空军工程大学357英语翻译基础2015-2017年考研专业课真题

空军工程大学2015年硕士研究生入学试题

考试科目：英语翻译基础（A卷）科目代码357

说明：答题时必须答在配发的空白答题纸上，答题可不抄题，但必须写清题

号，写在试题上不给分；考生不得在试题及试卷上做任何其它标记，否则试

卷作废；试题必须同试卷一起交回。

I.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.(4X6)

1.Thenewnationalregulationwouldaidenforcementbyclarifyingwho

isresponsibleforensuringsmoke-freeenvironments,suchasarestaurant

managerwhoshouldseekpolicehelpwithuncooperativepatrons,said

WHO'sChineserepresentativeBernhardSchwartlander.

2.LastweektheChinesegovernmentannounceditisdraftingaplanto

freeupthesaleofsaltaspartofitsdrivetoward“theprogressive

completionofthemarketsystem.^^Suchchangewouldbetrulyhistoric:the

Chinesestate'ssaltmonopolyhassurvived23imperialdynasties,37years

ofrepublicanrule,and65yearsofCommunistgovernment.

3.AbicyclistridinginthewrongdirectiononaVenicestreetdied

Thursdaynightafterbeinghitbyacarmakingaturn,authoritiessaid.

4.ThemeltrateofglaciersinwestAntarcticahastripledinthepast10

yearsdueinlai'gepailtoglobalwarming,accordingtoanewstudy.That

surgemeanstheglacierslostaMountEverest-sizedamountofwaterevery

twoyearsoverthepast21years,atroughlyamassof91.5billiontonsper

year,accordingtoscientistsatNASAandtheUniversityof

California-Irvine.

TranslatethefollowingpassagesintoChinese.(66')

Passage1

HongKongpolicearrested11morepeopleinasecondnightofscuffles

withdemonstratorsangryathavingtheir2-month-oldpro-democracyprotest

campinavolatileneighborhoodshutdown,officialssaidThursday.

Policealsosaidtheyarrestedsevenoftheirownofficersforassaultin

connectionwiththeOct.15beatingofahandcuffedprotesterduringaviolent

nighttimeclash.

Noneofthesevenofficerswereidentified.Therewaspublicangerwhen

theywerecaughtoncameraapparentlykickingandpunchingtheprotesterina

darkcornerofanunderpasswherehundredsofpolicewerebattlingactivists.

Inastatement,policedeniedaccusationsthattheirfailuretoimmediately

arrestthemmeanttheyweredelayingthecase.Policesaidtheywerecontinuing

toinvestigateandcollectevidence.

Thelatestarrestsoftheactivistsfollowedanaggressiveoperationby

authoritiestoclearouttheprotestcamponthebusystreetsofthecrowded

MongKokdistrict,oneofthreeprotestzonesaroundthecity.Policealready

hold148peoplewhohavebeendetainedsinceTuesday,includinghigh-profile

studentleadersJoshuaWongandLesterShum.

Wong,18,headstheScholarismgroup,whileShum,21,is

second-in-commandoftheHongKongFederationofStudents.Thegroups

haveplayedimportantrolesinorganizingtheprotestmovementseekingfree

electionsintheformerBritishcolony.

TheprotestersaredemandingthatHongKong'sgovernmentscrapaplan

byChina'sCommunistleaderstouseapanelofBeijing-friendlyelitestoscreen

candidatesfortheterritory'st0Pleaderininaugural2017elections.

TheclearanceoftheMongKokcampdealsablowtothemovement,

whichhashadlittletoshowaftertwomonthsofoccupyingHongKongstreets

althoughthearrestsofthepopularstudentleaderscouldalsoerodepublic

supportforauthorities。1')

Passage2

Astheskylineherevanishedonceagainunderchokingsmogthisweek,

citylawmakersreviewednewrulestocurbthisChinesecapital'sevendeadlier

haze:indoorsmoking.

SmokinginsideChina'srestaurants,barsandotherfacilitiesmakessuch

publicplacesevenmorehazardousthanfacingsmogoutdoors,accordingtothe

WorldHealthOrganization,whichsayssmokingkillsmorethan1million

Chinesecitizenseachyear.

