医学英语 Medical English Translation(9) Translation of Adverbial Clauses and Nominal Clauses 学习资料

医学英语翻译与写作

MedicalEnglish

TranslationandwritingLecture9

TranslationofAdverbialClausesandNominalClausesTranslationofAdverbialClauses1.AdverbialClauseofTime1）译在句首2）转译为并列分句3）转译为条件状语从句(when)e.g.Whentheabnormalissensed,analarmissoundedtoalertthenursingstaff.

如果测出异常情况，闹铃就响起来，引起

护理人员的警觉。TranslationofAdverbialClauses2.AdverbialClauseofPlace1）转译为地点状语2）转译为条件状语从句或结果状语从句

(where,wherever)e.g.Pusformationmayoccurwhereverthereisintenselocaltissuedeath.

如果局部组织大量死亡，就会有脓液形成。TranslationofAdverbialClauses3.AdverbialClauseofCausee.g.Sincesomesideeffectssuchasnausea,skinrashesandvertigoarefrequentlyencountered,thedrugshouldbediscontinuedatthefirstsignofthem.

因为常遇到一些诸如恶心、皮疹、和眩晕

等的药物副作用，所以一旦出现类似征兆

就应立即停药。

TranslationofAdverbialClauses4.AdverbialClauseofCondition1）译为表示条件或假设的分句，放在句首。2）译成补充说明情况的分句，放在句末。e.g.Onceafibroidtumorisremoved,thereislittledangerofrecurrence.

一旦纤维瘤切除，就很少有复发的危险。e.g.Somepeopleoftentrytoavoidtheallergen,suchastheseafood,ifthey

possiblycan.

一些人常常尽量避免过敏原，比如海鲜，

如果可能的话。TranslationofAdverbialClauses5.AdverbialClauseofConcession1）译成表示让步的分句。2）译成表示“无条件”的条件分句。e.g.Theriseofbodytemperatureisnotinvariableinappendicitis,whileaslightriseisusual.

患阑尾炎时，体温并非一定要升高，

虽然轻微的升高是常见的。TranslationofAdverbialClauses

Notwithstandingthat(尽管)modernmedicinehasmadeagreatprogress,lungcancerisstilloneofthemostdangerousdisease.

Whateverthecausativeagentmightbe,itsurvivesinthepersonitinfectsandispassedontoanother.

不论病原体是什么，它都会在所感染的机体

内存活并传播。TranslationofAdverbialClauses几种状语从句的翻译1.as连接的几种状语从句（时间、原因、条件、让步、比较、方式）e.g.Adequatesleepisasvitalinpatientswithmyocardialinfarctionasitiswiththosesufferingfromcardiacfailure.

充足的睡眠对于心肌梗死病人来说，和对

心力衰竭病人一样，具有同等的重要性。TranslationofAdverbialClauses2.sothat连接的状语从句（1）表目的（为了、以便、为的是）（2）表结果（因此、所以、以致）e.g.Thebonemarrowfailstoproduceeitherredorwhitecells,sothatanemiaisaccompaniedbyleucopenia.

骨髓不再产生红、白细胞，因此贫血的同时

伴有白细胞减少。TranslationofAdverbialClausese.g.Thedoctormusttranslateallthoughtprocessesintoeffectiveinteractionswiththepatientandmustworktodevelopapartnershipwiththepatientsothatmedicallyindicateddiagnostictestsandtreatmentsareidentifiedandused.

医生必须将所思所想转化为与病人的有效互动，

并致力于医患之间的相互合作，以便使医疗诊

断和治疗方案得以确认和实施。TranslationofAdverbialClauses3.seeingthat连接的原因状语从句

译为“因为、由于”，用法相似的还有：nowthat/inthat/inasmuchase.g.Inasmuchasthepathology,clinicalpictureandtreatmentofthetwoconditionsaredifferent,theywarrantseparatedescriptions.由于这两种疾病的病理、临床表现和治疗方

法均不相同，因此有必要分别叙述。TranslationofAdverbialClauses4.provided(that)连接的条件状语从句译为“假如、只要”，用法相似的还有：providing(that)\if\suppose(that)supposing(that)\incase\onoccasion(that)e.g.Supposingthatheadinjuryisthecauseofcoma,thereisusuallyahistoryoftheinjury.

