2025年辽宁省抚顺市望花区中考英语二模试卷

第1页（共1页）2025年辽宁省抚顺市望花区中考英语二模试卷一、（共5分，每小题1分）情景应答你将听到5个句子，每个句子后面设有一个小题，请从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每个句子后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每个句子读一遍。1．（1分）A.TheSmiths.B.Aschoolbag.C.Elephants.2．（1分）A.Intwodays.B.3kilometersaway.C.About12kilograms.3．（1分）A.Atalentedteenager.B.Abeautifulmodelplane.C.Anancientcountry.4．（1分）A.She'salittleupset.B.It'sinteresting.C.Onthewayhome.5．（1分）A.Aheavyrainstorm.B.Blackandwhite.C.Harbin，China.二、（共15分，每小题1分）听短对话，回答问题你将听到5段对话，每段对话后面设有一个小题，请从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读一遍。6．（1分）Whatdoesthewomanwanttohave？A.Abowlofbeefnoodles.B.Acupofcoffee.C.Apairofshoes.7．（1分）WhowillmeetLilyattheairport？A.Herdad.B.Herfriend.C.Heruncle.8．（1分）Howwastheweatherthismorning？A.Sunny.B.Windy.C.Rainy.9．（1分）Whatistheman？A.Awaiter.B.Asalesman.C.Abusdriver.10．（1分）HowdidGinagotoschooltoday？A.Bytaxi.B.Inhermother'scar.C.Onfoot.三、听长对话，回答问题你将听到2段长对话，每段对话后面设有三个小题，请从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话读两遍。11．（3分）（1）What'sthematterwithTom？A.Hehasafever.B.Hebrokehisleg.C.Hehasaheadache.（2）WhattimedidTomgotobed？A.At3：00.B.At9：00.C.At12：00.（3）WhatshouldTomdonow？A.Takehistemperature.B.Havesomerest.C.Gotoadoctor.12．（3分）（1）WhatwasLindadoingatseven？A.Helpinghermom.B.Answeringthephone.C.Doingherhomework.（2）HowmanytimesdidBobcallLinda？A.1.B.2.C.3.（3）WhydidBobcallLinda？A.Toaskherforhelp.B.Tohelpherdohomework.C.Toaskherout.三、听短文，回答问题你将听到一段短文，短文后面设有四个小题，请从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听短文前，你将有时间阅读各小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。短文读两遍。13．（4分）（1）Whenistheschoolopen？A.FromMondaytoFriday.B.FromTuesdaytoSunday.C.FromMondaytoSunday.（2）WhatlessondoestheschoolhaveonFriday？A.Chinesefoodlesson.B.Westernfoodlesson.C.Dessertlesson.（3）Ifsomeonewantstolearntomakeice﹣cream，whenshouldhecome？A.OnFriday.B.OnSaturday.C.OnSunday.（4）Howcansomeonecontacttheschool？A.E﹣mailthem.B.Callthem.C.Visittheirwebsite.一、阅读理解（共4小题，每小题8分；满分32分）阅读下面语言材料，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。14．（8分）（1）Whatdoestheword"evaporation"meaninChinese？A.蒸发B.凝结C.降雨D.降雪（2）Whatformstheclouds？A.Waterdrops.B.Icecrystals.C.Therain.D.Watervapor.（3）Whathappenswhenacloudholdsenoughwaterdrops？A.Itrains.B.Itgoesintorivers.C.Itsnows.D.Itturnsintowatervapor.（4）Thewaterontheearthcyclesfrom.A.plantstoanimalsB.airtolandC.riverstotheseaD.mountainstothesea15．（8分）It'ssaidthatpeoplestartedfarmingabout11，700yearsago.Butthereisamucholder"farmer"—theants（蚂蚁）.Antsstartedfarmingfungi（菌类）millionsofyearsago.Afteranasteroid（小行星）hitEarth66millionyearsago，manyplantsandanimalsdied.Antsdidn'thaveenoughfood.Theyturnedtofungiforfood.Fungiaretiny（微小的）livingthings.They"getfood"bybreakingdown（分解）deadplantsandanimals.Sotherewasalotoffoodforfungiatthetime.Antsstartedfarmingfungiintheirnests（巢）.Theyfedthefungideadleavessothatthefungicouldgrow.Thentheyatethefungi.Today，someantsstilldofungifarming.Scientistsfindaround250kindsofantsthroughoutAmericabuildfungigardens.Theantsweed（除草）andwaterthegardens.Theyalsokeepbadthingsawayfromthefungisothattheycangrowbetter.