湖北省部分省级示范高中2023-2024学年高二下学期4月期中英语试题

湖北省部分省级示范高中20232024学年下学期高二期中测试英语试卷考试时间：2024年4月29日试卷满分：150分注意事项：1.答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。2.选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。3.非选择题的作答：用黑色签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。4.考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并上交。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.WhatdoesNancyplantodothisweekend?A.Restathome.B.Gohiking.C.Finishherwork.2.Whoisthemantalkingto?A.Hiscoworker.B.Hisbusinesspartner.C.Ahotelclerk.3.Whatdoesthemanwanttowatchnow?A.Amovie.B.Arealityshow.C.Asportsgame.4.Whatwillthemandofirstbeforegoingtocollege?A.Workparttime.B.Goonatrip.C.Visithisfamily.5.Whatseasonisitnow?A.Winter.B.Autumn.C.Summer.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.WhereistheGrandHotel?A.BesidetheCityMuseum.B.Behindarestaurant.C.NexttotheCityBank.7.HowmightthemangettotheGrandHotel?A.Onfoot.B.Bytaxi.C.Bysubway.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Whattimeisitnow?A.9:00a.m.B.11:00a.m.C.2:00a.m.9.Whichinstrumentdidtheman’sfatherteachhim?A.Theviolin.B.Thepiano.C.Theguitar.10.Howdidthewomanfeelaboutplayingthedrums?A.Itwaseasy.B.Itwasappealing.C.Itwasuninteresting.听第8段材料,回答第11至13题。11.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?ASchoolmates.B.Roommates.C.Houseagentandcustomer.12.Whatkindofplacedoesthemanwanttolivein?A.Adormitorywithabalcony.B.Anapartmentwithabalcony.C.Ahousewithayardoragarden.13.Whatpetsdoesthewomanhopetokeep?A.Parrots.B.Cats.C.Dogs.听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。14.Whichofthefollowingistheman’sfavorite?A.Milan.B.Hawaii.C.Rome.15.Whendoestheconversationtakeplace?A.OnMonday.B.OnFriday.C.OnSaturday.16.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?A.Findalocalguide.B.Buyaguidebook.C.Bookthehotelinadvance.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Howmanychimpanzeestriedtoescapefromthemonkeyhouse?A.3.B.4.C.7.18.WhatisSandraWilke?A.Azookeeper.B.Aleader.C.Areporter.19.WhatdidSandraWilkesayabouttheinjuredchimpanzee?A.Itsconditionwasbetterthanexpected.B.Itsarmswerebadlyinjured.C.Itseyeswerebadlyinjured.20.WhathappenedtoazooinSwedeninOctober?A.Azookeeperwasbittenbyachimpanzee.B.Itsstaffgotpunishedfortheescapedanimals.C.Asnakegotawayandcamebackaweeklater.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ATutorWantedTeachakindergartenerhowtoreadonline.BeeavolunteertutorwithLearnToBe!LTBtutorsarededicatedvolunteerswhobelievedeeplyineducationalequity(公平).OurtutorsvolunteertheirtimetomakethelivesofunderservedK12kidsandtheirfamilieseasier,theiropportunitiesgreater,andtheirdreamsbigger.mittotutoringatleast2timesperweekfor3monthsorlonger.SupportyourstudentswithhomeworkhelporusetheresourcesprovidedbyLTBtocreateyourownlessonplansforyourstudent.Visitourwebsitetoapply:TutoradultsinEnglishTheSouthBayLiteracyCouncilisanallvolunteer,nonprofitorganizationdedicatedtoteachingadultstoread,writeandspeakEnglishintheSouthBay,LosAngelesarea.You’dmittomeetingweeklywithyourstudentsonlineorinperson.Weaskvolunteerstomakea9monthmitmentduetothetimeittakestotrainandmatchtutorswithstudents.Visitourwebsitetoapply:TutorforRemovetheBordersBeingatutorforRemovetheBordersisagreatopportunitytogainvolunteerhourswhilelearningabouthowsocioeconomicstatusandlearningdisabilitiescanholdstudentsback.Datesonwhenyoututorwillbeworkedoutbetweenyouandthepersonyouaretutoring.Theminimumnumberofsessions(课时)youhavetotutoristhree.Visitourwebsitetoapply:s://forms.gle/eJ2j8BAWAAeApEQq9TeachonlineSTEMclassesAcrossthecountry,millionsofstudentslacktheresourcestolearnaboutSTEMandputerscience.Ournonprofitorganizationstrivestoprovidethisvitalareaofeducationtounderprivilegedstudentsthroughengaginginonlineclasses.Asavolunteerteacher,youwillearnservicehourswhiledevelopingcriticalmunication,teaching,andleadershipskills.Theseclasssessionswillrunforeightweeks,andhaveatimemitmentofthreehoursperweek.Visitourwebsitetoapply:1.WhoisLearnToBeintendedfor?A.DisadvantagedK12students. B.Studentswithlearningdisabilities.C.GrownupsinterestedinEnglish. D.Informationtechnologymajors.2.Whichprogramismostsuitableforavolunteerwithoutmuchtime?A.Teachakindergartenerhowtoreadonline. B.TutoradultsinEnglish.C.TutorforRemovetheBorders. D.TeachonlineSTEMclasses.3.Whatdothesefourprogramshaveinmon?A.Onlyonlineserviceisoffered.B.Volunteerswilldeveloptheirleadershipskills.C.Volunteerswillacquireservicehours.D.Anyoneinterestedinthevoluntaryjobsneedstosignuponline.【答案】1.A2.C3.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个招聘导师的项目。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第一个项目“OurtutorsvolunteertheirtimetomakethelivesofunderservedK12kidsandtheirfamilieseasier,theiropportunitiesgreater,andtheirdreamsbigger.(我们的导师自愿奉献自己的时间，让缺课的K12孩子和他们的家庭生活得更轻松，他们的机会更大，梦想更大)”可知，LearnToBe的援助对象是资源匮乏身为幼儿园孩子到12年级学生。故选A。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第三个项目中“Datesonwhenyoututorwillbeworkedoutbetweenyouandthepersonyouaretutoring.Theminimumnumberofsessions(课时)youhavetotutoristhree.(你的辅导时间将由你和你要辅导的人确定。辅导的最少次数是三次)”以及其他三个项目的时间跨度从8个星期到9个月不等，可知，对于时间很紧而又有兴趣做志愿教师的人而言，第三个项目最合适，故选C。【3题详解】细节理解题。本文提到了四个志愿项目，每个项目介绍的结尾都提供了一个网址，以供申请做志愿教师的人报名，即这四个项目的共同之处是都需要在网上注册。故选D。BBeforeagethirtyfour,Iwasastayathomemom.Then,thingschangedandIhadtofindajob.Istumbledalongwithlowpayingjobs,stressandselfdoubt.Threeyearslater,whileworkingatamunitycollege,Ibecamefriendswiththepresident’ssecretary.Sheencouragedmetotakeclassesandgetateachingdegree.Iwrestledwiththeideaforseveralmonthsandfinallyenrolledinoneclassthatfall.Tomyamazement,Ilovedschool.Ilovedlearning.So,inthespring,Ienrolledintwoclasseswhileworkingfulltime.Idoubleduponclasses,evengoinginthesummermonths.Iwon’tsayitwaseasy.Istillhadalltheresponsibilityfortwoteenagedaughters,makingmyhouseahome,preparingmeals,planningsocialevents,makingsuretheirhomeworkwasdone,andfindingtimetodomyownhomework.Inoneofmylowmoments,asIquestionedwhethertocontinuewithmyeducation,myfifteenyearolddaughterstrolledintotheroom.