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大学英语大级相导

写作原则:

1.内容简单化接触各种思想/经历:beexposedtonew

2.结构模式化(主题句-分论点-总结)ideas/experiences/problems

3.语言要包装接触社会:comeintofrequent/closecontactwith

4.错误要回避theworld/society

不惚理由。如空必牝/获得成功:achieve/accomplishsuccess

提出观点/建议:advance/putforward/come

1、方便:convenient/convenienceupwiththearguments/ideas/suggestions

2、效率:efficient/efficiently/efficiency作出努力:make

3、节省和浪费:savetime/money/space;tremendous/persistent/sustainedefforttodosth.,take

economical,thriftwastetime/money/space;costly,greatpainstodo(withwork/study)

lavish影响学习/工作:interferewithstudies/work

4:人的心理健康:independent,cooperative,产生影响:have/exertaprofoundinfluenceon

competitive,considerate,confident,creative,life/personality,haveadramatic/undesirableeffecton

sociable,较好地驾驭生活:beabetterpilotofone'slife

perseverance;selfish,isolated,conservative剥夺机会/权力:depriveoneselfofthe

5>人的身体健康:health,disease,strong,chance/right/opportunity

strength,energetic取代就的方式:substitutefor/taketheplaceof

6、娱乐:colorful,pleasure,joy,recreation,theoldway

entertainment,relax,tired,boring,lonely采取措施:takeeffectivesteps/measuresto

7^环境:environment,pollute,poisonous,dirty控制我们的环境:take/gainincreasingcontrol

8、安全和危险:safe,danger,riskoverourownenvironment

9:经验:experience,socialexperience,enterthe躲避危险/挑战:shy/runawayfromthe

societydangers/challenge

10、人际:humane,fair,unfair,help,assist,满足要求:meet/satisfy/accommodatethe

freedom,freelydemandof

补偿损失:compensatefor/makeupforthe

基存表达你?4〃$以切皿%乞闻⑥kloss/damage

解释某现象:accountfor/explainthe

phenomenon

勿以的J;

对....很好的了解:haveabetter

越来越:beincreasingly+adj.,beontherise,understanding/appreciationof,haveanew

thegrowingnumberofperspectiveon.provide/gainaninsightinto

人们认为:itisgenerally/widely把某因素考虑进去:takesth.Into

believed/held/agreedthataccount(consideration),givemuchthoughtto

许多问题:ahostof/anumberofproblems品位人生/自由/青春:savorthe

引起人们注意:claimcall/attractlife/freedom/youth

general/public/worldattentiontosth.培养对....的信心:develop/fosterone's

意识到:thereisagrowinginterest/confidencein

awareness/realizationof/that,awakensb.tothe经历变化/困难/艰险:undergo/experiencegreat

fact/dangerchanges/hardships/experience

适应新的形势/变化:adapt/adjust/accommodate表现出自信心等:projectone's

oneselftonewenvironment/changeconfidence/feeling/image

生活充满不公正的地方:lifeisfullofminoropportunity/information

irritation/injustice有可能:thereis(little/much)

追求学习/职业:pursueone'sacademicpossibility/likelihoodthat,chances/theoddsarethat

interest/professionalcareer展开竞争:competeagainst/withsb.forthe

学习知识/技术:pursue/acquireprize/position/control/themasteryof

knowledge/technology/skill开展运动:

被看作学习的...榜样:beheldupasagoodconduct(carryon/undertake/initiate/launch/wage)a

example(vigorous/nation-wide/publicity/advertising)

交流经验/知识:sharecampaign(for/against)

experience/ideas/problems/knowledge对我很有/没有什么意义:makemuch/little

发挥/起到重要作用:playansensetome

(important/active/great)role/part带来无穷的幸福/满足:beasourceof

逃学/缺课:skipschool/aclass/ameeting/ahappinesssatisfaction/contentment/pride/complaint

lecture献身于:devote/dedicate/commitoneselftoa

知识/经验丰富:richinknowledge/experiencecause/career

确立/追求目标:set/pursueagoal/higher大不(没什么)两样:makemuch(little/no)

