2025年高考英语写作常考题型全面突破专题10 议论文和说明文（原卷版）

专题10议论文和说明文议论文议论文又叫说理文，是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表意见、提出主张的文体。议论文应该观点明确、论据充分、语言精炼、论证合理、有严密的逻辑性。议论文有三个要素：论点、论据和论证。(2016·四川)某中学生英文报正举办＂TheSeasonILikeBest＂的征文活动，请用英文写一篇短文投稿，内容应包括： 1.你最喜欢的季节； 2.你喜欢该季节的两条理由(如：气候、景色、活动、感受……)。注意： 1.词数100左右； 2.题目已为你写好； 3.行文连贯，语篇完整； 4.文中不得透露个人真实信息。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【思路点拨】议论文(1)——正反观点型1．开头：提出问题；2．主体：陈述不同的观点及其理由；3．结尾：说明自己的观点。议论文(2)——利弊对比型这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状，再对比事物本身的利弊，有时也会单从一个角度(利或弊)出发，最后往往要求考生表明自己的态度(或对事物前景提出预测)。1．说明事物现状；2．事物本身的优缺点(或一方面)；3．你对现状(或前景)的看法。议论文(3)——解决问题型第一段：引出现象，并指出这种现象的后果第二段：提出解决的办法第三段：总结这样做的好处【写作模板】模板一不同观点列举型（选择型）Thereisawidespreadconcernovertheissuethat__作文题目_____.Butitiswellknownthattheopinionconcerningthishottopicvariesfrompersontoperson.Amajorityofpeoplethinkthat_观点一________.Intheirviewsthereare2factorscontributingtothisattitudeasfollows:inthefirstplace,___原因一_______.Furthermore,inthesecondplace,___原因二_____.Soitgoeswithoutsayingthat___观点一_____.People,however,differintheiropinionsonthismatter.Somepeopleholdtheideathat___观点二_______.Intheirpointofview,ontheonehand，___原因一_______.Ontheotherhand,____原因二_____.Therefore,thereisnodoubtthat___观点二______.AsfarasIamconcerned,Ifirmlysupporttheviewthat__观点一或二______.Itisnotonlybecause________,butalsobecause_________.Themore_______,themore________.模板二利弊型议论文Nowadays,thereisawidespreadconcernover(theissuethat)___作文题目______.Infact,therearebothadvantagesanddisadvantagesin__题目议题_____.Generallyspeaking,itiswidelybelievedthereareseveralpositiveaspectsasfollows.Firstly,___优点一______.Andsecondly___优点二_____.JustAsapopularsayinggoes,"everycoinhastwosides",__讨论议题______isnoexception,andinanotherword,itstillhasnegativeaspects.Tobeginwith,___缺点一______.Inaddition,____缺点二______.Tosumup,weshouldtrytobringtheadvantagesof__讨论议题____intofullplay,andreducethedisadvantagestotheminimumatthesametime.Inthatcase,wewilldefinitelymakeabetteruseofthe____讨论议题___.模板三答辩型议论文Currently,thereisawidespreadconcernover(theissuethat)__作文题目_______.Itisreallyanimportantconcerntoeveryoneofus.Asaresult,wemustsparenoeffortstotakesomemeasurestosolvethisproblem.Asweknowthattherearemanystepswhichcanbetakentoundothisproblem.Firstofall,__途径一______.Inaddition,anotherwaycontributingtosuccessofthesolvingproblemis___途径二_____.Aboveall,tosolvetheproblemof___作文题目______,weshouldfindanumberofvariousways.ButasfarasIamconcerned,Iwouldprefertosolvetheprobleminthisway,thatistosay,____方法_____.模板四谚语警句型议论文Itiswellknowtousthattheproverb:"___谚语_______"hasaprofoundsignificanceandvaluenotonlyinourjobbutalsoinourstudy.Itmeans____谚语的含义_______.Thesayingcanbeillustratedthroughaseriesofexamplesasfollows.(alsotheoretically)Acaseinpointis___例子一______.Therefore,itisgoeswithoutsayingthatitisofgreatofimportancetopracticetheproverb____谚语_____.WiththerapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnologyinChina,anincreasingnumberofpeoplecometorealizethatitisalsoofpracticalusetosticktothesaying:____谚语_____.Themoreweareawareofthesignificanceofthisfamoussaying,themorebenefitswewillgetinourdailystudyandjob.【万能句式】1）开头句：Itgoeswithoutsayingthat...不言而喻Itcanbesaidwithcertaintythat...可以肯定地说Astheproverbsays,...正如谚语所说Ithastobenoticedthat...It'sgenerallyrecognisedthat...