（1）Accordingtothestudy，whendidsomeantsstarteatingfungi？A.1，000yearsago.B.1，700yearsago.C.11，700yearsago.D.66millionyearsago.（2）Howdofungi"getfood"？A.Byfarmingants.B.Bygrowingnewplants.C.Bybreakingdowndeadthings.D.Bybuildingnestsontheground.（3）Wheredidsomeantsfarmfungi？A.Onsmallasteroids.B.Intheirhomes.C.Intheforest.D.Underthewater.（4）Whatdoantsdotoprotecttheirfungigardens？A.Theygrowgrassinthegardens.B.Theybuildwallsaroundthegardens.C.Theykeepthegardensunderthewater.D.Theystopbadthingsfromgettingclosetothegardens.16．（8分）Canyouseethingsfarawayclearly？Nearsighted（近视的）peoplecan't.Anewstudyfoundmorethanathirdofchildrenaroundtheworldwerenearsightedin2023.Thestudylookedatchildrenin50countriesandregions（地区）.EastAsiahadthehighestrate（比率）ofnearsightedchildren，morethantwicetherateofwhitechildren.Japantoppedthelist.InJapan，86percentofchildrenwerenearsighted.ThismaybebecauseEastAsiankidsoftenstartstudyingwhentheyaretwoorthreeyearsold.Thisisearlierthankidsinotherplaces.Atthisyoungage，theireyesandbrainsarestillgrowing.Itisareallyimportanttimefortheireyes.Tostopbecomingnearsighted，kidsshouldplayoutsidemoreandspendlesstimeonscreenslikephonesandcomputers.Theyshouldalsotakeabreakfromscreensevery20minutesbylookingatsomethingelse.Thishelpsrelaxtheeyes.（1）Accordingtoanewstudy，howmanychildrenaroundtheworldwerenearsightedin2023？A.Lessthan3%.B.Over33%.C.Morethan50%.D.About86%.（2）Whichcountryhadthehighestrateofnearsightedchildren？A.China.B.SouthKorea.C.Japan.D.India.（3）WhymightchildreninEastAsiahavethehighestrateofnearsightedness？A.Theystartstudyingearlier.B.Theirbrainsgrowmoreslowly.C.Theyeattoomuchjunkfood.D.Theywatchtoomuchtelevision.（4）Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout？A.Whychildrenbecomenearsighted.B.WhatchildreninEastAsialiketodomost.C.Whybeingnearsightedcanbeabigproblem.D.Whatchildrencandotostopbecomingnearsighted.17．（8分）Whenwethinkofinventors，weoftenpictureoldmeninwhitelabcoatswithgraybeards（胡须）andexperimentaltools（实验器材）.However，youmightbesurprisedtolearnthatmanyoftheinventionsthatchangedtheworldwerecreatedbyyoungpeople.Inthefollowingpassage，wewillintroducesomeyoungyetgreatinventors.Onedayin1873，15﹣year﹣oldChesterGreenwoodwasskating.Naturally，asoftenhappensduringwinterplay，hisearsgotcold.Chesterhadacleveridea：heaskedhisgrandmatosew（缝）somepiecesoffur（皮毛）ontoawireloop（金属环）thathehadmade.Hisdesignworkedwell，andearmuffs（耳罩）wereborn.AnotheryounginventorwasLouisBraille，whowasblindinbotheyes.In1819，Brailleattendedoneoftheworld'sfirstschoolsforblindchildren.There，helearnedtoreadbutitwasstillhardforhimtowrite.Braillewantedabetterwaytocommunicatewithhisclassmatesandhealsowantedtowritefreely.Sohetaughthimselfnight﹣writingandmadeafewchangestoit.Bythetimeheturned15，hehadcreatedBraille（盲文）.Anothercoolkidwhochangedtheworldwas11﹣year﹣oldFrankEpperson.Onenightin1905，Frankwasrelaxingonhisporch（门廊）.Hewenttobedandforgothisdrinkoutside