英语四级阅读理解真题及答案

英语四级阅读理解真题及答案

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选词填空真题：SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisap...

下面是我为大家带来，希望对大家的学习有所帮助！

选词填空真题：

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.

Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistof

choicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassage

throughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthe

bankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthecorrespondingletter

foreachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Question36to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Itsourguiltypleasure:WatchingTVisthemostcommoneveryday

activity,afterworkandsleep,inmanypartsoftheworld.Americans

viewfivehoursofTVeachday,andwhileweknowthatspendingso

muchtimesitting___36___canleadtoobesity（肥胖症）andother

diseases,researchershavenowquantifiedjusthow___37___beinga

couchpotatocanbe.

Inananalysisofdatafromeightlarge___38___publishedstudies,

aHarvard-ledgroupreportedintheJournaloftheAmericanMedical

Associationthatforeverytwohoursperdayspentchannel

___39___,theriskofdevelopingType2diabetes(糖尿病)rose20%

over8.5years,theriskofheartdiseaseincreased15%overa

___40___,andtheoddsofdyingpermaturely___41___13%duringa

seven-yearfollow-up.Allofthese___42arelirkedtoalackof

physicalexercise.Butcomparedwithothersedentary(久坐

的)activities,likeknitting,viewingTVmaybeespecially_43at

promotingunhealthyhabits.Forone,thesheernumberofhourswe

passwatchingTVdwarfsthetimewespendonanythingelse.Andother

studieshavefoundthatwatchingadsforbeerandpopcornmaymake

youmorelikelyto___44___them.