人们普遍认为It'slikelythat...很可能It'shardly...that......并不...It'shardlytoomuchtosaythat...毫不夸张地说2）衔接句：Acaseinpointis...一个典型的例子是...Asisoftenthecase,...情况经常是...Asstatedinthepreviousparagraph,...如前段所述，...Buttheproblemisnotsosimple.Therefore,weshouldtakemoredetailsintoconsideration.Butit'spitythat...Inspiteofthefactthat...Further,weholdtheopinionthat...此外，我们认为...However,thedifficultyliesin...Whatcallsforspecialattentionisthat...Similarly,weshouldpayattentiontothisfromtheverybeginning.3）引出观点句：Thereareseveralreasonsfor...,butingeneral,theycomedowntothreemajorones.Therearemanyfactorsthatmayaccountfor...,butthefollowingarethemosttypicalones.Manywayscancontributetosolvingthisproblem,butthefollowingonesmaybemosteffective.Generally,theadvantagescanbelistedasfollows.Thereasonsareasfollows.4）结尾句：Iwillconcludebysayingthat...最后我要说Icanreachaconclusionthat...Therefore,wehavethereasontobelievethat...我们有理由相信Allthingsconsidered,itmaybesafelysaidthat...可以有把握地说Therefore,inmyopinion,it'smoreadvisibleforustodo...更可取的是Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,wemaysafelydrawtheconclusionthat...Thefigures/statisticsleadustotheconclusionthat...Itcanbeconcludedfromthediscussionthat...Frommypointofview,itwouldbebetterif...Toacertain/someextent,...5）灵活句式：sb.cannotemphasizetheimportanceif...toomuchThereisnoneedforsb.todosth.Onnoaccountcanwedosth.Whatwillhappentosb.if...?Forthepast+一段时间，sb.have(donesth./beendoingsth.)Itpaystodosth.做...是值得的sth.iscloselyrelatedto......与...息息相关doone'sutmosttodo=sparenoefforttodosth.haveagreatinfluenceonsb.NothingcanpreventusfromdoingUpondoingsth,...一...就...Hardlyhadsb.donesth.whensb.didNosoonerhadsb.donesth.thansb.didOnlythencould...直到那时Nothingismore...thantodosth.Thereisnodenyingthat...Thereisnodoubtthat...Itisuniversallyacknowledgedthat...Asisknowntous,...Itisnowonderthat...Nowonderthat...So+adj.besb./sth.that...如此...以至于...adj.assb./sth.be,...虽然...但是...The+比较级,the+比较级It'stime+主语+动词过去式It'stimeforsth.It'stimeforsb.todosth.（24-25高三上·江苏南通·开学考试）现在人工智能越来越影响我们日常生活中的方方面面。请围绕这一话题写一篇文章。应包含以下要点：1.人工智能带来的便利，例如在交通、家电和通信方面。2.它可能引发的潜在问题或挑战，如工作岗位被取代和隐私担忧。3.您对于如何充分利用人工智能并避免其负面影响的观点。4.80词左右。_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________说明文说明文是以说明为主要表达方式的一种文体，主要用于介绍事物、说明事理等。高考中，说明文常见的话题有：产品介绍、地点描述、方位描写、变化分析、购物指南和操作说明等。真题一【2018·全国I】假定你是李华，你的新西兰朋友Terry将去中国朋友家做客，发邮件向你询问有关习俗。请你回复邮件，内容包括：1．到达时间；2．合适的礼物；3．餐桌礼仪。注意：1．词数100左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。真题二【2018年新课标全国卷III】假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Peter来信询问你校学生体育运动情况。请给他回信，内容包括：1.学校的体育场馆；2.主要的运动项目；3.你喜欢的项目。注意：1.词数100左右：2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。写说明文宜采用三段式：第一段主要介绍要说明的对象及说明的目的；第二段说明事物的主要特征或做事情的方法步骤；第三段进行总结概括。时态通常用一般现在时。模板01介绍事物型说明文模板Topic①________isamosteffective_______to_______.②Formostpeople,it’salmostimpossibleto______.③________isreally_________.④Withthefunctionsof_______,itenablesusto_______.⑤Itcaneven______.⑥Justimagine,allthiscanbedonewith_______.⑦Aconvenienttoolcancertainlymake_______,butitdoesn’talwayshelp_______.⑧Toomuch_________.⑨Toomany________.⑩Relyingtoomuchon_______makes________.①点明要介绍的事物的必要性②介绍该事物对多数人的重要意义③该事物优势或显著特点④该事物的作用⑤进一步说明该事物的作用⑥说明该事物的重要性⑦承上启下，介绍事物的另一方面⑧该事物的负面影响一⑨该事物的负面影响二⑩总结说明过分使用该物品给我们带来的负面影响。模板02说明原因型说明文模板Nowadays,therearemoreandmore