.Whenhewokeupthenextmorning，youngFrankrealizedthathehadcreatedtheworld'sfirstPopsicle（冰棒）.Frank'sideawassosuccessfulthatmanypeoplestillcallanyfrozensnackaPopsicle.MargaretE.Knightisanotheryoungpersonwhobecameasmall﹣townhero.Shecreatedherfirstlife﹣savingdevice（装置）attheageof12.Herbrothersworkedinalocalfactory.Onedayamachinehadinjuredaworker.Thinkingshecouldmakethemachinesafer，sheinventedalife﹣savingdevicethatwaslaterusedinmanyfactories.Shesavedmanylives.（1）WhatcanwelearnaboutGreenwood'sfirstpairofearmuffs？A.Theywerepartofahat.B.Theywerejustforfun.C.Theyweregiventohisbrothers.D.Theyweremadebyhisgrandmother.（2）Thelife﹣savingdeviceMargaretinvented.A.helpedworkersdotheirjobsbetterB.createdmorejobsC.increasedtheproductionofeachfactoryD.protecttheworkersfromgettinginjured（3）Whichofthefollowingwasinventedbyaccident？A.Braille.B.ThePopsicle.C.Thelife﹣savingdevice.D.Theearmuffs.（4）Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage？A.Younginventors.B.Inventionsbyaccident.C.Talentedchildren.D.Greatestinventions.三、阅读短文，从方框内所给的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，其中有一个多余的选项。18．（8分）IntheUS，greetingsomeoneoftenstartswith"Hi，howareyou？"Thiscanbeconfusing（令人困惑）forpeoplefromothercountries.（1）Infact，peopleintheUSoftenjustwanttobefriendly，evenwiththosetheydon'tknow.Mostpeopleexpectaquickanswerlike"I'mfine，thanks，andyou？"or"I'mgood，thanks!"beforemovingon.Americanculturesencouragepeopletobeopen，positive（积极的）andfriendly.USpeoplemayaskquestionslike："What'sup？"or"What'sgood？"tofriends.Itdoesn'tmean"What'swrong？"Itisjustanotherwayofsayinghello.（2）（3）Ifyouaregreetingsomeoneolderthanyou，it'spolitetousetheirfamilynametoshowrespect.Forexample，youmightsay，"Hello，MrGreen"，oryoumightsay"Hello，sir"，ifyoudon'tknowtheperson'sname.Ifyoumeetfriends，youcoulduse"Hi，mate"and"Alright，buddy".（4）Forexample，peoplemaysay"Wow，Ilikeyourhairtoday"or"Hey，yourdressisverybeautiful".A.Sometimes，friendswillgreeteachotherwithslang（俚语）.B.Theymightthinkthequestionneedsaseriousanswer.C.Itisalsocommontousecompliments（赞美）whenyougreeteachother.D.Peoplegreetdifferentpeopleindifferentways.E.Andpeopleusuallyanswerwith"Notmuch"or"Nothing".二、完形填空（满分10分）阅读短文，理解其大意，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。19．（10分）Florawasplayingwithherpetdog，Stitch.Stitchjumpedup（1）andcaughtherfavouritesweater.Itwassohappythatitmadeseveralholeswithitsteeth.Florawasheartbroken."Ican'tsimply（2）niceclothesjustbecauseofahole，"shethought.Asasweaterdesigner，sheoften（3）herownsweaters，butaftershewasleftwithmanyclotheswithholes，shedecidedtogetanew（4）﹣repairing.Insteadoftryingtomaketherepairas（5）aspossible，shetriedtorepairclotheswithabigfix.Herfirstsweaterwithholeswasfixedwithsunsetsandflyingbirds.IthasnowbecomepartofaspecialshowatamuseumintheUK.Theshowteaches（6）aboutclothingrepairthroughouthistorytothemodernday.Floranow（7）repairingclassesonlineandsharesadvicewithmorethan100，000Internetfollowers.She'spleasedthatrepairingone'sownclothesisbecoming（8）onceagain."Ithasdisappearedforages，butit'sreallyexcitingtoseeit（9），"shesays."Iamverygladthatrepairinghasbecomeanew（10）.Itmakesmepositiveaboutthefuture."