浙江省温州市2025届高三下学3月二模试题 英语 含解析

温州市普通高中2025届高三第二次适应性考试英语试题卷注意事项：1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上,写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)做题时,先将答案标在试卷上,录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题：每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Arecentinjury. B.Afootballmatch. C.Aweekendplan.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Hello,Benjamin.DanandIaregoingforarunSundaymorning.Wouldyouliketojoinus?M:I’dloveto,butIhurtmyanklelastweekendplayingfootballwithcolleagues.2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Atasubwaystation. B.Inanartclassroom. C.Inadepartmentstore.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Ithinkweshouldtakethebluelineinsteadoftheredone.It’susuallyfasterduringthistimeofday.M:Butthebluelinedoesn’tstopatCentralStation,doesit?Ineedtogetoffthere.W:Oh,you’reright.Inthatcase,let’sstickwiththeredline.3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】WhyisthewomangoingtotheNGV?A.Topurchaseapainting. B.Topickuphernephew. C.Tojoininafamilyevent.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:I’mgoingtotheNationalGalleryofVictorianextSaturday.M:TheNGV?W:Yeah,mylittlenephewturnssix,andhelovesart,sothewholefamilyisgoing.M:There’snodenyingitisfunandeducationalforchildren.4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatisthewomanprobablygoingtodonext?A.Talktothelecturer. B.Uploadherrecording. C.Catchuponthelecture.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Hey,howwasthelectureyouattendedyesterday?M:Itwasamazing.Thespeakerwassoengaging,andthetopicwasreallyinsightful.W:Wow,IwishIcouldhavebeenthere.M;Guesswhat?They’regoingtoposttherecordingonline.5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Howdoesthemanfeelnow?A.Stressed. B.Satisfied. C.Disappointed.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Howdidyourexamresultsturnout?M:IthoughtIwouldhardlypassbutallthatstudyingpaidoff.IactuallydidwaybetterthanIexpected.W:See,Itoldyounottostresstoomuch.You’resmarterthanyougiveyourselfcreditfor.第二节(共15小题：每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟；听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】6.Whydoesthewomanlooksoenergetic?A.Shegotherfavoritemusic. B.Shewentforamorningrun. C.Sheplayedwithnewfriends.7.Whatdoesthemanplantodo?A.Tryjogging. B.Findafitnesscoach. C.Downloadsomemusic.【答案】6.B7.A【解析】【原文】M:Youlooklikeyou’vebeenhitbyaburstofenergy.What’sthissecret?W:Ijustgotbackfrommymorningjog.It’slikeahiddentreasureforme.Ifeelsupercharged.M:Jogging?Butit’sfreezingoutside.W:I’vegotthiscoolnewcollectionofmusicthatkeepsmepumped.Plus,I’vegotmyrunningbuddies.M:Runningbuddies,huh?MaybeIshouldfindsomemycouchpotato.Daysareofficiallyover.W:That’sthespirit.You’llloveit.Let’shittheroadtogethersometime.M:Yougotyourselfadeal.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】8.Whatisdiscussedaboutthemovie?A.Theplot. B.Thecharacters. C.Thespecialeffects.9.Whatdoesthemansayaboutthemovie?A.Engaging. B.Moving. C.Educational.10.Whatwillthewomanprobablydothisweekend?A.Visitthepark. B.Watchthemovie. C.Gototherestaurant.