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大学英语大级相导
写作原则:
1.内容简单化接触各种思想/经历:beexposedtonew
2.结构模式化(主题句-分论点-总结)ideas/experiences/problems
3.语言要包装接触社会:comeintofrequent/closecontactwith
4.错误要回避theworld/society
不惚理由。如空必牝/获得成功:achieve/accomplishsuccess
提出观点/建议:advance/putforward/come
1、方便:convenient/convenienceupwiththearguments/ideas/suggestions
2、效率:efficient/efficiently/efficiency作出努力:make
3、节省和浪费:savetime/money/space;tremendous/persistent/sustainedefforttodosth.,take
economical,thriftwastetime/money/space;costly,greatpainstodo(withwork/study)
lavish影响学习/工作:interferewithstudies/work
4:人的心理健康:independent,cooperative,产生影响:have/exertaprofoundinfluenceon
competitive,considerate,confident,creative,life/personality,haveadramatic/undesirableeffecton
sociable,较好地驾驭生活:beabetterpilotofone'slife
perseverance;selfish,isolated,conservative剥夺机会/权力:depriveoneselfofthe
5>人的身体健康:health,disease,strong,chance/right/opportunity
strength,energetic取代就的方式:substitutefor/taketheplaceof
6、娱乐:colorful,pleasure,joy,recreation,theoldway
entertainment,relax,tired,boring,lonely采取措施:takeeffectivesteps/measuresto
7^环境:environment,pollute,poisonous,dirty控制我们的环境:take/gainincreasingcontrol
8、安全和危险:safe,danger,riskoverourownenvironment
9:经验:experience,socialexperience,enterthe躲避危险/挑战:shy/runawayfromthe
societydangers/challenge
10、人际:humane,fair,unfair,help,assist,满足要求:meet/satisfy/accommodatethe
freedom,freelydemandof
补偿损失:compensatefor/makeupforthe
基存表达你?4〃$以切皿%乞闻⑥kloss/damage
解释某现象:accountfor/explainthe
phenomenon
勿以的J;
对....很好的了解:haveabetter
越来越:beincreasingly+adj.,beontherise,understanding/appreciationof,haveanew
thegrowingnumberofperspectiveon.provide/gainaninsightinto
人们认为:itisgenerally/widely把某因素考虑进去:takesth.Into
believed/held/agreedthataccount(consideration),givemuchthoughtto
许多问题:ahostof/anumberofproblems品位人生/自由/青春:savorthe
引起人们注意:claimcall/attractlife/freedom/youth
general/public/worldattentiontosth.培养对....的信心:develop/fosterone's
意识到:thereisagrowinginterest/confidencein
awareness/realizationof/that,awakensb.tothe经历变化/困难/艰险:undergo/experiencegreat
fact/dangerchanges/hardships/experience
适应新的形势/变化:adapt/adjust/accommodate表现出自信心等:projectone's
oneselftonewenvironment/changeconfidence/feeling/image
生活充满不公正的地方:lifeisfullofminoropportunity/information
irritation/injustice有可能:thereis(little/much)
追求学习/职业:pursueone'sacademicpossibility/likelihoodthat,chances/theoddsarethat
interest/professionalcareer展开竞争:competeagainst/withsb.forthe
学习知识/技术:pursue/acquireprize/position/control/themasteryof
knowledge/technology/skill开展运动:
被看作学习的...榜样:beheldupasagoodconduct(carryon/undertake/initiate/launch/wage)a
example(vigorous/nation-wide/publicity/advertising)
交流经验/知识:sharecampaign(for/against)
experience/ideas/problems/knowledge对我很有/没有什么意义:makemuch/little
发挥/起到重要作用:playansensetome
(important/active/great)role/part带来无穷的幸福/满足:beasourceof
逃学/缺课:skipschool/aclass/ameeting/ahappinesssatisfaction/contentment/pride/complaint
lecture献身于:devote/dedicate/commitoneselftoa
知识/经验丰富:richinknowledge/experiencecause/career
确立/追求目标:set/pursueagoal/higher大不(没什么)两样:makemuch(little/no)
standarddifference
至I」达目标:achieve/accomplish/stainthe真正重要的是:whatreallymatters/accounts
goal/aim/objectiveis…
克服困难:overcomeobstacles/difficulty改变生活旅程:change/alterthecourseoflife
面临危险/困难:beconfronted/facedwith/in建立在大量的学习/实践上:builton
thefaceofdanger/difficultytremendousamountofstudy/practice
阻碍了成功:standinthewayofsuccess,bean进行调查/执行任务:conduct/carryoutan
obstacle/barriertosuccess/growthstudy/task/experiment