insomebigcities.Itisestimatedthat

____________________.（用具体数据说明某现象）Whyhavetherebeensomany

?Maybethereasonscanbelistedasfollows.Thefirstreasonisthat

__________________.（原因一）Besides,

__________________.（原因二）Thethirdreasonis

__________________.（原因三）Tosumup,themaincauseof

isdueto__________________

.（指出主要原因）Itishightimethatsomethingshouldbedone.Foronething,

__________________.（解决建议一）Foranotherthing,

.Allthesemeasureswillcertainly

__________________.（解决建议二）模板03描述事物型说明文模板WhatIhaveknownabout

isthat

_________________.（具体描述某事物）Firstly,

__________________.（描述要点一）__________________.（具体阐述要点一）Secondly,

__________________.（描述要点二）（具体阐述要点二）__________________.Asacollegestudent,

__________________.（结合自身描述要点三）Allinall,

__________________.（做出总结）Therefore,weshould

__________________.（提出建议）模板04问题解决型说明文模板Inrecentdays,therehasbeenaproblem

,whichisbecomingmoreandmoreserious.（说明问题及其现状）First,

__________________.Second,

__________________.（进一步阐释现状）Weshouldtakeaseriesofeffectivemeasurestocopewiththesituation.Foronething,________.Foranotherthing,________.Finally,________.（列举解决该问题的方法）Personally,Ibelievethat________/Consequently,I’mconfidentthatabrightfutureisawaitingusbecause________.（结尾段，指出＂我＂的信心及理由）模板05地点介绍型说明文模板地理位置:___，thelargest___inourcountry,lies___,with___onthenorthand___surroundingitssouthwest.Tothewestofthe___.面积人口资源:___hasanareaofabout___squarekilo-metersandapopulationofover___.It'srichinnatural

resources,forexample,bananas,rice,teaandsoon,arefamousbothathomeandabroad.Thesceneryissobeautifulandtheclimateissopleasantthattravelersallovertheworldgoinacontinuousstream