【答案】8.C9.A10.B【解析】【原文】W:HiMark,howwasyourweekend?M:Notbad.Iwenttothecinemawithmyfriends.WewatchedanewmoviecalledSpaceAdventure.W:Oh,I'veheardofit.It'ssaidtobereallyexciting.Whatdoyouthink?M:Itwasawesome?Thespecialeffectswereoutofthisworld.Itfeltlikewewereinspaceourselves.W:Thatsoundsfantastic.Ilovemovieslikethat.Theyreallytakeyoutoanotherworld.Bytheway.Whatdidyouguysdoafterthemovie?M:Wedecidedtograbsomedinneratanearbyrestaurant.Wetalkedaboutthemoviethewholetime,becausewewereallstillonahighfromtheexcitement.W:YouguysaresomuchbetterathavingfunthanIam.Ijustendedupatthepark.MaybeI’llheadtothecinemathisweekend.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】11.Whatdidthemanseeonthestreet?A.Adogwearingahat. B.Amanwalkingadog. C.Adogcarryingabaseball.12.Whatisthenewcoffeeshopknownfor?A.Itsspecialdrink. B.Itsuniquelocation. C.Itsdog-friendlysetting.13.Whatdoesthemanplantobringtothecoffeeshop?A.Hishat. B.Hiscamera. C.Hisdog.【答案】11.A12.A13.B【解析】【原文】M:Youwon’tbelievewhathappenedtometoday.IwaswalkingdownthestreetandIsawadogwearingahat.W:That’sfunny.Whatkindofhatwasit?M:Itwasatinybaseballcap.Thedoglookedsoproud,likeitwasreadyforagame.Ialmostlaughedoutloud.W:That’ssocute.IwishIhadseenit,bytheway.Haveyouheardaboutthenewcoffeeshopthatopeneduparoundthecorner?M:No,Ihaven’t.What’ssospecialaboutit.W:TheyhavethisamazingnewdrinkcalledMorningmagic.It’ssupposedtowakeyouupbetterthananycoffeeever.M:Oh,really,Ineedtotrythat.I’vebeenstrugglingtowakeupearlythesedays.W:Yeah,youshould.Maybewecangotogethersometimethisweek.M:Soundslikeaplan.I’llbringmycamerajustincaseIseeanotherdogwearingahat.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】14.Whatisthecompanyworkingon?A.Greenenergy. B.Urbanplanning. C.Digitalinnovation.15.Whatistheman’snewjob?A.Atechdeveloper. B.Aprojectmanager. C.Amarketingdirector.16.Whatdoesthewomanthinkoftheman?A.Capable. B.Flexible. C.Humorous.17.Whatisspecialaboutthenewofficebuilding?A.Itwillbeculture-rich. B.Itwillbeeco-friendly. C.Itwillbeartistic-looking【答案】14.C15.B16.A17.B【解析】【原文】M:Guesswhat?Ijustgotanewjoboffer?W:Oh,wow,that’samazing.Whereisit?M:It’satatechstartupdowntown.They’reworkingonsomereallycoolprojectslikevirtualrealityandartificialintelligence.W:Thatsoundssoexciting.What’sthejobtitle?M:I’llbeaprojectmanager,it’sabitdemanding,butI’msuperexcitedaboutthechallenge.W:I’msureyou’lldogreat.You’vealwaysbeensoorganizedandcaredaboutdetails.M:Thanks.Ireallyhopeso.Bytheway,haveyouheardaboutthenewofficebuildingthey’replanningtobuildneartheriver?W:Yeah,I’veheardaboutit.It’ssupposedtobeahugebuildingwitharooftopgardenandeverything.M:That’sright.It’sgoingtobethegreenestbuildinginthecity.Ican’twaittoseeit.W:Itsoundslikeadreamcometrueforanyonewhocaresabouttheenvironment.Maybewecanvisititonceit’sdone.M:Absolutely,it’llbeagreatplacetoworkandagreatplacetovisit.