（1）A.excitedlyB.angrilyC.calmlyD.secretly（2）A.putonB.takeoutC.handoutD.throwaway（3）A.lostB.madeC.collectedD.washed（4）A.skillB.wordC.lessonD.subject（5）A.cheapB.clearC.specialD.small（6）A.visitorsB.doctorsC.reportersD.engineers（7）A.buysB.joinsC.offersD.takes（8）A.easyB.seriousC.popularD.important（9）A.settingoutB.comingbackC.slowingdownD.movingforward（10）A.toolB.ideaC.productD.fashion三、语篇填空（满分10分）阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。20．（10分）Xi'anisthecapitalcityofShaanxiprovince.Itlies（1）thenorthofChina.Thecity'searlyhistoryisoftenconnectedwithLiuBang，whostartedtheHanDynastyandmadeXi'anhiscapital.He（2）（give）itthenameChang'an.DuringtheTangDynasty，Xi'anachieveditsgreatimportance.KoreaandJapanfollowedXi'an'sexamplein（3）（build）theirancientcapitals.ManythingsfromancienttimescanstillbefoundinXi'antoday.Thecitywall—oneofthefewcitywallsstillleftinChina—isagoodexample.It（4）（go）aroundthecityandisanimportantculturalsite（遗址）.IncentralXi'anthereistheBellTower—the（5）（large）belltowerremaininginChina.Thebellwasfirstdesignedasanemergencyalarm（警钟）towarnofdanger，（6）itwasveryoftenusedtotellpeoplethetime.WhileXi'anisacity（7）alonghistory，itisalsoverymuchapartofthemodernworld.Itisbest（8）（know）asacenterforsoftware（软件）research，developmentandservices.Historically，Xi'anhasalwaysbeenacityofart，industryandbusinessthathaveplaceditfarinfrontofmanyother（9）（city）.Xi'anisacityalwaysremaking（10）（it），lookingforwardandkeepingthebestofthepast.四、阅读与表达（满分10分）阅读短文，然后根据内容回答问题。21．（10分）Today，somethinghappenedthatmadeRyanextremelyangry.Duringagroupdiscussion，Michaelnotonlyinterrupted（打断）hisspeechonpurposebutalsocalledhisideastupidinfrontoftheirclassmates.Ryantriedtodefend（为……辩解）himself，butthenMichaelencouragedtheotherclassmatestolaughathim.Later，Ryanwenttohisbestfriend，Jerry，andangrilytoldhimwhathadhappened.Afterlistening，JerrysuggestedthatRyanwritealettertoMichael."Youcanreallygivehimapieceofyourmind，"Jerrysaid.RyanquicklywroteastronglywordedletterandthenshowedittoJerry."Right，right，"Jerrysaidloudly."ThisisexactlywhatIwant.Givehimagoodscolding（责骂）.Youwroteitreallywell，Ryan."ButwhenRyanwasabouttoputtheletterintoanenvelope（信封），Jerrystoppedhimandasked，"Whatareyougoingtodowithit？""Sendit，"Ryanreplied，confused（困惑）."Don'tbesilly，"Jerrysaid，"Youcan'tsendthisletter.Throwitontothestove（炉子）.That'swhatIdowithlettersIwritewhenI'mangry.Thisletteriswell﹣written.Writingithelpedyouletoutyouranger，right？Nowyoufeelbetter，don'tyou？Soburnitandthenwriteasecondletter."Whenpeopleareangry，theirwordsandactionscanlosetheirsenses（理智）.Theflame（火焰）ofangercannotonlyburnothersbutalsoburnoneself.So，whenyouareburningwithanger，takeadeepbreath.Controlyourfeelingsandthinkaboutyouractionstoavoidterribleconsequences（后果）!（1）WhywasRyansoangrywithMichael？（2）WhatdidJerryadviseRyantodoatfirst？（3）HowmayRyandealwiththeletterintheend？（4）Howdoyoucontrolanger？Write30wordsormore.五、书面表达（满分20分）22．（20分）假设你是李辉。学校上周五开展了实践活动，带领同学们参观了雷锋纪念馆。你的笔友Mike对此次活动很感兴趣。请你用英语给他写一封信，谈谈活动过程以及你的感想。提示词：（1）雷锋纪念馆TheLeiFengMemorialHall（2）中国人民解放军PLA（3）军人soldier注意：（1）词数80～100，开头结尾已给出，不计入总词数；（2）可适当增加细节以使行文连贯；（3）信中不能出现真实姓名及学校名称。DearMike，I'mgladthatyou'reinterestedinourschoolstudytourlastFriday.Yours，LiHui

