江苏省南京市临江高级中学2024-2025学年高二下学期3月月考英语试题

高二年级月考试卷第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inacakeshop.B.Inarestaurant.C.Inahotel.2.Whatwillthemando?A.Uploadhisproposal.B.Workonhistask.C.Checkthewebconnection.3.Howdoesthemansound?A.Annoyed.B.Considerate.C.Confused.4.Howmuchwillthemanpay?A.$300.B.$290.C.$270.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Viewinganapartment.B.Arrangingamove.C.Sellingahouse.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whendidthewomangettoknowabouttheshow?A.Whenshewasreadingatthelibrary.B.Whenshewasvisitingthemuseum.C.Whenshewasgoingdowntown.7.Whichworkofartcaughttheman’sattention?A.Astatue.B.Apainting.C.Abowl.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.WhatwillPaulobeinchargeof?A.Callingtheprinters.B.Preparingfood&drinks.C.Contactingtheconferencehall.9.Whowillberesponsiblefortheinformationdesk?A.Leon.B.Amy.C.Jonah.10.WhywillAmycontactPaulolater?A.Todiscusstheconferenceschedule.B.Toupdatehimonherworkprogress.C.Toconfirmthenumberofattendees.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.WhathousesdidthewomanseeinVietnam?A.Rockhouses.B.Cavehouses.C.Bamboohouses.12.WhydidthehousesinTunisiaappearintheStarWarsfilms?A.Theylookunreal.B.TheyareRomanstyle.C.Theyaremadeofrock.13.WhywasthewomanamazedatthehousesinCappadocia?A.Theywerebuilthigh.B.Theyformed700yearsago.C.Theyarestillusedaspeople’shouses.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.WhyareMax’snaturedocumentariessuccessful?A.Theyareadvertisedaroundtheworld.B.Theyaretailoredtoviewers’tastes.C.Theyaretechnicallyperfect.15.WhatisthemostimportantthingforMaxbeforeafilmtrip?A.Formingaproductionteam.B.Preparinghimselfphysically.C.Studyingthetargetcreatures.16.WhatisthemostdifficultthingoffilmingunderwaterforMax?A.Wildlifeattacks.B.Equipmentdamage.C.Limitedunderwatertime.17.WhatdoesMaxkeepfilming?A.Sharks.B.Whales.C.Dolphins.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.Whatistheadvantageofworkinginabookstore?A.Earningagoodine.B.Learningtorunstores.C.Gainingmunicationskills.19.Whatarestudentsadvisedtodowhenprovidingpetcareservices?A.Startabusinessofficefirst.B.Setalowerpriceatthebeginning.C.Researcheachcustomer’spreference.20.Whatisthespeaker’slastsuggestion?A.Knowingaboutmorefields.B.Workingasanofficeworker.C.Choosingmarketingasamajor.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)ATherearemanypodcasts(播客)thatteachEnglishandyoucanlistentothemanytime.Hereisalistofsomeofthebestpodcaststhatyoumustsee.LearnEnglishPodcastThispodcasthasthreelevels.Thefirstisforbeginners,thesecondisforintermediates(中级学生)andthethirdisforupperintermediates.IfapersonwantstolearnBusinessEnglish,thenepisodesarealsomadeforhim.Everypodcastisshortbutveryinformative.Worksheets(活页练习题)andvocabularytasksarealsoincluded.SpeakingBroadlyThispodcastismadeforadvancedlearners.Explainedthroughdiscussionandinterviews,eachepisodehasnonnativeEnglishspeakersandeveryrecordingalsohasexpertfeedback.YouwillseesomemonmistakesmadebyEnglishlearnersandyoucanimproveyourEnglishbylearningfromthosemistakes.TheEnglishWeSpeakThispodcastairsoneepisodedailyandeveryepisodeisonlythreetofourminutes,whichtalksaboutphrasesandidioms.Therearetwopeopleineachepisodewhomunicatewitheachother.Whateverlevelyouare,youwillfinditrewarding.ElementaryPodcastThispodcastismainlyforbeginnersandintermediatelevellearners.Thelengthofapodcastisaround25minutesbutyoucanpauseitanytimeandcontinuewheneveryouwant.Thehostsofeachepisodearedifferent.1.Whichpodcastprovidesexercisesgoingwithit?A.SpeakingBroadly. B.ElementaryPodcast.C.TheEnglishWeSpeak. D.LearnEnglishPodcast.2.WhatdoweknowaboutSpeakingBroadly?A.Itrecordsjustexpertspeakers. B.Ittargetsbeginners.C.Itpresentssometypicalmistakes. D.Itprovidesfeedbackfromlisteners.3.WhatdoTheEnglishWeSpeakandElementaryPodcasthaveinmon?A.Theyarebothinteractive. B.Theycaterforbeginners.C.Theyhavethesamelength. D.Theysharethesamecontents.【答案】1.D2.C3.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个帮助学习英语的播客。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据“LearnEnglishPodcast”下面的“Worksheets(活页练习题)andvocabularytasksarealsoincluded.(还包括活页练习题和词汇任务。)”可知，LearnEnglishPodcast提供了活页练习题和词汇练习。故选D。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据“SpeakingBroadly”下面的“YouwillseesomemonmistakesmadebyEnglishlearnersandyoucanimproveyourEnglishbylearningfromthosemistakes.(你会看到英语学习者犯的一些常见错误，你可以通过从这些错误中学习来提高你的英语水平。)”可知，该播客提供了英语学习者会常犯的错误。故选C。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据“TheEnglishWeSpeak”下面的“Whateverlevelyouare,youwillfinditrewarding.(无论你是什么水平，你都会发现它是有益的。)”和“ElementaryPodcast”下面的“Thispodcastismainlyforbeginnersandintermediatelevellearners.(该播客主要面向初学者和中级学习者。)”可知，二者都适合初学者。故选B。BWhenIboughtahouseinPortlandfouryearsago,Iimmediatelybegandesigningmydreamgarden,intendingtoremovetheweedsandplantsomevegetablesorlonglastingflowers.Isoondiscovered,however,thatthesoilwasunproductive,clayheavyandlitteredwithstones.Inprevious,muchtiniergardens,I’dfixitwithafewbagsofhighqualitysoilfromthenursery.Replacingthisvastlygreaterquantityofdirtwasneitherpracticalnorfinanciallypossible.Instead,Idecidedtoremediate(补救)whatIalreadyhad.Thechallengebeforemewastorevitalizethesoil.Twocoreprinciplesofmodernagriculturecanguidethisshift:minimizingsoildisturbanceandemphasizingbiodiversity.Inpractice,growingcropsbyturns,prioritizingorganicinputsoverchemicalfertilizers,integratingcrops,treesandlivestock,andshieldingsoilfrombeingwashedawaywithcovercrops,oftenwork.Itriedtoapplysuchmethodsinmygarden.Whereoncetherewasonlygrass,Icreatedapond,arockgarden,awildflowerfieldandraisedbedsforvegetables.Iletplantsgrowanddeposebythemselvesinanaturalway.Ialsointroduceddifferentplantsandreviveditsecologicalmunities.InMay,Idecidedtorelocateafloweringplant.AsIdugtheplantout,allmanneroflifeemerged.Earthwormsswungfromtheroots.Adaddylonglegshurriedforshelter.BelowtheplantIevennoticedthefinewhitelatticeofafungalmycelium.Runningmyfingersthroughthesoil,Iunderstood,moreclearlythaneverbefore,thatItransformedmuchmorethanmyyard—itpletelychangedthewayIthinkaboutsoil.It’snotsimplyasamediumforlife,butasalivingentity(个体)initsownright.Althoughsciencestilllacksanagreeddefinitionoflife,textbookshighlightcriteriawidelyconsideredtodifferentiatethelivingandnonliving.Soilmeetsmanyofthem:Ithasahighlyorganizedstructure.Ithasacapacityforactiveselfpreservation.Itgrows.Itbreathes.Anditcandie.4.Howdidtheauthorusetoimprovethesoil?A.Byaddingrichsoil. B.Bycoveringitwithbags.C.Byremovingtheweeds. D.Byapplyingchemicalfertilizer.