standarddifference

至I」达目标:achieve/accomplish/stainthe真正重要的是:whatreallymatters/accounts

goal/aim/objectiveis…

克服困难:overcomeobstacles/difficulty改变生活旅程:change/alterthecourseoflife

面临危险/困难:beconfronted/facedwith/in建立在大量的学习/实践上:builton

thefaceofdanger/difficultytremendousamountofstudy/practice

阻碍了成功:standinthewayofsuccess,bean进行调查/执行任务:conduct/carryoutan

obstacle/barriertosuccess/growthstudy/task/experiment

阻碍了发展:hamper/impede/stuntthe辞去工作/学习:leave/quitone's

developmentofjob/work/school

持传统的看法:holdconventionalwisdom参加考试/竞赛等:enter(for)the

发表看法:voice/expressone*sopinionexamination/contest,race

持相反/合理的观点:taketheopposite/fresh参加活动/讨论:takepart/participate/be

viewengagedinsports/activities/discussion

揭穿某种一贯的说法:shatterthemythof影响思想/态度/事件的形成:shapeone's

求得帮助:enlistone'ssupport/helpthinking/attitude

缩小差别:bridge/narrow/fillthegap/gulf进入大学/社会/家庭/劳力市场/职业:entera

(betweencityandcountry)school/college/society/theworkforce/professionals

把成功/错误归咎于:attribute/ownthe实现自己的理想/愿望:realize/fulEH/achieve

success/failuretoone*sdream(hops/wish/desire)

对...重要:beindispensable/important/vitalto减轻压力/紧张:reduce/alleviate/relievethe

施力口压力:put/exertaacademicpressureonstress/pressure/tension

重视:assign/attachmuch提高社会地位:enhance/improve/upgradesocial

importance/significancetostatus/position/standingrisetothepositionof

强调:place/putmuchemphasis/stress/valueonleadership

把注意力集中在:focus/concentrateone's提高技术/能力:sharpen

attention/efforts/thoughtsupon(increase/improve/enhance/boost)one'sskill/ability

提供机会/信息:provide/offer/furnishan加快/促进发展:

opportunity/informationforsb.accelerate/facilitate/advance/enhance/boostthe

抓住机会:grab/seize/taketheopportunitydevelopmentof

得到机会:enjoy/gainaccesstoa随着生活节奏的加快:withthequickening

pace/rhythm/tempoofmodemlife/societyAsone

开阔眼界/兴趣:broadenon"sinterest/outlook,+[scientist\writer\doctor\psychologist]4-[wrote\comm

expand(broaden/enlarge)one*smentalhorizonsented\pointedout\noted],...

有助于了解/发展/宣传/解决:contribute七、分析

much/little/greatly/toabetterunderstandingof7theItseems

popularityof/thegrowthof7thesolutionof+[quite\almostj+[(un)likely\(im)possible\(in)credible\

有助于解决问题:goalongwayto(towards)(in)conceivable]+that...

solvingtheproblem

迷恋名利/分数:beobsessed/preoccupiedwith

范例对比:

grades/fame/fbrtune

把时间花/浪费在:spend/wastetimedoingsth.,①11分

putinhoursdoingsth.Whenitcomestoreading,somepeoplethink

利用机会/技术:make(full/better)useof/takethatreadingselectivelyisagoodway,butsomeother

advantageofopportunity/time,tap/harnesspeopledonotagreewiththem,theythinkthat

technologypotential/skills/talentreadingextensivelyisbetter.

把知识/经验运用到…:apply/puttheThosepeople,whothinkthatreadingselectively

theory/knowledge/experience…topractice/dailyisbetter,believethatgoodbooksareasmanyasbad

life/goodusebooks.Thosegoodbookscangiveuspleasureand

取得进步:makemuchprogress/strides/gainsinknowledge,whilethosebadbookscanonlyleadus

充分发挥潜力/能力:developone'stothewrongway.So,theysuggestthatweshould

ability/potentialtothefull,givefullplaytoone'sonlychoosethegoodbookstoreadandnevertouch

abilitythebadbooks.

充满激情/渴望:haveaburningdesire/agreat注:l."people,who”应去掉逗号,改为非限制

passionfor定语从句。

2.theysuggestthat=theythinkthat

文拿工体句K&3.touch碰,闪光点词汇,如教材P7:

shouldertheresponsibilityofdoingsth.肩负起责任

一、原因结果But,theotherpeople,whoholdthatreading

Thereareprobablyextensivelyisbetter,thinkthatonekindofbookscan

+[many\several\threej+[resons\causesj+forthisonlygiveusoneaspectofknowledge.Eventhebest

+[dramatic\marked]+[increase\decline\change]+in...bookonlycontainsonefieldofinformation.So,they

二、比较对照caneasilycometotheconclusionthat“toknowmore,

[Thereisnodoubtthat\Obviously,]+ithastoreadmore”.Sotheybelievethatreading

[its\both|+[drawbacks\disadvantages\negativeextensivelyisbetter.

effects]+[aswellas\and]+[merits\advantages\positiveTomypoint,weshouldchoosegoodbooksto

effectsJ...readandreadgoodbooksasmanyaspossible.By

三、例证thisway,wecanincreasethequalityandquantityof

Wemay+[cite\quote\mention\take\pointoutj+[areading.

single\acommon\another]+exampleof...