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】18.Whatisthespeaker?A.Azookeeper. B.Avisitor. C.Aguide.19.Howdidthespeakerdescribethemonkeys?A.Playful. B.Scary. C.Clever.20Whatdoesthespeakercomparepenguinsto?AEnergetickids. B.TikTokcomedians. C.Clumsyballetdancers.【答案】18.B19.A20.C【解析】【原文】Hey,there.Ijustgotbackfromthewildestadventureever.No,notarollercoasterride,butsomethingwaycooler.Iwasatthelocalzoo,andletmetellyou,thoseanimalsaretherealstars.Youknow,Ialwaysthoughtthelionswerejustbig,lazycatswhosleepallday.ButtodayIsawonepacingbackandforth,lookinglikehewasplanningtotakeovertheworld.Andthosemonkeys,forgetit.Theyweremoreenergeticthanabunchofkidsonasugarhigh.Oneofthemeventhrewabananaatme,classic.Butthebestpartwasthepenguinexhibit.Theselittleguysarelikenature’scomedians.Theywalkaroundliketheyhaveinvisiblesuitson,andwhentheyslideontheice,it’slikewatchingaballet,aclumsy,funnyballet.Iswearoneofthemsmiledatme.Imean,whoneedsTikTokwhenyou’vegottheseguysentertainingyouforfree?NexttimeI’mbringingpopcorn,maybethey’lltrademeforsomefish.第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题：每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳答案。ADraganddropyourfiles,ortype,paste,andedittexthere.NaturalReaderisaprofessionaltext-to-speechprogramthatchangesanytext,PDF,image,webpageandphysicalbookintonatural-soundingaudio(音频)featuringthenewestandhighestAIvoicetechnology.Wehavebothfreeandpaidsubscriptionstoourapplicationstomeetdifferentusers’needsondifferentbudgets.FreeuserscanuseanyavailableFreeVoicesunlimitedly,samplePremiumVoicesfor20minutesperday,andPlusVoicesfor5minutesperday.OurPlussubscriptionincludesexclusive(专有的)featuressuchasaccesstoPlusandLLM(LargeLanguageModel)Voices,whichareournewestandmostadvancedvoices.UsingLLMtechnology,youcanevencloneyourownvoiceinminutesandmakeitspeakinover100languages.Youcanalsolistenonthegowithourmobileapp.Byusingyourphone’scamera,youcanscanphysicalbooksandnotesandchangethemintospeech.Offlinelisteningisalsosupported,makingitconvenientfortravelorothersituationswhereinternetaccessislimited.Ifyouareinterestedinusingourvoicesfornon-personalpurposes,suchasYouTubevideos,e-learning,orothercommercialorpublicprojects,pleasecheckoutourNaturalReaderAIVoiceGeneratorwebapplicationformoreinformationandlicensingoptions.OurChromeextensionallowsyoutolistentowebpages,GoogleDocs,onlineKindlebooks,andemailsdirectlyfromyourbrowser.Theextensionsupportsbothfreeandsubscriptionvoices,dependingonyourplan.21.WhatisthemajorfunctionofNaturalReader?A.Createvideos. B.Writeaspeech. C.Generateimages. D.Turntextintoaudio.22.Whatisonlyavailableforpaidsubscription?A.OfflineuseofLLM. B.Automatictexttranslation.C.Efficientvoicecloning. D.Accesstodigitalizedbooks.23.Whatisthetext?A.Asubscriptionplan. B.Aprogramuserguide.C.Ajobadvertisement. D.Amobileappreview.【答案】21.D22.C23.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个名为NaturalReader的应用程序，介绍了其功能以及收费项目。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“NaturalReaderisaprofessionaltext-to-speechprogramthatchangesanytext,PDF,image,webpageandphysicalbookintonatural-soundingaudio(音频)featuringthenewestandhighestAIvoicetechnology.