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“shielding”inparagraph2probablymean?A.Exposing. B.Separating. C.Sheltering. D.Monitoring.6.Whatisthepurposeofparagraph4?A.Toexplaintheprocessoftransplanting. B.Toillustratethepreventionofinsectattacks.C.Tostressthepetitionofdifferentspecies. D.Tostatetheformationofmultispeciesmunities.7.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheSoulofSoil B.TheVitalityoftheWildC.TheArtofGardening D.TheWhisperofFlowers【答案】4.A5.C6.D7.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者四年前在波特兰买房后打理花园，面对贫瘠土壤，采用现代农业方法改良，最终对土壤有全新认知的过程。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Inprevious,muchtiniergardens,I’dfixitwithafewbagsofhighqualitysoilfromthenursery.(以前，在那些小得多的花园里，我会用从苗圃买来的几袋优质土壤来改良土壤)”可知，作者过去是通过添加优质土壤来改善土壤的，也就是添加肥沃的土壤。故选A项。【5题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Twocoreprinciplesofmodernagriculturecanguidethisshift:minimizingsoildisturbanceandemphasizingbiodiversity.Inpractice,growingcropsbyturns,prioritizingorganicinputsoverchemicalfertilizers,integratingcrops,treesandlivestock(现代农业的两个核心原则可以指导这一转变：尽量减少土壤扰动和强调生物多样性。在实践中，轮流种植作物；优先使用有机肥料而非化肥；将农作物、树木以及家畜进行整合)”和划线词后面“…soilfrombeingwashedawaywithcovercrops(用覆盖作物来……土壤被冲走)”可知，这里说的是一些现代农业的原则及实践方法，提到用覆盖作物来防止土壤被冲走，划线词在此处应是“保护、防护”的意思，与“Sheltering”意思相近。故选C项。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第四段“InMay,Idecidedtorelocateafloweringplant.AsIdugtheplantout,allmanneroflifeemerged.Earthwormsswungfromtheroots.Adaddylonglegshurriedforshelter.BelowtheplantIevennoticedthefinewhitelatticeofafungalmycelium.(五月的时候，我决定移栽一株开花植物。当我把这株植物挖出来时，各种各样的生物都冒了出来。蚯蚓在根部扭动着，一只长脚蜘蛛匆匆寻找藏身之处。在这株植物的下方，我甚至还看到了真菌菌丝体那细密的白色网状结构)”可知，本段描述了作者在移栽开花植物时，看到了蚯蚓、长脚蜘蛛以及真菌菌丝体等各种各样的生物出现，展现了多种生物共存的情况，目的是说明形成了多物种的群落。故选D项。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Thechallengebeforemewastorevitalizethesoil.(摆在我面前的挑战是重振土壤)”和最后一段“Runningmyfingersthroughthesoil,Iunderstood,moreclearlythaneverbefore,thatItransformedmuchmorethanmyyard—itpletelychangedthewayIthinkaboutsoil.It’snotsimplyasamediumforlife,butasalivingentity(个体)initsownright.(我用手指穿过土壤，比以往任何时候都更清楚地意识到，我改变的不仅仅是我的院子——它完全改变了我对土壤的看法。它不仅仅是作为生命的媒介，而且本身就是一个有生命的实体)”可知，文章主要讲述了作者打理花园改造土壤的过程，通过实践对土壤有了新的认识，认为土壤不仅仅是生命的介质，它本身就是一个有生命的个体，强调了土壤的重要性及独特“生命力”，因此，A选项“土壤的灵魂”作为标题最为合适，能够概括文章的主旨。故选A项。