foravisit.必备句型今昔变化对比Myhometownusedtobeabeautifulplace,withthigtreesandgreengrasseverywhere.ItisthebestplacethatIhaveevervisited.Inthepast,childrencouldn'tgotoschoolbecauseofpoverty(贫穷).4.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthepastten(few)years.5.Ourhometownhastakenonanewlook.6.Ourvillageisnotwhatitusedtobe.7.Thicktreesandgreengrasscanbeseeneverywhere.8.NowtheChinesefamilyhaschangedagreatdeal.9.ItisknowntousallthatthelivingstandardoftheChinesepeoplehasgreatlyimproved.10.Nowadays,tallbuildingshavetakentheplaceofoldsheds.11.Nowourschooliscoveredwithgreengrassandfreshflowers,whichmakesthewholeschoolagoodplacetostudyin.地域地貌Chinaisalargecountrywithalonghistoryandmuchpopulation.2.Zhengzhou,thecapitalofHenanProvince,liesinthemiddleofChina.3.Ithasanareaof160,000squarekilometerswithapopulationofover90million.4.Itisrichinnaturalresourcessuchascoalandgold.5.Theweatherisneithertoocoldinwinternortoohotinsummer.方位指路、图表说明1.Ourschoolislocatedatthefootofagreenhill.2.Inthefrontoftheschoolisabeautifulgardenwithalibraryonitsleftandalaboratoryonitsright.3.Behindthegardenistheclassroombuilding.4.Atthebackoftheschoolarethestudents'dormitoryandthedining-hall,infrontofwhichliesthelargesportsfield.5.Theteacher'sdormitorystandsbetweenAandB.6.ItisnotverydifficulttofindyourwayfromtheFriendshipHoteltothestation.7.Whenyougetoutofthehotel,turnleftandwalkdownthestreetuntilyouseethetrafficlights.8.Turnrightatthethirdcrossing/turning,andyouwillseeapostofficeatthecorner.Themuseumisnext/oppositetoit.9.Gostraightaheaduntilyougettotheendofthestreet,10.Pleasegetacrossthebridgeandgoeastward.11.No.25Buswilltakeyourightthere.12.Itwilltakeyouabout10minutestogetthere.13.It'sabout10minutes'walk/ridefromhere.14.Ascanbeseenfromthechart,...15.Fromthechart/picture/tablewecansee...thattheworldpopulationisincreasingrapidly.介绍节日精彩句型:1.

Last

Sunday

we

celebrated...

with....

in

the

school

hall,

during

which

we

had

a

wonderful

time.

2.

Yesterday

we

organized

a

welcome

party

for

the

new

exchange

students.

3.

We

invited...

to

attend

the

party

with

us,

which

was

held

in...

4.

We

spent

a

happy

afternoon/night

with...and...

5.

We

had

a

great

time

together

and

we

didn't

go

back

home

until...

6.

We

felt

happy

to

have

done

something

for

the

old

and

we

made

it

a

rule

to...

7.

This

is

the

first

time

that

I

have

enjoyed

a

Mid-Autumn

Festival

with

my

classmates.

8.

How

interesting

the..

Festival

is!介绍运动音乐精彩句型：1.Atyourrequest,I'dliketotellyousomethingaboutmyfavourite...2.I'mwritingtoreplytothequestionsyoumentionedinyourlastletter.3.Whatimpressedmemostis...4.He/Sheisregarded/consideredasoneofthemost...5.OneofthereasonsIlike...isthat...6.Toachievemydreamofbecoming...,Ipractise...asmuchaspossibleandsometimesI..7.Pleasewriteandtellmeaboutyourfavorite...andIhope...8.Ibelievemydreamofbecoming...willcometrueaslongasI...9.Ofallthesports,Ilikebasketball/football....bestbecauseIwanttobe...whenIgrowup.10.I'mgladtohearfromyouandI'mwritingtotellyoumyfavoritesport.11.Ilike...bestandIhaveadreamofbecomingaprofessional....inthenearfuture.12.Becomingthechampionof...attheOlympicshaslongbeenmydream.13.What'syourfavoritesport?Pleasewritetoshareitwithme.14.IbelieveIcanmakemydreamcometrueaslongasIcontinuepracticinghard.15.IthinkIcanachievemydreamofbecoming...inthefuture.16.IwanttobecomeatowinhonorforourcountryattheOlympicGames.17.Tomakemydreamcometrue,Iwillpracticehardandnevergiveup.介绍书籍杂志精彩句型：1.

