Unit5MusicDiscoveringUsefulStructures课件-高中英语人教版2

DiscoveringUsefulStructures:Pastparticipleasthepredicativeandtheadverbial过去分词作表语和状语B2U5MusicUsethecorrectformstofillintheblanksandtellthefunctionsofthem.ReviewPastparticiple1.Joealwayshasmilkand_____(fry)eggforbreakfast.2.Themanfoundhishometownentirely_________(destroy).

3.Thespeakerdidn’tknowhowtomakehimself___________(understand).4.Thepathiscoveredby________(fall)leaves.5.Themanagerwantedtheproblem_______(settle)assoonaspossible.6.Mostcollegesnowofferfirst-yearstudentsacoursespecially_________(design)tohelpthemsucceedacademicallyandpersonally.frieddestroyedunderstoodfallensettledThePastParticipleservesastheAttributeandObjectComplementdesignedLookatthefollowingsentencesandcirclethepastparticiples.1.BornintheUSAon2January1970,Whitacrebeganstudying

musicattheUniversityofNevadain1988.2.Shelookedworried.3.Thedoorremainedlocked.4.Movedbythismusic,hesaid,“Itwaslikeseeingcolorforthe

firsttime.”5.Worriedaboutthejourney,Iwasunsettledforthefirstfewdays.6.Hitbythelackoffreshair,myheadached.Discuss:Whatarethefunctionsofthesepastparticiples状语表语表语状语状语状语1.be动词

(表示主语状态):is,am,are,was,were2.感官动词:look,sound,taste,smell,feel3.变化系动词:become,grow,get/turn,go/come4.持续系动词:

remain,keep,stay5.表象系动词(表示“看起来像”):

seem,appear,look6.终止系动词(表示“被证明是”):

prove,turnout一、过去分词作表语过去分词作表语时常用在_______后面，与谓语动词构成_____结构表示主语的性质、特征或______。系表状态含义Shelookedworried.系动词系动词单句语法填空①—Areyousureyou'rereadyforthetest—Noproblem.I'mwell(prepare)forit.②Whilewaitingfortheopportunitytoget(promote),Henrydidhisbesttoperformhisduty.③Everyonepresentisvery(inspire)athisspeech．④Youlooked(frighten).⑤Hebecame(interest)intwotheories.preparedpromoted一、过去分词作表语inspiredfrightenedinterested与被动语态的区别一、过去分词作表语

Thewindowisbrokenbytheboy.

Thewindowisbroken.actionstate,≈adj.表语被动表示主语的状态、性质、特征。强调主语所承受的动作。与被动语态的区别一、过去分词作表语对比翻译①这本书写得很好。______________________②这本书是他去年写的。_________________________________Thebookiswellwritten.Thebookwaswrittenbyhimlastyear.表语表示主语的状态、性质、特征。被动语态强调主语所承受的动作。一、过去分词作表语1.Shewasexcitedtohearthegoodnews.2.Ifeltsurprisedathisbehavior.3.Thepassengersshouldbeseatedastheplaneismakingalanding.过去分词作表语表感觉的过去分词表状态的过去分词Conclusion:

过去分词作表语一般用来表示_____________。此时的过去分词作表语相当于一个___________。感觉或状态形容词表状态的过去分词:dressed(打扮好的),lost(迷路的),drunk(喝醉的),seated(就坐的),absorbed(全神贯注的),devoted(忠诚的),...一、过去分词作表语与现在分词的区别

Heis___________withthe___________result.(disappoint)

Shewas________ather________weight.(shock)disappointeddisappointingshockedshocking感到……的令人……的一、过去分词作表语感觉类及物动词的现在分词VS.过去分词作表语现在分词表示主动或进行，即“令人......的”，多用来修饰物；过去分词表示被动或完成，即“人被引起某种感觉的”(“感到......的”)，多用来指人、人的声音，笑容或表情等。与现在分词的区别一、过去分词作表语感觉类及物动词的现在分词VS.过去分词作表语现在分词表示主动或进行，即“令人......的”，多用来修饰物；过去分词表示被动或完成，即“人被引起某种感觉的”(“感到......的”)，多用来指人、人的声音或表情等。与现在分词的区别单句语法填空①The__________lookonherfacesuggestedthatshewas_________bythe___________scene.(frighten)②Thenewswas________andtheywereall_______atit.(excite)frightenedfrightenedfrighteningexcitingexcited二、过去分词作状语过去分词作状语时，过去分词可表示被动、完成的动作，其逻辑主语是主句的主语，且与主句主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。Givenmoreattention,thetreecangrowbetter.如果多加注意，这棵树会长得更好。Guided

bytheseprinciples,theywentonwiththework.在这些方针的指导下，他们继续进行这项工作。

过去分词（短语）作状语，可以表示时间、让步、条件、原因、方式和结果，相当于一个状语从句。Oncepublished,hisworkscausedasensation.