(自然阅读器是一个专业的文本到语音程序，可以将任何文本，PDF，图像，网页和实体书籍转换为自然的声音，具有最新和最高的人工智能语音技术)”可知，自然阅读器的主要功能是将文本转换为音频。故选D。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“OurPlussubscriptionincludesexclusive(专有的)featuressuchasaccesstoPlusandLLM(LargeLanguageModel)Voices,whichareournewestandmostadvancedvoices.UsingLLMtechnology,youcanevencloneyourownvoiceinminutesandmakeitspeakinover100languages.(我们的Plus订阅包括独家功能，例如访问Plus和LLM（大型语言模型）语音，这是我们最新和最先进的语音。使用LLM技术，您甚至可以在几分钟内克隆自己的声音，并使其说100多种语言)”可知，高效的语音克隆只适用于付费订阅。故选C。【23题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“NaturalReaderisaprofessionaltext-to-speechprogramthatchangesanytext,PDF,image,webpageandphysicalbookintonatural-soundingaudio(音频)featuringthenewestandhighestAIvoicetechnology.Wehavebothfreeandpaidsubscriptionstoourapplicationstomeetdifferentusers’needsondifferentbudgets.(自然阅读器是一个专业的文本到语音程序，可以将任何文本，PDF，图像，网页和实体书籍转换为自然的声音，具有最新和最高的人工智能语音技术。我们的应用程序有免费和付费订阅，以满足不同预算的不同用户的需求)”以及文章主要介绍了一个名为NaturalReader的应用程序，介绍了其功能以及收费项目。可知，文章是程序使用指南。故选B。BAftertakinganintroductorycourseinglobalhealthlastwinter,YashaswiBista,presidentofStanfordSupplyHer,wasempoweredtotakeactionagainstmalaria—adiseasethathasbeenclaiminghundredsofthousandsofliveseveryyearforcenturies.StanfordSupplyHer,astudentgroupsupportingwomen’shealththroughart,hostedaneventinpartnershipwithUnitedtoBeatMalaria(UBM)toencouragefundingformalariaprevention,treatmentandresearchinitiativeswhiletablingatWhitePlazalastMonday.“Knowingthatmalariaisespeciallydangeroustopregnantindividualsandchildrenmakesadvocacyformalariafundingandresearchessentialforourmission,”saidBista.“WeintheU.S.needtobeawareoftheimpactofglobalwarmingonmalariabecauselessdevelopedcountriesinotherpartsoftheworldaremoreheavilyaffectedbyouremissions,”Bistasaid.Lastyear,theU.S.experienceditsfirstlocaloutbreaksofmalariasince2003.Infectiousdiseaseexpertshavewarnedthatclimatechangewillspreadmalariaandotherdiseasescarriedbymosquitoestoareasthatwereoncefreeofmalaria.Thissummer,afterdiscoveringtheworkofUBM,aglobalgrassrootscampaignoftheUNFoundation,Bistametwithhercongressional(国会的)representativestoadvocateformalariatreatmentandresearch.Tosupportcontinuedfundingforglobalmalariaprograms,BistawrotetoofficialsinCongress.“It’seasyforpeopletofeelliketheyarepowerlesswithissuesasbigasmalaria.Butanypersoncangiveinputtotheirdecisionmakersonissuesasbigasthese,”wroteMacganCross,asenioradvocateatUBM.“Bysendingmessagestoyourelectedofficialsinsupportofglobalhealthfunding,youaremakingsureyourvoiceisheard.”Bistaencouragedstudentstobecomeinvolvedininitiativesoncampustospreadawarenessofmalariaandotherglobalhealthissues.“Globalhealthisimportanttomebecausetherearesomanyhealthinequities(不平等)aroundtheworldandhealthitselfisimportanttoliveafulfillinglife,”Bistasaid.