“Whatareyoudoing?”sheasked,“TryingtodecideifIwanttopursuemyeducationandgetadegreeornot,”Ireplieddespondently(苦恼地).“Whyareyouwondering?”sheasked.“Well,I’llbefortybythetimeIfinallygetmydegree.”“You’llbefortyanyway,”shesaidmatteroffactly.“Doyouwanttobefortywithadegreeorfortywithoutadegree?”Andthenshewalkedoutoftheroom.Istaredafterherindisbelief.Outofthemouthofbabes!Inthatmoment,mylifechanged.Iwantedtobefortywithacollegedegree!Idon’tknowwhatgotmetothefinishline,butfourmonthsaftermyfortiethbirthday,IwalkedproudlyacrossthestagetoreceivemyBachelor’sinEducation.Threeyearslater,IreceivedmyMaster’sinEnglish.ThatonedecisionImadesomanyyearsagoopeneddoorstonewworldsthatIhadneverdreamedofbefore.Itchangedmylifeinthemostbeautifulway,fillingitwithjoy,happiness,laughterandfun.Andthatmadeallthedifference.4.Whatinspiredtheauthortopursuehereducation?A.Advicefromafriendatwork. B.Adesiretochangehercareerpath.C.Aconversationwiththecollege’spresident. D.Encouragementfromherteenagedaughter.5Whatmadetheauthor’sroadtoherdegreetough?A.Lackofherdaughters’support. B.Alltheoverwhelminghouseholdchores.C.Financialcrisiscausedbylowpayingjobs. D.Demandinglearningtasksrequiredbythecourses.6.Whatmotivatestheauthortocarryonwithhereducation?A.Promotionatwork. B.Thedesireforabetterself.C.Anewfoundloveforlearning. D.Aconversationwithherfriend.7.Whatcanbestdescribetheauthor?A.Ambitiousandcurious. B.Honestandadventurous.C.Diligentanddetermined. D.Courageousandconsiderate.【答案】4.A5.B6.B7.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在37岁去求学，在忙碌的家务与工作中挤出时间学习，在面对低谷时重振精神，最终获得了学士学位乃至硕士学位。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Threeyearslater,whileworkingatamunitycollege,Ibecamefriendswiththepresident’ssecretary.Sheencouragedmetotakeclassesandgetateachingdegree.(三年后，当我在一所社区大学工作时，我和总统的秘书成了朋友。她鼓励我去上课并获得教师学位)”可知，作者在社区学校工作时，成了校长秘书的朋友，后者鼓励作者去上课并读教育学位，故选A。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Idoubleduponclasses,evengoinginthesummermonths.Iwon’tsayitwaseasy.Istillhadalltheresponsibilityfortwoteenagedaughters,makingmyhouseahome,preparingmeals,planningsocialevents,makingsuretheirhomeworkwasdone,andfindingtimetodomyownhomework.(我上了两倍的课，甚至在暑假也去上课。我不会说这很容易。我仍然要承担照顾两个十几岁女儿的所有责任：把家收拾得像个家，准备饭菜，策划社交活动，确保她们完成家庭作业，还要找时间做我自己的家庭作业)”可知，家庭职责和琐碎家务使得作者的求学之路并不轻松，故选B。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段““Whyareyouwondering?”sheasked.“Well,I’llbefortybythetimeIfinallygetmydegree.”“You’llbefortyanyway,”shesaidmatteroffactly.“Doyouwanttobefortywithadegreeorfortywithoutadegree?”Andthenshewalkedoutoftheroom.Istaredafterherindisbelief.Outofthemouthofbabes!Inthatmoment,mylifechanged.Iwantedtobefortywithacollegedegree!(“你为什么苦恼？”她问。“嗯，等我拿到学位的时候我就四十岁了。“反正你都要到四十岁的，”她实事求是地说。“你想在四十岁时有学位还是四十岁时没有学位？”然后她走出了房间。我难以置信地盯着她的背影。从孩子嘴里说出来的！在那一刻，我的生活改变了。我想在四十岁的时候拿到大学学位！)”可推断，希望自己的人生更好促使作者继续她的教育，故选B。