高考英语复习单项填空专题五动词和短语动词

专题五动词和短语动词1/26-2-考情概览1.考查常见动词和短语动词词义辨析。强调语言情景化,把动词和短语动词区分放在鲜活语境中进行考查,突出在详细语境中进行意义选择测试。2.考查常见动词搭配。尤其是同一动词和不一样副词或介词组成短语之间辨析,或者不一样动词和同一副词或介词组成短语之间辨析。如get/give/break/stand/take/make/turn/come/hold/bring/keep/leave/hand等一些高频动词与for/to/of/out/off/up/over/about/down/on/in等介/副词搭配组成短语含义。3.考查常见动词及其短语新义,也就是我们所说“熟词生义”;动词一词多义也是考查重点。要在详细语境中灵活地使用。2/26-3-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六动词词义辨析这类试题四个选项往往结构相同,词形或意义相近。要做好这类试题,必须从各个动词语义差异、使用方法特点等方面入手,然后结合题意选取适当动词。3/26-4-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六【典例分析】(·天津卷,11)Ifyouhaveanydoubtsaboutyourhealth,you’dbetter

yourdoctoratonce.

A.convince B.consult

C.avoid D.affect答案为B项。句意:假如你对自己健康情况还有所疑问话,你最好立刻咨询你医生。convince“使确信,使信服”;consult“请教,咨询”;avoid“防止”;affect“影响”。(·浙江卷,8)Wecanachievealotwhenwelearntoletourdifferencesunite,ratherthan

us.

A.divide B.rejectC.control D.abandon答案为A项。句意:当我们学会因差异而联合起来、而不是因差异而分裂时候,我们会收获很多。divide“分开,隔开”,符合句意。reject“拒绝”;control“控制”;abandon“抛弃”。故选A项。4/26-5-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点四常见动词固定搭配有些动词与其宾语有固定搭配和习惯使用方法,还有些动词后跟宾语补足语时,与不定式或一些介词有固定搭配。要做好这类试题,关键是经过分析句子结构搞清题意,然后依据结构和句意选择符合固定搭配或习惯使用方法动词。【典例分析】(·天津卷,14)See,yourcomputerhasbrokendownagain!Itdoesn’t

sensetobuythecheapestbrandofcomputerjusttosaveafewdollars.

A.have

B.make C.displayD.bring答案为B项。句意:看,你电脑又坏了!为了节约几美元去购置最廉价牌子电脑,这种做法不明智。make

sense是固定短语,意为“明智,合情合理,有道理”。5/26-6-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点四同一动词和不一样副词或介词组成短语辨析这类试题四个选项都是由同一个动词加不一样副词或介词组成。从历年高考试题来看,那些搭配能力强、语义丰富惯用短语动词是命题重点对象。要做好这类试题,一定要在了解语境基础上,从语义逻辑、固定搭配、前后关系等角度去确定答案。【典例分析】(·天津卷,10)Tomhadto

theinvitationtothepartylastweekendbecausehewastoobusy.

A.turnin B.turndownC.turnover D.turnto答案为B项。句意:上个周末汤姆不得不拒绝了参加聚会邀请,因为他太忙了。turn

in“上交;偿还”;turn

down“拒绝”;turn

over“移交,交给”;turn

to“转向;求援于”。6/26-7-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点四不一样动词和同一副词或介词组成短语辨析这类试题四个选项是由不一样动词加相同介词或副词组成。要做好这类试题,首先还是要搞清题意,然后选出符合题意和句子结构短语动词。【典例分析】(·江苏卷,30)Manybusinessesstartedupbycollegestudentshave

thankstothecomfortableclimateforbusinesscreation.

A.fallenoff B.takenoffC.turnedoff D.leftoff答案为B项。fall

off“跌落;降低”;take

off“起飞;突然成功”;turn

off“关掉”;leave

off“停顿,中止”。句意:因为商业创新环境适宜,很多由大学生创办企业成功了。7/26-8-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点四(·江苏卷,25)WorkingwiththemedicalteaminAfricahas

thebestinherasadoctor.

A.heldout B.broughtoutC.pickedout D.givenout答案为B项。句意:在非洲与医疗团体合作,突显了她作为一名医生最优异一面。hold

out“伸出”;bring

out“使显示”;pick

out“挑选”;give

out“分发”。故B项符合语境。8/26-9-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点四不一样动词组成短语动词辨析这类试题四个选项是由四个不一样动词组成短语动词。要做好这类试题,关键是依据题干意思,选出符合题意短语动词。【典例分析】(·天津卷,5)Mr.andMrs.Brownwouldliketoseetheirdaughter

,getmarried,andhavekids.