Evenso,theauthorsadmitthattheydidntcomparedifferent

sedentaryactivitiesto___45___whetherTVwatchingwaslinkedto

agreaterriskofdiabetes,heartdiseaseorclearlydeathcompared

with,say,reading.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

A)climbedI)previously

B)consemeJ)resume

C)decadeK)suffered

D)determineL)suffering

E)effectiveM)term

F)harmfulN)terminals

G)outcomes0)twisting

H)passively

选词填空答案：

36：H37:F38:139:L40:C41:A42:G43:E44:B45:D

36.passively

解析：sittingpassively被动坐着

从词性判断，36题应该选一个副词来修饰sitting这个动名词，而备选

项中只有两个副词，一个是passively被动地，一个是previously之前，

再根据语义逻辑，坐着那看电视的行为应该是一种被动行为，而不存在前

后之分。

37.harmful

解析：quantifiedjusthowharmfulbeingacouchpotato量化长

时间看电视的严重危害

通过分析how()beingacouchpotatocanbe这句话的句子成分，

得出how这个副词之后应该接一个形容词，符合词性条件的备选项，一个

是effective有效的，一个是harmful有害的。根据语义逻辑，长时间看

电视是有害的，故选harmful。

38.previously

解析：previouslypublishedstudies之前公布的研究

38题空格处应该填一个副词来修饰published这个词，参考36题的解

析，备选项中现在只剩下一个副词就是previously,刚好填入此处。

39.surfing

解析：spentchannelsurfing,直接翻译为在频道冲浪，意译为看电

视。这里的channel频道指代television电视;而〃surfing冲浪〃指代

“watching看〃，我们经常看到上网常用surfing一词，这里运用了仿词，

将〃上网冲浪〃的surfing借过来用来指〃看电视〃。以上可以理解为英语中

的委婉表达。

40.decade

解析：increased15%overadecade10年增加了15%。40题后面出

现了一个词并列连词and,说明本句存在并列关系。通读此句，40题在over

之后应该填一个表示时间的名词，这样才能和前文over8.5.years与后

文duringaseven-yearfollowup形成并列，备选项中只有decade符合

条件。

41.climbed

解析：theodds...climbed13%几率增加了13%。解析同40题，根

据and所指向的并列关系，前文说某一种风险增加了20%,某一种风险的

增加了15%,此处空格也应该填一个表示上升的动词，备选项只有climbed,

爬升。

42.outcomes

解析：alloftheseoutcomes所有这些后果。此题填outcomes,是

对前文各种疾病风险的概括。

43.effective

解析：beespeciallyeffectiveatpromotingunhealthyhabits更

容易形成不健康的习惯。beeffectiveatdoing有效做某事。这里是讽

刺用法，用来强调看电视更容易形成不健康的习惯。

44.consume

解析：makeyoumorelikelytoconsumethem使你更有可能吃他们,

这里注意them指前文出现的beer啤酒和popcorn爆米花，又能表示喝啤

酒，又能表示吃爆米花的词只有consume。consume消费，也只吃喝（东西）。

45.determine

解析：通过句法分析，本句应该填写动词原形，放在to不定式符号之

后。备选项中有3个动词原形，其中consume已经填在了44题，在剩下

的resume恢复和determine决定之间，根据语义，应选择determine。

段落匹配真题：

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewith

tenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformation

giveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhich

theinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethan

once.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.Answerthequestions

bymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.

Essay-GradingSoftwareOffersProfessorsaBreak

[A]Imaginetakingacollegeexam,and,insteadofhandingina

bluebookandgettingagradefromaprofessorafewweekslater,

clickingthe"send"buttonwhenyouaredoneandreceivingagrade

backinstantly,youressayscoredbyasoftwareprogram.Andthen,

insteadofbeingdonewiththatexam,imaginethatthesystemwould

immediatelyletyourewritethetesttotrytoimproveyourgrade.

[B]EdX,thenonprofitenterprisefoundedbyHarvardandthe

MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology（MIT）tooffercoursesonthe

Internet,hasjustintroducedsuchasystemandwillmakeits

automated（自动的）softwareavailablefreeontheWebtoany

institutionthatwantstouseit.Thesoftwareusesartificial

intelligencetogradestudentessaysandshortwrittenanswers,

freeingprofessorsforothertasks.

[C]Thenewservicewillbringtheeducationalconsortium（联

盟）intoagrowingconflictovertheroleofautomationineducation.

Althoughautomatedgradingsystemsformultiple-choiceand

true-falsetestsarenowwidespread,theuseofartificial

intelligencetechnologytogradeessayanswershasnotyetreceived

widespreadacceptancebyeducatorsandhasmanycritics.

[D]AnantAgarwal,anelectricalengineerwhoispresidentofEdX,

predictedthattheinstant-gradingsoftwarewouldbeauseful

teachingtool,enablingstudentstotaketestsandwriteessaysover

andoverandimprovethequalityoftheiranswers.Hesaidthe

technologywouldofferdistinctadvantagesoverthetraditional

classroomsystem,wherestudentsoftenwaitdaysorweeksforgrades.

“ThereisahugevalueinLeaningwithinstantfeedback,/zDr.Agarwal

said."Studentsaretellingustheylearnmuchbetterwithinstant

feedback.

[E]Butskeptics（怀疑者）saytheautomatedsystemisnomatchfor

liveteachers.Onelongtimecritic,LesPerelman,hasdrawnnational

attentionseveraltimesforputtingtogethernonsenseessaysthat

havefooledsoftwaregradingprogramsintogivinghighmarks.He

hasalsobeenhighlycriticalofstudiesclaimingthatthesoftware

compareswelltohumangraders.

[F]Heisamongagroupofeducatorswholastmonthbegan

circulatingapetition（呼吁）opposingautomatedassessmentsoftware.

Thegroup,whichcallsitselfProfesssionalsAgainstMachineScoring

ofStudentEssaysinHigh-StakesAssessment,hascollectednearly

2,000signatures,includingsomefromfamouspeoplelikeNoam

Chomsky.

