考研英语阅读理解A节(传统题型)分类精讲科学技术类

考研英语阅读理解A节（传统题型）分类精讲科学技术类-（一）

（总分:100.00,做题时间：90分钟）

一、SectionIIReadingComprehension（总题数：5,分数：100.00）

Imaginebrowsingawebsitewhenanattractiveadforlingeriecatchesyoureye.Youdon'tclick

onit,merelysmileandgotoanotherpage.Yetitfollowsyou,puttingupmoreracypictures,

perhapseventheofferofadiscount.Finally,annoyedbyitspersistence,youfrown."Sorryfor

takingupyourtime,“saysthead,andprompt1ystopsfurtherdisturbance.Creepy.Butmaking

onlineadsthatnotonlyknowyouarelookingatthembutalsorespondtoyouremotionswillsoon

bepossible,thankstothepowerofimage-processingsoftwareandthecommonexistenceoftiny

camerasincomputersandmobiledevices.

Usesforthistechnologywouldnot,ofcourse,beconfinedtoadvertising.Thereisamplescope

toapplyitinareaslikesecurity,computergaming,educationandhealthcare.Butadvertisers

areamongthefirsttoembracetheideainearnest.Advertisingfirmsalreadyfilmhowpeople

reacttoads,usuallyinanartificialsetting.Theparticipants'facesarestudiedforpositive

ornegativefeelings.Alotofresearchhasbeendoneintowaysofcategorizingtheemotionsbehind

facialexpressions.Someconsumer-researchcompaniesalsoemploycamerastotrackeyemovements

sotheycanbesurewhattheirsubjectsarelookingat.Thiscanhelpdeterminewhichadsattract

themostattentionandwheretheymightbeplacedforthebesteffectonawebpage.

Oneofthecompaniesdoingsuchwork,Realeyes,whichisbasedinLondon,hasbeendeveloping

asystemthatcombineseye-spyingwebcamswithemotionalanalysis.MihkelJaatma,whofounded

thecompanyin2007,saysthathissystemisabletodetectaperson,smoodbyplottingtheposition

offacialfeatures,suchaseyebrows,mouthandnostrils,andemployingcleverprogramsto

interpretchangesintheiralignment-aswheneyebrowsareraisedinsurprise,say.Add

eye-movementtracking,hintingatwhichdisplayadswereoverlookedandwhichwerestudiedfor

anyperiodoftime,andtheapproachofferspreciselythesortofquantitativedatabrandmanagers

yearnfor.

Atpresentthesystemisbeingusedonpurpose-builtwebsiteswith,forinstance,onlineresearch

groupstestingtheeffectofvariousdisplayads.Thenextstepistomakeinteractiveads.Because

theycanspotthevisualattentiongiventothem,aswel1astheemotionalstateoftheviewer,

theseadscouldchangetheirresponses.

Assimilartechnologiesbecomewidespread,privacyconcernswillinvariablyincrease.People

wouldneedtogiveconsenttotheirwebcamsbeingusedinthisway,Mr.Jaatmaadmits.Oneway

topersuadeInternetuserstograntaccesstotheirimageswouldbetoofferthemdiscountson

goodsorsubscriptionstowebsites.

（分数：20.00）

（1）.TheimaginedsituationinParagraph1introduces

A.aneffectivewayofdisplayingadvertisements.

B.amethodofgettingridofannoyingcommercials.

C.animage-processingsoftwareusedinpromotion.

D.aninnovativetechnologytrackingpeople*semotions.（分数：4.00）

A.

B.

C.