A.settledown B.keepoffC.getup D.cutin答案为A项。句意:布朗夫妇想要看着他们女儿安定下来,结婚生子。settle

down“(在某地)定居下来,过安定生活”;keep

off“远离;避开”;get

up“起床”;cut

in“插嘴”。故选A项。9/26-10-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点四(·天津卷,14)Ihateitwhenshecallsmeatwork—I’malwaystoobusyto

aconversationwithher.

A.carryon B.breakintoC.turndown D.cutoff答案为A项。句意:我不喜欢她在我工作时给我打电话——我总是太忙,不能和她进行会话。carry

on“继续进行;从事”;break

into“破门而入,闯进”;turn

down“拒绝;调低”;cut

off“切断,使隔绝”。故选A项。10/26-11-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点四“动词+副词/名词+介词”短语辨析要做好这类试题,搞清题意诚然主要,但还要注意该短语尾词是介词、副词还是不定式符号to。【典例分析】(·江苏卷,33)Parentsshouldactivelyurgetheirchildrento

theopportunitytojoinsportsteams.

A.gainadmissionto B.keeptrackofC.takeadvantageof D.giveriseto答案为C项。gain

admission

to“获准进入”,keep

track

of

“了解;与……保持联络”,take

advantage

of“利用”,give

rise

to“引发,造成,造成”。句意:“父母应该主动激励孩子们把握住加入运动队机会”,故选C项。11/26-12-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点四Anyway,we’reherenow,solet’s

someseriouswork.

A.comeupwith B.getdowntoC.doawaywith D.liveupto答案为B项。考查短语动词辨析。句意:不论怎么说,现在我们在这儿了,让我们开始认真干点正事。come

up

with

“提出”;get

down

to

“开始认真地做某事”;do

away

with

“废除,废止”;live

up

to

“不辜负”。12/26-13-1.(·江苏卷,30)Aquickreviewofsuccessesandfailuresattheendofyearwillhelp

youryearahead.

A.shape B.switchC.stretch D.sharpen解析

句意:在年底快速回顾一下一年以来成功和失败将有利于规划明年。shape“塑造”;switch“转换”;stretch“伸展”;sharpen“使锐利”。故选A项。2.(·天津耀华中学二模,13)Don’tbe

byproductspromisingtomakeyouloseweightquickly.

A.takenoff B.takenoutC.takenaway D.takenin解析

句意:不要被那些承诺让你很快减轻体重产品坑骗。take

off“起飞;脱下;急忙离开”;take

out“取出;去掉;出发”;take

away“带走;使离去”;take

in“吸收;领会;坑骗”。依据句意选D项。AD13/26-14-3.(·天津南开中学三模,5)MorethantwohundredyearsagotheUnitedStates

fromtheBritishEmpireandbecameanindependentcountry.

A.gotoff B.pulleddownC.brokeaway D.droppedoff解析

句意:两百多年前,美国脱离大英帝国统治,成为一个独立国家。break

away“脱离”符合句意,故选C项。get

off“下车;动身”;pull

down“摧毁;推翻;拉下来”;drop

off“让……下车;掉落”。C14/26-15-4.(·天津河东区二模,7)Readerscan

quitewellwithoutknowingtheexactmeaningofeachword.

A.getover B.getin

C.getalong D.getthrough解析

句意:读者不需要知道每个词意思就能顺利读懂。getover“克服;恢复”;get

in“进入;渗透”;get

along

“与……和睦相处;进展”;get

through“经过;抵达;接通电话”。依据句意可知选C项。5.(·天津第一中学第五次月考,10)Theyoungmanhadfloatedintheriverfornearlytwohoursbeforehewas

bythefisherman.

A.putup B.madeupC.pickedup D.broughtup解析

句意:渔民将这位年轻人捞起来之前,他已经在河里漂浮了靠近两个小时。put

up“建造;举起;提供住宿”;make

up“组成;编造”;pick

up“捡起;救起;偶然学会”;bring

up“提出;抚养;呕吐”。故选C项。CC15/26-16-6.(·浙江卷,14)Whenthetimecametomakethefinaldecisionforacourse,Idecidedtoapplyfortheonethat

myinterest.

A.limited B.reserved

C.reflected D.spoiled7.(·江苏卷,25)Hedidnot

easily,butwaswillingtoacceptanyconstructiveadviceforaworthycause.

A.approach B.wrestleC.compromise D.communicateC解析句意:当必须最终决定选择一门课程时候,我决定申请能反应我兴趣那门课。reflect“反应;反射”,与句意相符。limit“限制”;reserve

“保留”;spoil“溺爱;毁坏”。故选C项。C解析approach“靠近,靠近”,wrestle“摔跤”,compromise“妥协”,communicate“沟通,交流”。由but前后分句语意对比判断只有C项符合语境。句意:他不轻易妥协,不过为了有价值事业,他愿意接收任何建设性提议。16/26-17-8.Schoolsshouldbelivelyplaceswhereindividualsareencouragedto

totheirgreatestpotential.

