导游英语口译

1/48Unit3口译技能：ActiveListening口译场景：AttheRestaurantⅠWarmingupⅡInterpretingSkillsⅢPuttingintoPracticeⅣRelatedVocabularyandExpressionsⅤActingasanInterpreterⅥKnowledgeLinksContents2/48Warmingup3/48Warmingup4/48Warmingup

Nomatterwhichcountryyougoto,youhavetoeatintherestaurant.However,differentcountrieshavedifferentdishes,anddifferentdisheshavedifferentcharacteristicsandcultures.Especially,Chinesecookinghasalonghistoryandisfamousallovertheworldforitsrichflavoranddelightfulcolorings.ItwastheChinesewhoinventedthetechniqueofmakingandusingdifferentmaterialsinancienttimes.EveryChineselocaldish,specialcuisine,orlocalsnackhasitsowncharacteristicsandculture.

Haveyoueverencounteredsuchembarrassingsituation?1.Afteryouorderedsomedishes,youfindthatwhatyouorderedisnotwhatyouwant.2.Whenyougototherestaurantwithforeigners,youcannotnamesomeofthedishes.Shareyourownexperienceswithyourpartner.

ReadthefollowingdishesandguesstheirChinesenames.5/48Warmingup凉拌黄瓜五香牛肉酱板鸭皮蛋豆腐泡椒凤爪卤鸡蛋卤大肠醋泡花生6/48InterpretingSkillsActiveListening听辨技巧听辨（listeningandinformationreceiving）是口译过程第一阶段，也是贯通整个口译过程主要步骤。俗话说“好开始是成功二分之一”。口译从听开始，假如第一阶段无法完成，那整个口译工作也就无从下手了。然而，听辨对于口译初学者来说，尤其是在英译汉过程中，是个高难度步骤。所以，听辨能力训练是基本口译训练中必不可少。要提升听辨能力，首先应了解它与日常听力有什么区分。听辨，顾名思义，不但要“听”，还要“辨”，即分析，思索。听力只是听辨一个部分，更确切地说是基础部分。在听基础上，听辨更强调了解。也就是说，听力抓住是“词”，听辨抓住是“含意”。当然，这里并不是说“词”不主要，“词”是“含意”载体。听不懂“词”，也就没方法了解“含意”。口译要求口译员在听懂基础上对信息整体和细节有全方面把握，并能推断和预测说话人意图、思绪和目标，方便能快速用目口号言把完整信息准确传递给听众。详细来说，在训练听辨能力时要注意以下几个方面：7/48InterpretingSkills一、听辨关键词词是演说者意图载体。关键词是指能表示演说者中心思想词语，是信息焦点和强调对象。在详细语言环境中，关键词通常是演说者想要突出表示实词，能够出现在句子主语、宾语、表语等部分。比如在句子“Therearealotofattractivenessinthisscenicsport.”中“attractiveness”是演说者展开话题中心，所以是这个句子关键词。又如，在句子“TheattractivenessofthisscenicspotisitsrichChinesenationalfeatures.”中“nationalfeatures（民族特色）”是要强调重点，因而成为句子关键词。8/48InterpretingSkills二、听辨句子结构句子结构在英文中就是指SVO（主语subject+谓语动词predicateverb+宾语object）结构。口译初学者在练习听辨能力时，借助于句子结构划分，能够更加好掌握意群。那么终究何谓意群？我们都知道，任何一个句子，尤其是长句，都不是一口气说出来，也不是一个字，一个字散乱地蹦出来。都是依据语意，把若干个词组成一个单元，然后一个单元一个单元地说出来。这每一个单元就是所谓意群。举个例子来说，比如当我们听到“Now/theship/isreaching/NanjinPass/,which/is/thebeginningorendingpointof/theThreeGorges.”时，就能够依据句子结构找出这句话主干。主句主、谓、宾分别是“ship”,“isreaching”,“NanjingPass”。从句主干为“is...thepoint”。这么能够把句子分成两层意思，就能更准确完整地把握信息。9/48InterpretingSkills三、听辨逻辑关联词在一个语篇中，通常有很多衔接结构把各个句子、段落连接在一起。就像人身体里“关节”。在以往听力中，我们大多把注意力放在单个实词，或不熟悉词与词组上，去重复琢磨其含意，从而忽略了这些连接整个语篇逻辑关系“关节”。这不利于融会贯通地了解整体信息。看看下面两个句子：

A.TheThreeGorgesDamrisesupthewaterlineandchangessomenaturelookintheThreeGorgesarea,however,thisareabecomesmoreandmorefamous.