I）.J

解析：［解析］推断题。根据题干定位到第•段。该段前五句话描述了一个想象的情景：人们在浏览网页时，

页面出现了一个奇特的广告，它能觉察到人们对广告的情绪浮动并能作出相应的反应。第六句话是作者对

此的评价一一这简直不可思议(Creepy)。接下来第七句话是对这•想象中的情景进行描述和解释：这种广

告不仅仅是一种知道用户正在查看，同时还能根据用户的情绪作出反应的广告，并且由于图像处理软件的

强大作用和微型摄像头的广泛存在，这种奇特的广告将会很快成为现实。由此可知，D项“一种可以识别

人的情绪变化的新技术”符合文意，为正确答案。

(2).AccordingtoParagraph2,thestudyofpeople*semotionalresponsestoads

A.contributestothewideuseofinteractiveadsinvariousfields.

B.helpstoimprovethewayinwhichonlineadsaredisplayed.

C.classifiesthedifferentemotionsofthesubjectsinreallife.

D.opensadoortoabetteracceptanceofonlineadvertisements.(分数：4.00)

A.

B.V

C.

D.

解析：［解析］细节题。根据题干定位到第二段。该段第四至六句话介绍了人们对广告的情绪反应的研究：

广告公司录制了在模拟场景中(inanartificialsetting)人们对于广告的不同反应，并对参与者表达积

极或消极情绪时的面目表情进行了研究。结合第一段中的信息(根据人的情绪作出反应的广告)，可推知，

广告商是想通过研究人的情绪开发出这种广告，以便获得更好的广告效果，B项符合文意，故为正确答案。

(3).TheemotionalanalysisbyRealeyescompanymainlyfocuseson

A.eyemovements.

B.psychologicaldisorders.

C.facialexpressions.

D.quantitativedata.(分数：4.00)

A.

B.

C.V

D.

解析：［解析］细节题。根据题干关键词Realeyescompany定位到第三段。该段介绍了Realeyes公司所开

发的一个新系统。首句指出，该公司一直在研发一种将眼球监测网络摄像头与情绪分析相结合的系统。接

下来第二句具体指出该系统所具有的功能，能够通过标示眉毛、嘴和鼻孔等面部位置，并运用智能程序识

别其位置的变化来识别人的情绪(detectaperson,smoodbyplottingthepositionoffacialfeatures),

故可推断出该公司对情绪的分析主要是通过标示人的面部特征来进行的，C项符合文意，为正确答案。

(4).Interactiveadsarefeaturedby

A.smartresponses.

B.identificationofattention.

C.recognitionofemotions.

D.acuteobservation.(分数：4.00)

A.J

B.

C.

D.

解析：［解析］推断题。根据题干关键词Interactiveads定位至第四段。该段第一、二句指出，目前该系

统正被用于各种为特定目的而建立的网站，而下一步就是要制作互动式广告。接着第三句对互动式广告进

行了说明：由于这类广告能捕捉到人们的视觉关注以及浏览者的情绪状态，因此它们可以作出相应的反应

(theseadscouldchangetheirresponses)0由此可推知，捕捉到浏览者对其的视觉关注和情绪是互动

式广告作出相应反应的两个前提条件，同时也是互动式广告的特殊之处，故A项正确。

(5).Asforthenewtechnology,useofwebcamswouldbeforbiddenwhen

A.intellectualpropertyisconcerned.

B.Internetusersdonotpermitit.

C.thetechnologybecomespopular.

D.nodiscountsorotherservicesareprovided.(分数：4.00)

A.

B.V

C.

D.

解析：［解析］细节题。根据题干中关键词定位至最后一段。该段首句指出，随着此类技术的广泛使用，对

于个人的隐私将备受关注，接着第二句指出Jaatma先生也表示出，以这种方式使用网络摄像头必须要得到

当事人的同意(Peoplewouldneedtogiveconsenttotheirwebcamsbeingusedinthisway),由此

可知，如果当事人不同意，这种网络摄像头则会被禁用，B项符合此意，故为正确答案。

Treatingwastewaterisenergyintensive.IntheUS,itsucksuptheequivalentoutputoffour

ofthecountry*sbiggestpowerplantseveryyear.Butitneedn*tbesuchadrainonresources-soon

itmightbeabletoearnitskeep.AteamledbyHongLiufromOregonStateUniversityinCorvallis

hasplansformicrobialfuelcellsthatwillreclaimenergyfromwastewaterandproducearound

2.87wattsperlitreofwastewater.Thatisalmostdoubletheamountofelectricalpowerusual

forsuchacel1.Anditsby-productscouldbeharnessedtocreatecheap,biodegradableplastics.