2025年辽宁省抚顺市望花区中考英语二模试卷参考答案与试题解析一、（共5分，每小题1分）情景应答你将听到5个句子，每个句子后面设有一个小题，请从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每个句子后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每个句子读一遍。1．（1分）A.TheSmiths.B.Aschoolbag.C.Elephants.【解答】略2．（1分）A.Intwodays.B.3kilometersaway.C.About12kilograms.【解答】略3．（1分）A.Atalentedteenager.B.Abeautifulmodelplane.C.Anancientcountry.【解答】略4．（1分）A.She'salittleupset.B.It'sinteresting.C.Onthewayhome.【解答】略5．（1分）A.Aheavyrainstorm.B.Blackandwhite.C.Harbin，China.【解答】略二、（共15分，每小题1分）听短对话，回答问题你将听到5段对话，每段对话后面设有一个小题，请从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读一遍。6．（1分）Whatdoesthewomanwanttohave？A.Abowlofbeefnoodles.B.Acupofcoffee.C.Apairofshoes.【解答】略7．（1分）WhowillmeetLilyattheairport？A.Herdad.B.Herfriend.C.Heruncle.【解答】略8．（1分）Howwastheweatherthismorning？A.Sunny.B.Windy.C.Rainy.【解答】略9．（1分）Whatistheman？A.Awaiter.B.Asalesman.C.Abusdriver.【解答】略10．（1分）HowdidGinagotoschooltoday？A.Bytaxi.B.Inhermother'scar.C.Onfoot.【解答】略三、听长对话，回答问题你将听到2段长对话，每段对话后面设有三个小题，请从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话读两遍。11．（3分）（1）What'sthematterwithTom？A.Hehasafever.B.Hebrokehisleg.C.Hehasaheadache.（2）WhattimedidTomgotobed？A.At3：00.B.At9：00.C.At12：00.（3）WhatshouldTomdonow？A.Takehistemperature.B.Havesomerest.C.Gotoadoctor.【解答】略12．（3分）（1）WhatwasLindadoingatseven？A.Helpinghermom.B.Answeringthephone.C.Doingherhomework.（2）HowmanytimesdidBobcallLinda？A.1.B.2.C.3.（3）WhydidBobcallLinda？A.Toaskherforhelp.B.Tohelpherdohomework.C.Toaskherout.【解答】略三、听短文，回答问题你将听到一段短文，短文后面设有四个小题，请从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听短文前，你将有时间阅读各小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。短文读两遍。13．（4分）（1）Whenistheschoolopen？A.FromMondaytoFriday.B.FromTuesdaytoSunday.C.FromMondaytoSunday.（2）WhatlessondoestheschoolhaveonFriday？A.Chinesefoodlesson.B.Westernfoodlesson.C.Dessertlesson.（3）Ifsomeonewantstolearntomakeice﹣cream，whenshouldhecome？A.OnFriday.B.OnSaturday.C.OnSunday.（4）Howcansomeonecontacttheschool？A.E﹣mailthem.B.Callthem.C.Visittheirwebsite.【解答】略一、阅读理解（共4小题，每小题8分；满分32分）阅读下面语言材料，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。14．（8分）（1）Whatdoestheword"evaporation"meaninChinese？AA.蒸发B.凝结C.降雨D.降雪（2）Whatformstheclouds？DA.Waterdrops.B.Icecrystals.C.Therain.D.Watervapor.（3）Whathappenswhenacloudholdsenoughwaterdrops？AA.Itrains.B.Itgoesintorivers.C.Itsnows.D.Itturnsintowatervapor.（4）ThewaterontheearthcyclesfromB.A.plantstoanimalsB.airtolandC.riverstotheseaD.mountainstothesea【解答】（1）词义猜测题。根据图中"Evaporation|Thesunheatsthewater，turningitintowatervapor."（|太阳加热了水，使它变成水蒸气。）可知，太阳加热水，使其变成水蒸气，这一过程是"蒸发"；据此可以推断，"evaporation"意为"蒸发"。故选A。（2）细节理解题。根据图中"Condensation|Watervaporintheskyformstheclouds."（凝结|天上的水蒸气形成云。）