B.TheThreeGorgesDamrisesupthewaterlineandchangessomenaturelookintheThreeGorgesarea,consequently,thisareabecomesmoreandmorefamous.两个句子只有一词之差，但意思却大不相同。这就是“however”，“consequently”这两个逻辑关联词带来影响。10/48InterpretingSkills四、预判与推测前面所讲内容都是训练大家怎样更准确地了解听到内容。实际上，在口译过程中，口译员要边听，边记，边译甚至边说，难度非常大。若只是消极、被动地听会非常吃力，疲于应付。所以口译员还要经过事前已掌握资料，前面听到内容来推测和预判将要听到内容，掌握主动权，才能更从容、镇静。11/48PuttingintoPracticeVocabularyWorkWorkonthefollowingwordsandphrases,thenwritethetranslatedversioninthespace：1.ListeningInterpreting12/48PuttingintoPracticeVocabularyWorkWorkonthefollowingwordsandphrases,thenwritethetranslatedversioninthespace：1.ListeningInterpreting13/48PuttingintoPracticeSentences:英汉口译English-ChineseInterpretationListentothetapeandinterpretthefollowingsentencesfromEnglishintoChinese：①IliketoenjoyadinnerofChinesefoodwithchopsticks,becauseIbelievein“DoinRomeastheRomansdo”.②Whatkindofcuisinesdoestherestauranthave?I’dliketotrysomeChinesefood.我吃中餐时喜欢用筷子，这叫做“入乡随俗”。这个餐厅有什么菜系？我想尝尝中国菜。1.ListeningInterpreting14/48PuttingintoPracticeSentences:英汉口译English-ChineseInterpretationListentothetapeandinterpretthefollowingsentencesfromEnglishintoChinese：③Whatcourseswillyourecommendme?④Whatisyourspecialtoday?您准备给我推荐什么菜呢？今天特色菜是什么？1.ListeningInterpreting15/48PuttingintoPracticeSentences:英汉口译English-ChineseInterpretationListentothetapeandinterpretthefollowingsentencesfromEnglishintoChinese：⑤MayIseethemenu，please？请给我看一下菜单好吗？⑥TheChinesecuisinesbasedonfivetastes:sour,sweet,bitter,hotandsalty.中国菜以五味为主:酸、甜、苦、辣、咸。1.ListeningInterpreting16/48PuttingintoPracticeSentences:英汉口译English-ChineseInterpretationListentothetapeandinterpretthefollowingsentencesfromEnglishintoChinese：⑦“Chuan”meansSichuanProvince.“Cai”meansvegetables,buthereitmeansfoodordishofSichuanflavor.⑧ManyforeignersthinkthatskillfullyusingchopsticksisashardaslearningChinese.“川”意思是四川省，“菜”指蔬菜，但这里指四川风味菜肴。很多外国人认为熟练地用筷子和学好汉字一样困难。1.ListeningInterpreting17/48PuttingintoPracticeSentences:英汉口译English-ChineseInterpretationListentothetapeandinterpretthefollowingsentencesfromEnglishintoChinese：⑨Asyousaidinyourtoast,theChinesepeopleareagreatpeople.⑩TheChineseeateverythingwithfourlegs,excepttables,andeverythingthatflies，exceptairplanes.正如您在祝酒词里讲那样，中华民族是一个伟大民族。中国人除了桌子不吃，四条腿东西都吃；除了飞机不吃，天上飞东西都吃。1.ListeningInterpreting18/48PuttingintoPracticeSentences:汉英口译

Chinese-EnglishInterpretationListentothetapeandinterpretthefollowingsentencesfromChineseintoEnglish：①中国菜分成八大菜系，或者说八种风味，每一个都独具特色。

②烤鸭是北京一道风味菜。

Chinesefoodisdividedintoeightcuisines,oreightstyles,andeveryonehasitsdistinctiveflavor.TheroastduckisregardedastheespeciallydelicatefoodofBeijing.1.ListeningInterpreting19/48PuttingintoPracticeSentences:汉英口译

