2021年上海市初三中考冲刺阅读专题讲义-完型填空 (学生版)

英语学科讲义完型填空完型填空

知识梳理：完型填空专项训练考查能力：逻辑推理能力：完形填空对篇章逻辑推理能力的考查主要表现在考生能否根据句中，句间甚至是整篇文章的逻辑关系，比如因果、转折、并列等关系，选出正确选项。主要包括以下几个方面：句中逻辑推理能力句间逻辑推理能力篇章逻辑推理能力篇章原词重现词汇辨析能力：词汇辨析能力的考查主要集中在名词，动词，形容词和副词上，选项往往以同义词，近义词，反义词或拼写相近容易混淆词的形式出现。其中，由于篇章中会带有作者主观的意识，因此在形容词或者副词的考查上会出现感情色彩的辨析。主要包括以下几个方面：同、近义或者反义辨析词的感情色彩语法知识掌握能力：语法知识的考查主要体现在某些常见的语法结构和固定句式当中。主要包括以下几个方面：语法知识运用能力固定短语搭配和句式背景文化知识掌握能力：在完形填空中有时渗着相关的文化背景和生活常识等方面的知识。在做题时，要积极调动自己的跨文化背景和生活常识，巧妙地运用，特别是注意中西文化的差异。背景文化知识掌握能力解题技巧：1)通读全文，仔细阅读文章，把握语篇大意，顾及文章的整体性和合理性。2）选项相仿时，切勿主观臆断，联系上下文，选择最佳答案。3）检查是否逻辑合理，语法无误。典题分析：1.联系上下文，结合语境，定位正确选项。联系上下文，选择或填写正确的词是完型填空解题最常用的方法之一。在做完型填空时，有些选项的答案从语法角度来讲可以说得通，遇到这种情况，我们应该细读上下文，正确答案会在上下文中得到提示。【经典例题1】WhatdoIrememberaboutmychildhood?Thereweregoodthingsandbadthings.Weusedtolive_________,andmyparentsalwaysgotupearlyinthemorningtofeedthecowsandsheep. A.inatown B.onafarm C.onabusystreet D.inacity【经典例题2】Idashedtothefrontdoorandbanged(大声敲)onitloudly.“Who’sthere?”Iheard.“It’sBilly!Letmein!”Thevoicebehindthe_________answered,“Billydoesn’tlivehereanymore,heranawayfromhome.”A.house B.tree C.door D.yard2.根据词汇的辨析和词组的搭配来解题在选项中设置四个词性一致、意义相近的词是完型填空命题时常用的手段之一。在做此类题目时，必须要在特定的语境中选择最佳、或者也可以推敲一些固定的词组搭配来进行选项。在做首字母填空时，尤其应注意空格所缺单词的词性及固定搭配。【经典例题1】Onthetrain,Tomwaslooking_____1____forhisticketbecausetheconductorwascoming_____2_____tohisticket.1)A.out B.forward C.anywhere D.everywhere2)A.down B.up C.in D.on【经典例题2】AJapanesemanageroncesaidhehimselfandhisworkerswouldallstandwhiletheywerehavingmeetings.Doyou__________whathemeans? A.think B.guess C.know D.understand【经典例题3】“Isn’titaniceday?”“Doyou_____1_____itwillrain?”“Ithinkit’sgoingtorain.”Thesearethecommonwaysof_____2_____conversation.1）A.think B.see C.say D.feel2)A.start B.begin C.talking D.starting【经典例题4】“Youshouldn’twhatpeoplesayaboutwhatyoulooklikebecausewe’renotdifferentfromanyoneelse,Holly,”A.writedown B.agreewith C.passon D.listento3.利用逻辑关系解题利用逻辑关系是完型填空命题设计过程中用得较多的方法之一。解这类题目时需要我们多注意周围生活常识、行文的脉络及句子之间的转承关系。【经典例题1】TheEnglishlanguagehasnowbecomeaninternationallanguagebecauseitiswidelyusedinmostcountiesintheworld._________youwanttodobusinesswithforeigners,youhavetolearnEnglish,formostofthemspeakandwriteEnglish. A.As B.If C.So D.Since【经典例题2】Apairofglovesmaybea_________thing,butitcanmakeabigdifferenceinwinter.A.small B.useful C.helpful D.cheap【经典例题3】Here,mymother_________inherbedroomwindowandwroteinherdiary.A.lay B.play C.stood D.sat【经典例题4】Lisawasoneofthemobile(流动的)children,_____1_____fromhousetohouseinchildhood.Shelongsforasenseof_____2_____,andsowehavecometoNovaScotiawheremyhusbandandIwerebornandwhereourancestors41for200years.A.passed B.raised C.moved D.sentA.home B.duty C.reality D.relief4.利用语法和句型解题这类题目主要考查学生在一定语境中运用语法知识和识别句型的能力。由于学生对这类选项把握较大，因此这类题型的数量越来越少。