标准解读
《GB/T 45422-2025 化学品 地表水系统-沉积物中泥鳅毒性试验》是一项国家标准，旨在提供一种标准化的方法来评估化学品对地表水系统中沉积物环境下的生物体——具体来说是泥鳅（Loach）的毒性影响。该标准适用于需要了解特定化学物质如何影响水生生态系统健康的研究人员、监管机构以及工业界人士。
标准详细描述了实验设计、测试条件、样品准备、数据记录与分析等方面的具体要求。首先，在选择用于测试的泥鳅时，需确保其处于良好健康状态，并且大小、年龄等特征相对一致，以减少非测试因素造成的变异。其次，关于沉积物的选择和处理也有明确指示，包括但不限于采集方式、储存条件及预处理步骤等，目的是为了模拟自然条件下可能遇到的情况。
在进行毒性测试之前，必须先确定受试化学物质的最大无效应浓度（NOEC, No Observed Effect Concentration）或最低观察到效应浓度（LOEC, Lowest Observed Effect Concentration），这通常通过一系列预备性实验完成。正式实验过程中，将不同浓度梯度的化学品加入含有泥鳅的沉积物样本中，随后监测一段时间内泥鳅的行为变化、生理指标甚至是死亡率等参数。
整个过程强调了对照组的重要性，即设置未添加任何额外化学品的对照组，以便准确判断测试结果。此外，还规定了实验周期、观察频率、终点测定方法等内容，确保数据收集的一致性和可靠性。最终，根据所获得的数据计算出LC50值（导致半数个体死亡的浓度），以及其他相关毒性指标，以此评价化学品对泥鳅乃至更广泛水生生态系统的潜在危害程度。
如需获取更多详尽信息，请直接参考下方经官方授权发布的权威标准文档。
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文档简介
ICS
13.300
CCS
A80
中华人民共和国国家标准
GB/T45422—2025
化学品地表水系统﹘沉积物中泥鳅
毒性试验
Chemicals—Surfacewater﹘sedimentMisgurnusanguillicaudatustoxicitytest
2025-02-28发布2025-09-01实施
国家市场监督管理总局发布
国家标准化管理委员会
GB/T45422—2025
目次
前言
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Ⅲ
1
范围
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2
规范性引用文件
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3
术语和定义
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1
4
试验原理
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5
受试物信息
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2
6
仪器设备
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2
7
试验系统
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2
7.1
受试生物
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2
7.2
试验用水
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3
7.3
试验条件
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3
7.4
沉积物
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3
8
试验程序
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8.1
预试验
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4
8.2
限度试验
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4
8.3
正式试验
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4
8.4
生物观察
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8.5
浓度分析
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9
质量保证与质量控制
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10
数据与报告
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5
10.1
试验数据
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10.2
试验数据处理
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10.3
结果报告
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6
附录A（资料性）
泥鳅生物学特性
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8
A.1
分类地位
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A.2
生活习性
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A.3
生物学特性
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8
附录B（规范性）
试验用水的化学特征
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9
附录C（资料性）
配制沉积物的组成
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10
参考文献
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Ⅰ
GB/T45422—2025
前言
本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《标准化工作导则第1部分：标准化文件的结构和起草规则》的规
定起草。
请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利。本文件的发布机构不承担识别专利的责任。
本文件由全国危险化学品管理标准化技术委员会（SAC/TC251）提出并归口。
本文件起草单位：中国环境科学研究院、南开大学、中检科健（天津）检验检测有限责任公司、
南昌大学、中国海洋大学、南京大学。
本文件主要起草人：刘征涛、李霁、祝凌燕、张彦峰、王晓南、闫振广、陈会明、周丽丽、葛刚、
李正炎、王尚洪、王遵尧、孙成、郑欣。
Ⅲ
GB/T45422—2025
化学品地表水系统﹘沉积物中泥鳅
毒性试验
1范围
本文件描述了化学品地表水系统﹘沉积物中泥鳅毒性试验的试验原理、受试物信息、仪器设备、试
验系统、试验程序、质量保证与质量控制、数据与报告。
本文件适用于地表水环境中化学品对底栖生物泥鳅的毒性效应测试，不适用于挥发性物质测试。
2规范性引用文件
下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中，注日期的引用文
件，仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改单）适用
于本文件。
GB/T5750.4生活饮用水标准检验方法第4部分：感官性状和物理指标
GB/T11901水质悬浮物的测定重量法
GB17378.5海洋监测规范第5部分：沉积物分析
HJ494水质采样技术指导
HJ501水质总有机碳的测定燃烧氧化﹘
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