他的作品一经出版就引起了轰动。(1)作时间状语相当于时间状语从句。可在过去分词前加上连词when,while,until等，使其时间意义更明确。Whenaskedforhisviewsabouthisteachingjob,Philipsaidhefounditveryinterestingandrewarding.当被问到对教学工作的观点时，菲利普说他觉得它既有趣又有意义。二、过去分词作状语Once(itwas)published,hisworkscausedasensation.

他的作品一经出版就引起了轰动。When(hewas)askedforhisviewsabouthisteachingjob,Philipsaidhefounditveryinterestingandrewarding.当被问到对教学工作的观点时，菲利普说他觉得它既有趣又有意义。(2)作原因状语相当于原因状语从句

/

并列句。【译】由于专心画画，约翰没有注意到夜幕正在降临。BecauseJohnwasabsorbedinpainting,hedidn'tnoticeeveningapproaching./Johnwasabsorbedinpainting,sohedidn'tnoticeeveningapproaching.=Absorbedinpainting,Johndidn'tnoticeeveningapproaching.二、过去分词作状语Doneinahurry,hishomeworkwasfullofmistakes.②

Since/Asshewasgivenadvicebythefamousdetective侦探,theyoungladywasnolongerafraid.Givenadvicebythefamousdetective,theyoungladywas...①Becauseitwasdoneinahurry,hishomeworkwasfullofmistakes.(3)作条件状语相当于条件状语从句。可加连词if,unless等转换成条件状语从句。

Usedwithcare,onetinwilllastforsixweeks.

如果用得仔细的话，一罐可以用六周。二、过去分词作状语Ifitisusedwithcare,onetinwilllastforsixweeks.

Givenmoretime,wewilldobetter.If

wearegiven

moretime,wewilldobetter.(4)作让步状语相当于让步状语从句。有时可加although,though,evenif,eventhough,whether...or等连词转换成让步状语从句。【译】尽管被对手击败，但是他从未放弃任何希望。Althoughhewasdefeatedbyhisopponent,henevergaveupanyhope.=Defeatedbyhisopponent,henevergaveupanyhope.二、过去分词作状语Evenifinvited,Iwillnottakepartintheparty.EvenifIaminvited,Iwillnottakepartintheparty.(5)作方式、伴随状语相当于and连接的并列句。【译】她接受了礼物，被深深地感动了。Sheacceptedthegift,andshewasdeeplymoved.=Sheacceptedthegift,deeplymoved.二、过去分词作状语The

old

man

walkedinthepark,supportedbyhis

wife.The

old

man

walkedintheparkand

wassupportedby

his

wife.单句语法填空①Children,when____________(accompany)bytheirparents,areallowedtoenterthestadium.②_________(found)intheearly20thcentury,theschoolkeepsoninspiringchildren'sloveofart.③__________(translate)intoEnglish,thesentencewasfoundtohaveanentirelydifferentwordorder.accompaniedFoundedTranslated二、过去分词作状语二、过去分词作状语过去分词作状语时，过去分词可表示被动、完成的动作，其逻辑主语是主句的主语，且与主句主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。但是有些过去分词(短语)因来源于系表结构，作状语时不强调被动而重在描述主语的状态。这样的过去分词(短语)常见的有:lost

(迷路;陷入某种状态);seated

(坐着的);hidden

(躲着的);lost/absorbedin

(沉溺于);dressedin

(穿着);tiredof

(厌烦了)。Lostinthought,hedidn'thearthebell.由于陷入沉思之中，他没有听到铃声。Dressedinanewdress,shelooksverybeautiful.穿着一件新衣服，她看上去很漂亮。与现在分词的区别二、过去分词作状语Usingthebook,Ifinditveryuseful.