【经典例题1】KarlLandsteinerfirstthoughtofnamingbloodtypesin1900.He________fourtypes.A.makebloodintoB.putbloodintoC.keepbloodintoD.storebloodas【经典例题2】Theearthisourhome.Wemusttakecareofit.Lifetodayiseasierthanitwas___________yearsago,butithasbroughtsomenewproblems. A.hundred B.hundredsof C.hundredof D.hundreds【经典例题3】___________itwasgettingdark,shesawasmall,darkwoodenhouse.A.When B.Until C.If D.Because【经典例题4】Youcan’tblameothers___________youstartwithyourself.A.although B.if C.when D.unless强化练习：(基础篇)B.Choosethebestanswerandcompletethepassage(选择最恰当的选项完成短文)(12分)MyhusbandBill,wasdiagnosedwithcancer(癌症).Overthecourseofsevenmonths,hewentfrombeatingmesillyattennistoneedingmyhelptogotothebathroom.Itwasthebestsevenmonthsofmylife.MaybeIdon’t75meanthat,butitwascertainlythetimewhenIfeltmostalive.Ihadbecomearespectedprofessor,andaresponsiblewife.Duringthosesevenmonths,Icametounderstandthatnothingwould76morethanwhatIhaddonetomyhusband.WhenIcouldn’tsleepatnight,Iprayed(祈祷)toGod.ThenIbeganprayingitdailyevenifIhadnodifficultysleeping,which77mybreathingandcalmedmymind.Duringhislastweek,arelativevisited.Inoticedthatshe’dchangedherappearance,butinafunnyway.Itwasthekindof78Ikepttomyself.Aftersheleft,BillvoicedexactlywhatI’dbeenthinking,inthattruthfulwayhehad,andIfoundmyselflaughingoutinmyheart.Icouldlivewiththisman,evenneedingasmuchcareashedoes,forthenext40years,Ithought.79,hewouldbedeadverysoon.Iwillneveragainhavethathighapurposeinmylife.Iwilltrytobealittlelessunhappy,andalittlemore80forthesmallmomentsinlife.IamabetterpersonforcaringforBill.Itwashislast,bestgifttome.75.A)completely B)hardly C)actually D)carefully76.A)care B)matter C)change D)cost77.A)slowed B)increased C)held D)took78.A)jokes B)friends C)work D)thought79.A)Luckily B)However C)Instead D)Finally80.A)sorry B)excited C)thankful D)worried(2)Mostfilmssetinspaceareusuallyhorrorfilmsandincludealiensintheirstory.Gravity(地心引力)isdifferentandfocusesonthehumandrama75.Thefilm’sspecialeffectsaresoamazingthatitiseasytobelievethatGravityreallywasfilmedinspace.IttookmorethanthreeyearsforaBritishteamtocreatealloftheseeffects.Wefirstmeetthe76outsideoftheirspaceshiponaspacewalk.DrStone,astrong-mindedmotherwhosedaughterdiedinanaccident,isonherfirstjourneyintospaceandisjoinedbyMattKowalski,anexperiencedastronaut.KowalskimakesjokesandtellsstoriesabouthislifetohelpDrStonefeellessnervousaboutbeinginspace.Theastronautsaresoon77thatpiecesofadamagedsatelliteareflyingintheirdirection.Theirspaceshipissoonhitanddestroyed.DrStoneisknockedintospace.Itseemsthatshewilldiethere.Thefastmovingcameraworkandlosing78withtheEarthmakeseverythingevenscarier(恐怖的).79,KowalskisavesDrStoneandtheydecidetogotothenearbyInternationalSpaceStationandseeiftheirescapevehiclecanbeusedtoreturntotheEarth.Onthejourney,theyhavetroubleandareabouttolosetheirlivesinspacetogether.KowalskiallowshimselftofloatawaytosaveDrStone.FromhereDrStoneisaloneandthefilmexploreswhethersheisstrongenoughtostayalive,orwantto.Gravityisapowerfulfilmaboutawoman’sjourneyina(n)80place.Youwillfinditworthwatchingbecauseitisnotonlyinterestingbutalsomoving.75.A)still B)yet C)instead D)perhaps76.A)characters B)directors C)actors D)fans77.A)agreed B)warned C)shown D)telephoned78.A)energy B)patience C)sight D)contact79.A)Finally B)Recently C)Luckily D)Immediately80.A)dark B)lonely C)horrible D)empty(3)Ithappenedonespringmorning.Iwokeupandwentdownstairs.MymumaskedmeifIwantedsomeorangejuice.“Yes,thanks,”Ireplied,butmyvoicehadchanged!Itsoundedverydeep.Iwasquite75,andsowasthedog!Butmymumjustsmiledandsaid,“Oh,that’sjustyourvoicebreaking.”Breaking?Thatdidnotsoundgood!Soatschoolthatday,Iaskedmybiologyteacherwhatwashappening.