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Idon’tknowwhatgotmetothefinishline,butfourmonthsaftermyfortiethbirthday,IwalkedproudlyacrossthestagetoreceivemyBachelor’sinEducation.Threeyearslater,IreceivedmyMaster’sinEnglish.ThatonedecisionImadesomanyyearsagoopeneddoorstonewworldsthatIhadneverdreamedofbefore.Itchangedmylifeinthemostbeautifulway,fillingitwithjoy,happiness,laughterandfun.Andthatmadeallthedifference.(我不知道是什么把我带到了终点线，但在我四十岁生日四个月后，我自豪地走过讲台，接受了我的教育学学士学位。三年后，我获得了英语硕士学位。多年前我所做的一个决定为我打开了通往新世界的大门，这是我以前从未梦想过的。它以最美好的方式改变了我的生活，让我的生活充满了快乐、幸福、笑声和乐趣。这让一切都不一样了)”文章讲述了作者在37岁去求学，在忙碌的家务与工作中挤出时间学习，在面对低谷时重振精神，最终获得了学士学位乃至硕士学位，可见作者是个勤勉，有毅力的人，故选C。CTheScrantonlacefactoryclosedin2002andsatabandonedforabouttwodecades—arelicoftheindustrialPennsylvaniacity’sgoldendays.Today,about1,000peoplehavesaidthey’dliketorent32luxuryapartmentsbuiltinsidethefactory’soriginalwallsfor$950to$3600amonth,saidprojectpropertymanagerMichaelBasalyga,whocollectedsignupsinanonlineregistrationform.Americanswhowouldtraditionallybehomeownershavebeelongtermrenters,includingsomewithnoplanstoeverbuyahome.Rentersarechangingsavingpatterns,generatingnewdevelopments,andinspiringbusinesses.LaceVillageisoneofhundredsofnewrentaldevelopmentsrisinguptoserveawaveofhigherineandolderrentersfloodingintoAmerica’stownsandcitiessearchingforluxurywithoutmitment.“Theyaretryingtocreateamunityfeelwithalltheadvantagesthatewithhomeownership(私房屋主)withouttheburdenofhomeownership,”saysinvestmentsalespresidentTrevorKoskovich.Newsubdivisions(住宅区)fullofsinglefamilyhomesforrent—allbutnonexistentadecadeago—arespringingupfromcoasttocoast.Morerentalsareadvertisingthemselvesaskidandpetfriendlyandpermittingrenterstomakenecessarychangeswithintheirspaces.Theonlydifference:Allthehousesarerented,notowned.“It’snotthatwecan’taffordtobuyahouse;it’sthatwedon’twantto,”saysCouch,whois37andworksinoperationsforaclinic.Theyhadthreedomesticvacationsinthepastyear,andincreasedtheirsavings.Withinetospare,hisfamilyplanstobuynewfurnitureandtorepainttheir12yearolddaughter’sbedroom.Withrentersstayingintheirspaceslonger,theyaremorelikelytospendmoneytransformingthemtomatchtheirtastesandpreferences.Tempaper&Co.,aremovablewallpaperbrand,saystheirwebsitetrafficinthefourthquarterof2023wasmorethandouble2022’s.AtPoplight,whichsellslightequipment,onlinestorevisitsdoubledfromOctober2023toNovember2023.8.WhatcanwelearnabouttheScrantonlacefactory?A.Ithascollectedsignupsforrentalonline. B.Ithadwallsthathadgreatmercialvalues.C.Ithasbeentransformedintoarentalbuilding. D.Itwasinuseforabouttwodecades.9.Whyhavepeoplebeelongtermrenters?A.Becausetheycan’taffordtobuyahouse.B.Becausetheywanttobuynewfurniture.C.Becausetheyplantobuyahousewhentheygetolder.D.Becausetheycanliveinfortwithoutbuyingahouse.10.Whatmighttheunderlinedphrase“springingup”meaninParagraph5?A.Startingtoexist. B.Spreadingquickly.C.Planningtochange. D.Developingrapidly.11.Howdoesthewriterdevelopthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Bylistingopinions. B.Bygivingexamples.C.Bymakingparisons. D.Byquotingprofessionals.【答案】8.C9.D10.A11.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了传统上拥有房屋的美国人变成了长期租房者，租房者正在改变储蓄模式，创造新的发展，并激励企业。解释了这一现象背后的原因。