TheorganizationwelcomedBeijing'sproposedbanonsmokingin

indoorpublicplaces一expectedtobepassedFridayandtakeeffectin

2015—assettingastrongstandardforallChinesecities.Thenewrules

includeincreasedfines,upto$80,forasingleviolation.

ThemovefollowsthepublicationofdraftregulationsMondayforatough

nationwidebanonindoorsmoking,limitsonoutdoorsmokingandrestrictions

ontobaccoadvertising.

Doctorsandanti-smokinglobbyistswarnenforcingrulesagainstsmoking

—andchangingpro-tobaccoattitudes—remainstoughinafume-filledsociety

wheresmokingremainshighlypopularandlittlecriticized.Withmorethan

300millionsmokers,Chinaistheworld'slargestproducerandconsumerof

tobaccoproducts.

Inrecentyears,thedangersofsmokingandsecond-handsmokecaused

officialstobanindoorsmokingin14cities,butthoseregulationsremained

widelyignoredandweaklyenforced.Thecapitafsnewrules——strongerthan

its2008regulations—banallindoorsmokinginpublicplaces,including

individualoffices.EvenBeijingairport'ssmokingloungesappearsettoclose.

Thedraftnationalregulation一publishedMondayforpublicfeedback一

takesthesmokingbantothenextlevelbyprohibitingallformsoftobacco

advertisingandsponsorship,limitingtheuseofsmokinginmoviesandTV

showsandintroducinggraphicwarningsthatshouldcoveratleasthalfof

cigarettepacks.

nIlobbiedthegovernmentforsomanyyears,finallyIcouldseeareal

change,"saidanexcitedXuGuihua,deputydirectoroftheChineseAssociation

onTobaccoControl,alobbyinggroup."TheBeijinglawwillbeamilestonefor

anti-smokingandhealthimprovementinthefuture.n(2T)

Passage3

LiberiawantstomovebeyondEbola

MONROVIA,Liberia一Thisisacitythatdesperatelywantstoshakeoff

Ebolaandgetonwithlife.

Themassivebillboardswarningofinfectionandimploringpeopletowash

theirhandsandmonitorfeversstillloomeveiywhere,butthey'velostvisual

punch,fadingintothekaleidoscopeofabusycityscape.

Apopulationwarnedaboutphysicalproximitytouchesandholdshands

andelbows,crowdingtogetherasreadilyasinanyotherteemingmetropolis.

Childrenscatteracrossintersections,hawkingwrappedcandiesorfried

plantainsthroughcarwindows.Motorcyclistsdartthroughtraffic,weighed

downwithpayingriderswhoclingtightlyfordearlife,fourtoabike.

Wheremajorpavedarteriesgivewaytocapillariesofrutteddirtroadsand

congestedneighborhoods,thepoorpopulationsseemtoobusyforthemeasures

aimedatdefeatingEbola.

"Let'sberealistic,'1U.S.AmbassadorDeborahMalacsays."Ifsveiyhard

forhumanbeingstobeardownandfocussointenselyoveranextremelylong

periodoftime.Itbecomesdifficult.Ifshardonpeople."

TheepidemichaseasedinLiberia,butitisn*tover.NearbySierraLeone

andGuinearemaininthethickofthedisease.InMonrovia,livingwithavirus

thatkills60%ofthoseitinfects,eveniftheinfectionratehasdropped,cannot

become“thenewnormal/saysKevinDeCock,headofaCentersforDisease

ControlandPreventionteam.

“Thedangerisofcomplacency,"heworries,"acceptingtheunacceptable."

Whentheepidemicwasatitsworstinthiscapitalcity,asbodieslayinthe

streetsandthesicklinedupatoverflowingtreatmentclinics,peoplesawthe

sicknessasanimminentdangerandresponded.Now,Ebolaislargelytucked

outofsightinpartiallyfilledclinics,oritclaimsindividualvictimslostinvast

slums.

Asithasfromthebeginning,theRedCrossmovesoutinconvoysto

recoverandincineratebodiestofightEbola.