“Don’tworry.It’s76common!”shesaid.“Soundismadebythemouthastheairis77outthroughthevoicebox,whichisintheneck.Asyougrowolder,thevoiceboxgrowslargerandthicker.Whenyouareateenager,therecanbea78.”“Butmysisterisolderthanme,andhervoiceisstillthesame,”Isaid,alittle79.“Thechangeisbiggerinboys,soyounoticeitmore.Girls’voicesonlychangealittle,soitishardtotellthe80.”NowIlikemynewvoice.Butthedogstillisnotsure!A)excited B)embarrassed C)surprised D)satisfiedA)especially B)probably C)hardly D)completelyA)pushed B)turned C)taken D)pickedA)commonmistake B)suddenchange C)similarexperience D)slowprocessA)angry B)confused C)calm D)frightenedA)truth B)reason C)secret D)difference(4)TheThanksgivingturkeyisthecauseofstressforme.Ihave75itasanenemyonThanksgiving.OvertheyearsIhadtriedjusteverymethodofcookingtheturkey.WhenIjustgotmarriedItriedthetraditionalpanroastingmethod.ButIforgottobuymyturkey76thedaybeforeThanksgiving.AndIboughtabigonebecauseIwantedtobesuretohaveenoughturkeyforeveryone.Unfortunately,itwasn’tthawed(解冻)bythetimeIneededtocookit.Iendedupwithadryturkeyovercookedontheoutsideandrarelydone77.AndIhadlotsandlotsofleftoverturkeybecausenobodylikedit.ThefollowingyearIwasbusywithababy.SoagainIforgottobuymyturkeyintimetogetit78thawed.IhadtobeupmostofthenightbeforeThanksgivingrunningcoldwaterovermyturkeytogetitthawed.TheturkeyendedupturningoutokeybutIwassotiredandsleepybythetimeIserveddinner.ThenextyearIgotamethodofcookingturkeyfromlocalradioinearlyNovember.Iwas79togiveitatry.Makingthatturkeywasliketakingcareofababyfornearlytwodays.Iwassopleasedwiththatturkey.Ithoughtitwasgoingtobethebesttastingturkeyeversinceitwasthemost80Ieverputinmakingturkey.Butthatdidn’thappen.Nobodylikedtheflavouroftheturkey.Idecidednottomakeonethisyear.Butmyfamilythoughtitwasn'tThanksgivingwithoutturkey.TheThanksgivingturkeyhasbeenayearlyjokeatourhouseandwhenIdon’tmakeonethereisnothingtocomplainabout.75.A)visited B)considered C)heard D)told76.A)before B)after C)until D)since77.A)onthesurface B)onthetop C)atthebottom D)inthemiddle78.A)completely B)carefully C)easily D)slowly79.A)afraid B)responsible C)surprised D)ready80.A)money B)work C)power D)water小结：完型填空答题原则：1．首句重读原则“首句重读”指首句需重点阅读。首句很多情况是Topicsentence(主题句)，会透露文章背景和主旨。首句一般不设空，若设空，则需重点读后面的例子，例子里面会提供线索。现在很多考题都是用后面的例子印证首句。例子关联原则例子联合起来都是去证明本文中心的，但例子与例子间有时会有正反对比关系或者平行并列关系。最佳适用原则场景匹配原则5.平行并列原则完形填空文章很多时候是围绕一个话题展开，每个段落有的时候发展模式都是差不多的，前面提到如果首句设空，除了关注到后面的例子，还可以关注下一段首句或者再下下段首句。类似的如果某段末句设空也可以关注下面一段的末句。课后作业：(提高篇)2020杨浦一模Choosethebestanswerandcompletethepassage（选择最恰当的选项完成短文）Haveyouevertriedplayingthekindofvideogamesthatyourparentsplayed?TheMuseumofScienceinManchester,intheUK,hasheldanexhibitionforthelastfewyears,whichinvitesvisitorstodo___50___that.Itoffersthemthechancetoplaygamesfromthelast40years,invarioussessionsthroughouttheday.Thesevideogamesessionshavenowbecomeoneofthemainattractionsofthemuseum.Theyarefullofpeopleeveryday,playingawiderangeofgames.However,visitorsoftenchoosetheonesthey’re___51___.Forparents,forexample,theseareusuallythegamestheyusedtoplayintheirchildhood.There’salsoa(n)___52___purposetothegames.Forinstance,someoldtypesofcomputer,datingback40years,arealsoavailableinthesessions.Theywereoriginallyusedinclassroomstoteachpupilstowritetheirwoncomputerprograms.Andatthetime,ithelpedlotsofyoungpeopletodothat.Now,themuseumisholdingworkshopsthatencouragechildrentolearnsimilarskills--andthey’restillverypopular.Theexhibitionalsoshowshowmuch___53___technologyhasmadeoverthelast40years.Parentscanoftenrememberplayingverysimplegames.Butthegamesthatareplayedtodayaremorecomplex.Theyhavebetterstory-linesandanimation,too.Andtheplayersalsohavetousemuchmorecomplicatedtechniques.