可知，天空中的水蒸气形成了云，所以形成云的是水蒸气。故选D。（3）细节理解题。根据图中"Precipitation|Whenacloudholdsenoughwaterdropsorice﹣crystals，itmakesrainorsnow."（降水|当云中积累了足够的水滴或冰晶时，就会形成雨或雪。）可知，当云中有足够的水滴时，就会下雨。故选A。（4）推理判断题。整个水循环过程是水先通过蒸发从地面（海洋、河流等）变成水蒸气进入空气中，然后水蒸气在天空中凝结成云，经过降水又回到陆地（河流等），最终回到海洋，所以水是在空气和陆地之间循环的。故选B。15．（8分）It'ssaidthatpeoplestartedfarmingabout11，700yearsago.Butthereisamucholder"farmer"—theants（蚂蚁）.Antsstartedfarmingfungi（菌类）millionsofyearsago.Afteranasteroid（小行星）hitEarth66millionyearsago，manyplantsandanimalsdied.Antsdidn'thaveenoughfood.Theyturnedtofungiforfood.Fungiaretiny（微小的）livingthings.They"getfood"bybreakingdown（分解）deadplantsandanimals.Sotherewasalotoffoodforfungiatthetime.Antsstartedfarmingfungiintheirnests（巢）.Theyfedthefungideadleavessothatthefungicouldgrow.Thentheyatethefungi.Today，someantsstilldofungifarming.Scientistsfindaround250kindsofantsthroughoutAmericabuildfungigardens.Theantsweed（除草）andwaterthegardens.Theyalsokeepbadthingsawayfromthefungisothattheycangrowbetter.（1）Accordingtothestudy，whendidsomeantsstarteatingfungi？DA.1，000yearsago.B.1，700yearsago.C.11，700yearsago.D.66millionyearsago.（2）Howdofungi"getfood"？CA.Byfarmingants.B.Bygrowingnewplants.C.Bybreakingdowndeadthings.D.Bybuildingnestsontheground.（3）Wheredidsomeantsfarmfungi？BA.Onsmallasteroids.B.Intheirhomes.C.Intheforest.D.Underthewater.（4）Whatdoantsdotoprotecttheirfungigardens？DA.Theygrowgrassinthegardens.B.Theybuildwallsaroundthegardens.C.Theykeepthegardensunderthewater.D.Theystopbadthingsfromgettingclosetothegardens.【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段Antsdidn'thaveenoughfood.Theyturnedtofungiforfood.（蚂蚁没有足够的食物。他们转向真菌作为食物。）以及AfteranasteroidhitEarth66millionyearsago，manyplantsandanimalsdied.（6600万年前，一颗小行星撞击地球后，许多动植物死亡。）可知，大约在6600万年前，蚂蚁开始吃真菌。故选D。（2）细节理解题。根据第三段Fungiaretinylivingthings.They"getfood"bybreakingdowndeadplantsandanimals.（真菌是微小的生物。它们通过分解死去的动植物来"获取食物"。）可知，真菌通过分解死亡的东西来获取食物。故选C。（3）细节理解题。根据第四段Antsstartedfarmingfungiintheirnests.（蚂蚁开始在巢穴中种植真菌。）可知，蚂蚁在它们的家里种植真菌。故选B。（4）细节理解题。根据最后一段Theyalsokeepbadthingsawayfromthefungisothattheycangrowbetter.（它们还能让坏东西远离真菌，这样它们才能更好地生长。）可知，蚂蚁阻止坏东西靠近它们的真菌花园，以保护它们。故选D。16．（8分）Canyouseethingsfarawayclearly？Nearsighted（近视的）peoplecan't.Anewstudyfoundmorethanathirdofchildrenaroundtheworldwerenearsightedin2023.Thestudylookedatchildrenin50countriesandregions（地区）.EastAsiahadthehighestrate（比率）ofnearsightedchildren，morethantwicetherateofwhitechildren.Japantoppedthelist.InJapan，86percentofchildrenwerenearsighted.ThismaybebecauseEastAsiankidsoftenstartstudyingwhentheyaretwoorthreeyearsold.Thisisearlierthankidsinotherplaces.Atthisyoungage，theireyesandbrainsarestillgrowing.Itisareallyimportanttimefortheireyes.Tostopbecomingnearsighted，kidsshouldplayoutsidemoreandspendlesstimeonscreenslikephonesandcomputers.Theyshouldalsotakeabreakfromscreensevery20minutesbylookingatsomethingelse.Thishelpsrelaxtheeyes.（1）Accordingtoanewstudy，howmanychildrenaroundtheworldwerenearsightedin2023？BA.Lessthan3%.B.Over33%.C.Morethan50%.D.About86%.