“Becausetherearesomanyhealthinequitiesaroundtheworld,Iwanttoraiseawarenessandhelppeoplelivefulfillinglives.”24.WhatinspiredBistatoengageinactionsagainstmalaria?A.Alearningexperience. B.Ahealthcrisis. C.Agrassrootscampaign. D.Atablingevent.25.WhatdidBistadotosupportmalariaprevention?A.Sheorganizedacharitysale. B.Shelaunchedaresearchproject.C.Shecampaignedforfundraising. D.Shebudgetedformalariatreatment.26.WhatisthemessageMaeganCrossintendstoconvey?A.Communityvoicessecurehealthfunding.B.Malariaoutbreaksaredifficulttoprevent.C.Thepublicneedsmoreknowledgeabouthealth.D.Individualeffortsmatteringovernmentdecisions.27.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesBista?A.Ahealthadvocate. B.Aclubfounder. C.Awomanpioneer. D.Adiseasespecialist.【答案】24.A25.C26.D27.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了斯坦福大学的一个学生团体StanfordSupplyHer与UnitedtoBeatMalaria合作，在白广场举办活动，鼓励为疟疾的预防、治疗和研究计划提供资金的事情。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Aftertakinganintroductorycourseinglobalhealthlastwinter,YashaswiBista,presidentofStanfordSupplyHer,wasempoweredtotakeactionagainstmalaria—adiseasethathasbeenclaiminghundredsofthousandsofliveseveryyearforcenturies.(去年冬天，斯坦福大学“StanfordSupplyHer”组织的主席YashaswiBista在修完一门全球健康入门课程后，获得了采取行动抗击疟疾的动力。疟疾这种疾病在几个世纪以来，每年都夺走数十万人的生命。)”可知，启发Bista采取行动抗击疟疾的是一次学习经历。故选A。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“StanfordSupplyHer,astudentgroupsupportingwomen’shealththroughart,hostedaneventinpartnershipwithUnitedtoBeatMalaria(UBM)toencouragefundingformalariaprevention,treatmentandresearchinitiativeswhiletablingatWhitePlazalastMonday.(“StanfordSupplyHer”是一个通过艺术来支持女性健康的学生团体。上周一，该团体与“联合抗击疟疾”组织合作，在怀特广场设摊举办了一场活动，旨在鼓励为疟疾的预防、治疗和研究项目提供资金支持。)”可知，Bista所在的组织与“联合抗击疟疾”组织合作举办活动，鼓励为疟疾的预防、治疗和研究项目提供资金支持。由此可知，Bista为支持疟疾预防所做的是为筹款进行宣传活动。故选C。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第四段““It’seasyforpeopletofeelliketheyarepowerlesswithissuesasbigasmalaria.Butanypersoncangiveinputtotheirdecisionmakersonissuesasbigasthese,”wroteMacganCross,asenioradvocateatUBM.“Bysendingmessagestoyourelectedofficialsinsupportofglobalhealthfunding,youaremakingsureyourvoiceisheard.”(“联合抗击疟疾”组织的资深倡导者MacganCross写道：“面对像疟疾这样重大的问题，人们很容易觉得自己无能为力。但在这类重大问题上，任何人都可以向决策者表达自己的意见。通过向你选出的官员发送支持全球卫生事业资金投入的信息，你就能确保自己的声音被听到。”)”可知，MaeganCross认为面对像疟疾这样重大的问题，人们很容易觉得自己无能为力，但实际上任何人都可以就这类重大问题向决策者表达自己的意见，通过向当选官员发送支持全球卫生事业资金投入的信息，就能确保自己的声音被听到。所以MaeganCross想要传达的信息是个人努力在政府决策中很重要。故选D。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，Bista在修完全球健康入门课程后，积极采取行动抗击疟疾。她所在的组织与“联合抗击疟疾”组织合作举办活动，鼓励为疟疾的预防、治疗和研究项目提供资金支持；她会见国会议员，为疟疾的治疗和研究进行呼吁；还写信给国会议员，支持对全球疟疾防治项目持续提供资金，并鼓励学生们参与校园里提高人们对疟疾和其他全球健康问题认识的活动。这些行为都表明她是健康问题尤其是抗击疟疾方面的倡导者。故选A。CAdroppedbagofchipsdisturbedacaveecosysteminCarlsbadCavernsNationalPark,NewMexico.Thiscaveisalmostcutofffromtheoutsideworld,sointroducinganythingforeigncanbeharmful.“Thingsinthedampcavegetwetquickly,”saysparkguideAshley.Thesnackattractstinyorganisms,causingunwantedgrowth.Soon,smallanimalslikecricketsandspiderscametoeat,spreadingthepollution.Rangersfoundthebagwithinhours.“Butthatcanbeallittakes,”saysAshley.“I’msuresomecricketsgotabitofthesnack.”Over500millionpeoplevisitAmericanpubliclandseachyear,creatingmanychancestoharmwildplaces.