____54____,oneserioussideoftheexhibitionisthatorganisersalsowanttoshowthatvideogamingisanimportantindustry,employingmanyskilledpeople.Sotheyhopetheexhibitionwill___55___thismessage.Thatway,peoplewhoenjoygamingwillalsounderstandallthehardwork,talent,imaginationthatgoesintocreatingtheseamazinggames.50.A.especially B.exactly C.directly D.mainly51.A.readyfor B.poorat C.connectedto D.familiarwith52.A.dramatic B.official C.historical D.educational53.A.response B.progress C.knowledge D.impression54.A.However B.Therefore C.Infact D.Inconclusion55.A.link B.check C.share D.record2020嘉定一模B.Choosethebestanswerandcompletethepassage（选择最恰当的选项完成短文）Bookshavemagicalpower.Theycontainknowledgeandknowledgemakesourhumanbecomewiserandstronger.Betweentheirpages,readerscanbetransportedtoanywhereimaginableandbecomejustaboutanyone...oranytime.______50______,manychildrenallovertheworlddon’thaveaccesstobooks.Forseveralyearsnow,MariaKeller,ateenagerfromMinneapolis,Minnesota,hasbeentryingtochangethatfact.Whenshewas8yearsold,Mariaalreadylovedreading.Shealsonoticedthatsomeofherclassmatesdidn’treadasmuchasshedid.Whensheaskedhermotherwhythatwas,hermothersaidthattheymightnotbeableto___51___books.Mariahadneverthoughtofthis.Shecouldn’tbelievethatsomechildrendidn’thavebedtimestoriesreadtothem,andshebecame___52___tochangethis.Withhermother’shelp.Mariacreatedanon-profitorganizationwhichisdedicated（致力于）tocollectinganddistributingbookstochildren___53___DuringtheearlystagesofReadIndeed,MariasetthegoalofcollectinganddistributingImillionbooksbythetimeshewas18.Itdidn’ttakelongtoreachthatgoal.Uptillnow,shehascollectedover2.4millionbooksandhasshippedthemtomanystatesandcountriesaroundtheworld.Shesaid,“Icannotlivewithoutbooks.AsIcontinuemymission（使命）.Ihavelearnedthatthenumberofkidswhohavenobooksisinthehundredsofmillions.SoIjustcan’t___54___.evenafterreachingmyoriginalgoalof1millionbooks.”Sherecentlysetanewgoal:todistributedonationstokidsinneedineverystateintheUS,andeverycountryintheworld.Shekeepsrecordsofher___55___onalargemapatthewarehouse（仓库）whereherbooksarestoredandsorted.50.A.So B.However C.Afterall D.Instead51.A.choose B.afford C.share D.read52.A.excited B.used C.supposed D.determined53.A.insafety B.indanger C.inneed D.introuble54.A.setout B.giveup C.getoff D.takeup55.A.industry B.research C.progress D.study2020徐汇一模B.Choosethewordsorexpressionsandcompletethepassage（选择最恰当的单词或词语完成短文):Couldyouimaginealibrarywhereyouborrowtools,appliancesandsportsgear(用具)?Asastudent,Sabrinacouldseethesimplesolutiontoaproblem—inordertoreducewasteandcreateagoodeffectonourenvironment,perhapsweshouldtrysharingthethingswehave.WhenshearrivedinBrisbanefouryearsago,Sabrinahadnothingwithherbutasuitcasefullofclothesandalaptop.Tostartsett