CManyancientpopulationsusedinscriptions(铭文)todocumentdifferentpartsoftheirlives.Buttheobjectscontainingsuchinscriptionshavebeendamagedoverthecenturies.Theresearchers,ledbyAlphabet’sAIpanyDeepMind,developedanewAIbasedmethodwhichservesasatechnologicaltooltohelpresearchersrepairmissinginscriptionsandestimatethetrueoriginsoftherecords.TheycalltheirtoolIthaca.Thesystemisthefirstdeepneural(神经的)networkthatcanrestorethemissingtextofdamagedinscriptions.TheresearcherssaidittrainedIthacaonthelargestcollectionofdatacontainingGreekinscriptionsfromthenonprofitPackardHumanitiesInstituteinCalifornia.Feedingthisdataintothesystemisdesignedtohelpthetoolusepastwritingstopredictmissinglettersandwordsindamagedinscriptions.Theresearchersreportedthatinexperimentswithdamagedwritings,Ithacawasabletocorrectlypredictmissinginscriptionelements62%ofthetime.Inaddition,thetoolwas71%correctinidentifyingwheretheinscriptionsfirstcamefrom.Andwhenhistoriansworkontheirown,thesuccessrateforrestoringdamagedinscriptionsisabout25%.ButwhenhumansteamedupwithIthacatoassistintheirwork,thesuccessratejumpedto72%.TheaSommerschieldfromCa’FoscariUniversityofVenicesaidthesystemhadalreadyprovidednewinformationtohelpresearchersreexamineimportantperiodsinGreekhistory.Inonecase,IthacaconfirmednewevidencepresentedbyhistoriansaboutthedatingofaseriesofimportantGreekdecrees(法令).Thedecreeswerefirstthoughttohavebeenwrittenbefore446/445BCE.Butthenewevidencesuggestedadateinthe420sBCE.Ithacapredictedadateof421BCE.ThedatechangemayseemsmallbutithassignificantimplicationsforourunderstandingofthepoliticalhistoryofClassicalAthens.TheteamiscurrentlyworkingonotherversionsofIthacatrainedonotherancientlanguages.DeepMindhaslaunchedafree,interactivetoolbasedonthesystemforusebyresearchers,educators,museumworkersandthepublic.8.WhatisthefunctionofIthaca?A.Restoringandidentifyingdamagedinscriptions.B.Interpretingandprotectinghistoricaldocuments.C.ExploringandtracingtheoriginsofGreekletters.D.CollectingandtranslatingpastwritingsintoEnglish.9.Whatdothenumbersinparagraph3mainlyindicate?A.Theinscriptionsareofgreatvaluetohuman.B.Ithacahelpsresearchersworkmoreeffectively.C.Thedemandforreadingancientrecordsisincreasing.D.Theprocessofrepairingdamagedwritingsisplicated.10.Whydoestheauthormentionthecaseinparagraph4?A.ToshowthelimitationsofIthaca. B.TosupportSommerschield’sstatement.C.ToexplainthehistoryofGreekdecrees. D.Toprovetheimportanceofdatestohistorians.11.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.TheachievementsofGreekhistorians.B.ThedisappearanceofancientGreekculture.C.Arisingtrendofstudyingancientlanguages.D.AnAIsystemforrepairingmissingwritings.【答案】8.A9.B10.B11.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种AI系统，它可以帮助科学家修复和识别受损铭文的文字，了解历史发展。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Theresearchers,ledbyAlphabet’sAIpanyDeepMind,developedanewAIbasedmethodwhichservesasatechnologicaltooltohelpresearchersrepairmissinginscriptionsandestimatethetrueoriginsoftherecords.TheycalltheirtoolIthaca.Thesystemisthefirstdeepneural(神经的)networkthatcanrestorethemissingtextofdamagedinscriptions.(由Alphabet旗下人工智能公司DeepMind领导的研究人员开发了一种新的基于人工智能的方法，作为一种技术工具，帮助研究人员修复缺失的铭文，并判断这些记录的真实来源。他们称他们的工具为Ithaca。该系统是第一个可以恢复受损铭文缺失文本的深度神经网络。)”可知，Ithaca是第一个可以复原受损铭文的缺失文本、识别铭文真实来源的深度神经网络，由此可知，Ithaca的主要作用是修复和识别损坏的铭文。故选A。