Chinese-EnglishInterpretationListentothetapeandinterpretthefollowingsentencesfromChineseintoEnglish：③今天供给新鲜牛排、龙虾和三文鱼。④对不起，这道菜不合时令。Wehavefreshsteak，lobsterandsalmontoday.I’msorry,thedishisnotinseason.1.ListeningInterpreting20/48PuttingintoPracticeSentences:汉英口译

Chinese-EnglishInterpretationListentothetapeandinterpretthefollowingsentencesfromChineseintoEnglish：⑤我提议您点一杯干红配您主菜。⑥按中国习俗，我们先上菜，后上汤。假如你喜欢，我们也能够先给你上汤。Irecommendadrywinewithyourmaincourse.AccordingtoChinesecustom,weservethefoodfirstandthenthesoup.Butwe'llbringyouthesoupfirstifyoulike.1.ListeningInterpreting21/48PuttingintoPractice1.ListeningInterpretingSentences:汉英口译

Chinese-EnglishInterpretationListentothetapeandinterpretthefollowingsentencesfromChineseintoEnglish：⑦川菜特点就是麻辣。⑧宫保鸡丁非常受外国人欢迎。Sichuandishisalwaysspicy.KungPaoChickenisverypopularwithforeigners.22/48PuttingintoPractice1.ListeningInterpretingSentences:汉英口译

Chinese-EnglishInterpretationListentothetapeandinterpretthefollowingsentencesfromChineseintoEnglish：⑨为我们情谊干杯。⑩中国有许多地方，每个地方都有着独特烹饪方式。Let'sdrinkatoasttoourfriendship.Chinacanbedividedintomanygeographicalareas,andeachareahasadistinctstyleofcooking.23/48PuttingintoPractice

Listentothedialogueforthefirsttime,andrepeatafterthespeakers.Thenlistentothedialogueforthesecondtime,andretellthemainideabyyourownwords.Andforthethirdtimeoflistening,pleaseinterpretthedialogueintoChineseatthepauses.W:Waiter G:GuestW:Goodafternoon.G:Goodafternoon.Isthereaplacevacant?W:Yes,sir.Thisway,please.Wouldyouliketosithere?G:Niceidea.MayIseethemenu,please?W:Hereyouare.(Afterawhile)W:MayItakeyourorder?G:Ireallycan’tdecide.W:Whatkindoffooddoyoulike,ChineseorWestern?2.Shadowing&Retelling24/48PuttingintoPractice2.Shadowing&RetellingG:I’dliketotrysomeChinesefood.Whatcourseswillyourecommendme?W:Thechef’sspecialtyisShrimpswithCrispyFriedRiceCrust.G:Thatisgreat.Iwilltakeit.Howaboutmeat?W:MayIsuggestDriedFriedPorkChop?G:Allright.Whatwouldyourecommendforsoupcourse?W:HowaboutWinterMelonSoup?G:Soundsgreat.I’dliketohavethemall,andabowlofriceplease.W:Isthereanythingelseyouwouldliketohave?MaotaiisChina’sbestknownliquor.

Wouldn’tyoucareforacup?G:I’mafraidit’sabittoostrongforme,isn’tit?W:Yes,it’sstrongerthaneitherbrandyorwhisky.Althoughit’sprettystrong,itis

deliciousandyouwon’tgetdrunkeasily.G:OK.I’lltryacup.Thatisallformydinner.W:Verywell,sir.I’llbringthemtoyourightaway.G:Thankyou.25/48PuttingintoPractice3.Chinese-EnglishAlternatingInterpretation

ListentothetapeandinterpretthefollowingdialoguealternativelyintoEnglishorChinese：A:Waiter,Iwanttoordersomedishes.B:好，先生。请问您几位？A:Two.Menuplease.Uh,whatisthisdish:AntsClimbingTrees?B:它主要原料是肉末和粉条，因为肉末在粉条中间，看起来就像是蚂蚁在爬