BecauseMonroviansaresoeagertoputthecrisisbehindthem,theprocess

ofbodyremovalisbecomingtrickierandeventhreateningattimes,saysVictor

Lacken,aRedCrossspokesman.

IjoinedaretrievaleffortMondayinPaynesville,asectorthatwastrueto

thesoundofitsnameonthatday.ThefamilyofIsatuBaryougar,22,whodied

Sunday,fivedaysafterfallingill,wasanemotionalwreck.Therelativesstood

togetherinasmallclutch,eyeswetwithtears.

Isatu*ssister,PrincessBaryougai*,wentfromtearstohysteriaashersistefs

bodywascarriedawayinanorangebodybagbymoon-suitedRedCross

workers.Sheran,leapingintotheairuntilshefinallycollapsedontheground,a

blanklookonherface,asthebagwasliftedintothebackofaRedCrossNissan

pickup.

Herpersonaldevastationwasonlythebeginning.Membersofherfamily

shoutedatoneanotherinadisputeoverwhetherIsatu'sbodyshouldbetaken.

Theculturaltraditionisburial,andsomerelativeswereenragedaboutthe

decisiontogiveupherbodytotheRedCrossfbrcremation.

Asworkersbeganthetediousprocessofsafelyremovingtheirprotective

suits,rinsingwithchlorineandwatertoguardagainstinfection,scoresfromthe

neighborhoodgatheredinthedirtpathwaysbetweenhomes,andtheirangry

murmuringsgrewlouder.

SomesaiditwasunclearwhatkilledIsatuBaryougar,thatitmaynothave

beenEbola.ThemerepresenceofRedCrosstrucks,whichhadarrivedwith

sirensblaring,stigmatizedtheneighborhood,markingitsresidentsaspeopleto

beshunned.

Thiswasunfair,somecalledout.Onemansteppedforward,belligerently

demandingthattheRedCrossleaveimmediately.

"Theydon'tcallustheRedCrossanymore,MLackensaid,nervously

eyeingthegrowingdissent,"TheycallustheEbolapeople."

Monroviansdon'twantEbolaaroundanymore.Theywanttomove

on.(24')

III.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.(4X4)

1.当年苏联解体，对整个俄罗斯经济造成了巨大冲击，但对西

伯利亚东部和俄罗斯远东地区，这一事件堪称一场灾难。支撑这

一地区经济的军工企业一家家关停，就业岗位随之消失。

2.经过近20年毫无结果的谈判，俄罗斯终于在今年与中国签

署了几项天然气协议，这是普京“东方政策”的最亮眼成果。

3.根据美国疾病控制和预防中心，在过去的30年内肥胖儿童数

量已经翻了一倍，肥胖成年人数量则翻了四倍。

4.他认为，改革开放30年，与城市的发展相比，中国的农业仍

较原始，但落后也是机会。而且农业和食品安全有很大关联，中

国13亿人口越来越需要高质量安全放心的农产品，正是农业发展

的良机。

IV.TranslatethefollowingpassagesintoEnglish.(44,)