Wastewaterholdshugeamountsofenergy,boundupinorganicmolecules,butitcanbedifficult

toaccess.TheOregonfuelceilsrunonmicrobesthatwouldnormallydigestorganicmatterto

producewater.Inafuelcell,though,isolatedfromoxygen,thatconversionstopsandelectrons,

whicharebundledwithprotonsandoxygentoformwater,arepulledawayfromthemicrobesby

thepotentialbetweenacathodeandananode,creatinganelectricalcurrent.

Aswel1astransferringthemixtureofmicrobesontheelectrodes,theOregondesignhasalso

managedtosquashfarmoreelectrodesintothefuelcellthanonpreviousversions.Liusaysher

labaimstoscaleupthedevicewithinthenextfiveyearsandmakeitcheaper.Theby-products

ofwastewatertreatmentcanbeharnessedtoo.Engineersareworkingonawaytoconvertmethane

intobiodegradableplastics.

Thedreamplasticwou1dbebiodegradable,madefromorganicmaterials,andbreakdowneasily.

Atthemoment,po1yhydroxya1kanoate(PHA)seemslikethebestbet.ButPHAplasticsare

manufacturedbygeneticallymodifiedbacteriafedonsugarsinaprocessthatisbothexpensive

andcomplex,makingithardforthemtocompetewithconventionalplastics.Inthepast,

researchershaveusedtheby-productsofwastewatertreatmenttogeneratefuelandsometimes

eventocreateplastics,butnearlyal1theseattemptshavefocusedonthesolidwasteandchemicals.

Becausethesolidwasteismadeofmanydiversecomponents,itproducesalessstableplastic.

SoMollyMorseofMangoMaterialsinCaliforniaandcolleaguesarenowusingmethane,another

majorby-productoftreatingwastewater.Methanotrophs,simpleorganismsthatfeedonmethane,

aremuchbetteratconvertingitintopolymersthantypicalbacteriaareatconvertingsugarinto

plastics.Methaneispumpedintoavatofmethanotrophs—harvestedfromthewastewatertreatment

plantitself-alongwithabubblingstreamofoxygenandafewothernutrients.Theendresult

isapolymerpowderthatcanbeseparatedfromthemassofbacteriaandturnedintopelletsfor

shapingintocommercialplasticproducts.

(分数：20.00)

(1).WhatcanwelearnaboutHongLiu'splans?

A.Theywi11cal1forrecognitionofthepubic.

B.Theywi11protectenergyfromfurtherlosing.

C.Theyhavefailedtoproperlypreserveenergy.

D.Theycanrecoverusefulthingsfromwasteproducts.(分数：4.00)

A.

B.

c.

D.J

解析：［解析］推断题。根据题干关键词HongLiu'splans定位至第一段。由该段第四句可知energyfrom

wastewaterandproducearound2.87wattsperlitreofwastewaler。（利用废水再生能源，每升废

水能产出大约2.87瓦的电能），从废水中生产电力应该属于废弃物再利用，D项与此相符，故为正确答案。

（2）.Accordingtothepassage,theenergyinwastewater

A.doesn*treachtheamountforusage.

B.iseasytobeacquiredandstocked.

C.canbetransformedintoelectricalpower.

D.canonlybeusedinproducingplastics.（分数：4.00）

A.

B.

C.J

D.