四、事实

Noonecan+[deny\doubt\ignor\overlook]+the

④14分

+[bare\hard\essential\profbund]+factthat...

Howshouldweread?Shouldweread

五、数据调查

selectivelyorextensively?Everyonehashisown

A+[recent\new\nationwideJ+[study\survey\poll\i

view.(启)

nvestigation]+[conducted\taken]+[atafactory\by

注:1.第一句提出问题,第二句提出两种见解

officials]...

Somepeoplethinkweshouldreadselectively.

六、权威(专家)

Theyarguethatwiththedevelopmentofmodem

scienceandtechnology,moreandmorebooksare(1)提出一种观点或优点;

published.Itisimpossibleforustoreadallthebooks.(2)本段的支持性分论点;

What'smore,therearemanybadbooksthatare(3)本段总结(可以省略)。

poisonoustoourmind,andweshouldn'treadthem.(转)ParagraphIII:

Sincewecan'treadallthebooksandweshouldn't(1)承上启下的过渡句;

readbadbooks,wemustreadselectively.(承)(2)提出另一种观点或缺点;

注:1.本段总分总结构(3)本段的支持性分论点

2.theyarguethat=theythinkthat(4)本段总(可以省略)。

3.withthedevelopmentof...(合)ParagraphIV:

4.what*smore递进关系,moreover(1)平衡两种看法;

Butothersmaynotagree,theyemphasizethat(2)给出自己的观点。

today'ssocietyisnotwhatitwas.Ifonemanhas

manykindsofknowledge,hewillhavemorechances

99年6月真题

tosucceed.Ifamanknowsmuchinonefieldbut

knowsnothinginotherfields,hemaybeuseless.

ReadingSelectivelyOrExtensively?

Sincewemusthavemanykindsofknowledge,we

Outline:1.有人认为读书要有选择

mustreadextensively.(转)

.有人认为应当博览群书

注:l.But转折词2

2.theyemphasizethat=theythinkthat3.我的想法

3.today*ssocietyisnotwhatitwas现代社①11分

会今昔非比Whenitcomestoreading,somepeoplethink

4.许多知识awiderangeof/alargescopethatreadingselectivelyisagoodway,butsomeother

of/much;获取知识acquire/getknowledgepeopledonotagreewiththem,theythinkthat

5.knowsnothing-little;hemaybeuselessreadingextensivelyisbetter.

—hemaynotbeofgreatusetothesociety后者比Thosepeople,whothinkthatreadingselectively

前者更委婉isbetter,believethatgoodbooksareasmanyasbad

Who'sright?Ithinkbothofthemhavebooks.Thosegoodbookscangiveuspleasureand

somethingright.ButIthinkweshouldreadknowledge,whilethosebadbookscanonlyleadus

extensivelyfirst.Weshouldreadbooksinmanytothewrongway.So,theysuggestthatweshould

fields,andreadselectivelyinonefield.(合)onlychoosethegoodbookstoreadandnevertouch

thebadbooks.

题型台类(

ClassificationofeveryBut,theotherpeople,whoholdthatreading

extensivelyisbetter,thinkthatonekindofbookscan

essav):onlygiveusoneaspectofknowledge.Eventhebest

一、第一种题型(对比观点选择题;EssayI):bookonlycontainsonefieldofinformation.So,they

(一)题型特点:caneasilycometotheconclusionthat“toknowmore,

1、大多为三点提纲,提纲模式一般为:有一toreadmore”.Sotheybelievethatreading

些人……;还有人……;我的看法或观点;extensivelyisbetter.

2、少数时候也会出现两点提纲的情况,此时Tomypoint,weshouldchoosegoodbooksto

可以补充成三点提纲来写作。readandreadgoodbooksasmanyaspossible.By

thisway,wecanincreasethequalityandquantityof

典型的对比观点选择题的文章逻辑结构:reading.

(启)ParagraphI:

(1)引出将要评论的事物或者是观点;②5分

(2)简明扼要的提出人们在这个问题上的两种Ithinkreadingnotonlyselectivelybutalso

不同看法。extensively.Becausethetwosidesarenotcontradict.

(承)ParagraphII:Ourtimeislimited.Sowecannotreadeverybookin

theworld.However,wewillnotbeinterestedintoday'ssocietyisnotwhatitwas.Ifonemanhas

everybook.Weshouldreadthosebooksmaybemanykindsofknowledge,hewillhavemorechances

usefultoours,readthosebookswhichwelike.Buttosucceed.Ifamanknowsmuchinonefieldbut

thosebookswhichwechoosemustbeextensivelysoknowsnothinginotherfields,hemaybeuseless.

itcangiveoursallkindsofknowledge,newsandsoSincewemusthavemanykindsofknowledge,we

on,italsomakeoursbecomeawiseman.Ontheonemustreadextensively.

handreadingselectivelyletoursnotwasteourtimeWho'sright?Ithinkbothofthemhave

whichitislimited.Moreoveritcanemphasisamongsomethingright.ButIthinkweshouldread

allbooksthatwecanread.Ontheotherhandreadingextensivelyfirst.Weshouldreadbooksinmany

extensivelycandealwithallkindsofneedinourlife.fields,andreadselectivelyinonefield.

Theyareallusefultoours.

失分原因:分段太少,语法错误太多⑤8分

Somepeoplethinkreadingshallbechosen.

Becausesomebooksaregoodtohumanbeingsand

③2分

somebooksareharmfultopeople.

Mostpeoplethoughtthatreadbooksshould

Somepeoplethinkthatmenshouldreadbooks

havebeenselective.Butothersbelievedreading

widely.Becausewidereadingcanhelpmangetmuch

extensivelywascorrection.

knowledge.Andmancanuseittochangetheworld.

Selectivebooksorreadingextensively?

Itismypointthatreadingmustbeselectively.

Sure,youcanchoiceonefrompreviousideas,

Becausereadingisimportanttoman.Somebooks

ononehand,Therearetoobooktoreadforus.

canhelpmanbutsomebookscanleadsomepeople

Weshouldchoosethosewhichweinterested,andit

tocrime.Itcanbeseeninthenewspapersand

wouldbehelpfulforus.

watchedonTV.Wecanmakefulluseofsomegood

Onanotherhand.Someone'sinterestingwas

booksandgainmoreusefulknowledge.Itcanmake

wide.Eachbookcouldbringyouspecificcontainwe

ourlifemorebeautiful.Wemustgiveupthose

couldn'treadingatonlyonelevel.

unhelpfulbooks.Theyarenotgoodtous.Reading

Iconfirmedalloftheseideasweregoodbut

themiswastingtimeandmoney.Soreading

weren'twise.

selectivelyisanimportantpartinreading.

Asareader,themaintaskistodiscovermore

失分原因:结构失调,表述方式单一

andmorebooksthesecondtaskistoheldsome

whichwonderfulandhelpfulfbrus.Don'ttreatthese

二、第二种题型(社会热点话题;EssayII):

bookswithrecklessabandon.

(一)题型特点:

Thebesttechnologyofreadingisconnect.

1、应该为三点提纲,但是通常以两点提纲

失分原因:分段太多,语法错误太多

出现的题目居多,所涉及主题为当时社

会执占.

④14分

2、如果是两点提纲,则补充成三点提纲写作。

Howshouldweread?Shouldweread

3、通常模式为:现象概述一细节(原因、危

selectivelyorextensively?Everyonehashisown害、方式等)一自我评论

view.

Somepeoplethinkweshouldreadselectively.

Theyarguethatwiththedevelopmentofmodem2000年1月真题

scienceandtechnology,moreandmorebooksare

Direction:Forthispart,youareallowedthirty

published.Itisimpossibleforustoreadallthebooks.

What'smore,therearemanybadbooksthatareminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicHowI

poisonoustoourmind,andweshouldn'treadthem.FinanceMyCollegeEducation.Youshouldwrite

Sincewecan'treadallthebooksandweshouldn'tatleast120words,andbaseyourcompositionon

readbadbooks,wemustreadselectively.

theoutline(giveninChinese)below.