Thereare

thousands

of

kinds

of

newspapers/magazines

in

the

world,

among

which

Ilike...most.

2.

It

is

a

daily/weekly/monthly...newspaper

/magazine,

whose

purpose/aim

is

to...

3.

As

the

saying

goes,

To

opena

book

is

always

beneficial."

4.

I'd

like

to

recommend

it

to

those

who

have

difficulty/trouble

in...

5.

It

is

a(n)

international

newspaper,

which

has

an

average

daily

circulation

of..

6.

It

is

one

of

the

best-selling

magazines,

covering

fitness,

nutrition

travel,

technology,

fashion

and

finance.

7.

With

the

rapid

development

of

the

Internet,

an

increasing

number

of

publishers

begin

to

launch

online

magazines,

also

called

e-zines,

to

fit

the

times.

8.

1

have

been

reading

this

newspaper/

magazine

ever

sine...

I

think

it

isofgreathelptome.旅游指导精彩句型：1.Welcometoourscenicspotandwe'dlikeyoutopayattentiontosomesafetyregulations.2.Tomakeourtouristspotmorepopular,we'vedecidedto...3.Childrenarenotallowedtoenter/use....unlesstheyareaccompaniedbyadults.4.Besides,thosewhosufferfromheartdiseasearealsoforbiddento...5.Doremembertheopeningtimeisfrom8amto6pm.6.Ifyouhaveanyfurtherquestions,pleasecallusat..7.Webelieveourscenicspotwillleaveadeepimpressiononyou.8.Wehopethatyouwillhaveagoodtime/enjoyyourself/getgreatpleasurehere!（24-25高三上·江苏南通·开学考试）现在人工智能越来越影响我们日常生活中的方方面面。请围绕这一话题写一篇文章。应包含以下要点：1.人工智能带来的便利，例如在交通、家电和通信方面。2.它可能引发的潜在问题或挑战，如工作岗位被取代和隐私担忧。3.您对于如何充分利用人工智能并避免其负面影响的观点。4.80词左右。_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Writing1（24-25高三上·安徽·开学考试）假如你是李华，你班上周就“学生是否有必要购买品牌服饰”的话题展开了激烈的讨论。请你根据以下提示，用英语写一篇短文介绍讨论结果并发表个人观点。1.支持的观点；2.反对的观点；3.你的观点。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.首句已给出，但不计入总词数；3.请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。Lastweek,ourclassheldaheateddiscussiononwhetherstudentsshouldbuybrandedclothing.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Writing2（2024·四川成都·模拟预测）目前越来越多的人使用移动支付(mobilepayment)，移动支付改变了人们的生活。请根据以下要点写一篇短文：1.移动支付的优缺点；2.你的看法。注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考词汇：微信WeChat

支付宝Alipay

二维码QRcode____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Writing31．（23-24高一下·四川·期末）众所周知，环境与我们每个人息息相关。而随着社会的发展，环境污染却越来越严重。请根据下面的内容提示，以“Howtoprotecttheenvironment”为题，用英文写一篇80词左右的短文。

1.现状：污染越来越严重，甚至导致全球变暖。2.治理措施：(1)提高人们的环保意识(awareness)；(2)制定环保法律，违者严惩(punish)；(3)植树造林，净化环境等。注意：1.内容应包括以上要点，可以适当发挥，增加细节，以使文章连贯；2.书写规范，卷面整洁。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Writing4（2024·广西河池·模拟预测）假定你是校英文报的编辑李华，负责策划你们报纸新开设的一个栏目“OpinionsofTeenagers”。请你写一篇栏目介绍，刊登在校英文报上，内容包括：1.开设的初衷；2.栏目的内容；3.欢迎投稿。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________