“Whenyoulookatthenumbers,it’sincredible,”saysWatts,headoftheLeaveNoTraceCenterinColorado,anorganizationaimedatminimizinghumanimpactonnature.Foodwastetakesalongtimetobreakdown,especiallyincertainareas.“Ittakesmuchlongerforanapplecoretorotinadesertthaninaforest,”saysBlye,ateacherattheUniversityofUtah.Leavingwasteintroducesanimalstoanunnaturaldietandchangestheirbehaviorwithsometimesdisastrousresults.Bearswhotastegarbageandbecomeathreattohumansmayhavetobeputdown.“Bearscangetusedtounnaturalfoodinthreeweeks,”saysWatts.“Everyonelosesinthiscase.”Biologicalwasteisalsoproblematic.Dogwastebringsnewbacteriaintotheecosystemandscaresawaydeer.Meanwhile,humanwasteandtoiletpaperintroducesdangerousbacteriaintowatersources.Innationalparks,trails(小路)aredesignedtoavoidsensitiveareas.Steppingoffthetrail,evenforaquickphoto,canscarewildlifeaway.Impactsfrommanyvisitorsresultinlong-termdamagetonatureandwildlife.Butpeopledon’tthinkofthatwhentheyseetheperfectphotoopportunity.“It’sjustsuchahardthingtoresist,”saysBlye.Therisktosensitiveecosystemsisn’tobvious.“It’seasytothink,oh,there’swildflowersoverthere.Ishouldn’tsteponthat,”saysBlye,butthesetinyecosystemsfullofmicroscopicorganismsessentialtodesertlifeprovidemanybenefits,includingreducingtheriskoferosion(侵蚀)andhelpingabsorbrainfall,andcantakehundredsofyearstoreturntoitsoriginalstate.28.WhatdoesAshleymeanby“Butthatcanbeallittakes.”?A.Therangers’workisefficient. B.Thedamagehasbeendone.C.Thecleanuptakesalongtime. D.Thepollutionhasspreadwidely.29.Whatisaresultofforeignwasteinpubliclands?A.Ashiftinanimalbehavior. B.Ashortageoffoodsupplies.C.Adeclineinbacterialspecies. D.Anincreaseinregionalconflicts.30.Whydoesthewritermentionwildflowersinparagraph5?A.Topraisetheirbenefitstodesertlife.B.Tohighlightourdamagetoecosystems.C.Tostresstheirsignificanceforphotography.D.Toshowourunawarenessofnature’ssensitivity.31.Itisconveyedinthispassagethatweshould.A.encouragewildlifeprotection B.leavenotraceinthewildC.promotenationalparktourism D.restoreecologicaldamage【答案】28.B29.A30.D31.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人类活动，特别是游客在自然保护区的不当行为，对自然环境造成的负面影响。【28题详解】词句猜测题。根据文章划线句子上文“AdroppedbagofchipsdisturbedacaveecosysteminCarlsbadCavernsNationalPark,NewMexico.Thiscaveisalmostcutofffromtheoutsideworld,sointroducinganythingforeigncanbeharmful.(在新墨西哥州的卡尔斯巴德洞穴国家公园，一袋掉落的薯片扰乱了洞穴的生态系统。这个洞穴几乎与外界隔绝，所以引入任何外来的东西都可能有害。)”以及“Soon,smallanimalslikecricketsandspiderscametoeat,spreadingthepollution.(很快，像蟋蟀和蜘蛛这样的小动物就跑来觅食，从而扩散了污染。)”可知，一袋薯片掉落在洞穴里，虽然护林员在几小时内就发现了薯片，但是在此之前薯片已经吸引了微小生物，导致了不必要的生物生长，蟋蟀和蜘蛛等小动物也跑来觅食并扩散了污染。所以Ashley说“Butthatcanbeallittakes.”意思是损害已经造成了。故选B。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Leavingwasteintroducesanimalstoanunnaturaldietandchangestheirbehaviorwithsometimesdisastrousresults.Bearswhotastegarbageandbecomeathreattohumansmayhavetobeputdown.“Bearscangetusedtounnaturalfoodinthreeweeks,”“saysWatts.“Everyonelosesinthiscase.”(留下垃圾会让动物接触到非自然的食物，并改变它们的行为，有时甚至会带来灾难性的后果。尝到过垃圾味道并对人类构成威胁的熊可能不得不被安乐死。“熊能在三周内习惯非自然的食物，”Watts.说，“在这种情况下，大家都输了。”)”可知，在公共土地上留下的外来垃圾会让动物接触到非自然的食物，进而改变它们的行为，有时还会带来灾难性的后果，比如尝到垃圾味道的熊会对人类构成威胁。故选A。