Butothersmaynotagree,theyemphasizethat

1.上大学的费用(tuitionandfees)可以通过多种theireducation.IncitiessuchasBeijing,Shanghai

andGuangzhou,therearemanypart-timejob

途径解决

opportunitiesforstudentsbothonandoffcampus.

2.哪种途径适合于我(说明理由)

注:I.source来源,TVprogramismainsource

ofmypleasure电视是我欢乐的主要来源

Nowadays,tuitionandfeesforcollegearemuch

2.available重要词汇,Areyoustill

higherthaneverbefore.Howtofinanceyourcollege

available?你还单身吗?

educationhasbecomeamatterofconcernformany.

3.takepart-timejob打工,还可以用doout

Youcandealwithinmanyways.Youcangetallof

job\temporaryjob

themoneyfromyourparents.Youcanapplyfora

4.onandoff校园内外

loanespeciallysetupforcollegestudents.Youcan

Personally,Ibelieveascholarshipisthebest

alsoacquirethemoneycompletelybyyourself,doing

waytofundaneducationasitnotonlypaysforfees

afull-timejobinsummerorwinterholiday.In

andtuition,butalsoencouragesstudyinghard.

addition,youcanaskyourparentsformostofitand

earntherestinyoursparetimeincollege,bydoinga

三、第三种题型(图标题;Report;EssayIII):

part-timejob.(一)题型特点:

注:1.第一句引言。

1、以图表作为信息来源的写作模式

2.太多youcan重复使用,缺乏变化

2、通常模式为:描述图表一解释原因一自我

Inmyopinion,Ipreferthelastway.Having评论

acquiredmostofthetuitionandfeesfrommyparents,图表题文章写作逻辑结构:

Ineedn'tworrytoomuchaboutthemoneyandcanParagraphI:

concentrateonmystudy;ontheotherhand,a

(1)描述图表:趋势描写:

part-timejobinmysparetimemakesmycampus-life

(2)描述图表:必要数据支持(细节性)。

colorful.Icanmakealotoffriends,improvemyParagraphII:

abilitiesandleamlotsofknowledge.So,Ichoose

(1)提出自己理由和观点;

thiswaytocovermytuitionandfees.

(2)细节性分论点(支持自己观点)。

缺点:缺少连贯性

ParagraphIII:

(1)预测未来和提出解决方法;

HowIFinanceMyCollege(2)总结全文和表达作者自己观点。

Education?图表题:

三图一表一柱状图(BarGraph).线形图

PreviouslyinChina,auniversityeducationwas

(LineGraph)、饼状图(PieGraph),表格

fundedbythegovernment.Thissituationischanging(Table)

andstudentsmustnowfinancetheirowneducation.

Asaresult,studentsarenowfacedwiththequestion

“howtopayformycollegeeducation”?

注:This指代前文

Thereareseveralpossiblewaystoraisethe

moneytopayforfeesandtuitions.Parentsarea

sourceforcollegefunding,asisthecasewithmostBarGraph

students.Scholarshipsarealsoavailableforstudents

withoutstandingacademicperformance.Because

scholarshipsarecompetitive,theyarenotavailableto

everyone.StudentscanalsotakeoutaloanfromtheCarAccidentsDeclininginWalton

bank.Bankscanprovideloanstostudentswithout

collateralforthosewhoneedthem.And,manyCity

studentscantakeonpart-timejobstohelpfinance

Accordingtothegraph,theriseandfallofthePhilosophyDepartment.

rateofcaraccidentsinWaltonCityvarieswiththe/1ama...atyour...

seasons.FromJanuarytoMarchlastyearitincreased/Iama...atyourcollege,enrolledinthe...

by68%,fromMarchtoJuneitdroppedbyabouthalfcourse.

thepreviousrate;andfromJunetoAugusttherewas/MynameisIam....

asteepriseof66.6%,Afterthat,however,there2、问候收信人(假如他/她是你的朋友)

wasasteadydecrease,andthismakesusoptimisticDearPrometheus,

thatcaraccidentsaredeclininginWaltonCity.Hello/Hi.Howareyou?/Ihopeeverythingis

注:1.Accordingtothegraph如图所示,还可fine./Howarethingsgoingwithyou?

以说成Ascanbeseenfromthegraph/Howareyougettingonin.......?

2.steeprise陡然上升,steadydecrease缓3、解释写信的原因

慢下降(1)致谢:

Ther

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