解析：［解析］细节题。根据题干定位至前两段。第一段第四句指出，该计划将利用废水再生能源，每升废

水能产出大约2.87瓦的电能；第二段最后一句指出，在-一个燃料电池中，电子通过正负极之间的电压得以

从微生物中脱离，进而产生电流。由此推知，废水中的能量可被转化为电力的方式得以释放利用。故C项

符合文意。

（3）.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutPHAplastics?

A.Theirproducingischeapandsimple.

B.Theycanbreakdowneasi1yafterusage.

C.Theyaren,tasgoodasconventionalplastics.

D.Theycanonlybeacquiredfromsolidwaste.（分数：4.00）

A.

B.V

C.

D.

解析：［解析］细节题。根据题干关键词PHAplastics定位至第四段。该段首句提及Thedreamplastic

would...breakdowneasily（理想的塑料应是很容易分解的）：第二句又说Atthemoment,PHAseemslike

thebestbet（目前,PHA看似是首选目由此推知PHA具备breakdowneasily等特点，故B项“其在使

用后可轻易分解”为正确答案。

（4）.Withmethane,MollyMorseandcolleagues

A.cantreatwastewaterwithlessby-products.

B.willconvertsugarintoplasticsmucheasily.

C.canbreakawayfromwastetreatmentplants.

D.willcreatemorecommercialplasticproducts.（分数：4.00）

A.

B.

C.

D.J

解析：［解析］细节题。根据题干关键词：MollyMorseandcolleagues定位至最后一段。本段介绍了莫

莉・莫斯及其同事们正在利用废水处理的另一种主要副产品一一甲烷，通过一系列转化，最终生成一些能

够从菌群中分离出来的聚合物粉末，进而制成颗粒以备制造各种成型的商业塑料制品，故D项为正确答案。

⑸.What'sthemainideaofthispassage?

A.Howtomakeelectricityfromwater.

B.Plasticsandenvironmentprotection.

C.Wastewatertreatmentandrecycling.

D.Wasteclassificationandtreatments.（分数：4.00）

A.

B.

C.J

D.

解析：［解析］主旨题。作者在文章首段就提及“废水处理”的问题，接着从利用废水产出电能和利用废水

处理的副产品甲烷生产塑料两方面分别进行了阐述。由此可推知，本文主要围绕废水处理及其再利用展开，

故C项与此相符，为正确答案。A项和B项只涉及文章部分内容，以偏概全，故均被排除，D项中“分类”

的含义无法找到原文相关信息，故排除。

Thescourgethat*splaguingcruiselines-andcausingthousandsofAmericanstorethinktheir

holidaytravelplans—didn，tstartthisyear,nordiditevenstartonaship.Itbegan,asfar

astheCentersforDiseaseControl(CDC)cantell,inNorwalk,Ohio,inOctober1968,when116

e1ementary-schoo1chiIdrenandteacherssuddenlybecameill.TheCDCinvestigated,andtheculprit

wasdiscoveredtobeasmall,spherical,previouslyunclassifiedvirusthatscientistsnamed,

appropriatelyenough,theNorwalkvirus.

Flashforward34years,andNorwalk-likeviruses(there,sawholefamilyofthem)areallover

thenewsasoneoceanlinerafteranotherlimpsintoportwithpassengerscomplainingofnausea,

vomiting,diarrheaandcramping.TheCDC,whichgetscalledinwhenevermorethan2%ofavesseTs

passengerscomedownwiththesamedisease,identifiedNorwalkastheinfectiousagentandoversaw

thoroughshipscrubbings-whichtothedismayoftheownersofthecruiselines,haven'tmade

theproblemgoaway.

Soareweinthemiddleofanoceangoingepidemic?NotaccordingtoDaveForney,chiefofthe

CDC,svessel-sanitationprogram.Heseesthiskindofthingal1thetime;asimilaroutbreakon

severalshipsinAlaskalastsummergotalmostnopress.Infact,hesays,asfaras

gastrointestinalillnessgoes,fewerpeoplemaybegettingsickthisyearthanlast.