阻碍了发展:hamper/impede/stuntthe辞去工作/学习:leave/quitone's
developmentofjob/work/school
持传统的看法:holdconventionalwisdom参加考试/竞赛等:enter(for)the
发表看法:voice/expressone*sopinionexamination/contest,race
持相反/合理的观点:taketheopposite/fresh参加活动/讨论:takepart/participate/be
viewengagedinsports/activities/discussion
揭穿某种一贯的说法:shatterthemythof影响思想/态度/事件的形成:shapeone's
求得帮助:enlistone'ssupport/helpthinking/attitude
缩小差别:bridge/narrow/fillthegap/gulf进入大学/社会/家庭/劳力市场/职业:entera
(betweencityandcountry)school/college/society/theworkforce/professionals
把成功/错误归咎于:attribute/ownthe实现自己的理想/愿望:realize/fulEH/achieve
success/failuretoone*sdream(hops/wish/desire)
对...重要:beindispensable/important/vitalto减轻压力/紧张:reduce/alleviate/relievethe
施力口压力:put/exertaacademicpressureonstress/pressure/tension
重视:assign/attachmuch提高社会地位:enhance/improve/upgradesocial
importance/significancetostatus/position/standingrisetothepositionof
强调:place/putmuchemphasis/stress/valueonleadership
把注意力集中在:focus/concentrateone's提高技术/能力:sharpen
attention/efforts/thoughtsupon(increase/improve/enhance/boost)one'sskill/ability
提供机会/信息:provide/offer/furnishan加快/促进发展:
opportunity/informationforsb.accelerate/facilitate/advance/enhance/boostthe
抓住机会:grab/seize/taketheopportunitydevelopmentof
得到机会:enjoy/gainaccesstoa随着生活节奏的加快:withthequickening
pace/rhythm/tempoofmodemlife/societyAsone
开阔眼界/兴趣:broadenon"sinterest/outlook,+[scientist\writer\doctor\psychologist]4-[wrote\comm
expand(broaden/enlarge)one*smentalhorizonsented\pointedout\noted],...
有助于了解/发展/宣传/解决:contribute七、分析
much/little/greatly/toabetterunderstandingof7theItseems
popularityof/thegrowthof7thesolutionof+[quite\almostj+[(un)likely\(im)possible\(in)credible\
有助于解决问题:goalongwayto(towards)(in)conceivable]+that...
solvingtheproblem
迷恋名利/分数:beobsessed/preoccupiedwith
范例对比:
grades/fame/fbrtune
把时间花/浪费在:spend/wastetimedoingsth.,①11分
putinhoursdoingsth.Whenitcomestoreading,somepeoplethink
利用机会/技术:make(full/better)useof/takethatreadingselectivelyisagoodway,butsomeother
advantageofopportunity/time,tap/harnesspeopledonotagreewiththem,theythinkthat
technologypotential/skills/talentreadingextensivelyisbetter.
把知识/经验运用到…:apply/puttheThosepeople,whothinkthatreadingselectively
theory/knowledge/experience…topractice/dailyisbetter,believethatgoodbooksareasmanyasbad
life/goodusebooks.Thosegoodbookscangiveuspleasureand
取得进步:makemuchprogress/strides/gainsinknowledge,whilethosebadbookscanonlyleadus
充分发挥潜力/能力:developone'stothewrongway.So,theysuggestthatweshould
ability/potentialtothefull,givefullplaytoone'sonlychoosethegoodbookstoreadandnevertouch
abilitythebadbooks.
充满激情/渴望:haveaburningdesire/agreat注:l."people,who”应去掉逗号,改为非限制
passionfor定语从句。
2.theysuggestthat=theythinkthat
文拿工体句K&3.touch碰,闪光点词汇,如教材P7:
shouldertheresponsibilityofdoingsth.肩负起责任
一、原因结果But,theotherpeople,whoholdthatreading
Thereareprobablyextensivelyisbetter,thinkthatonekindofbookscan
+[many\several\threej+[resons\causesj+forthisonlygiveusoneaspectofknowledge.Eventhebest
+[dramatic\marked]+[increase\decline\change]+in...bookonlycontainsonefieldofinformation.So,they
二、比较对照caneasilycometotheconclusionthat“toknowmore,
[Thereisnodoubtthat\Obviously,]+ithastoreadmore”.Sotheybelievethatreading
[its\both|+[drawbacks\disadvantages\negativeextensivelyisbetter.
effects]+[aswellas\and]+[merits\advantages\positiveTomypoint,weshouldchoosegoodbooksto
effectsJ...readandreadgoodbooksasmanyaspossible.By
三、例证thisway,wecanincreasethequalityandquantityof
Wemay+[cite\quote\mention\take\pointoutj+[areading.
single\acommon\another]+exampleof...