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Theresearchersreportedthatinexperimentswithdamagedwritings,Ithacawasabletocorrectlypredictmissinginscriptionelements62%ofthetime.Inaddition,thetoolwas71%correctinidentifyingwheretheinscriptionsfirstcamefrom.Andwhenhistoriansworkontheirown,thesuccessrateforrestoringdamagedinscriptionsisabout25%.ButwhenhumansteamedupwithIthacatoassistintheirwork,thesuccessratejumpedto72%.(研究人员报告说，在对损坏的文字进行的实验中，Ithaca能够在62%的时间里正确预测缺失的铭文元素。此外，该工具在识别铭文最初来自何处方面的正确率为71%。当历史学家独自工作时，修复受损铭文的成功率约为25%。但当人类用Ithaca协助他们工作时，成功率跃升至72%。)”可知，历史学家使用了Ithaca协助工作后，复原受损铭文文本的准确率从25%提高到了72%，由此可知，第三段中数字表明Ithaca能帮助研究人员更有效地工作。故选B。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“TheaSommerschieldfromCa’FoscariUniversityofVenicesaidthesystemhadalreadyprovidednewinformationtohelpresearchersreexamineimportantperiodsinGreekhistory.Inonecase,IthacaconfirmednewevidencepresentedbyhistoriansaboutthedatingofaseriesofimportantGreekdecrees(法令).Thedecreeswerefirstthoughttohavebeenwrittenbefore446/445BCE.Butthenewevidencesuggestedadateinthe420sBCE.Ithacapredictedadateof421BCE.ThedatechangemayseemsmallbutithassignificantimplicationsforourunderstandingofthepoliticalhistoryofClassicalAthens.(威尼斯Ca’Foscari大学的TheaSommerschield说，该系统已经提供了新的信息，帮助研究人员重新审视希腊历史上的重要时期。在一个案例中，Ithaca证实了历史学家提出的关于一系列重要希腊法令年代的新证据。这些法令最初被认为是在公元前446/445年之前写成的。但新的证据表明时间在公元前420年。Ithaca预言的日期是公元前421年。日期的变化可能看起来很小，但它对我们理解古典雅典的政治史具有重要意义。)”可知，该段第一句提到，学者Sommerschield说该系统已经提供了新的信息，帮助研究人员重新审视希腊历史上的重要时期，接着就给出了具体的示例来佐证，因此，此段中的案例是为了支持Sommerschield陈述的观点。故选B。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Manyancientpopulationsusedinscriptions(铭文)todocumentdifferentpartsoftheirlives.Buttheobjectscontainingsuchinscriptionshavebeendamagedoverthecenturies.(许多古代居民使用铭文记录他们生活的不同部分。但是，包含这些铭文的物品在几个世纪以来遭到了破坏。)”和第二段“Theresearchers,ledbyAlphabet’sAIpanyDeepMind,developedanewAIbasedmethodwhichservesasatechnologicaltooltohelpresearchersrepairmissinginscriptionsandestimatethetrueoriginsoftherecords.TheycalltheirtoolIthaca.(由Alphabet旗下人工智能公司DeepMind领导的研究人员开发了一种新的基于人工智能的方法，作为一种技术工具，帮助研究人员修复缺失的铭文，并估计记录的真实来源。他们称他们的工具为Ithaca。)”以及下文对Ithaca的具体介绍，可知本文是介绍一种可以帮助科学家修复和识别受损铭文文字的AI系统——Ithaca，D选项“AnAIsystemforrepairingmissingwritings.(一种修复缺失文字的人工智能系统。)”能够概括文章主旨。故选D。DOneofthemostdangerousinsectsyouneedtowatchoutforduringsummerismosquitoes.Butnomatterhowyoutrytoavoidthem,somepeoplenaturallyattractmosquitoesmorethanothers.Oneofthemostimportantfactstorememberisthatmosquitoestrackpeopledownbysmellandbodyodour(气味),accordingtoBartKnols,PhD,abiologistdevotedtothestudyofmosquitoes.Thecarbondioxidepeoplebreatheout,alongwithchemicalsfromtheskin,createsan“odourplume”thatmosquitoescandetectfromuptoalmost100feetaway.“Eachpersongivesoffmorethan300chemicalsfromtheskin,morethan100inbreathingout,”Knolssays.Thespecificmixturesontheskinthatmosquitoesrespondtovarybyspecies.TheyellowfevermosquitoandAsiantigermosquito,forexample,respondwelltolacticacidfromskin.Africanmalariamosquitoesrespondtoamixoffattyacids,accordingtoKnols.Yourindividualmixturesandsmellsdeterminehowmuchofamosquitoattractionyouare,dependingonthemosquitospecies.Themixofchemicalsyouproduceareonlypartlyinyourcontrol.Thesechemicalsdependonyourgeneticmakeup,healthcondition,diet,skinpH,andsoon.