树，所以就

有了这个名字。A:Itsoundsinterestingandwe’lltakeit.IalsowantMapoTofu(Stir-FriedTofuin

Hot

Sauce)withenoughhotpepper.Besides,IwantSteamedPerchwithScallion

andBlack

Beans.B:好，先生。再来一个我们店里特色菜——玉米羹怎么样？我想比较合先

生您口味。B:OK.We’lltakeitandpleasegiveustwobottlesofbeer.A:好。二位请稍等，菜一会儿就上来了。26/48PuttingintoPracticeTextOne中国饮食和文化中国饮食对于中国人而言有着特殊意义，俗话说“民以食为天”，意思是饮食是人们最主要生活需求之一。饮食在中国文化和日常生活中主要性首先表达在问候上。比如见面时彼此问候“你吃了吗？”而不是问“你好吗？”其中所蕴含逻辑是：吃饱是人幸福首要原因。中国菜考究色、香、味俱全。一盘好菜必须是一件能够吸引人感官艺术品。中国人喜欢和亲朋挚友一起吃饭。全部些人都有自己主食，但会共同分享摆在桌子中间菜肴。他们力争气氛融洽，在分享过程中彼此关系会愈加亲密。这也是为何家庭聚餐对每个组员都那么主要原因。这不但是享受盛宴好机会，更是家人团聚好时光。众所周知，中国人喜欢用筷子吃饭。这对于习惯用刀叉西方人而言颇为艰难。筷子可能是结构最为简单饮食工具，但这两根棍子却代表了中国人事事考究友好与平衡智慧观。4.SightInterpreting

ReadthefollowingpassagesandtranslatethemintoEnglishorChinese:27/48PuttingintoPracticeTextTwoTheOriginofKungPaoChicken

KungPaoChickenisusuallyperceivedasaSichuandish,andyoucanorderthisdishinalmosteverySichuanrestaurant.However,KungPaoChickenoriginallywasaGuizhoudish,andthereisaninterestingstoryaboutit.

OnmentioningKungPaoChicken,onehastomentiontheuprightofficerDingBaozhen(丁宝桢)fromtheQingDynasty.DingwasborninGuizhouProvince.Whenathome,heenjoyedmakingdishesmixingfreshandtenderchickenwithpeanuts—thisistheoriginofwhatisnowcalledKungPaoChicken.28/48PuttingintoPracticeAfterhisadulthood,DingwastransferredtotheSichuanProvinceasthegovernor.“Alonelystrangerawayfrommyhometown,Imissmyfamilyespeciallyoneveryfestiveday.”Placedinanunfamiliarplace,Dingmissedhishometownverymuch.Duringthistime,Ding’scook,acleverandconsiderateperson,cameupwithagreatidea.Hemixedchickenandpeanutstogetherwhileaddingsomedryredpepper,alocalfavoriteofSichuanpeople.Whatcameoutwasappetizing,hot,andfreshchickenwithcrisppeanuts.ThisdishsoonbecamethefavoritedishofDing.

DingspenttenyearsinmanagingSichuanProvinceandwaswellknownforthegooddeedshedidforthepeoplethere.Inordertocommendhisgreatwork,theQingDynastyhonoredhimasan“officerwhotutorsthecrownprince,”anominaltitlewhichisalsocalled“officerwhogovernsthepalace”(thisisanhonorabletitlelikethetitleofdukeinEngland).AndhisbelovedpeopleofSichuanProvincenamedhisfavoritefoodasKungPaoChickentocommemoratehim.Generationaftergeneration,SichuanpeoplepassedthisdishdownanditfinallybecameafamousSichuanfood.29/48RelatedVocabularyandExpressionsVocabulary30/48RelatedVocabularyandExpressionsVocabulary31/48RelatedVocabularyandExpressionsExpressions：1.I’dliketoknowsomerealChinesecuisine.我想了解一下真正中国菜肴。2.Canyoumanagewithchopsticks?您会使用筷子吗？3.Whatkindoffooddoyoulike，ChineseorWestern？您喜欢吃什么菜，中式还是西式？4.EatinghasbecomeakindofcultureinChina.饮食在中国变成了一个文化。5.Hereisthemenu.Pleasetakeyourtime.Thewaiterwillbewithyouinamoment.这是菜单，请慢慢点，服务员一会儿就来。32/48RelatedVocabularyandExpressionsExpressions：6.Chinesefoodisaperfectfusionofcolor,shape,appearanceandflavor.中国饮食是颜色、形状、外观和味道完美融合。7.It’sbesttocallforareservationinexpensiveorwell-knownrestaurants.假如上高级餐厅或有名饭店去吃饭，最好事先打电话预订。8.Howwouldyouliketopay,onecheckorseparatechecks?你们是一起买单还是各自付账？9.MayIknowyourhouse-special？贵店特色菜是什么？10.Makeyourselfathomeandhelpyourselftothedishes.不要客气，桌上菜，请自便。33/48RelatedVocabularyandExpressionsExpressions：11.MaotaiisChina’sbestknownliquor,itisdeliciousandyouwon’tgetdrunkesaily.茅台是中国最富盛名烈酒，上口不上头。12.Idon’ttouchanythingalcoholic,neitherdoesmyfriend.我不喝酒，我朋友也滴酒不沾。13.Atypicaldinnerforatableofeightpeopleconsistsoffourcoursesofcolddishes,