[G]"Letsfacetherealitiesofautomaticessayscoring,z，the

groupsstatementreadsinpart."Computerscannotread.Theycannot

measuretheessentialsofeffectivewrittencommunication:accuracy,

reasoning,adequacyofevidence,goodsense,ethical（伦理

的）position,convincingargument,meaningfulorganization,and

clarity,amongothers.〃・

[H]ButEdXexpectsitssoftwaretobeadoptedwidelybyschools

anduniversities.ItoffersfreeonlineclassesfromHarvard,MIT

andtheUniversityofCalifornian-Berkeley;thisfall,itwilladd

classesfromWellesley,GeorgetownandtheUniversityofTexas.In

all,12universitiesparticipateinEdX,whichofferscertificates

forcoursecompletionandhassaidthatitplanstocontinueto

expandnextyear,includingaddinginternationalschools.

[I]TheEdXassessmenttoolrequireshumanteachers,orgraders,

tofirstgrade100essaysoressayquestions.Thesystemthenuses

avarietyofmachine-1earningtechniquestotrainitselftobeable

togradeanynumberofessaysoranswersautomaticallyandalmost

instantly.Thesoftwarewillassignagradedependingonthescoring

systemcreatedbytheteacher,whetheritisalettergradeor

numerical（数字的）rank.

[J]EdXisnotthefirsttousetheautomatedassessmenttechnology,

whichdatestoearlycomputersinthe1960s.Thereisnowarange

ofcompaniesofferingcommercialprogramstogradewrittentest

answers,andfourstates一Louisiana,NorthDakota,UtahandWest

Virginia—areusingsomeformofthetechnologyinsecondaryschools.

Afifth,Indiana,hasexperimentedwithit.Insomecasesthe

softwareisusedasa"secondreader,""tocheckthereliabilityof

thehumangraders.

[K]ButthegrowinginfluenceoftheEdXconsortiumtoset

standardsislikelytogivethetechnologyaboost.OnTuesday,

StanfordannouncedthatiswouldworkwithEdXtodevelopajoint

educationalsystemthatwillmakeuseoftheautomatedassessment

technology.

[L]Twostart-ups,CourseraandUdacity,recentlyfoundedby

Stanfordfacultymemberstocreate"massiveopenonlinecourses,，zor

MOOCs,arealsocommittedtoautomatedassessmentsystemsbecause

ofthevalueofinstantfeedback."Itallowsstudentstoget

immediatefeedbackontheirwork,sothatlearningturnsintoagame,

withstudentsnaturallygravitating（吸弓I）towardresubmittingthe

workuntiltheygetitright,“saidDaphneKoller,acomputer

scientistandafounderofCoursera.

[M]LastyeartheHewlettFoundation,agrant-makingorganization

setupbyoneoftheHewlett-Packardfoundersandhiswife,sponsored

two$100,000prizesaimedatimprovingsoftwarethatgradesessays

andshortanswers.Morethan150teamsenteredeachcategory.A

winnerofoneoftheHewlettcontests,VikParuchuri,washiredby

EdXtohelpdesignitsassessmentsoftware.

[N]〃0neofourfocusesistohelpkidslearnhowtothink

critically,^saidVictorVuchic,aprogramofficerattheHewlett

Foundation.〃Ttsprobablyimpossibletodothatwith

multiple-choicetests.Thechallengeisthatthisrequireshuman

graders,andsotheycostalotmoreandtheytakealotmoretime.

[0]MarkD.Shermis,aprofessorattheUniversityofAkronin

Ohio,supervisedtheHewlettFoundationscontestonautomatedessay

scoringandwroteapaperabouttheexperiment.Inhisview,the

technology-thoughimperfect-hasaplaceineducationalsettings.

[P]Withincreasinglylargeclasses,itisimpossibleformost

teacherstogivestudentsmeaningfulfeedbackonwriting

assignments,hesaid.Plus,henoted,criticsofthetechnologyhave

tendedtocomefromthenationsbestuniversities,wherethelevel

ofteachingismuchbetterthanatmostschools.