Norwalk-likeviruses,itturnsout,areextremelycommon-perhapssecondonlytocoldviruses-and

theytendtobreakoutwheneverpeoplecongregateinclosequartersformorethantwoorthree

days.Oceangoingpleasureshipsprovideexcellentbreedinggrounds,butsodoschools,hotels,

camps,nursinghomesandhospitals.^Wheneverwelookforthisvirus,*saysDr.MarcWiddowson,

aCDCepidemiologist,“wefindit."Justlastweek100students(of500)attheVarsityAcres

ElementarySchoolinCalgary,Altastayedhomesick.Schoolprank?Hardly.TheNorwalkvirushad

struckagain.

Ifoceancruisesareyourideaoffun,don,tdespair.Thismightevenbeagreattimetogoshopping

forabargain.Theshipshavebeencleaned.Thefoodandwaterhavebeenexaminedandfoundvirus

free.AccordingtotheCDC,itwasprobablythepassengerswhobroughtthevirusaboard.

Ofcourse,ifyouareillorrecoveringfromastomachbug,youmightdoeverybodyafavorand

putoffyourtraveluntiltheinfectiousperiodhaspassed(itcantakeacoupleofweeks).To

reduceyourchancesofgettingsick,thebestthingtodoiswashyourhands-frequentlyand

thoroughly—andkeepthemoutofyourmouth.

Onemorething:if,likeme,youarepronetomotionsickness,don，tforgettopackyourDramamine.

(分数：20.00)

(1).Accordingtothetext,CDCisanorganizationthat

A.worksagainsttheNewwalk-likeviruses.

B.helpstocontroldiseases.

C.specializesintreatingvirusinocean1iners.

D.worksforthebenefitsofcruiseowners.(分数：4.00)

A.

B.J

C.

D.

解析：［解析］细节题。根据题干定位到第一段。本段首先介绍了影响远洋客轮的灾祸，接着提到了CDC,

指出CDC进行了调查，发现病因是一种以前未分类的微型球状病毒，第二段提到CDC时指出，CDC认定诺

沃克病毒是传染媒介，并监督客轮进行全面的消毒。这说明，CDC是一个控制疾病的组织。B项“帮助控制

疾病”与此意符合，为正确答案。

(2).WhatcanbeinferredfromthewordsofDaveForney?

A.Norwalk-likevirusescausedhorrorsamongpeople.

B.Norwalk-likevirusescanbeeliminatedbyCDC.

C.Norwalk-likevirusescasuallyappearonvessels.

D.Norwalk-likevirusesco-existwithgastrointestinalillness.(分数：4.00)

A.

B.

C.V

D.

解析：［解析］推断题。根据题干定位到第三段。该段首先提到，我们是在经历一场远洋航行中的流行病吗？

接着介绍了载夫•弗雷的观点一一事实并非如此，他有时见到这种事情，去年在阿拉斯加的几艘船上爆发

的类似病毒几乎没有引起媒体的关注。由此可知，他认为，类似病毒的爆发只是偶然现象。C项“类似于

诺沃克的病毒偶然出现于轮船上”与此意符合，为正确答案。其他三项均与原文不符。

(3).ThehistoryofNorwalk-likevirustellsusthat

A.itisnamedbyCDC.

B.itcausedthousandsoftouristssick.

C.itisanordinaryvirus.

D.ithasbeeneradicatednow.(分数：4.00)

A.

B.

C.V

D.

解析：［解析］细节题。文章第一、二段都提到了诺沃克病毒，第三段介绍了专家的观点，第四段接着指出，

事实证明，类似于诺沃克的病毒非常普遍，可能仅次于感冒病毒。这说明，该病毒很普遍。C项“它是一

种常见病毒”与此意符合，为正确答案。第一段最后一句话提到是科学家命名该病毒的，所以A项错误：

文中提到该病毒导致的患病人数是116人，第二段提到，一艘又一艘的远洋客轮载着抱怨晕船和呕吐的乘

客颠簸着驶进港口，并没有提到患病人数，说明B项错误；D项属于无中生有。

(4).Wecanlearnfromthefourthparagraphthat

A.studentsareeasilyattackedbytheNorwalk-likevirus.