四、事实
Noonecan+[deny\doubt\ignor\overlook]+the
④14分
+[bare\hard\essential\profbund]+factthat...
Howshouldweread?Shouldweread
五、数据调查
selectivelyorextensively?Everyonehashisown
A+[recent\new\nationwideJ+[study\survey\poll\i
view.(启)
nvestigation]+[conducted\taken]+[atafactory\by
注:1.第一句提出问题,第二句提出两种见解
officials]...
Somepeoplethinkweshouldreadselectively.
六、权威(专家)
Theyarguethatwiththedevelopmentofmodem
scienceandtechnology,moreandmorebooksare(1)提出一种观点或优点;
published.Itisimpossibleforustoreadallthebooks.(2)本段的支持性分论点;
What'smore,therearemanybadbooksthatare(3)本段总结(可以省略)。
poisonoustoourmind,andweshouldn'treadthem.(转)ParagraphIII:
Sincewecan'treadallthebooksandweshouldn't(1)承上启下的过渡句;
readbadbooks,wemustreadselectively.(承)(2)提出另一种观点或缺点;
注:1.本段总分总结构(3)本段的支持性分论点
2.theyarguethat=theythinkthat(4)本段总(可以省略)。
3.withthedevelopmentof...(合)ParagraphIV:
4.what*smore递进关系,moreover(1)平衡两种看法;
Butothersmaynotagree,theyemphasizethat(2)给出自己的观点。
today'ssocietyisnotwhatitwas.Ifonemanhas
manykindsofknowledge,hewillhavemorechances
99年6月真题
tosucceed.Ifamanknowsmuchinonefieldbut
knowsnothinginotherfields,hemaybeuseless.
ReadingSelectivelyOrExtensively?
Sincewemusthavemanykindsofknowledge,we
Outline:1.有人认为读书要有选择
mustreadextensively.(转)
.有人认为应当博览群书
注:l.But转折词2
2.theyemphasizethat=theythinkthat3.我的想法
3.today*ssocietyisnotwhatitwas现代社①11分
会今昔非比Whenitcomestoreading,somepeoplethink
4.许多知识awiderangeof/alargescopethatreadingselectivelyisagoodway,butsomeother
of/much;获取知识acquire/getknowledgepeopledonotagreewiththem,theythinkthat
5.knowsnothing-little;hemaybeuselessreadingextensivelyisbetter.
—hemaynotbeofgreatusetothesociety后者比Thosepeople,whothinkthatreadingselectively
前者更委婉isbetter,believethatgoodbooksareasmanyasbad
Who'sright?Ithinkbothofthemhavebooks.Thosegoodbookscangiveuspleasureand
somethingright.ButIthinkweshouldreadknowledge,whilethosebadbookscanonlyleadus
extensivelyfirst.Weshouldreadbooksinmanytothewrongway.So,theysuggestthatweshould
fields,andreadselectivelyinonefield.(合)onlychoosethegoodbookstoreadandnevertouch
thebadbooks.
题型台类(
ClassificationofeveryBut,theotherpeople,whoholdthatreading
extensivelyisbetter,thinkthatonekindofbookscan
essav):onlygiveusoneaspectofknowledge.Eventhebest
一、第一种题型(对比观点选择题;EssayI):bookonlycontainsonefieldofinformation.So,they
(一)题型特点:caneasilycometotheconclusionthat“toknowmore,
1、大多为三点提纲,提纲模式一般为:有一toreadmore”.Sotheybelievethatreading
些人……;还有人……;我的看法或观点;extensivelyisbetter.
2、少数时候也会出现两点提纲的情况,此时Tomypoint,weshouldchoosegoodbooksto
可以补充成三点提纲来写作。readandreadgoodbooksasmanyaspossible.By
thisway,wecanincreasethequalityandquantityof
典型的对比观点选择题的文章逻辑结构:reading.