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““It’sjustsuchahardthingtoresist,“saysBlye.Therisktosensitiveecosystemsisn’tobvious.“It’seasytothink,oh,there’swildflowersoverthere.Ishouldn’tsteponthat,“saysBlye,butthesetinyecosystemsfullofmicroscopicorganismsessentialtodesertlifeprovidemanybenefits,includingreducingtheriskoferosion(侵蚀)andhelpingabsorbrainfall,andcantakehundredsofyearstoreturntoitsoriginalstate.(“这真的很难抗拒，”Blye说。对敏感生态系统造成的风险并不明显。“很容易想到，哦，那边有野花。我不应该踩到它们，”Blye说，但这些充满了对沙漠生命至关重要的微生物的微小生态系统有很多益处，包括降低侵蚀风险和帮助吸收降雨，而且可能需要数百年才能恢复到原来的状态。)”可知，Blye说人们看到拍照机会很难抗拒，对敏感生态系统的风险并不明显。人们很容易想到那边有野花不应该踩到，但这些对沙漠生命至关重要的微小生态系统有很多益处，而且需要数百年才能恢复到原来的状态。所以作者在第五段提到野花是为了表明我们对大自然敏感性的无意识。故选D。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，文章开篇以一袋薯片扰乱洞穴生态系统为例，接着讲述了食物垃圾、生物垃圾等人类在公共土地上留下的废弃物对生态系统的危害，如改变动物行为、引入有害细菌等，还提到游客踏出小径拍照等行为对自然和野生动物造成长期损害，强调了人类活动对自然环境的不良影响。所以文章传达的是我们应该在野外不留下痕迹。故选B。DIntheriskyworldofnucleararmscontrol,PrincetonstudentLepowskyisexploringhowrobotscanmakeinspectionsmoreaccurateandacceptabletohostnationsworriedaboutinvasive(侵入的)traditionalmethods.Hislatestresearchhasledtoarobotperforminginspectionswithoutsavingsensitiveinformation.“Thehostnationlikelywon’twantahumaninspectorpokingtheirnosearound,”saidLepowsky.“Butevenarobothasmemoryandsensorsacquiringdata.”Thegoalistohavehigh-confidenceinspectionswithouttherobotsavinginformation.Forexample,therobotwouldnotsaveradiationmeasurementsorcreatefloorplansofsensitiveareas.Thenewprototype(样机)isbuiltonaniRobotCreate3platform,aneducationalrobot.Robotsofferadvantagesoverhumaninspectors:theycantoleratehigherradiationlevels,aremoreconsistent,andcanbecheaper.Theyalsocanbeprogrammedtogeneratetrust,suchasnotusingcamerastoavoidseeingunwanteddetails.TheideafortherobotstartedwithLepowsky’sadviser,Glaser,whowascuriousaboutcreatinga“forgetfulrobot”thatcouldperformhighlyaccuratenucleararmsinspectionsbutforgeteverythingafterward.Thisledtoanevenmoreinterestingidea:“Ratherthanforgetting,we’renotevenrememberinginthefirstplace,”Lepowskysaid.Hebelievesthisfeaturecanreassurehostsconcernedaboutprivacy.Lepowskylikestheinterdisciplinarynatureofhiswork—drawingonbothhisroboticsandpolicyexpertise—andhelikesthatitrequiresabreadthofknowledge,notjustdepth.Hevaluesthathisresearchisgroundedinreal-lifeapplicationsforglobalsecurityandnuclearnonproliferation(防扩散).Predictingwhentherobotmightbeusedinthefieldisdifficult.“It’seasytosay,today,it’snotveryrealistic,butyouhavetobereadyforifandwhenitbecomespossible,”saidLepowsky.Researchintothisproblemisveryactive.Becausearmscontrolischanging,thespecificobjectivesoffutureagreementsarehardtopredict.“Butwecanhopetheywillbepositive,andweneedtobeready,technically.“32.InwhichaspectisLepowsky’srobotdifferentfromhumaninspectors?A.Datasecurity. B.Memorycapacity. C.Socialacceptance. D.Userfriendliness.33.Whatissaidabouttherobotinparagraph3?A.Itsaccuratesystem. B.Itsprivacyrisks.C.Itsdesignmechanism. D.Itsoperationalproblems.34.WhatdoesLepowskylikeabouthiswork?A.Scientificresearchdata. B.Real-timetechnicalcooperation.C.In-depththeoreticalstudies. D.Integratedknowledgeacrossfields.35.