B.Norwalk-likevirusestendtobreakoutinclosedcrowdedplace.

C.Norwalk-likevirusesmightcauseflu.

D.Norwalk-likevirusesarenotwidespread.(分数：4.00)

A.

B.J

C.

D.

解析：［解析］推断题。根据题干定位到第四段。第四段提到，类似于诺沃克的病毒非常普遍，只要人们聚

集在拥挤的地方超过两到三天的时间，这种病毒就可能爆发，随后举例说明了这个问题。B项”类似于诺

沃克的病毒往往在人群拥挤的地方爆发”是对文中相关信息的改写，为正确答案。其他三项均与原文不符。

(5).Weknowfromtheauthor*ssuggestionsthat

A.wecanbargainabouttheoceancruises.

B.peoplewithmotionsicknessshouldnottravelbyships.

C.passengersmightbethecauseofNorwalk-likeviruses.

D.washinghandsisagoodhabit.(分数：4.00)

A.

B.

C.J

D.

解析：［解析］推断题。文章后面三段介绍了作者的观点一一如果你认为远洋客轮可以带来乐趣，那么就不

要绝望；根据CDC的观点，可能是乘客把病毒带到了船上；如果你生病了，你最好替别人着想，推迟你的

旅行；为了降低你患病的几率，最好的方法就是洗手：如果你容易晕船，那就别忘记带上晕海宁。只有C

项“乘客可能是导致类似于诺沃克的病毒爆发的原因”与作者的观点符合，为正确答案。其他三项均与原

文不符。

ThatArcticseaiceisdisappearinghasbeenknownfordecades.Theunderlyingcauseisbelieved

byallbutahandfulofclimatologiststobeglobalwarmingbroughtaboutbygreenhouse-gas

emissions.Yettheratetheiceisvanishingconfusestheseclimatologists，models.Thesepredict

thatifthelevelofcarbondioxide,methaneandsoonintheatmospherecontinuestorise,then

theArcticOceanwillbefreeoffloatingsummericebytheendofthecentury.Atcurrentrates

ofshrinkage,bycontrast,thislookslikelytohappensometimebetween2020and2050.

ThereasonisthatArcticairiswarmingtwiceasfastastheatmosphereasawhole.Someofthe

causesofthisareunderstood,butsomearenot.Thedarknessoflandandwatercomparedwith

thereflectivenessofsnowandicemeansthatwhenthelattermelttorevealtheformer,thearea

exposedabsorbsmoreheatfromthesunandreflectslessofitbackintospace.Theresultis

afeedbackloopthataccelerateslocalwarming.Suchfeedback,though,doesnotcompletelyexplain

whatishappening.Hencethesearchforotherthingsthatmightassisttheice,srapid

disappearance.

Oneisphysicalchangeintheiceitself.Formerlyasolidmassthatmeltedandrefrozeatits

edges,itisnowthinner,morefractured,andsomoreliabletomelt.Butthatis(literallyand

figuratively)amarginaleffect.Fillingthegapbetweenmodelandrealitymayneedsomething

besidesthis.Thelatestcandidatesare^short-termclimateforcings”.Thesearepollutants,

particularlyozoneandsoot(alsocalled“blackcarbon")thatdonothangaroundintheatmosphere

ascarbondioxidedoes,buthavetoberenewedcontinuallyiftheyaretohavealastingeffect.

Iftheyaresorenewed,though,theirimpactmaybeasbigasCO2's.