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“TheScrantonlacefactoryclosedin2002andsatabandonedforabouttwodecades—arelicoftheindustrialPennsylvaniacity’sgoldendays.Today,about1,000peoplehavesaidthey’dliketorent32luxuryapartmentsbuiltinsidethefactory’soriginalwallsfor$950to$3600amonth,saidprojectpropertymanagerMichaelBasalyga,whocollectedsignupsinanonlineregistrationform.(斯克兰顿花边厂于2002年关闭，被遗弃了大约20年——这是这座宾夕法尼亚工业城市黄金时代的遗迹。项目物业经理迈克尔·巴萨利加在网上收集了注册表格，他说，如今，大约有1000人表示，他们想以每月950美元到3600美元的价格租用32套建在工厂原有围墙内的豪华公寓)”可知，斯克兰顿花边厂已被改造成出租大楼。故选C。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段““Theyaretryingtocreateamunityfeelwithalltheadvantagesthatewithhomeownership(私房屋主)withouttheburdenofhomeownership,”saysinvestmentsalespresidentTrevorKoskovich.(投资销售总裁特雷弗·科斯科维奇说：“他们正试图创造一种社区感觉，既拥有住房的所有优势，又没有住房的负担。)”可推断，人们会成为长期租房者因为他们不买房子也能过得很舒适。故选D。【10题详解】词义猜测题。根据划线词上文“Newsubdivisions(住宅区)fullofsinglefamilyhomesforrent—allbutnonexistentadecadeago”可知，新的小区里到处都是出租的独户住宅，在过去10年里几乎是不存在的，因而“arespringingupfromcoasttocoast”表明它们现在开始存在了。故划线词意思是“开始存在”，故选A。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段““It’snotthatwecan’taffordtobuyahouse;it’sthatwedon’twantto,”saysCouch,whois37andworksinoperationsforaclinic.(“并不是我们买不起房子；而是我们不想这么做，”37岁库奇说。她在一家诊所做手术)”以及最后一段“Tempaper&Co.,aremovablewallpaperbrand,saystheirwebsitetrafficinthefourthquarterof2023wasmorethandouble2022’s.AtPoplight,whichsellslightequipment,onlinestorevisitsdoubledfromOctober2023toNovember2023.(可移动墙纸品牌Tempaper&Co.表示，他们的网站流量在2023年第四季度是2022年的两倍多。在销售照明设备的polight，从2023年10月到2023年11月，网店访问量翻了一番)”可推知，作者通过举例展开最后两段。故选B。DTheideathatthenormalhumanbodytemperatureisabout37℃wasfirstpresentedbytheGermanphysicianCarlReinholdAugustWunderlichin1851.Sincethen,it’sbeesowidelyacceptedthatitservesasatouchstoneforhealth—adiagnostictoolusedbyphysiciansandparentsasabasicindicatorofwhethersomeoneissickorwell.However,itturnsoutthatthiswellestablishedfactisn’t,infact,correct—or,toputitmoreaccurately,humanbeingshavebeengettingcoolerovertheyears.Recentstudieshaveshownthattemperaturerecordsofgroupsofpeoplehavetendedtorunlowparedtotheacceptednorm(标准),sotheStanfordteam,ledbyJulieParsonnet,MD,professorofmedicineandofhealthresearchandpolicy,decidedtodoamoreindepthstudytoparemodernmeasurementswithhistoricalrecordstotrytoidentifybodytemperaturetrendsand,perhaps,uncoverthereasonwhythiscoolingishappening.Fortheirresearch,theStanfordteamlookedatthreedistinctdatasetsfromtwohistoricalperiods.Aftergoingthrough677,423temperaturemeasurements,theteamfoundthatmenborninthe21stcenturyhadanaveragebodytemperatureof0.6℃lowerthanthatofthosebornintheearly19thcenturywhilemodernwomenshowedanaveragedecreaseof0.03℃paredtothoseborninthe1890s.Astowhythisishappening,theresearcherssaythatthemostlikelymechanismisareductioninthehumanmetabolicrate(代谢率)duetoenvironmentalfactors:Onepossibilityisthatimprovementsinpublichealthover200yearshavereducedtheincidenceofinflammations(炎症),whichpromotemetabolism.Thisbinedwithpeoplelivingmorefortablelivesinmorestableenvironmentsmeansthatthebodydoesn’thavetoworkashardtostaywarm,sotheaveragetemperaturefalls.”Theenvironmentthatwe’relivinginhaschanged,includingthetemperatureinourhomes,ourcontactwithmicroorganisms(微生物)andthefoodthatwehaveaccessto.Allthesethingsmeanthatalthoughweconsiderhumanbeingsasthesameforallofhumanevolution,we’renotthesame.We’reactuallychangingphysiologically,”Parsonnetsaid.12.WhatisCarlReinholdAugustWunderlich’sachievement?A.Hesetupstandardsforhumanhealthservices.B.Hepredictedtrendsinhumanbodytemperature.C.Hefirstusedbodytemperatureasahealthindicator.D.Heproposedthestandardhumanbodytemperature.13.WhatcanwelearnabouttheStanfordteam’sstudy?A.Itshowswomenhavealowerbodytemperaturethanmen.B.Itproveshumanbodytemperaturehasdroppedatafasterrate.C.Itparedhistoricalandcurrenthumanbodytemperaturedata.D.Itsuggestedupdatingthedefinitionoftheaveragebodytemperature.14.Whichofthefollowingisthoughttocausethedecreaseinhumanbodytemperature?A.Theimprovedlivingconditions.B.Thecontactwithothercreatures.C.Thedeclineinphysicallydemandingwork.D.Theadaptationofhumanstoclimatechange.15.Whichonecouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Whatexactlyisnormalhumanbodytemperature?B.Whydoeshumanbodytemperatureneedmeasuring?C.HumanbodytemperaturehasdecreasedovertheyearsD.Humanbodytemperaturechangeswiththeenvironment【答案】12.D13.C14.A15.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，人类的平均标准体温在下降，传统意义上的37℃的标准体温已经不适用于所有人。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Theideathatthenormalhumanbodytemperatureisabout37℃wasfirstpresentedbytheGermanphysicianCarlReinholdAugustWunderlichin1851.(1851年，德国医生CarlReinholdAugustWunderlich首次提出了正常人体温度约为37℃的观点。)”和第二段中的“Recentstudieshaveshownthattemperaturerecordsofgroupsofpeoplehavetendedtorunlowparedtotheacceptednorm(最近的研究表明，与公认的标准相比，人群的体温记录往往较低)”可知，CarlReinholdAugustWunderlich提出人类标准体温大约是37℃。故选D项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Recentstudieshaveshownthattemperaturerecordsofgroupsofpeoplehavetendedtorunlowparedtotheacceptednorm(标准),sotheStanfordteam,ledbyJulieParsonnet,MD,professorofmedicineandofhealthresearchandpolicy,decidedtodoamoreindepthstudytoparemodernmeasurementswithhistoricalrecordstotrytoidentifybodytemperaturetrendsand,perhaps,uncoverthereasonwhythiscoolingishappening.(最近的研究表明，与公认的标准相比，人群的体温记录往往较低，因此，由医学、健康研究与政策教授JulieParsonnet医学博士领导的斯坦福大学团队决定进行一项更深入的研究，将现代测量值与历史记录进行比较，试图确定体温趋势，揭示这种冷却现象发生的原因。)”及第三段关于两个不同历史时期体温的对比可知，该研究团队对比研究了历史和当前的人体体温数据。故选C项。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Onepossibilityisthatimprovementsinpublichealthover200yearshavereducedtheincidenceofinflammations(炎症),whichpromotemetabolism.Thisbinedwithpeoplelivingmorefortablelivesinmorestableenvironmentsmeansthatthebodydoesn’thavetoworkashardtostaywarm,sotheaveragetemperaturefalls.(一种可能性是，200多年来公共卫生的改善降低了炎症的发生率，炎症可以促进新陈代谢。这与人们在更稳定的环境中过着更舒适的生活相结合，意味着身体不必为了保暖而努力工作，因此平均温度会下降。)”可推知，生活条件的改善使人类的标准体温降低。故选A项。【15题详解】主旨大意题。