(启)ParagraphI:
(1)引出将要评论的事物或者是观点;②5分
(2)简明扼要的提出人们在这个问题上的两种Ithinkreadingnotonlyselectivelybutalso
不同看法。extensively.Becausethetwosidesarenotcontradict.
(承)ParagraphII:Ourtimeislimited.Sowecannotreadeverybookin
theworld.However,wewillnotbeinterestedintoday'ssocietyisnotwhatitwas.Ifonemanhas
everybook.Weshouldreadthosebooksmaybemanykindsofknowledge,hewillhavemorechances
usefultoours,readthosebookswhichwelike.Buttosucceed.Ifamanknowsmuchinonefieldbut
thosebookswhichwechoosemustbeextensivelysoknowsnothinginotherfields,hemaybeuseless.
itcangiveoursallkindsofknowledge,newsandsoSincewemusthavemanykindsofknowledge,we
on,italsomakeoursbecomeawiseman.Ontheonemustreadextensively.
handreadingselectivelyletoursnotwasteourtimeWho'sright?Ithinkbothofthemhave
whichitislimited.Moreoveritcanemphasisamongsomethingright.ButIthinkweshouldread
allbooksthatwecanread.Ontheotherhandreadingextensivelyfirst.Weshouldreadbooksinmany
extensivelycandealwithallkindsofneedinourlife.fields,andreadselectivelyinonefield.
Theyareallusefultoours.
失分原因:分段太少,语法错误太多⑤8分
Somepeoplethinkreadingshallbechosen.
Becausesomebooksaregoodtohumanbeingsand
③2分
somebooksareharmfultopeople.
Mostpeoplethoughtthatreadbooksshould
Somepeoplethinkthatmenshouldreadbooks
havebeenselective.Butothersbelievedreading
widely.Becausewidereadingcanhelpmangetmuch
extensivelywascorrection.
knowledge.Andmancanuseittochangetheworld.
Selectivebooksorreadingextensively?
Itismypointthatreadingmustbeselectively.
Sure,youcanchoiceonefrompreviousideas,
Becausereadingisimportanttoman.Somebooks
ononehand,Therearetoobooktoreadforus.
canhelpmanbutsomebookscanleadsomepeople
Weshouldchoosethosewhichweinterested,andit
tocrime.Itcanbeseeninthenewspapersand
wouldbehelpfulforus.
watchedonTV.Wecanmakefulluseofsomegood
Onanotherhand.Someone'sinterestingwas
booksandgainmoreusefulknowledge.Itcanmake
wide.Eachbookcouldbringyouspecificcontainwe
ourlifemorebeautiful.Wemustgiveupthose
couldn'treadingatonlyonelevel.
unhelpfulbooks.Theyarenotgoodtous.Reading
Iconfirmedalloftheseideasweregoodbut
themiswastingtimeandmoney.Soreading
weren'twise.
selectivelyisanimportantpartinreading.
Asareader,themaintaskistodiscovermore
失分原因:结构失调,表述方式单一
andmorebooksthesecondtaskistoheldsome
whichwonderfulandhelpfulfbrus.Don'ttreatthese
二、第二种题型(社会热点话题;EssayII):
bookswithrecklessabandon.
(一)题型特点:
Thebesttechnologyofreadingisconnect.
1、应该为三点提纲,但是通常以两点提纲
失分原因:分段太多,语法错误太多
出现的题目居多,所涉及主题为当时社
会执占.
④14分
2、如果是两点提纲,则补充成三点提纲写作。
Howshouldweread?Shouldweread
3、通常模式为:现象概述一细节(原因、危
selectivelyorextensively?Everyonehashisown害、方式等)一自我评论
view.
Somepeoplethinkweshouldreadselectively.
Theyarguethatwiththedevelopmentofmodem2000年1月真题
scienceandtechnology,moreandmorebooksare
Direction:Forthispart,youareallowedthirty
published.Itisimpossibleforustoreadallthebooks.
What'smore,therearemanybadbooksthatareminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicHowI
poisonoustoourmind,andweshouldn'treadthem.FinanceMyCollegeEducation.Youshouldwrite
Sincewecan'treadallthebooksandweshouldn'tatleast120words,andbaseyourcompositionon
readbadbooks,wemustreadselectively.
theoutline(giveninChinese)below.
