考研英语二（阅读）试卷13

考研英语二（阅读）-试卷13

（总分：60.00,做题时间：90分钟）

一、ReadingComprehension（总题数：6,分数：60.00）

1.SectionIIReadingComprehension（分数：10.00）

解析：

2.PartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextby

choosingA,B,CorD.（分数:10,00）

解析：

Almosteveryyearsincetheendofthefinancialcrisishasstartedwithrosyexpectations

amongAmericanforecasters,andthisoneisnodifferent.Stockmarketsarebuoyant,

consumerconfidenceisimproving,andeconomicseersareraisingtheirgrowthforecastsfor

2014.America'sS&P500shareindexisatarecordhigh,afterrising30%in2013—the

biggestannualgaininalmosttwodecades.PoweredbyAmerica,globalgrowthofcloseto

4%,onapurchasing-power-paritybasis,seemspossible.Thatwouldbenearlyafull

percentagepointfasterthan2013,andthebestshowingforseveralyears.Yetamidthenew-

yearcheer,itisworthrememberingthatalmosteveryyearsincethefinancialcrisisupbeat

expectationshavebeendisappointed.Thebiggestclangerthistimeroundistheoptimism

itself.Allaroundtherichworld,thingsarelookingbetter.Britain，zsrecoveryis

gatheringpace.Japan'seconomyseemsstrongenoughtocopewiththeimminentriseinits

consumptiontax.EvenEurope'sprospectsarelessdismal.ButAmericaisdrivingthis

recovery.Americansgrowthrestsonstrongfoundations.First,house-holdandcorporate

balance-sheetsareingoodshape.UnlikeEuropeans,whohavebarelyreducedtheirprivate

debt,Americanshaveputthehangoverfromthefinancialcrisisbehindthem.Therevivalin

housepricesistestamenttothat.Second,thankstocheapenergy,yearsofwagerestraint

andarelativelyweakdollar,Americaiscompetitive.Thesetwofactorshavecombinedto

producefasterjobgrowthwhich,alongwithhighershareprices,suggestsstrongerconsumer

spendingandhigherinvestmentahead.Finally,thefiscalsqueezeisabating.In2013the

federalgovernmenttook1.75%ofGDPoutoftheeconomywithtaxrisesandspendingcuts.

Therecentlyagreedbudgetdealwillhelpcutthefiscalsqueezeto0.5%ofGDPthisyear.

AllthesefactorscouldboostAmerica'sgrowthtoaround3%in2014,wellaboveitstrend

rate.MorespendingbyAmericanfirmsandhouseholdswill,inturn,buoydemandforgoods

andservicesfromeverywherefromChinatoGermany.America'sappetiteforforeignwaresis

notwhatitoncewas,butitseconomyissobigthatfasterspendingwillpushupexports

aroundtheglobe.Theresultingsupportforgrowthwill,inturn,improvedomestic

confidencefromEuropetoJapan.（分数：10.00）

（1）.Theunderlinedword"seers”（Para1,Line3）mostprobablymeans.（分数：2.00）

A.stockmarkets

B.consumers

C.forecastersV

D.expectations

解析：解析：该词所在句为：economicseersareraisingtheirgrowthforecastsfor2014.（经济

——提高了2014年的增长预测。）首先我们可以从句子背景猜测出seers一词应该表示“人”，故可以排

除［A］和［D］两项。剩余［B］“消费者”和［C］“预测家”,显然能与句子相融合的是选项［C］“预测家”。

（2）.UsuallypredictorsinAmericathinkthataftereconomiccrisis,.（分数：2.00）

A.theprospectsmayseemhopefulV

B.consumerswillsoonbecomeconfidentagain

C.theeconomywillsoonbecomebetterthanitoncewas

D.itmaytakealongtimefortheeconomytorecoveritself

解析：解析：题干中predictorsinAmerica相当于第一段第一句的Americanforecasters；usually相

当于almosteveryyear：aftereconomiccrisis相当于sincetheendofthefinancialcrisiso

故可以确定该题对应首段首句。该句为：Almosteveryyearsincetheendofthefinancialcrisis

hasstartedwithrosyexpectationsamongAmericanforecasters,andthisoneisno

different.（几乎每次经济危机之后的第一年，美国预测家便开始乐观的预期，这一次也是如此。）其中

最有困扰性的是rosy一词，其意思为“玫瑰般的，美好的，乐观的”，因此可以判断选项［A］为答案。其

中hopeful=rosy；prospects=expectations。其余各项均与首段首句的关键词rosyexpectations无

关。

（3）.Thebiggestthreatofthiseconomiccrisisisthat_____.（分数：2.00）

A.financialcrisisisdisappointing

B.manypeoplehavelosttheirjobs

C.economicrecoveryisslowinprogress

D.people,sexpectationsaretoooptimiSticJ

解析：解析：根据题干thebiggestthreatofthiseconomiccrisis我们可以定位到第二段末句：

Thebiggestdangerthistimeroundistheoptimismitself.其中，thebiggestthreat=the

biggestdangero故答案就是原文中提到的"optimismitself乐观本身”。四个选项中只有［D］提到

optimistic一词，故为答案。选项［A］具有一定干扰性。第二段第一句提到：almosteveryyearsince

thefi一nancialcrisisupbeatexpectationshavebeendisappointed.（几乎每一次经济危机之后,

乐观的预期结果总是令人失望。）原文说的是“预期令人失望”，而不是选项［A］说的“经济危机令人失

望”，该项是很明显的“偷换概念”。

（4）.AccordingtoParagraph3,whichoneisNOTtrue?（分数：2.00）

A.EconomyinBritainisbecomingbetter.