①现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系。I是using动作的发出者（主谓关系）Used

foralongtime,thebooklooksold.由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。②过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系。thebook与use是动宾关系与现在分词的区别二、过去分词作状语WritteninFrench,thelettercannotbeunderstood.Builtin1910,themuseumisalmost100yearsold.(2)时间概念①过去分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，或表示“一种状态”。Istoodthere,waitingforher.Walkingalongthestreet,ImetMary.②现在分词表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生或在说话时正在进行。单句语法填空①WhenIwaslittle,mymotherusedtositbymybed,(tell)mestoriestillIfellasleep.②—WhereisJack—JustnowIsawhimsittingunderthetree,(absorb)inhisvideogames.tellingabsorbed与现在分词的区别二、过去分词作状语MyFairLadyisamusical_______(base)onGeorgeBernardShaw’splayPygmalion.ThestoryisaboutEliza,aflowergirl_______(sell)flowersinthestreet.______(born)inapoorneighbourhood,shespokeimproperEnglish.OnedayshemetProfessorHigginswhosaidthatif_________(educate),shecouldpassherselfoffasanupper-classlady.Soshetookspeechlessonsfromhim.basedsellingBorneducated与现在分词的区别二、过去分词作状语Gradually,Elizagotfamiliarwiththeproperwaytospeak,actanddress.ToseeifElizahadlearnedeverythingthatwastaught,Higginstookhertoaroyalball,_______(hope)shecouldconvinceeveryonethatsheherselfwasfromtheupperclass.Higginswas_________(delight)toseeEliza________(accept)asaperfectlady.hopingdelightedaccepted*无论是现在分词还是过去分词，其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语一致。如果不一致，则必须用状语从句、独立主格结构等其他表达形式。Ifcaught,thepolicewillpunishthethief.(×)Ifcaught,thethiefwillbepunishedbythepolice.(√)Ifthethiefiscaught,thepolicewillpunishhim/her.(√)注意二、过去分词作状语？*独立主格结构可以看作是把一个分句破坏了谓语独立主格结构的构成二、过去分词的的

独立主格结构

作状语

两个分句放在一起只以逗号隔开，而不用连词连接，这样的句子是错误的（一个句子有且仅有一个谓语！）eg:Hishomeworkwasfinished,hewentouttoplay.(x)

这时，我们可以把一个分句的谓语破坏掉，把其谓语变成非谓语或不用动词。上句可以变为:Hishomeworkfinished,hewentouttoplay.（这个分句被破坏后就成了独立主格结构）独立主格结构可以使句子更简练，有利于表达复杂内容。名词(代词)+过去分词(与前面构成被动关系)

过去分词(短语)作状语时，有时在分词前加上自己的主语，这种带有自身主语的过去分词被称为过去分词的独立主格结构。过去分词的独立主格结构在句中作状语时，通常可表示时间、原因、条件等。独立主格结构的构成二、过去分词的的

独立主格结构

作状语①

名词（代词）+过去分词（与前面构成被动关系）Thetestfinished,webeganourholiday.②

名词（代词）+现在分词（与前面构成主动关系）Weatherpermitting,wearegoingtovisityoutomorrow.③

名词（代词）+不定式（表将来）Hesuggestedgoingforapicnic,Marytoprovidethefood.④

名词（代词）+副词Thegameover,thecrowdrushedtotheexit.⑤

名词（代词）+形容词Ahuntercamein,hisfaceredwithcold.⑥

名词（代词）+介词短语Hecameoutofthelibrary,alargebookunderhisarm.⑦

名词（代词）+名词Thevillagers,mostofthemwomenandchildren,were

killedthatnight.破坏谓语的方法:含有be的，把be去掉;不含be的，谓语和主语是主动关系的，把谓语变为现在分词;是被动关系的，把谓语变为过去分词;谓语表将来动作的，变为不定式。用独立主格结构作状语改写句子①Afterthelecturewasgiven,alivelyquestion-­and­-answersessionfollowed.→_______________,alivelyquestion-­and-­answersessionfollowed.②Thefactoryproducedmanyfamouscars,noneofwhichwereshippedtoforeigncountries.→Thefactoryproducedmanyfamouscars,_______________________________________．Thelecturegivennoneofthemshippedtoforeigncountries独立主格结构的构成二、过去分词的的

独立主格结构

作状语课堂检测素养达标Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．_________(edit)bythreelanguageexperts，ithasbeenpopularwiththereaderseversinceitcameouttwoyearsago.2．Tonyisreallyamusingandalwaystellsjokeswhenhethinkswe'regetting________(bore).3．_________(fill)withpride，wearelookingforwardtothenextactivity.EditedboredFilled4．Hestoodtheresilently，____________(move)totears.5．__________(attract)bythebeautifulsight，Icouldn'twaittogooutsidewithmycamera.6．Though__________(defeat)manytimes，themandidn'tloseheart.7．_________(base)onwhatyouknowaboutme，pleasegivemesomepersonalsuggestions.movedAttracteddefeatedBased8．_____