fourcoursesofhotdishes,couplewithsoupandsteamedrice.

8人一桌标准晚餐包含4道冷盘、4道热炒，外加汤和米饭。14.There’sanancientChinesesayingthatgoes,“Foodisthefirstnecessityofthepeople”.中国有一句古话叫做“民以食为天”。15.Peopleatatablewillusually“Ganbei”(letthecupbottomup)whentoastingeachother.人们往往以“干杯”方式相互敬酒。34/48ActingasanInterpreterTaskA

ListentothetapeandinterpretthefollowingdialoguesalternativelyintoEnglishor

Chinese：

W:

Waiter

G:GuestW:先生，下午好。我们餐厅供给中餐和西餐。您想吃哪种？G:I’llhaveChinesefoodforachangetoday.IamveryinterestedinChinesefood.W:很高兴听你这么说。饮食在中国已经成了一个文化。请这边走。这是今天菜

单。G:Thanks.ThisisthefirsttimeformetovisitChina.Whatkindofcuisinesdoes

the

restauranthave?W:正如您从菜单上看到一样，我们主要供给川菜。G:Couldyoutellmethefeatures?W:我很愿意。普通来讲，川菜味浓而辣。G:Veryinteresting!MayIknowsomethingmoreaboutSichuanfood?W:嗯，川菜烹饪以味道浓郁和辛辣而闻名。因为川菜尤其善于用调料，所以，

没有哪两道菜味道一模一样。35/48ActingasanInterpreterTaskA

ListentothetapeandinterpretthefollowingdialoguesalternativelyintoEnglishor

Chinese：G:NowondertheSichuandishesaresodelicious.W:确实是这么。人人都爱川菜。G:IthinkIcan’twaittohaveSichuanfoodthistimeasIlikehotfood.Willyou

recommendmesomedishes?W:我很高兴。先生打算消费多少呢？G:Idon’tcareaboutthemoney.I’dliketohavesometypicallygoodSichuan

dishes.W:鱼香肉丝，辣子鸡丁，酸辣汤，怎么样？G:Verynice.Letmetrythem.W:中国习惯是先上其它食物后上汤，但假如您喜欢，我们能够先上汤。G:I’musedtohavingsoupfirst.W:好，先生。我马上为您上菜。36/48ActingasanInterpreterTaskA

ListentothetapeandinterpretthefollowingdialoguesalternativelyintoEnglishor

Chinese：A:

请自便，多吃点，别害羞。B:Yes,thankyou.I’vealreadybeenhelpingmyself.A:还想再来一杯啤酒吗？B:I’mafraidIcouldn’t.A:没事儿，今天是周末，让我们尽情享受美食吧！干杯！B:OK!Cheers!Hi,youremindmethatChinaisacountrywithetiquetteoneverything,evendrinking.A:对呀，比如，敬酒就是中国饮食中很主要一部分，尤其是在商务晚宴上。参加这么活动必须恪守相关礼节。37/48ActingasanInterpreterTaskA

ListentothetapeandinterpretthefollowingdialoguesalternativelyintoEnglishor

Chinese：B:Yes,Iknow.Socanyoutellmesomerulesabouttoasting?Idon’tknowhowto

proposeatoastinreturnwhensomeonegivesmeatoastinaformalsituation.A:首先，敬酒者应该站起来双手举杯。其次，右手握杯左手托着杯底，一定要牢