Passage1

或许是因为某个肯定不如你的人获得了升职。又或许是你在新

闻里读到了关于一位事业正蒸蒸日上的同窗的简介。抑或是因为厌

倦、疲惫，以及每天早晨走进办公室时那个悄悄冒出来的问题："我

的人生就是这样了吗”？

一种职业倦怠感困扰着很多人。但研究一次次证实，我们在职

业生涯开始或结束时并不是这样的。工作满意度是一条U型曲线。

早在1957年，美国一项针对工作满意度的研究就曾指出："总体

而言，年轻员工士气高昂。在参加工作的头几年，他们的工作劲头

往往会不断走低。"但在那之后，他们的工作劲头会"随年龄的增长而

稳步攀升"。

当然有一些例外。这属于社会研究，人跟人也是不同的。但我

们很多人会承认职业中期低谷期的存在，要么是因为我们正在经历

这么个时期，要么是因为我们还能清楚地记得那段经历。

这种情况为何会发生？参加工作的最初几年令人兴奋。我们感

觉更自由，认为自己独立了，进入了社会，还有自己的钱可以花。

当了那么多年的学生、听够了中小学和大学老师高高在上的教导之

后，我们如今成为了成人世界的一分子。

就像《职业和组织心理学期刊》(JournalofOccupationaland

OrganizationalPsychology)1996年的一篇文章所指出的那样,如果当

前的年轻人失业率高的话，新员工可能还会觉得自己能拥有一份工

作是特别幸运的。

但接着，跟任何新鲜体验一样，那种新鲜感会逐渐消退。工作

变成了例行程序。不管我们对于摆脱学校规章感到多么高兴，我们

发现，工作自己也会带来小小的烦恼。

还有那些职位在我们之上的人：占着最好的工作、挡着我们的

路，看上去还不如我们聪明。最后，我们变成了他们。随着我们年

龄的增长，对工作的不满足感逐渐消退，就像之前我们初入职场时

的那种新鲜感那样。我们更能接受“我们是谁"以及"我们取得了什么

成就"。

一些人对职业中期危机不屑一顾，他们将其归咎于习惯于要什

么就马上有什么的一代人的自以为是。我们也很容易认为，对工作

的不满足感在教育程度较高、有上升空间的人身上尤其容易出现，

因为他们的期望更高。

但最近一项针对澳大利亚建筑行业员工的调查发现，职业中期

病对蓝领员工的影响跟对白领员工的影响一样大。这项调查发表在

《职业健康心理学杂志》(JournalofOccupationalHealthPsychology)

上。

实际上，《美国国家科学院学报》(ProceedingsoftheNational

AcademyofSciences)2012年的一篇文章称，这种现象会影响所有人:

"在50多个国家，包括较为贫穷的发展中国家，都发现了工作满意度

U型曲线的存在。(24，)

Passage2

中国的拜金主义倾向一项令人厌恶，但却又挥之不去。在中国，

有点钱的人，傲慢得不得了。你在机场随时看到一些穿着以价格高

昂而著称的名牌、却同时风格和色彩搭配严重冲突的人士，大咧咧

地展示着自己的形象。一方面很多中国人喜爱昂贵的宠物，另一方

面又对中国儿童的艰难处境置之不理，甚至可以用车碾压儿童，周

边众人视之不见。

在中国，乡村中的所谓“留守儿童"的数量高达6000万之众，因

为父母忙于在城市中赚钱，他们实质上被遗弃在了乡村。在中国，

有名人发出这样的感叹，"管他妈的，活下去要紧！"在中国，高速公

路上一辆货车因出事故而翻倒，众人赶来，不是伸手援助，去抢救

伤员，而是蜂拥而至，疯抢倾倒的货车上的货物，以至警察挡都挡

不住。至于拿钱"砸"人的，用钱为非作歹、不择手段的，有钱的富二

代、富三代聚众淫乱的，更是屡见不鲜，时有所闻。

金钱在中国，重要的是拥有，而无人在意你怎样拥有！这样的

社会几乎可以说是拜金主义走向极致的社会。问题在于，能否和如

何改变这一现象？中国有可能从粗野和原始走向理性和文明吗？

(20')

空军工程大学2016年硕士研究生入学试题

考试科目：英语翻译基础(A卷)科目代码357

说明：答题时必须答在配发的空白答题纸上，答题可不抄题，但必须写清题

号，写在试题上不给分；考生不得在试题及试卷上做任何其它标记，否则试

卷作废；试题必须同试卷一起交回。

SECTIONITranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.

(20points)

1.EverySouthernCaliforniacommuterwhohasstaredthroughthewindshield

atstop-and-gotrafficcannameatleastoneportionofafreewaythatmakes

rush-hourdrivingparticularlypainful.