Reducingsootwouldnotstopthesummerseaicedisappearing,butitmightdelaytheprocessby

adecadeortwo.AccordingtoarecentreportbytheUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgram,reducing

sootandozoneinthelowerpartoftheatmosphere,especiallyintheArcticcountriesofAmerica,

Canada,RussiaandScandinavia,couldcutwarmingintheArcticbytwo-thirdsoverthenextthree

decades.Indeed,thereportsuggests,ifsuchmeasures一preventingcropburningandforestfires,

cleaningupdieselenginesandwoodstoves,andsoon-wereadoptedeverywheretheycouldhalve

thewiderrateofwanningby2050.

TherapidmeltingoftheArcticseaice,then,illuminatesthedifficultyofmodelingthe

climate—butnotinawaythatbringsmuchcomforttothosewhohopethatfearsaboutthefuture

climatemightproveexaggerated.Whenrealityischangingfasterthantheorysuggestsitshould,

acertainamountofnervousnessisareasonableresponse.

(分数:20.00)

(1).WhichofthefollowingistrueofglobalwanningaccordingtoParagraph1?

A.Itiscausedmainlybycarbondioxideemissions.

B.MostclimatologistsattributeArcticseaicemeltingtoit.

C.Itdoesn,tdeveIopasclimatologists,mode1shavepredicted.

D.Arcticseaicewillsoondisappearunderitsimpact.(分数：4.00)

A.

B.V

C.

D.

解析：［解析］细节题。根据题干定位到第一段。该段第一句话指出几十年前人们就已经熟知北冰洋海冰正

在消融的事实，接下来第二句话指出除了少数气候学家外，几乎所有的气候学家都认为海冰消融是由全球

气候变暖造成的(theunderlyingcauseisbelievedbyanbutahandfulofclimatologiststobeglobal

warming),故B项“大多数气候学家将北极海水消融归因于全球气候变暖”与原文相符，为正确答案。

(2).AccordingtoParagraph2,thefeedbackloop

A.makesthewanningprocessinArcticareamuchfasterthanelsewhere.

B.resultsfromthedarklandandwaterinArcticarea.

C.causestheArcticseatoabsorbmoreheatfromthesun.

D.speedsuptherateofglobalwanningal1overtheworld.(分数：4.00)

A.

B.

C.J

D.

解析：［解析］细节题。根据题干定位到第二段。该段第三、四句具体解释了反馈循环，即与冰雪相比，颜

色较深的陆地与海水吸收的热量多。反射的热量少，因而冰雪融化后露出陆地和海洋会加速局部变暖，继

而再导致冰雪消融(thedarknessoflandandwater...absorbsmoreheatfromthesunandreflects

lessofitbackintospace)o由此推知，反馈循环就是海冰消融，露出颜色较深的陆地和海水，吸取更

多的太阳热量，加速海冰消融，故C项与原文相符，为正确答案。

(3).WhichofthefollowingistrueofthereasonsmentionedinParagraph3?

A.Thephysicalchangehappenedtoicemakesiteasiertomelt.

B.ThephysicalchangeoficeistheleadingcauseofArcticicemelting.

C.ThepollutantslikeozoneandsootarenotasinfluentialasC02.

D.Ozoneandsootcanexertaneffectaslong-lastingasC02does.(分数：4.00)

A.V

B.

C.

D.

解析：［解析］细节题。根据题干定位到第三段。该段第一句话承接第二段，指出北极海冰迅速消融的另一

个原因，即冰体本身的物理变化(physicalchangeintheiceitself)o第二句话指出先前冰体巨大而坚

固，只是在其边缘部分发生融化和再次冻结，现在冰层变薄变脆，因此更容易融化(nowIhinner,more

fractured,andsomore1iabletomelt),故A项符合文意，为正确答案。

(4).ThereportbytheUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramsuggeststhat

A.cuttingsootemissioncanpreventsummerseaicefrommelting.

B.everycountrycancontributetothealleviationofglobalwarming.

C.Arcticcountriesshouldnotdevelopheavyindustry.

D.wecanstopglobalwarmingbytakingeffectivemeasures.(分数：4.00)

A.