记，你杯子总是拿得比被敬者杯子要低。最终，除非一个人是领导，不然

他不能一次给很多人敬酒，但大家能够一起向他敬酒。B:Interesting!AndIknowChinesepeoplelikeurgingpeopletodrink.Actually,itis

impoliteforonetourgeotherpeopletodrinkintheWest.A:知道啊，但在中国，劝酒是好客行为。你应该“入乡随俗”！B:Isee.OK!Bottom’sup,andyou’reright.38/48ActingasanInterpreterTaskB

ReadthefollowingpassageandinterpretitfromEnglishintoChinese:Chopsticks

Chopsticks,whichwerecalled"Zhu"inancienttimesandarecalled"Kuaizi"now,havebeenusedasoneofthemaintableutensilsformorethan3,000years.ItwasrecordedinLiji(TheBookofRites)thatchopstickswereusedintheShangDynasty(1600BC—1100BC).ItwasmentionedinShiji(TheHistoricalRecords)bySimaQian(about145BC)thatZhou,thelastkingoftheShangDynasty(around1100BC),usedivorychopsticks.Expertsbelievethehistoryofwoodorbamboochopstickscanbetracedbackto1,000yearsearlierthanivorychopsticks.IntheWesternZhouDynasty(1100BC—771BC),bronzechopstickswereinvented.LaterinMawangduiinChina,lacquerchopsticksfromtheWesternHan(206BC—24AD)werediscovered.GoldandsilverchopsticksbecamepopularintheTangDynasty(618AD—907AD).Itwasbelievedthatsilverchopstickscoulddetectpoisonsinfood.39/48ActingasanInterpreterTaskB

ReadthefollowingpassageandinterpretitfromEnglishintoChinese:

Thereareafewtabooswhenusingchopsticks.Itisnotallowedtobeatbowlswhileeatingsincethebehaviorusedtobepracticedbybeggars.Also,don’tinsertchopsticksinabowluprightbecauseitisacustomexclusivelyusedinsacrifice.

Ifyouarereallyinterestedinchopsticks,youmaywanttovisittheKuaiziMuseuminShanghai,sinceover1,000pairsofchopsticksareondisplayinthemuseum.40/48KnowledgeLinks中国菜肴名称翻译须依据中国菜名分类进行一、以主料开头翻译方法1、介绍菜肴主料和辅料：公式：主料(形状)+(with)辅料例：杏仁鸡丁ChickenCubeswithAlmond牛肉豆腐BeefwithBeanCurd西红柿炒蛋ScrambledEggwithTomato2、介绍菜肴主料和味汁：公式：主料(形状)+(with/in)味汁例：芥末鸭掌DuckWebswithMustardSauce葱油鸡ChickeninScallionOil茄汁鱼片SlicedFishwithTomatoSauce除以上举例外,中国菜切功和形状主要有:丁(slices,dices),块(cubes,pieces),片(slices),末(minces),丝(shreds),条（straps),段(chunks),柳(fillets)。41/48KnowledgeLinks二、以烹制方法开头翻译方法1、介绍菜肴烹法和主料：公式：烹法+主料(形状)例：软炸里脊Soft-friedPorkFillet烤乳猪RoastSucklingPig炒鳝片Stir-friedEelSlices回锅肉Twice-cookedPork2、介绍菜肴烹法和主料、辅料公式：烹法+主料(形状)+(with)辅料例：仔姜烧鸡条BraisedChickenFilletwithTenderGinger42/48KnowledgeLinks3、介绍菜肴烹法、主料和味汁：公式：烹法+主料(形状)+(with/in)味汁例：红烧牛肉BraisedBeefwithBrownSauce鱼香肉丝FriedShreddedPorkwithSweetandSourSauce清炖猪蹄StewedPigHoofinCleanSoup除以上举例外,中国菜烹饪方式主要有:炒(stir-fry,saute),炸(fry;deep-fry),蒸(steam),煮(boil),焖(braise;stew),炖(stew),烤(roast;broil;grill)三、以形状或口感开头翻译方法1、介绍菜肴形状(口感)和主料、辅料公式：形状(口感)+主料+(with)辅料例：芝麻酥鸡CrispChickenwithSesame陈皮兔丁Dice