由第一段“Theideathatthenormalhumanbodytemperatureisabout37℃wasfirstpresentedbytheGermanphysicianCarlReinholdAugustWunderlichin1851.Sincethen,it’sbeesowidelyacceptedthatitservesasatouchstoneforhealth—adiagnostictoolusedbyphysiciansandparentsasabasicindicatorofwhethersomeoneissickorwell.However,itturnsoutthatthiswellestablishedfactisn’t,infact,correct—or,toputitmoreaccurately,humanbeingshavebeengettingcoolerovertheyears.(1851年，德国医生CarlReinholdAugustWunderlich首次提出了正常人体温度约为37℃的观点。从那时起，它被广泛接受，成为健康的试金石——医生和父母使用的诊断工具，作为判断某人是否生病或健康的基本指标。然而，事实证明，事实上，这个公认的事实是不正确的——或者，更准确地说，人类多年来一直在变冷。)”以及后文可知，本文介绍了斯坦福大学的一项研究：自19世纪末以来，人类的标准体温有所下降，由此推断，C项Humanbodytemperaturehasdecreasedovertheyears(人体温度多年来一直在下降)为最佳标题。故选C项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Areyouan“Iperson”oran“Eperson”?____16____TheyarepartofapopularpersonalitytestcalledtheMyersBriggsTypeIndicator,orMBTI.Alloftheresultshavefourletters,andthereare16resultsintotal.“I”and“E”referto“introverted”(内向的)and“extroverted”(外向的),respectively.____17____Forexample,whenanintrovertedpersoniswithagroupofintrovertedfriends,theymightbeemoresociallikean“E”person.Accordingtopsychologists,thisideaoftemporarilyswitchingpersonalitiesiscalled“masking”.____18____“Humanbeingswanttofeeltheybelong,andtheymightbeepeoplepleaserstodoso,”wrotetheMasterClasswebsite.UsingtheMBTIresulttoidentifyanddescribesomeone’spersonalityseemsfun.However,Iwenttoofaratonetime.MysisterwasexcitedlymakingadaytodaytravelplanwhenIrememberedfromanarticlethat“P”peopledon’tliketomakeorsticktoplans,soIsaidtoher,“Youdon’tseemlikea‘Pperson’.”“Why?”sheaskedback.“SincewhendoIneedtofollowwhatmypersonalitytesttellsmetodo?”____19____TheMBTIpersonalitytestmayshowsomethingyoudon’tknowaboutyourselfandcanevenbefunicebreakerquestionwhenmeetingnewfriends.Andthat’sallitis—fun.Knowingsomeone’sMBTIresultdoesn’tmeanyoureallyknowthisperson.____20____A.Evenifsomeoneistypicallyquiet,manyonlinediscussionssuggestthatan“I”personcanstillactoutgoingattimes.B.Thesetwopersonalitylabelsinparticulararewidelydiscussedonline.C.ItwasthenthatIrealizedI’dtakentheresulttooseriously.D.Thatishidingyourtruepersonalityinspecificsituations.E.Personalitylabelsalsohelpustotellthedifferencebetweenpeople.F.Butdeepdown,theymostlyenjoybeingsilentandquiet.G.Andthosefourlettersofyoursdon’tdefinewhoyouare.【答案】16.B17.A18.D19.C20.G【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了作者对MBTI人格测试的看法以及一些亲身经历和感悟。【16题详解】根据上文“Areyouan“Iperson”oran“Eperson”?(你是I人还是E人？)”以及后文“TheyarepartofapopularpersonalitytestcalledtheMyersBriggsTypeIndicator,orMBTI.Alloftheresultshavefourletters,andthereare16resultsintotal.“I”and“E”referto“introverted”(内向)and“extroverted”(外向的),respectively.(它们是一种流行的人格测试的一部分，被称为迈尔斯布里格斯类型指标(MBTI)。所有的结果都有四个字母，总共有16个结果。“I”和“E”分别代表“内向”和“外向”)”可知，根据上下文你是“I”人还是“E”人，“I”指的是内向型人格，“E”指的是外向型人格，可知这两种人格标签是网络上广泛讨论的内容，故B选项“这两种性格标签在网上被广泛讨论”符合语境，故选B。【17题详解】根据后文“Forexample,whenanintrovertedpersoniswithagroupofintrovertedfriends,theymightbeemoresociallikean“E”person.(例如，当一个内向的人和一群内向的朋友在一起时，他们可能会变得更像一个“E”型的人)”可知，后文例子表明当一个内向的人跟一群内向的朋友在一起时，他们可能会像外向型的人一样，因此可推断，即使一个人很安静内向，有时一个“I”人也会有外向的一面，故A选项“即使一个人是典型的沉默寡言，许多网上讨论表明，一个“I”型的人有时仍然可以表现得外向”符合语境，故选A。