Butothersmaynotagree,theyemphasizethat
1.上大学的费用(tuitionandfees)可以通过多种theireducation.IncitiessuchasBeijing,Shanghai
andGuangzhou,therearemanypart-timejob
途径解决
opportunitiesforstudentsbothonandoffcampus.
2.哪种途径适合于我(说明理由)
注:I.source来源,TVprogramismainsource
ofmypleasure电视是我欢乐的主要来源
Nowadays,tuitionandfeesforcollegearemuch
2.available重要词汇,Areyoustill
higherthaneverbefore.Howtofinanceyourcollege
available?你还单身吗?
educationhasbecomeamatterofconcernformany.
3.takepart-timejob打工,还可以用doout
Youcandealwithinmanyways.Youcangetallof
job\temporaryjob
themoneyfromyourparents.Youcanapplyfora
4.onandoff校园内外
loanespeciallysetupforcollegestudents.Youcan
Personally,Ibelieveascholarshipisthebest
alsoacquirethemoneycompletelybyyourself,doing
waytofundaneducationasitnotonlypaysforfees
afull-timejobinsummerorwinterholiday.In
andtuition,butalsoencouragesstudyinghard.
addition,youcanaskyourparentsformostofitand
earntherestinyoursparetimeincollege,bydoinga
三、第三种题型(图标题;Report;EssayIII):
part-timejob.(一)题型特点:
注:1.第一句引言。
1、以图表作为信息来源的写作模式
2.太多youcan重复使用,缺乏变化
2、通常模式为:描述图表一解释原因一自我
Inmyopinion,Ipreferthelastway.Having评论
acquiredmostofthetuitionandfeesfrommyparents,图表题文章写作逻辑结构:
Ineedn'tworrytoomuchaboutthemoneyandcanParagraphI:
concentrateonmystudy;ontheotherhand,a
(1)描述图表:趋势描写:
part-timejobinmysparetimemakesmycampus-life
(2)描述图表:必要数据支持(细节性)。
colorful.Icanmakealotoffriends,improvemyParagraphII:
abilitiesandleamlotsofknowledge.So,Ichoose
(1)提出自己理由和观点;
thiswaytocovermytuitionandfees.
(2)细节性分论点(支持自己观点)。
缺点:缺少连贯性
ParagraphIII:
(1)预测未来和提出解决方法;
HowIFinanceMyCollege(2)总结全文和表达作者自己观点。
Education?图表题:
三图一表一柱状图(BarGraph).线形图
PreviouslyinChina,auniversityeducationwas
(LineGraph)、饼状图(PieGraph),表格
fundedbythegovernment.Thissituationischanging(Table)
andstudentsmustnowfinancetheirowneducation.
Asaresult,studentsarenowfacedwiththequestion
“howtopayformycollegeeducation”?
注:This指代前文
Thereareseveralpossiblewaystoraisethe
moneytopayforfeesandtuitions.Parentsarea
sourceforcollegefunding,asisthecasewithmostBarGraph
students.Scholarshipsarealsoavailableforstudents
withoutstandingacademicperformance.Because
scholarshipsarecompetitive,theyarenotavailableto
everyone.StudentscanalsotakeoutaloanfromtheCarAccidentsDeclininginWalton
bank.Bankscanprovideloanstostudentswithout
collateralforthosewhoneedthem.And,manyCity
studentscantakeonpart-timejobstohelpfinance
Accordingtothegraph,theriseandfallofthePhilosophyDepartment.
rateofcaraccidentsinWaltonCityvarieswiththe/1ama...atyour...
seasons.FromJanuarytoMarchlastyearitincreased/Iama...atyourcollege,enrolledinthe...
by68%,fromMarchtoJuneitdroppedbyabouthalfcourse.
thepreviousrate;andfromJunetoAugusttherewas/MynameisIam....
asteepriseof66.6%,Afterthat,however,there2、问候收信人(假如他/她是你的朋友)
wasasteadydecrease,andthismakesusoptimisticDearPrometheus,
thatcaraccidentsaredeclininginWaltonCity.Hello/Hi.Howareyou?/Ihopeeverythingis
注:1.Accordingtothegraph如图所示,还可fine./Howarethingsgoingwithyou?
以说成Ascanbeseenfromthegraph/Howareyougettingonin.......?
2.steeprise陡然上升,steadydecrease缓3、解释写信的原因
慢下降(1)致谢:
Ther
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