“Bacteria(细菌)ontheskinbreakdownthemixturesthatwegiveoffthroughourpores(毛孔),andthesearetheattractivesmells,”Knolssays.“Soitisnotactuallywethatattractmosquitoes,butthebacteriaonourskin.”Althoughthisisaplexandpartlyunderstoodphenomenon,Knolssaysthatwedoallhaveauniquesmell.Therearemanyfolkstoriesaboutwhysomepeoplearemoreorlessattractivetomosquitoes.Somepeoplefalselythinkthebloodtypeisthecause,andothersbelievetakingvitaminBoreatinggarlicmakespeoplelessattractivetomosquitoes—butKnolsnotesthere’snoscientificdatabackingtheseclaims.12.Whatdowelearnfromthesecondparagraph?A.Mosquitoescandetectpeoplewithsmell. B.Nobodycanavoidmosquitoesanyway.C.Apersonbreathesoutover300chemicals. D.Peoplenaturallyattractmosquitoes.13.Whydoestheauthortakeseveralkindsofmosquitoesforexample?A.Topersuadereaderstoprotecttheenvironment.B.Towarnpeopleagainsttouchingmosquitoes.C.Toshowdifferentmosquitoesreacttomixtures.D.Tomakepeoplelookoutforpoisonousmosquitoes.14.WhatdrawsmosquitoesaccordingtoBartKnols?A.Chemicalsinthemouth. B.Mixturespeoplegiveoff.C.Smellsfromthepores. D.Bacteriaontheskin.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.TheScientificReasonYouAreaMosquitoAttractionB.FolkStoriesaboutHowMosquitoesAttackPeopleC.AttitudestowardMosquitoesDifferentPeopleHaveD.WaystoMakePeopleMoreandMoreAttractive【答案】12.A13.C14.D15.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了蚊子追踪人们的嗅觉和体味，人的皮肤会产生很多不同的物质，而不同的蚊子对皮肤的不同物质反应不同。12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段的Oneofthemostimportantfactstorememberisthatmosquitoestrackpeopledownbysmellandbodyodour(气味),accordingtoBartKnols,PhD,abiologistdevotedtothestudyofmosquitoes.据专门研究蚊子的生物学家BartKnols博士说，要记住的最重要的事实之一是蚊子通过气味和体味来追踪人。可知，蚊子可以通过气味探测人。故选A。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段的Thespecificmixturesontheskinthatmosquitoesrespondtovarybyspecies.蚊子对皮肤上的特定混合物有反应，这种混合物因物种而异。可知，下文列举黄热病蚊子和亚洲虎蚊及非洲疟疾蚊子是为了表明不同的蚊子对不同的混合物反应不同。故选C。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段的Knolssays.“Soitisnotactuallywethatattractmosquitoes,butthebacteriaonourskin.”Knols说。“所以实际上吸引蚊子的不是我们自己，而是我们皮肤上的细菌。”可知，吸引蚊子的是皮肤上的细菌。故选D。【15题详解】主旨大意题。文章介绍了蚊子追踪人们的嗅觉和体味，人的皮肤会产生很多不同的物质，而不同的蚊子对皮肤的不同物质反应不同。我们之所以吸引蚊子是因为我们皮肤上的细菌。因此，选项A“你吸引蚊子的科学原因”是本文的最佳标题。故选A。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Forpeoplewhoarenotselfdisciplined,theirlifeisfullofpain,andallpainesfromtheirowninability.____16____Sohowdoyouachieveselfdiscipline?Havecontroloverbody.Selfdisciplinedpeoplewillnotbesobad;thosewhocanloseweightsuccessfullyhavehighrequirementsforthemselves.Healthisthemostimportantfoundationofyourselfdiscipline.____17____Theyworkforonehourandchargeforeighthours,andtheefficiencyisextremelylow.Ifyoudon’thavetimetoexercise,youcanonlyspendtimeseeingadoctoraftertheredlightofyourphysicalcondition.Haveagoodsenseoftime.Themoreselfdisciplinedyouare,themoretimeyou’llhavetomanage.Apreciseschedulecansaveyoualotofunnecessarytimecosts.