（2）Whichcountryhadthehighestrateofnearsightedchildren？CA.China.B.SouthKorea.C.Japan.D.India.（3）WhymightchildreninEastAsiahavethehighestrateofnearsightedness？AA.Theystartstudyingearlier.B.Theirbrainsgrowmoreslowly.C.Theyeattoomuchjunkfood.D.Theywatchtoomuchtelevision.（4）Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout？DA.Whychildrenbecomenearsighted.B.WhatchildreninEastAsialiketodomost.C.Whybeingnearsightedcanbeabigproblem.D.Whatchildrencandotostopbecomingnearsighted.【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据文章第一段Anewstudyfoundmorethanathirdofchildrenaroundtheworldwerenearsightedin2023.（一项新的研究发现，2023年，全球超过三分之一的儿童近视。）可知，2023年全世界超过33%的儿童近视。故选B。（2）细节理解题。根据文章第二段EastAsiahadthehighestrate（比率）ofnearsightedchildren，morethantwicetherateofwhitechildren.Japantoppedthelist.（东亚近视儿童的比例最高，是白人儿童的两倍多。日本位居榜首。）可知，日本儿童近视率最高。故选C。（3）细节理解题。根据文章第三段ThismaybebecauseEastAsiankidsoftenstartstudyingwhentheyaretwoorthreeyearsold.Thisisearlierthankidsinotherplaces.（这可能是因为东亚孩子通常在两三岁时就开始学习。这比其他地方的孩子要早。）可知，东亚儿童近视率最高可能是因为他们开始学习的时间更早。故选A。（4）段落大意题。根据文章最后一段Tostopbecomingnearsighted，kidsshouldplayoutsidemoreandspendlesstimeonscreenslikephonesandcomputers.Theyshouldalsotakeabreakfromscreensevery20minutesbylookingatsomethingelse.Thishelpsrelaxtheeyes.（为了防止近视，孩子们应该多出去玩，少花时间在手机和电脑等屏幕上。他们还应该每20分钟从屏幕上休息一下，看看其他东西。这有助于放松眼睛。）可知，本段主要讲述了孩子们可以做些什么来防止近视。故选D。17．（8分）Whenwethinkofinventors，weoftenpictureoldmeninwhitelabcoatswithgraybeards（胡须）andexperimentaltools（实验器材）.However，youmightbesurprisedtolearnthatmanyoftheinventionsthatchangedtheworldwerecreatedbyyoungpeople.Inthefollowingpassage，wewillintroducesomeyoungyetgreatinventors.Onedayin1873，15﹣year﹣oldChesterGreenwoodwasskating.Naturally，asoftenhappensduringwinterplay，hisearsgotcold.Chesterhadacleveridea：heaskedhisgrandmatosew（缝）somepiecesoffur（皮毛）ontoawireloop（金属环）thathehadmade.Hisdesignworkedwell，andearmuffs（耳罩）wereborn.AnotheryounginventorwasLouisBraille，whowasblindinbotheyes.In1819，Brailleattendedoneoftheworld'sfirstschoolsforblindchildren.There，helearnedtoreadbutitwasstillhardforhimtowrite.Braillewantedabetterwaytocommunicatewithhisclassmatesandhealsowantedtowritefreely.Sohetaughthimselfnight﹣writingandmadeafewchangestoit.Bythetimeheturned15，hehadcreatedBraille（盲文）.Anothercoolkidwhochangedtheworldwas11﹣year﹣oldFrankEpperson.Onenightin1905，Frankwasrelaxingonhisporch（门廊）.Hewenttobedandforgothisdrinkoutside.Whenhewokeupthenextmorning，youngFrankrealizedthathehadcreatedtheworld'sfirstPopsicle（冰棒）.Frank'sideawassosuccessfulthatmanypeoplestillcallanyfrozensnackaPopsicle.MargaretE.Knightisanotheryoungpersonwhobecameasmall﹣townhero.Shecreatedherfirstlife﹣savingdevice（装置）attheageof12.Herbrothersworkedinalocalfactory.Onedayamachinehadinjuredaworker.Thinkingshecouldmakethemachinesafer，sheinventedalife﹣savingdevicethatwaslaterusedinmanyfactories.Shesavedmanylives.（1）WhatcanwelearnaboutGreenwood'sfirstpairofearmuffs？DA.Theywerepartofahat.B.Theywerejustforfun.C.Theyweregiventohisbrothers.D.Theyweremadebyhisgrandmother.