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.Princeton’s“Forgetful”RobotsinGlobalSecurityB.No-MemoryRobots:TheFutureofNuclearChecks?C.NuclearArmsControl:RobotsorHumanInspectors?D.Lepowsky’s“Curious”RobotsforRadiationDetection【答案】32.A33.C34.D35.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了普林斯顿大学的学生Lepowsky在核军备控制领域的研究，特别是他关于如何利用机器人进行更准确且为主办国所接受的核查工作的探索。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段““Thehostnationlikelywon’twantahumaninspectorpokingtheirnosearound,”saidLepowsky.“Butevenarobothasmemoryandsensorsacquiringdata.”Thegoalistohavehigh-confidenceinspectionswithouttherobotsavinginformation.Forexample,therobotwouldnotsaveradiationmeasurementsorcreatefloorplansofsensitiveareas.(Lepowsky说：“东道国很可能不希望人类核查员到处窥探。但即便是机器人也有会采集数据的内存和传感器。”其目标是在机器人不保存信息的情况下进行高可信度的核查。例如，机器人不会保存辐射测量数据，也不会绘制敏感区域的平面图。)”可知，东道国不希望人类核查员到处窥探，而Lepowsky的机器人的目标是在不保存信息，如不保存辐射测量数据、不绘制敏感区域平面图的情况下进行核查。所以Lepowsky的机器人与人类核查员在数据安全方面不同。故选A。【33题详解】主旨大意题。在文章第三段中，首先提到“Thenewprototype(样机)isbuiltonaniRobotCreate3platform,aneducationalrobot.(这款新的样机是基于教育机器人iRobotCreate3平台制造的。)”说明了机器人的样机是基于一个教育机器人平台搭建的。接着阐述“Robotsofferadvantagesoverhumaninspectors:theycantoleratehigherradiationlevels,aremoreconsistent,andcanbecheaper.Theyalsocanbeprogrammedtogeneratetrust,suchasnotusingcamerastoavoidseeingunwanteddetails.(与人类核查员相比，机器人具有一些优势：它们能够承受更高的辐射水平，工作更加稳定一致，而且成本可能更低。它们还可以通过编程来赢得信任，比如不使用摄像头以避免拍摄到不必要的细节。)”介绍了机器人相较于人类核查员的优势，以及为了赢得信任所采用的编程方式，比如不使用摄像头。还提到“TheideafortherobotstartedwithLepowsky’sadviser,Glaser,whowascuriousaboutcreatinga“forgetfulrobot”thatcouldperformhighlyaccuratenucleararmsinspectionsbutforgeteverythingafterward.Thisledtoanevenmoreinterestingidea:“Ratherthanforgetting,we’renotevenrememberinginthefirstplace,”Lepowskysaid.Hebelievesthisfeaturecanreassurehostsconcernedaboutprivacy.(关于这款机器人的想法最初来自Lepowsky的导师Glaser，他对制造一个能够进行高度精确的核武器核查、但事后会忘掉一切的“健忘机器人”很感兴趣。这引出了一个更有意思的想法：“我们不是让它事后忘掉，而是从一开始就不记录任何信息。”Lepowsky说。他认为这一特点可以让那些担心隐私问题的东道国放心。)”讲述了机器人设计理念的起源以及最终确定的“从一开始就不记录信息”这一特色，这些都围绕着机器人的设计机制展开。所以关于第三段中提到的机器人，主要说的是它的设计机制。故选C。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Lepowskylikestheinterdisciplinarynatureofhiswork—drawingonbothhisroboticsandpolicyexpertise—andhelikesthatitrequiresabreadthofknowledge,notjustdepth.Hevaluesthathisresearchisgroundedinreal-lifeapplicationsforglobalsecurityandnuclearnonproliferation(防扩散).(Lepowsky喜欢自己工作的跨学科性质——既利用了他在机器人技术方面的专业知识，也运用了他在政策方面的专长——而且他喜欢这份工作需要广泛的知识，而不仅仅是深度的专业知识。他很看重自己的研究是基于全球安全和核不扩散的现实应用。)”可知，Lepowsky喜欢他工作的跨学科性质，即他的工作需要同时运用到机器人技术和政策方面的专业知识，并且他喜欢这份工作需要广泛的知识，而不仅仅是深度的专业知识。故选D。【35题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，文章主要围绕莱波夫斯基研发的不会保存敏感信息（即没有记忆）的机器人展开，介绍了该机器人在核武器核查领域的研发背景、优势、设计机制等。文中提到这种机器人能够在不保存信息的情况下进行高可信度的核查，解决了东道国对隐私的担忧，并且探讨了虽然目前难以预测其在实际领域的应用时间，但针对该问题的研究很活跃，未来可能在核核查中发挥作用。选项B“No-MemoryRobots:TheFutureofNuclearChecks?(无记忆机器人：核核查的未来？)”既突出了机器人“无记忆”的特点，又点明了其与核核查的关系，并且以疑问的形式引发读者思考，符合文章主旨。故选B。第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Th