AstudyreleasedMondaybytheAmericanHighwayUsersAlliance,a

nonprofitgroupthatlobbiesforinterstatehighwayinvestment,examinedwhich

routesintheUnitedStatesarethemostcontinuouslycrowded,24hoursaday,

ratherthanduringpeakperiods.Elevenofthe30worstbottlenecksareinGreater

LosAngeles.(7points)

2.Gorbachev,whohasconsolidatedpowerfasterthananypredecessorsince

Stalin,alsotiesthe"Russiandream“tohiseffortsatrootingoutcorruptioninthe

mlingparty.Hiscrackdownhaswonpublicsupportbutalsoelbowedoutpotential

politicalrivals.(4points)

3.BannersdrapedacrossapartmentbuildingsandoveipassesinChinastill

proclaimXi'sslogan.AposterputupbyasafetybureauinQingdaoreads,

"Securitydream,Chinesedream.^^(3points)

4.WhenworldleadersgatherinParislaterthismonthattheUnitedNations

climatechangesummit,IndianPrimeMinisterNarendraModimaybeseenasa

villain.He,ontheotherhand,wantstoconvincetheworldthatIndiaismending

itscaibon-heavyways.

ThecaseagainstPrimeMinisterModiissimple:Indiaiseasilythelai*gest

emitterofgreenhousegasesintheworldandhasalwaysrefusedtosetitselfany

firmtargetsforacaponemissions,letaloneareduction.(6points)

SECTIONIITranslatethefollowingpassagesintoChinese.

(70points)

1.Nationalemergency?Belgiansrespondtoten*orraidswithcats

Anofficialrequestforcitizenstoavoidtweetinganythingthatcouldinform

teiToristswhatisgoingonresultedinanationaloutbreakofpetpictures.

When,onSundayevening,Belgianpoliceaskedcitizensnottotweetabout

thearmedoperationsthatwerebeingcarriedoutaroundthecountry,anyonecould

havebeenexcusedforreactingwithfear.

BelgianforcessearchingforsuspectsintheaftermathoftheParisattacks一

toldcitizenstostayindoorsandnotgoneartheirwindowsforsafetyreasons.

Theyalsoappealedforsocialmediasilenceaboutanypoliceactionusers

mightwitness-presumablytokeepthesuspectsinthedark.

Atensetime,nodoubt.ButBelgiumreacted-howelse?一withcats.

Insteadofspeculationaboutthesortofthreatpolicemightbereactingto,

manypeopleusedthe#BnjsselsLockdownhashtagtopostpicturesoftheirpets.

(12points)

2.AsdescribedinmybookWhoAmI?:The16BasicDesiresThat

MotivateOurBehaviorandDefineOurPersonality,wediscoveredthathumans

share16basicdesires.

Theyare:acceptance,curiosity,eating,family,honor,idealism,

independence,order,physicalactivity,power,romance,saving,socialcontact,

status,tranquilityandvengeance.

MycolleaguesandInowbelievethateverythingthatmovesus-allhuman

motives-expressoneormoreofthese16basicdesires.

Forthepast10years,wehavebeenlearninghowthesedesiresplayoutin

religionandspirituality.Inmylatestbook,The16StrivingsforGod:TheNew

PsychologyofReligiousExperience,Isuggestthatvirtuallyeveryreligiousbelief

andpracticeexpressesoneofthe16basicdesires,ortwoormoreofthemacting

together.

Yourmostimportantdesiresmaybecuriosityandsocialcontact,forexample,

butyourpartner'smostimportantneedsmaybeacceptanceandorder.

Wehaveachoiceofsatisfyingourdesiresthroughreligionandspiritualityor

throughsecularinstitutions.Thebelievermaysatisfyhisorherneedfor

acceptancebyembracingGod-as-savior,whereasthenonbelievermightembrace,

say,positivepsychology.Thebelievermaysatisfyaneedforstatusbyembracing

theideaofhavingbeencreatedbyGod,whereasthenonbelievermightpursue

wealthandmaterialismto住elimportant.

Religionrisesandfoilsinpopularitydependingonhowwellitsatisfiesour

needsversusthesecularalternatives.Viewedinthislight,fourmajorshiftsin

secularculturemaybebehindthedeclineinreligiousaffiliation.

(1)Organizedreligionversusspirituality

PhilosopherWilliamJames,whomsomeconsiderthe"FatherofAmerican

psychology,andpsychiatristCariJung,whodevelopedtheideaoftheextrovert

andintrovert,wereamongthosewhoembracedmysticism,orasenseofthe

Absolute,buthadlitdeusefororganizedreligion.Jamestaughtustosearchforthe

mystical,personalGodthatmeetsourneedsasindividuals.Jungwrotethat

organizedreligiongetsinthewayofthetruereligiousencounter.

