、would

sooner宁可）及would

as

soon（宁愿）后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用过去式表示对现在或将来的愿望，用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反的愿望。I’drather

you

hadleft

yesterday.我宁愿你昨天已经离开了。He

wouldratherI

went

now.他宁愿我现在就走。一、用于宾语从句1.某些表示愿望、请求、建议、命令等意义的形容词之后的主语从句中。动词形式为：should+动词原形或直接用动词原形。It

is

suggested

that

parents

(should)

spend

more

time

with

their

children

alone.建议父母应该花更多的时间和孩子独处。Itis

required

thatI

give

evidence.要求我提供证据。二、用于主语从句It

is/was

important/necessary/appropriate/proper/imperative/essential/vital,

etc.that…中。动词形式为：should+动词原形或直接用动词原形。例：It

is

important

that

we

(should)

learn

English

well.学好英语很重要。It

is/was

amazing/odd/ridiculous/surprising/unthinkable/natural,

etc.that…中。动词形式为：should+动词原形或直接用动词原形。例：It’s

ridiculous

that

he

(should)

not

know

who

his

supervisor

is.可笑的是他的导师是谁他都不知道。二、用于主语从句在表示“建议、请求、命令、提议、要求”等之意的名词，例：suggestion（建议）、proposal（提议）、instruction（指示）、advice、order、request、recommendation（建议）、requirement、stipulation（规定、合同）、insistence（坚持）等，

其后的表语从句要用虚拟语气，谓语动词用should+动词原形，

should可以省略。My

order

is

that

nobody

be

able

to

leave

here

from

now

on.我下令无论任何人从现在起不能离开这儿。My

request

is

that

leaders

should

pay

more

attention

to

the

project.我要求领导们对这个项目多一点关注。三、用于表语从句在表示“建议、请求、命令、提议、要求”等之意的名词，例：suggestion、proposal、instruction、advice、order、request、recommendation等构成的同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，谓语动

词用should+动词原形，should可以省略。例：He

made

a

suggestion

that

we

(should)

cancel

the

activity.

他建议我们取消这项活动。四、用于同位语从句1.

在as

if、as

though引导的方式状语从句中需用虚拟语气，动词用过去时表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有怀疑；动词用过去完成时表示与过去想象中的动作或情况不相符合或相反。He

orders/ordered

me

as

if

I

were

his

servant.他对我发号施令，好像我是他的佣人。He

talked

about

Tokyo

as

if

he

had

been

there

himself.他谈及东京就好像他自己去过那儿一样。五、用于状语从句2.以lest（免得、唯恐）、for

fear

that（以免）或incasethat（假使……，万一……）引导从句必须用虚拟语气，谓语用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。Take

the

raincoat

in

case

that

it

(should)

rain.带上雨衣以防下雨。We

must

hurry

off

lest

we

(should)

miss

the

train.我们得赶快走，否则赶不上火车了。五、用于状语从句三、虚拟语气的其他用法031.用于表示祝愿在一些表示祝愿的话语中可使用虚拟语气（多用动词原形）。例：1.May

you

be

happy!

祝你幸福！2.Long

live

peace!

和平万岁！2.用于It’s(high/about)

time(that)…句型在it

is(high/about)

time(该……/是时候……)后的从句中用虚拟语气，动词多用过去式(be动词用were)，表示与事实不一致。例：It’s

hightimeweleft

home.我们早该离家了。It

is

high

time

we

did

something

to

stop

road

accident.我们早该做些什么防止交通事故的发生了。（3）I

think

it’s

high

time

we

took

strict

measures

to

stop

pollution.我认为我们早该采取严厉措施减少污染了。3.用于If

only句型If

only感叹句中，If

only表示“但愿、要是……就好了”，其用法和I

wish基本相同，只是更富有感情色彩。例：If

onlyshe

hadasked

your

advice!她要是征求你的意见就好了！If

only

he

were

here!他要是在这儿就好了！精题演练041.

I

wish

I

totheplaywith

youlastSunday.A.

did

goC.

had

goneB.

wentD.

have

gone参考答案：C解析：句意“我真希望上星期天和你一起去看戏。”wish后宾语从句使用虚拟语气，用过去完成时，表示与过去事实相反，故选C。精题演练2.

for

the

timely

investment

from

the

public,

our

company

wouldnot

be

so

prosperous.A.

Were

it

notC.

If

it

was

notB.

Had

it

not

beenD.

Be

it

not参考答案：A解析：句意“如果不是社会各界及时投资，我们的公司不会如此繁荣。”由后面句子中的would

not

be可知此处是对现在的虚拟，对现在的虚拟if条件句用一般过去时，如果是were可把if

省略，把were提到主语的前面。而B：Had

it

not

been是对过去的虚拟，故此处的Wereit

not…可改写为：If

it

were

notfor

the

timely.

故选A。精题演练3.

It

is

required

that

students

atleasttwoclubsinthe

university.B.

would

attendD.

are

to

attendA.

will

attendC.

attend参考答案：C解析：句意“学校要求学生至少参加两个社团。”require之后的主语从句中使用虚拟语气，动词形式为：should+动词原形或直接用动词原形。故选C。精题演练4.

If

only

I

a

doctor.A.

wasC.

isB.

wereD.

am参考答案：B解析：句意“我要是个医生就好了。”if

only后使用虚拟语气，

用法与wish基本相同，谓语动词如果为be动词，则用were。故选B。精题演练5.

The

professor

acts

as

if

he

a

king

ofgreat

kingdom.A.

isC.

wereB.

wasD.

had

been参考答案：C解析：句意“教授表现得好像他是一个伟大王国的国王。”asif后使用虚拟语气，谓语动词如果为be动词，则用were。故选C。精题演练6.

Had

he

worked

harder,

he

the

exams.A.

must

have

got

throughC.

would

get

throughB.

could

get

throughD.

would

have

got

through参考答案：D解析：句意“如果他再努力一点，他就能通过考试了。”由had

worked可知，与过去事实相反，主句使用情态动词+have

done的形式，故选D。精题演练7.

The

manager

demanded

that

all

employees

on

time.A.

beC.

to

beB.

areD.

would

be参考答案：A解析：句意“经理要求所有员工准时。”demand后的宾语从句使用虚拟语气，动词形式为：should+动词原形或直接用动词

原形。故选A。精题演练8.

If

y