B.V

C.

D.

解析：［解析］推断题。根据题干关键词theUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgram定位到第四段。第二、

三句均是关于联合国环境规划署发布的一份报告的内容(arecentreportbytheUnitedNations

EnvironmentIVogram),该报告表明，如果避免农作物燃烧以及森林火灾，停止使用柴油发动机以及燃烧

木柴的炉具等做法能够在全球范围内被广泛应用的话，截至2050年，全球变暖的速度将减缓一半(ifsuch

measures...wereadoptedeverywheretheycouldhalvethewiderrateofwanningby2050)。也就

是说，每个国家都可以做出一些贡献来缓和全球气候变暖，故B项符合文意，为正确答案。

(5).Whichofthefollowingisthetextmainlyabout?

A.ThedifficultyofmodelingArcticseaicemelting.

B.Controlofsootemissionthroughouttheworld.

C.Human*sresponsibilityforglobalwarming.

D.ReasonsandfeasiblesolutionsforArcticseaicemelting.（分数：4.00）

A.

B.

C.

D.V

解析：［解析］主旨题。文章第一段指出几十年前，北极海冰融化的事实就已为人所熟知，但是冰体消融的

速度明显快于气候学家预测的速度。接下来第二、三段分析了北极海冰消融更快的两个原因。第四段提出

应对措施一一减少大气污染物的排放，减缓全球变暖的速度。最后一段指出，面对气候变化，适当的紧张

是很正常的反应。由此得知，本文主要分析了北极海冰融化速度变快的原因及其应对的有效措施，故D项

“北极海冰融化的原因及可行的应对措施”是对原文主旨的概括，为正确答案。

Givingpsychologiststheoptiontobecometrainedprescribersmaycreateadivisionamong

psychologistswherebysomewillbeabletoprescribeandotherswillnot.Asaresult,majordiscord

couldemerge.Itispossiblethatpsychologistswiththefighttoprescribemayconsiderthemselves

superiortothosewithouttheright.Ifgainingprescriptionprivilegeswou1dleadtobroader

thirdpartypaymentsorfullhospitalprivilegesforthosequalifiedtoprescribe,psychologists

unabletodosomayfeelthattheyhavebeenaccordedsecondclassstatusintheirprofession.

Thedebate,thusfar,hasfocusedonthetrainingnecessarytograntpsychologistsprescription

privileges.Althoughthismatterisimportant,ofmorebasicconcernaretreatmentimplications

andthefutureroleofpsychologists.Prescriptionprivilegescou1dmovepsychologistscloser

toamedicalmode1andfurtherawayfromtheirhistoricalgoal.Psychologybeganinthelate19th

centuryasanapplicationforpsychologicaltechniques.Itsfocushasbeenonassessment,

behavioralinterventions,Consuhation,andappliedresearch.Beforethewidespreaduseof

psychotropicmedications,psychiatryemphasizedthepracticeofpsychotherapy.Gradually,

psychiatrymovedtowardincreasedrelianceondrugsandawayfrompsychotherapy.Itispossible,

overtime,thatpsychologists,1ikepsychiatrists,couldbecomemoreinfluencedbytheuseof

medication.

Despitetheargumentthatprescriptionprivilegessignificantlymayaltertraditional

psychotherapeuticimplications,somepsychologistsstronglyfeelthattheywouldbelookedupon

morefavorably,gainprestige,andincreasetheircaseloadiftheycouldhavethesamestatus

ofprescribingmedicationaspsychiatristsdo.Doesthismeanthatalackofprescription

privilegespromotestheimageofpsychologyasaninferiorprofessiontopsychiatry?Contrary

tothisargumentisthefactthatpsychologistsaredeliveringmoreoutpatientmentalhealthcare

thananyothergroupofproviders.

Whateversomepsychologistsmayperceiveasatherapeuticdrawbackbecausetheyareunableto

offerprescriptionsfor