假如昏迷的原因是头部外伤，那么（病人）

通常都有受伤的既往史。TranslationofAdverbialClauses5.hardly(scarcely)----when/nosooner---than连接的时间状语从句，译为“刚---就”。6.until(notuntil)连接的时间状语从句，译为“直到---才/为止”e.g.Hardlyhadtheattenuationofrheumaticpainoccurredwhenthedoctorinstructed

thepatienttostopmedication.

风湿痛刚刚减轻，医生就嘱咐病人停止用药了。TranslationofAdverbialClausese.g.Notuntilthefoodhasenteredthebloodandbeenusedbythetissuecellscanthebodybesaidtohaveacceptedit.

直到食物进入血液并为组织细胞所利用后，

才能说机体已经接受了它。TranslationofNominalClauses名词性从句1.主语从句（subjectclause）（1）连词引起的从句位于句首（2）it作形式主语，引导真正的主语。e.g.Whenthepatientcanundergosurgerydependsonwhetherhiscardiacfunctionmayrestore.患者何时可以接受手术取决于他的心脏功能

是否能够恢复。e.g.Thatthetabletstrengthshouldbestatedon

theprescriptionandthatthepatientshould

alsoknowhisdailyrequirementsintermsof

milligramsarestronglyrecommended.强烈建议在处方上注明药片剂量，并且让

病人知道他自己每日所需的毫克量。TranslationofNominalClausesTranslationofNominalClausesItisnecessarythatlittlebabiesexposetheir

skintothemildsunlight.

Whythepatientmustbereferredtoaspecialististhathehasseverecomplications.

病人必须转诊给专科医生的原因是他患有

严重的并发症。TranslationofNominalClausesWhoeverwantstopursuethMDeducationhastoacquireabachelorofscienceonthehealth-relatedfieldsatfirst.

无论谁想修医学博士课程都必须首先获得一个

医疗相关领域的科学学士学位。Thatthesubjectsmustmeettheinclusioncriteriaistheprerequisiteofthetrialrecruitment.

受试者必须符合纳入标准是招募试验对象的

先决条件。2.宾语从句（subordinateclause）（1）由that,where,why,whether等引导，翻译时一般无需改变从句位置。（2）it作形式宾语（不需译出）（3）if连接的宾语从句e.g.Theadvicefromthedocormadeitcleartothem

thattheirsondiagnosedwithseverebipolar

depressionmustreceiveelectricshocktherapy.

医生的建议十分清楚，他们被诊断为严重

双相抑郁的儿子必须接受电休克疗法。TranslationofNominalClauses3.同位语从句（appositiveclause）由从属连词that,whether,when引导，与某些抽象名词连用:fact,evidence,idea,conclusion,doubt,question,etc.（1）翻译时不需提前（2）翻译时可以提前TranslationofNominalClausese.g.Noproofhasbeenprovidedthatgastric

hypomotilityorstasisismoreprevalentin

patientswithgastriculcerthaninthenormal

population.TranslationofNominalClauses没有证据表明胃溃疡患者的胃动力不足

或胃蠕动停止比正常人更常见。TranslationofNominalClausesThereisaninstinctofthehumanbodythatbodytemperaturecanberegulatedautomatically.

人体有一种体温可以自动调节的本能。Thereisevidenceinlateststudiesthatshowstheefficacyofacupuncturetorelievepain.

最新研究中有证据表明针灸在缓解疼痛方面

是有效的。e.g.Thethesisthatbacterialpneumoniausually

resultsfromaspirationofinfectedsecretion

fromtheupperrespiratorytractisstronglysupportedbybothexperimentalandclinicalobservations.细菌性肺炎通常是由于吸入了来自上呼吸道的感染性分泌物引起的，这一论点从实验观察和临床观察两方面都得到了强有力的支持。TranslationofNominalClausesTranslationofNominalClausese.g.Currentlythereiscontroversyoverwhethersuch

tumorsshouldberemovedbysurgery,whichmaypossiblyencourageratherthanhalttumorspread.当前对是否应该手术切除这类肿瘤是有争议的，

因为手术有可能促使而非阻止肿瘤的转移。

4.表语从句（precicativeclause）由that,whether,where等引导。

Thefactisthatbetweentheattacksofpainthepatientissymptom-free,andingoodhealth.Theileumwithitsgreateramountoflymphoidtissueiswheremostofthelymphomasoccur.

具有较多淋巴样组织的回肠，是大多数淋巴

腺瘤产生之处。TranslationofNominalClausesTranslationofNominalClausesThatwashowtheantibioticsimposeits