（2）Thelife﹣savingdeviceMargaretinventedD.A.helpedworkersdotheirjobsbetterB.createdmorejobsC.increasedtheproductionofeachfactoryD.protecttheworkersfromgettinginjured（3）Whichofthefollowingwasinventedbyaccident？BA.Braille.B.ThePopsicle.C.Thelife﹣savingdevice.D.Theearmuffs.（4）Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage？AA.Younginventors.B.Inventionsbyaccident.C.Talentedchildren.D.Greatestinventions.【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段"Hisdesignworkedwell，andearmuffs（耳罩）wereborn."（他的设计效果很好，耳罩就诞生了。）和第二段"heaskedhisgrandmatosew（缝）somepiecesof..."（让奶奶缝一些）可知，最初的耳罩是由他的祖母制作的。故选D。（2）细节理解题。根据"Sheinventedalife﹣savingdevicethatwaslaterusedinmanyfactories.Shesavedmanylives."（她发明了一种救生装置，后来被许多工厂使用。她挽救了许多生命。）可知，Margaret发明的救生设备是为了保护工人不受伤害。故选D。（3）细节理解题。根据倒数第二段"Whenhewokeupthenextmorning，youngFrankrealizedthathehadcreatedtheworld'sfirstPopsicle（冰棒）."（第二天早上醒来时，年轻的弗兰克意识到他已经创造了世界上第一根冰棒。）可知，冰棒是无意中发明的。故选B。（4）标题归纳题。根据第一段"wewillintroducesomeyoungyetgreatinventors"（我们将介绍一些年轻但伟大的发明家。）以及下文介绍的年轻发明者事例可知，文章的中心思想是介绍年轻的发明者。故选A。三、阅读短文，从方框内所给的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，其中有一个多余的选项。18．（8分）IntheUS，greetingsomeoneoftenstartswith"Hi，howareyou？"Thiscanbeconfusing（令人困惑）forpeoplefromothercountries.（1）BInfact，peopleintheUSoftenjustwanttobefriendly，evenwiththosetheydon'tknow.Mostpeopleexpectaquickanswerlike"I'mfine，thanks，andyou？"or"I'mgood，thanks!"beforemovingon.Americanculturesencouragepeopletobeopen，positive（积极的）andfriendly.USpeoplemayaskquestionslike："What'sup？"or"What'sgood？"tofriends.Itdoesn'tmean"What'swrong？"Itisjustanotherwayofsayinghello.（2）E（3）DIfyouaregreetingsomeoneolderthanyou，it'spolitetousetheirfamilynametoshowrespect.Forexample，youmightsay，"Hello，MrGreen"，oryoumightsay"Hello，sir"，ifyoudon'tknowtheperson'sname.Ifyoumeetfriends，youcoulduse"Hi，mate"and"Alright，buddy".（4）CForexample，peoplemaysay"Wow，Ilikeyourhairtoday"or"Hey，yourdressisverybeautiful".A.Sometimes，friendswillgreeteachotherwithslang（俚语）.B.Theymightthinkthequestionneedsaseriousanswer.C.Itisalsocommontousecompliments（赞美）whenyougreeteachother.D.Peoplegreetdifferentpeopleindifferentways.E.Andpeopleusuallyanswerwith"Notmuch"or"Nothing".【解答】（1）细节推理题。根据上文Thiscanbeconfusingforpeoplefromothercountries.（这可能会让来自其他国家的人感到困惑。）可知，此处需要解释为什么会令人困惑；选项B"他们可能会认为这个问题需要一个认真的回答。"符合语境。故选B。（2）细节推理题。根据上文Itdoesn'tmean"What'swrong？"Itisjustanotherwayofsayinghello.（这并不意味着"怎么了？"这只是打招呼的另一种方式）可知，此处需要继续解释这种打招呼的方式，说明美国人如何回答；选项E"人们通常回答'没什么'或'没什么大不了的'。"符合语境。故选E。（3）细节推理题。根据下文Ifyouaregreetingsomeoneolderthanyou，…（如果你问候比你年长的人，……）和Ifyoumeetfriends，…（如果你遇到朋友，……）可知，分别举例说明了对不同的人（比自己年长的人和朋友）有不同的问候方式，所以这里应介绍美国人在问候不同人时使用的不同方式，总领下文；选项D"人们会以不同的方式问候不同的人。"符合语境。故选D。（4）细节推理题。根据下文Forexample，peoplemaysay"Wow，Ilikeyourhairtoday"or"Hey，yourdressisverybeautiful".（例如，人们可能会说"哇，我今天喜欢你的头发"或"嘿，你的裙子很漂亮"。）可知，举例说明了人们在问候时会使用赞美之词，所以这里应概括人们互相问候时，使用赞美也是很常见的；选项C"当你互相问候时，使用赞美也是很常见的。"符合语境。故选C。二、完形填空（满分10分）阅读短文，理解其大意，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。19．（10分）Florawasplayingwithherpetdog，Stitch.Stitchju