A.accelerate B.improveC.perform D.develop9.Theuniversitystartedsomenewlanguageprogramsto

thecountry’sSilkRoadEconomicBelt.

A.applyto B.caterfor

C.appealto D.huntforD解析句意:学校应该是活跃地方,在那里个体被勉励发展到最大潜能。accelerate“加速”;improve“改进”;perform“执行,完成”;develop“发展”。依据句意应选D项。B解析句意:这所大学创办了一些新语言项目来满足国家丝绸之路经济带发展需要。apply

to“适合,适应;向……申请”;cater

for

“满足需要,迎合”;appeal

to

“呼吁;吸引”;hunt

for

“搜寻”。B项符合句意。17/26-18-10.Thewholeteam

CristianoRonaldo,andheseldomletsthemdown.

A.waiton B.focusonC.counton D.callonC解析句意:整个团体都很信任克里斯蒂亚诺·罗纳尔多,他也极少让他们失望。wait

on“伺候,伺候”;focus

on“集中于,专注于”;count

on“依赖,依靠,信任”;call

on“号召”。C项符合句意。18/26-19-11.Inordernottobeheard,shepointedherfingerupwardsto_______thatsomeonewasmovingaboutupstairs.

A.whisper B.signalC.declare D.complain12.Thereisnodoubtthatthiscandidate’sadvantage

hisabilitytocommunicatewithforeignersinEnglish.

A.leavesout B.goesagainst

C.liesin D.makesupB解析句意:为了不被人听见,她竖起手指示意楼上有些人四处走动。whisper“低语,私语”;signal“示意,发信号”;declare“申明”;complain“埋怨”。依据句意可知选B项。C解析句意:毫无疑问,这位参赛选手优势在于他用英语与外国人交流能力。leave

out“省去;遗漏”;go

against“反对,违反”;lie

in“因为,在于”;make

up“组成;填补;化装”。依据句意可知选C项。19/26-20-13.Don’tworry.I’msureyourmissingglasseswill

soonerorlater.

A.standout B.breakupC.getout D.turnup14.Ifyouleavetheclub,youwillnotbe

backin.

A.received B.admittedC.turned D.movedD解析句意:不用担心。我相信你丢失眼镜迟早会找到。stand

out“突出;显眼”;break

up“分解;破裂”;get

out“离开,出去”;turn

up“调高;出现;找到”。依据句意可知选D项。B解析句意:假如你离开这家俱乐部,你就不许回来了。receive“接收”;admit“允许……进入;认可”;turn“转身;变得”;move“移动”。20/26-21-15.Thegoodthingaboutthechildrenisthatthey

veryeasilytonewenvironments.

A.adapt B.appealC.attach D.apply16.Itisreportedthatthepolicewillsoon

thecaseofthetwomissingchildren.

A.lookupon B.lookafterC.lookinto D.lookoutA解析句意:孩子们一个好方面是他们非常轻易适应新环境。adapt

to“适应”;appeal

to“吸引”;attach

to“依附于”;apply

to“应用于”。C解析句意:据报道,警方很快就会调查两个失踪儿童案件了。look

upon“对待”;look

after“照看”;look

into“调查”;look

out“小心”。21/26-22-17.Ifyouareintrouble,don’t

toaskMikeforhelp;heisalwayswillingtolendahand.

A.dream B.appeal

C.hesitate D.bend18.—Couldyoudomeafavorandtypethereport?—Sorry.I’mtoobusyanddon’thaveanytimeto

.

A.save B.balance

C.spare D.shareC解析句意:假如你有麻烦,别犹豫,直接找迈克寻求帮助。他总是很愿意帮忙。dream“梦想”;appeal

“呼吁”;hesitate

“犹豫”;bend“俯身”。依据句意可知选C项。C解析句意:——你能够帮我一下,把这份汇报打印出来吗?——对不起,我太忙了,抽不出时间。save“节约”;balance“平衡”;spare“抽出,分出”;share“共享”。22/26-23-19.Hewas

forthejobvacancybecausehecouldn’tbeontimeevenfortheinterview.

A.objected B.discouragedC.opposed D.rejectedD解析句意:他被拒绝来补上这一职位空缺,因为他连面试都不能按时抵达。object“反对”;discourage“使……泄气”;oppose“反对”;reject“拒绝”。23/26-24-20.Officialsstatedthatalargenumberofflightshadtobe________becauseofthebadweather.

A.cutoff B.brokenoffC.setoff D.putoff21.Therearemanyinconveniencesthathavetobe

whenyouarecamping.

A.putupwith B.comeupwithC.keptupwith D.caughtupwithD解析句意:官方申明,因为天气不好,大量航班必须推迟。cut

off“切断”;break

off“突然中止”,没有被动语态;set

off“出发”;put

off“推迟”。A解析句意:当你野营时,有许多不方便你必须忍受。put

up

with“忍受”;come

up

with“提出;想出”;keep