____18____Thebeautyoftimefrontallowsyoutousemorefreetimetoread,exercise,masteraskill,andseverelysurpassthepersonwhoisstillsleepinginbed.____19____Selfdisciplinedpeoplewillnotbewillingtostayinthefortzonebutwillkeepdevelopingtheirownnewfieldworldwiththementalityofgivingitatry.Choosingeaseandobeyinginstinct(本能)willbringthegameoflifetoadeadend.Andselfdisciplinemaynotalwaysletyouwin.____20____Ifyoudecidethatsufferingiswhatyoudeserve,thenthelightwillunavoidablyetoyouthesameway.A.Haveafeelingoffreshness.B.Butitwillneverletyoulose.C.Keepbreakingpersonalceiling.D.Peoplewhodonotworkoutarelikearedlight.E.Peoplewhodonotexercisearelikeanagingbattery.F.Aselfdisciplinedpersonlivesaparticularlyadvancedandfreelife.G.Inaddition,selfdisciplinedpeoplewillcreatetimeforthemselvesgetupearly.【答案】16.F17.E18.G19.C20.B【解析】【导语】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍自律的方法。【16题详解】根据上文“Forpeoplewhoarenotselfdisciplined,theirlifeisfullofpain,andallpainesfromtheirowninability.(对于不自律的人来说，他们的生活充满了痛苦，所有的痛苦都来自于自己的无能。)”和下文“Sohowdoyouachieveselfdiscipline?(那么你如何做到自律呢？)”可知，文章接下来要阐述自律的方法，所以要有过渡句，引入自律的话题。选项F“一个自律的人过着特别高级和自由的生活。”和上下文意思一致。故选F。【17题详解】根据下文“Theyworkforonehourandchargeforeighthours,andtheefficiencyisextremelylow.Ifyoudon’thavetimetoexercise,youcanonlyspendtimeseeingadoctoraftertheredlightofyourphysicalcondition.(他们工作一小时，充电八小时，效率极低。如果你没有时间锻炼，你只能在身体状况出现红灯后花时间去看医生。)”可知，这里提到不锻炼的情况。选项E“不锻炼的人就像老化的电池。”和下文意思一致。故选E。【18题详解】根据上文“Haveagoodsenseoftime.Themoreselfdisciplinedyouare,themoretimeyou’llhavetomanage.Apreciseschedulecansaveyoualotofunnecessarytimecosts.(有很好的时间感。你越自律，你需要管理的时间就越多。精确的时间表可以为您节省大量不必要的时间成本。)”可知，这一段主要阐述时间管理。选项G“此外，自律的人会为自己创造早起的时间。”和上文意思一致。故选G。【19题详解】根据下文“Selfdisciplinedpeoplewillnotbewillingtostayinthefortzone,butwillkeepdevelopingtheirownnewfieldworldwiththementalityofgivingitatry.(自律的人不会愿意待在舒适区，而是抱着试一试的心态，不断开发自己的新领域。)”可知，这一段介绍自律就需要不断挑战自己。选项C“不断打破个人最高限度。”和下文意思一致。故选C。【20题详解】根据上文“Andselfdisciplinemaynotalwaysletyouwin.(自律未必总能让你获胜。)”和下文“Ifyoudecidethatsufferingiswhatyoudeserve,thenthelightwillunavoidablyetoyouthesameway.(如果你决定苦难是你应得的，那么光明将不可避免地以同样的方式来到你身边。)”可知，这里讲述虽然自律不会让你一直赢，但最终还是会你赢。选项B“但它决不会让你输。”和上下文意思一致。故选B。第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Fourthgrader,SarahHaycox,madeithermissiontorightawrong.Andindoingso,shehasshowntheworldwhatone___21___person,withpassion,cando.Oneday,when____22____byanathleticfieldnearherschool,Sarahnoticedasmall___23___withthenameEdwinT.Prattandtheyear19301969onit.She___24___whohewasandwhathedid.Aftersome___25___,shelearnedthathewasacivilrightsleaderwhohaddonemanygoodthingsto___26___others.Sadly,hewas___27___justbecausesomeonedisagreedwithwhathewasdoing.Feelingthatthesmallmemorialwas___28___bigenoughforamanwhohadsomuch___29___onothers,Sarah____30____todosomething!Therewasanew____31____goingupnearbyforyoungkids.Shefoundoutwhowere____32____thebuildingprojectandaskedthemifitcouldbenamedafterMr.Pratt.Throughgreatefforts,hervisioncametoreality!Almost50yearsafterhisdeath,EdwinPratt’slifeandimpactwillbecelebratedasthenameofthenewschool.MostkidssimplyhadwalkedbythememorialwithoutthinkingaboutwhoMr.Prattwas.ButSarahhadthe____33____tolearnmore,thevisiontoimaginesomethingbetterandthecourageto____34____heridea.Heramazingactionshave____35____manyotheryoungpeoplearoundtheworld.21.A.honest