[Q]"Oftentheycomefromveryfamousinstitutionswhere,infact,

theydoamuchbetterjobofprovidingfeedbackthanamachineever

could,Z/Dr.Shermissaid."Thereseemstobealackofappreciation

ofwhatisactuallygoingonintherealworld.，z

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

46.Someprofessionalsineducationarecollectingsignaturesto

voicetheiroppositiontoautomatedessaygrading.

47.Usingsoftwaretogradestudentsessayssavesteacherstime

forotherwork.

48.TheHewlettcontestsaimatimprovingessaygradingsoftware.

49.Thoughtheautomatedgradingsystemiswidelyusedin

multiple-choicetests,automatedessaygradingisstillcriticized

bymanyeducators.

50.Somepeopledontbelievethesoftwaregradingsystemcando

asgoodajobashumangraders.

51.Criticsofautomatedessayscoringdonotseemtoknowthe

truerealitiesinlessfamousuniversities.

52.Criticsarguemanyimportantaspectsofeffectivewriting

cannotbemeasuredbycomputerratingprograms.

53.Asclasssizegrows,mostteachersareunabletogivestudents

valuablecommentsastohowtoimprovetheirwriting.

54.Theautomatedassessmenttechnologyissometimesusedto

doublechecktheworkofhumangraders.

55.Studentsfindinstantfeedbackhelpsimprovetheirlearning

considerably.

段落匹配答案：

46-50FBMCE51-55QGPJD

仔细阅读真题：

SectionC

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassage

isfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreach

ofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshould

decideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswer

Sheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

PassageOne

Questions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Acrosstherichworld,well-educatedpeopleincreasinglywork

longerthantheless-skilled.Some65%ofAmericanmenaged62-74

withaprofessionaldegreeareintheworkforce,comparedwith32%

ofmenwithonlyahigh-schoolcertificate.Thisgapispartofa

deepeningdividebetweenthewell-educatedwell-offandthe

unskilledpoor.Rapidtechnologicaladvancehasraisedtheincomes

ofthehighlyskilledwhilesqueezingthoseoftheunskilled.The

consequences,forindividualsandsociety,areprofound.

Theworldisfacinganastonishingriseinthenumberofoldpeople.

Andtheywilllivelongerthaneverbefore.Overthenext20years

theglobalpopulationofthoseaged65ormorewillalmostdouble,

from600millionto1.1billion.Theexperienceofthe20thcentury,

whengreaterlongevity1长寿）translatedintomoreyearsin

retirementratherthanmoreyearsatwork,haspersuadedmany

observersthatthisshiftwillleadtoslowereconomicgrowth,while

theswellingranksofpensionerswillcreategovernmentbudget

problems.

Butthenotionofasharpdivisionbetweentheworkingyoungand

theidleoldmissesanewtrend,thegrowinggapbetweentheskilled

andtheunskilled.Employmentratesarefallingamongyounger

unskilledpeople,whereasolderskilledfolkareworkinglonger.

ThedivideismostextremeinAmerica,wherewell-educated

baby-boomers（二战后生育高峰期出生的美国人）areputtingoff

retirementwhilemanyless-skilledyoungerpeoplehavedroppedout

oftheworkforce.

Policyispartlyresponsible.ManyEuropeangovernmentshave

abandonedpoliciesthatusedtoencouragepeopletoretireearly.

Risinglifeexpectancy（预期寿命），combinedwiththereplacementof

generousdefined-benefitpensionplanswithlessgenerous

defined-contributionones,meansthateventhebetter-offmustwork

longertohaveacomfortableretirement.Butthechangingnature

ofworkalsoplaysabigrole.Payhasrisensharplyforthehighly

educated,andthosepeoplecontinuetoreaprichrewardsintoold

agebecausethesedaystheeducatedelderlyaremoreproductivethan

theprecedinggeneration.Technologicalchangemaywellreinforce

thatshift:theskillsthatcomplementcomputers,frommanagement

knowhowtocreativity,donotnecessarilydeclinewithage.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

56.Whatishappeningintheworkforceinrichcountries?

A）Youngerpeoplearereplacingtheelderly.