【18题详解】根据上文“Accordingtopsychologists,thisideaoftemporarilyswitchingpersonalitiesiscalled“masking”.(根据心理学家的说法，这种暂时转换个性的想法被称为“伪装”)”可知，本句总结上文，指出“伪装”就是在特定的情况下隐藏自己的真实性格，其中masking对应hiding，故D选项“在特定情况下隐藏你的真实个性”符合语境，故选D。【19题详解】根据上文“UsingtheMBTIresulttoidentifyanddescribesomeone’spersonalityseemsfun.However,Iwenttoofaratonetime.MysisterwasexcitedlymakingadaytodaytravelplanwhenIrememberedfromanarticlethat“P”peopledon’tliketomakeorsticktoplans,soIsaidtoher,“Youdon’tseemlikea‘Pperson’.”“Why?”sheaskedback.“SincewhendoIneedtofollowwhatmypersonalitytesttellsmetodo?”(用MBTI测试的结果来识别和描述一个人的性格似乎很有趣。然而，有一次我走得太远了。我妹妹正在兴奋地制定日常旅行计划，这时我想起了一篇文章，说“P”型的人不喜欢制定或坚持计划，所以我对她说：“你看起来不像“P”型的人。”“为什么？”她反问道。“从什么时候开始我需要按照我的性格测试告诉我的去做”)”可知，上文中的例子表明，作者曾经一度过于相信MBTI的定义和描述，甚至误解姐姐做旅行不像所谓的“P”型人格特点，可知，直到那时作者才发现自己过于在意这个测试结果，故C选项“那时我才意识到我把结果看得太认真了”符合语境，故选C。【20题详解】根据上文“TheMBTIpersonalitytestmayshowsomethingyoudon’tknowaboutyourselfandcanevenbefunicebreakerquestionwhenmeetingnewfriends.Andthat’sallitis—fun.Knowingsomeone’sMBTIresultdoesn’tmeanyoureallyknowthisperson.(MBTI人格测试可能会显示出你对自己不了解的一些东西，甚至可以成为结识新朋友时有趣的破冰问题。这就是一切——有趣。知道某人的MBTI测试结果并不意味着你真的了解这个人)”可知，MBTI人格测试可能会让你更了解自己，在结实新朋友时，我们也可以把它当作一个破冰的话题。但它就是个乐子而已。知道某人的性格测试结果并不意味着你真的了解他/她，由此可知，这四个字母的性格测试结果也并不能定义你是谁，故G选项“你的四个字母并不能定义你是谁”符合语境，故选G。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。OnJuly15,asmallmunityinColoradowitnessedanextraordinaryactofbraveryduringafiercewildfire.FirefighterJohnSmithshouldhavepletedhis____21____hoursearlier,buthisdecisiontostaysavedafamily’shomefromdestruction.Hismotivationcamefromthe____22____toprotecthismunity.Asreportedbylocalnews,Smithwasnearingtheendofhisshiftwhenhenoticedahouseinthepathofthe___23___flames.Withouthesitation,he____24____tothescene,awarethateverysecond____25____.Hequicklyassessedthesituationandrealizedthatwithadditionalassistance,hemightsavethehouse.Hegearedupandgrabbedahose(水龙带),____26____theflameswithintensefocus.Afterhoursofrelentless(不懈的)effort,hemanagedto____27____thefire,preventingitfromspreadingtothenearbyresidentialarea.Oncethedangerhadpassed,thehomeownerswere____28____andcouldn’texpressenough____29____toSmith.Theyknewthattheirhomewouldhavebeenreducedtoasheswithouthis____30____efforts.____31____Smith,heremainedhumbleabouthisheroicactions.“Iwasjustdoingmyjob,”hesaid____32____.Inhisview,itwasnotanachievement,butratheraduty.“Anyoneinmy____33____wouldhavedonethesame,”headded.____34____Smithandthefamilywerestrangersbeforetheincident,theyhavesinceformedastrongbond.Smithmaynothavewonanyofficial____35____,buthisactofselflessnessandcouragewontheheartsoftheentiremunity.21.A.journey B.vacation C.break D.shift22.A.encouragement B.hesitation C.mitment D.inspiration23.A.pressing B.struggling C.advancing D.appearing24.A.rushed B.returned C.retreated D.refunded25.A.valued B.included C.assessed D.counted26.A.pushing B.battling C.playing D.destroying27.A.set B.place C.contain D.gain28.A.overwhelmed B.disappointed C.indifferent D.ungrateful29.A