Historically,mysticism-orwhatsomecall“spirituality”-hasbeen

associatedwithdisinterestinorganizedreligion.

MoreAmericansthaneveraresayingthattheyare"spiritual,butnot

religious.^^Inthe2012surveybythePewReligionandPublicLifeProject,nearly

afifthofthosepolledsaidthattheywerenotreligiouslyaffiliated.Thatnumber

hasincreasedto23%inthelateststudy.

Peopleseemtobeshiftingtheirsearchformeaningbylookingwithinrather

thantotheheavens.Thismaybemotivatingadeclineofinterestinorganized

religion.

(2)Tribalismversushumanitarianism

Acommonwayofhonoringone'sancestorsistoembracetheirmoralcode

andreligion.Historically,loyaltytothetribeandclanhasmotivatedparticipation

inorganizedreligion.Freudcalledattentiontothetribalrootsofreligioninhis

essayTotemandTaboo.

FrenchsociologistandphilosopherEmileDurkheimobservedtheroleof

religionincommunalbonding.

Theglobaleconomymayhavesignificantlyincreasedsocialcontactamong

peoplefromdifferentculturesandreligions.Aswelearnthesimilaritiesofpeople

everywhere,Isuggestthatmanyofusmaybelessinclinedtothinkofpeopleas

Christians,Muslims,HindusandJews,andmoreinclinedtowardthinkingof

peopleoffaithassimilarregardlessofreligiousaffiliation.

Globalismmaybedrivingariseininterestininterfeithactivities.Aswe

relatemoretopeopleglobally,wemayrealizeasneverbeforethatoursisnotthe

onlytruereligion.

(3)Traditionalversusnontraditionalfamilies

Historically,organizedreligionshavereliedheavilyonthefamilytoraise

religiouschildrenandrecruitnewchurchmembers.Todaywehaveamajor

restructuringofthefamily,withfewerthanhalfofUSkidslivinginaWaditional

family.Thischangeinfamilystructuiemayberesponsibleforlesssuccessful

religioustrainingandrecruitmentofyoungpeople.

Organizedreligionmayputforthmythsandsymbolslessrelevanttochildi*en

growingupinnontraditionalfamiliesversustraditionalones.

TheBible,forexample,doesnotaddi*esschildrenofdivorcedparents.These

childrenmayfeeluncomfortablewithcertainreligiousteachings,suchasGod's

disapprovalofdivorce.TheymaythinkGoddisapprovesoftheirparentsorthem.

(4)Trustversuslossofconfidenceininstitutions

TheinternethasgivenusunprecedentedaccesstoinfoiTnationaboutour

institutions,manytimesexposingtheirdarkersides.

Aswelearnmoreaboutoursocietyanditsinstitutions,wesometimes

becomepainfullyawareofhypocrisyandscandal.Thatmaybeoneimportant

reasonthatconfidenceinmanyofourinstitutions,frombusinesstoschoolsto

government,isbelowhistoricalnorms.

Confidenceinreligion,inparticular,isatanall-timelow,partlybecauseof

religiousscandalsintheCatholicChurchandelsewhere.Suchscandalsencourage

cynicismamongmanyobserversregardlessoftheirreligiousaffiliation.

Interestingly,theconfidenceofCatholicsseemsleastaffected.

Ibelievethesefourfactorshaveplayedaroleinmakingorganizedreligion

lessadeptatmeetingpeople'sbasicdesires.Thatdoesn'tmeanthiswillalwaysbe

so.Religionmaychangeandadapt-asithasbefore-tobettermeetourbasic

humanneeds.

Whetheritwillremainsanopenquestion.(58points)

SECTIONIIITranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.

(15points)

(1)我们常为一些应该忽视、遗忘的小事而烦恼伤神。

(2)这些事，或为受过我们帮助的人不知感恩，或为我们视为知己的人说我

们的坏话，或为我们未能得到某种该得的奖赏。

(3)这些事，每每使我们万分颓丧，以致不能工作睡眠。这岂不荒谬可笑？

(4)在这个世界上，我们只有几十年的生命，可是我们竟然以不可弥补的许

多时光忧思苦境冤情，其实这些事情只要不出一年，每人都会忘却。

(5)不要这样，让我们把生活投入到有意义的事情，因为人生太短。

SECTIONIVTranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.