B）Well-educatedpeopletendtoworklonger.

C)Unemploymentratesarerisingyearafteryear.

D)Peoplewithnocollegedegreedonoteasilyfindwork.

57.Whathashelpeddeepenthedividebetweenthewell-offand

thepoor?

A)Longerlifeexpectancies.

B)Arapidtechnologicaladvance.

C)Profoundchangesintheworkforce.

D)Agrowingnumberofthewell-educated.

58.Whatdomanyobserverspredictinviewoftheexperienceof

the20thcentury?

A)Economicgrowthwillslowdown.

B)Governmentbudgetswillincrease.

C)Morepeoplewilltrytopursuehighereducation.

D)Therewillbemorecompetitioninthejobmarket.

59.WhatistheresultofpolicychangesinEuropeancountries?

A)Unskilledworkersmaychoosetoretireearly.

B)Morepeoplehavetoreceivein-servicetraining.

C)Evenwealthypeoplemustworklongertolivecomfortablyin

retirement.

D)Peoplemaybeabletoenjoygenerousdefined-benefitsfrom

pensionplans.

60.Whatischaracteristicofworkinthe21stcentury?

A)Computerswilldomorecomplicatedwork.

B)Morewillbetakenbytheeducatedyoung.

C)Mostjobstobedonewillbecreativeones.

D)Skillsarehighlyvaluedregardlessofage.

PassageTwo

Questions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Someoftheworldsmostsignificantproblemsneverhithead!ines.

Oneexamplecomesfromagriculture.Foodriotsandhungermakenews.

Butthetrendlyingbehindthesemattersisrarelytalkedabout.

Thisisthedeclineinthegrowthinyieldsofsomeoftheworlds

majorcrops.AnewstudybytheUniversityofMinnesotaandMcGill

UniversityinMontreallooksatwhere,andhowfar,thisdecline

isoccurring.

Theauthorstakeavastnumberofdatapointsforthefourmost

importantcrops:rice,wheat,cornandsoyabeans(大豆).Theyfind

thatonbetween24%and39%ofallharvestedareas,theimprovement

inyieldsthattookplacebeforethe1980ssloweddowninthe1990s

and2000s.

Therearetwoworryingfeaturesoftheslowdown.Oneisthatit

hasbeenparticularlysharpintheworldsmostpopulous(人口多

的)countries,IndiaandChina.Theirabilitytofeedthemselveshas

beenanimportantsourceofrelativestabilitybothwithinthe

countriesandonworldfoodmarkets.Thatself-sufficiencycannot

betakenforgrantedifyieldscontinuetoslowdownorreverse.

Second,yieldgrowthhasbeenlowerinwheatandricethanincorn

andsoybeans.Thisisproblematicbecausewheatandricearemore

importantasfoods,accountingforaroundhalfofallcalories

consumed.Cornandsoyabeansaremoreimportantasfeedgrains.The

authorsnotethat〃wehavepreferentiallyfocusedourcrop

improvementeffortsonfeedinganimalsandcarsratherthanoncrops

thatfeedpeopleandarethebasisoffoodsecurityinmuchofthe

world.

Thereportqualifiesthemoreoptimisticfindingsofanothernew

paperwhichsuggeststhattheworldwillnothavetodigupalot

morelandforfarminginordertofeed9billionpeoplein2050,

astheFoodandAgricultureOrganisationhasargued.

Instead,itsays,thankstoslowingpopulationgrowth,land

currentlyploughedupforcropsmightbeabletorevert（回返）to

forestorwilderness.Thiscouldhappen.Thetroubleisthatthe

forecastassumescontinuedimprovementsinyields,whichmaynot

actuallyhappen.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

61.Whatdoestheauthortrytodrawattentionto?

A）Foodriotsandhungerintheworld.

B)Newsheadlinesintheleadingmedia.

C)Thedeclineofthegrainyieldgrowth.

D)Thefoodsupplyinpopulouscountries.

62.Whydoestheauthormention