B.young C.clever D.shy22.A.walking B.running C.riding D.driving23.A.museum B.church C.board D.memorial24.A.forgot B.realized C.wondered D.explained25.A.discussion B.research C.practice D.thought26.A.teach B.rescue C.help D.repay27.A.killed B.punished C.blamed D.arrested28.A.rarely B.simply C.merely D.hardly29.A.impact B.impression C.reflection D.dependence30.A.stopped B.decided C.happened D.announced31A.library B.theatre C.school D.hospital32.A.inneedof B.insearchof C.infavourof D.inchargeof33.A.curiosity B.confidence C.chance D.energy34.A.prove B.change C.present D.pursue35.A.astonished B.inspired C.attracted D.protected【答案】21.B22.A23.D24.C25.B26.C27.A28.D29.A30.B31.C32.D33.A34.D35.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了主人公Sarah通过自己的努力，让一个已被人忘记的人权运动领袖，重新被人纪念的故事。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通过这样做，她向世界展示了一个充满激情的年轻人可以做到的事情。A.honest诚实的；B.young年轻的；C.clever聪明的；D.shy含羞的。上文提到“四年级的SarahHaycox”，由此可知应是年轻人。故选B项。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一天，当她走过学校附近的运动场时。A.walking走；B.running跑；C.riding骑行；D.driving开车。根据最后一段第一行“MostkidssimplyhadwalkedbythememorialwithoutthinkingaboutwhoMr.Prattwas”可知，此处她是“走过”运动场。故选A项。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Sarah注意到一个小纪念碑，上面写着EdwinT.Pratt的名字和19301969年的年份。A.museum博物馆；B.church教堂；C.board董事会，木板；D.memorial纪念碑。根据最后一段第一行“MostkidssimplyhadwalkedbythememorialwithoutthinkingaboutwhoMr.Prattwas”可知，此处应是她注意到的一个“小纪念碑”。故选D项。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她想知道他是谁，他做了什么。A.forgot忘记；B.realized意识到；C.wondered想知道；D.explained解释。根据第三段第一句话，她做了一些研究，最后知道了纪念碑主人的身份。故可推知，此处表示她“想知道”。故选C项。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过一番调查，她得知他是一位民权领袖，做过很多帮助他人好事。A.discussion讨论B.research研究，调查；C.practice实践；D.thought思考，认为。依据后面她得知的结果，说明是在“研究，调查”后得知的。故选B项。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：经过一番调查，她得知他是一位民权领袖，做过很多帮助他人的好事。A.teach教学；B.rescue营救，解救；C.help帮助；D.repay回报。根据上文可知，EdwinT.Pratt是一位民权领袖。人们给他树立了纪念碑，由此我们可知，他一定帮助过很多人。故选C项。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：可悲的是，他被杀只是因为有人不同意他的做法。A.killed杀死；B.punished惩罚；C.blamed谴责，惩罚；D.arrested逮捕。划线后提到有人不同意他的做法，所以因此他被杀害。人们对此为他立碑。故选A项。【28题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我觉得这个小小的纪念碑，对于一个对别人有如此大影响的人来说，几乎不够大。A.rarely罕见地；B.simply简单地，仅仅；C.merely紧紧，只不过；D.hardly几乎不，简直不。根据上文可知，EdwinT.Pratt是一位民权领袖，同时他为人民做了很多的事情。因此可知，一个小小的纪念碑是不够的。另外根据后文可知，Sarah觉得纪念碑几乎不够大，所以她找了一个学校来以他命名。故选D项。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我觉得这个小小的纪念碑，对于一个对别人有如此大影响的人来说，几乎不够大。A.impact影响；B.impression印象；C.reflection反射，沉思；D.dependence依赖，依靠。前文提到了作为一位民权领袖，他帮助了很多人。同时Sarah觉得一个小小的纪念碑是不够的，是因为他“影响”了很多人。故选A项。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Sarah决定做点什么!A.stopped停止；B.decided决定；C.happened发生；D.announced宣布。由下文可知Sarah为了纪念这位民权领袖，她找了一所愿意以EdwinT.Pratt命名的学校。因此可