(45points)

然而我们仍然怀念清华园。在昆明读书和教书的八年里，可以说没有一

天不想念北方的故土。中国历史上，汉族士大夫几度被赶出北方，却没有一

次能够回去。正如冯友兰先生指出的，只有这一次抗日不同。我们战胜了，

1946年夏我从昆明带着妻儿重新回到了清华园，虽然校舍残破，校园荒芜，

但有陈岱孙先生领导一批员工在进行大规模的复校工作，不久就在北方的灿

烂秋阳中重新上课，清华人意兴之豪，达到了一个新的高度。

接着，我出国留学。等我回来，清华园已经解放，开始了一个新的历史

时期。后来我转入别的学校工作。但是我心里始终保持着一种清华做学问的

标准。这标准并无人明确定出，但是无数师友“行胜于言”的实际榜样却使我

悟到：做学问必须要有最高标准，而取得学问却是为了报效国家。简单说，

就是卓越与为公。

空军工程大学2017年硕士研究生入学试题

考试科目：英语翻译基础(A卷)科目代码357

说明：答题时必须答在配发的空白答题纸上，答题可不抄题，但必须写清题

号，写在试题上不给分；考生不得在试题及试卷上做任何其它标记，否则试

卷作废；试题必须同试卷一起交回。

PartIEnglishtoChinese

SectionASentenceTranslation(25points)

Direction：TranslatethefollowingEnglishsentencesinto

Chinese.WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET.

1.Theassertionthatitwasdifficult,ifnotimpossible,forapeopletoenjoyits

basicrightsunlessitwasabletodeterminefreelyitspoliticalstatusandto

ensurefinelyitseconomic,socialandculturaldevelopmentwasnowscarcely

contested.

2.Wehavenolandethic,butwehaveatleastdrawnnearerthepointof

admittingthatbirdsshouldcontinueasamatterofintrinsicright,regardlessof

thepresenceorabsenceofeconomicadvantagetous.

3.Evaporationofthesoilandtranspiration（蒸腾作用）fromvegetationare

responsibleforthedirectreturntotheatmosphereofmorethanhalfthewater

whichfallsontheland.

4.Scientistsworldwidehaveconductedscoresofstudiessincethe1993

publicationoflandmarkpaperbyEricsson（人名）andtwocolleagues,many

focusingonsports,musicandchess,inwhichpeiibrmanceisrelativelyeasy

tomeasureandplotovertime.

5.Staggeringassomeofthewealthis,itpalesincomparisonwiththeworld's

richestlist,whichbringstheMittals（米尔塔家族）inatonlyninthplace,some

waybehindtheUSWaltonfamily,ownersoftheWal-Martsupermarket

chain.

SectionBTextTranslation（65points）

Direction：TranslatethefollowingEnglishtextinto

Chinese.WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET.

AlongtimesinceIwroteinthisbook.InSeptemberIcaughtacold,which

meantthreeweeks9illness.

Ihavenotbeensuffering;merelyfeverishandweakandunabletousemymind

foranythingbutadailyhourortwoofthelightestreading.Theweatherhasnot

favoredmyrecovery,wetwindsoftenblowingandnotmuchsun.Lyinginbed,I

havewatchedthesky,studiedtheclouds,which-solongastheyarecloudsindeed,

andnotamerewasteofgreyvapor-alwayshavetheirbeauty.Inabilitytoreadhas

alwaysbeenmyhorror;onceatroubleoftheeyesallbutdrovememadwithfeai*of

blindness;butIfindthatinmypresentcircumstances,inmyownstillhouse,withno

intrusiontobedread,withnotaskorcaretoworryme,Icanfleetthetimenot

unpleasantlyevenwithouthelpofbooks.

Fornotsurelybydeliberateeffortofthoughtdoesamangrowwise.Thetruths

oflifearenotdiscoveredbyus.Atmomentsunforeseen,somegraciousinfluence

desce