B.EconomyinEuropeisnotpromisingatall.J

C.Americaneconomyisonthewaytorecovery.

D.Japancantackletheproblemofconsumptiontax.

解析：解析：这种提问方式我们只能将四个选项逐一和原文进行比对。选项［A］EconomyinBritainis

becomingbetter相当于原文第三段第二句Britain'srecoveryisgatheringpace。故选项［A］是正确

的，与题干所间的NOTtrue不符，故不是答案。选项［B］EconomyinEuropeisnotpromisingatall

对应原文：EvenEurope*sprospectsarelessdismal.其中notpromisingatal1是否定表达，而

原文的less+dismal是双重否定表肯定，其中dismal表示“凄凉的，低落的”。故这两个表达是不吻合

的，该项表述错误，即为答案。选项［C］Americaneconomyisonthewaytorecovery意为：美国经济

正在复苏的路上。该项与该段最后一句ButAmericaisdrivingthisrecovei'y（美国很好地控制着经济

复苏）两个表达是吻合的，故该项也是正确的表述，即不是答案。选项［D］Japancantackletheproblem

ofconsumptiontax与原文Japan'seconomyseemsstrongenoughtocopewiththeimminentrise

initsconsumptiontax也是相符的。综上所述，选项［B］是答案。

（5）.Al1thefactorscanfaci1itateAmericansgrowthEXCEPTthat.（分数：2.00）

A.Americahasreduceditsfinancialrestraint

B.balancesheetsoffamiliesandfirmsareingoodcondition

C.Americahasinexpensiveenergysupplyandcompetitivecurrency

D.federalgovernmenthascutcostsbyincreasingtaxandcuttingspendingJ

解析:解析：题干AHthesefactorscanfaci1itateAmerica'sgrowth（所有这些因素可促进美国经

济增长）相当于第四段最后一句allthesefactorscouldboostAmerica'sgrowtho其中facilitate

相当于boost。而该段的thesefactors肯定指代上文提到的内容，故答案应该从这一句的前面找。而在

该段可以明显地看到first,second,finally等词，故可以判断出现了三个因素。原文的First,

house-holdandcorporatebalance—sheetsareingoodshape与选项［B］balancesheetsof

familiesandfirmsareingoodcondition相对应。其中house——holdandcorporatebalance——

sheets相当于balancesheetsoffamiliesandfirms；ingoodshape相当于ingoodcondition。原

文Second,thankstocheapenergy,yearsofwagerestraintandarelativelyweakdollar,

Americaiscompetitive对应选项[C]Americahasinexpensiveenergysupplyandcompetitive

currencyo其中cheapenergy相当于inexpensiveen—ergysupply；relativelyweak

dollar,…competitive相当于competitivecurrency（有竞争力的货币）。原文Finally,thefiscal

squeezeisabating相当于选项[A]Americahasreduceditsfinancialrestraint：其中，fiscal

squeeze（财政压缩）=financialrestraint（财务限制），abating（减少）=reduced（减少）。故未提及的是

[D],即[D]为答案。该项中只有一个词是与原文不符的，即cutcosts减少开支，这与下文提到的cut

thefiscalsqueeze减少财政压缩（即增加财政支出）明显是相反的，故确定选项[D]为答案。

Thenewaircraftrepresentsa$250mbetbyBombardierthatMexicocouldprovidenotjust

routinelabourbutmanufacturingthatdependedonhigh-techmaterials.Itplacedthebet,

accordingtoMichaelMcAdoo,headofglobalstrategy,becauseitwasseeingoldEuropean

rivalsgobustandnewonesemerginginlow-costcountriessuchasChinaandIndia.Workers

inWichitaandMontrealcomplained.ButMrMcAdoosaystheycametorealisethatif

outsourcingsomemanufacturingtoMexicoensuredBombardier'sfuture,itwouldsafeguard

theirownjobsforyearstocome.Asharedconcernwithemploymentisoneofthereasons

thatpoliticiansarestartingtopaymoreattentiontoNAFTA（NorthAmericanFreeTrade

Agreement）,whichinrecentyearshasbeenfailingtoliveuptoitsearlypromise.

Rebootingtheagreementtopstheagendaatthemeetingoftheleadersofthethreecountries

scheduledtotakeplaceinMexicothisFebruary."There'sajointwillingnessamongall

threecountriestorelaunchtheideaofNorthAmerica,notjustintermsofmanufacturing,

butininnovationanddesign,“saysSergioAlcocer,under-secretaryforNorthAmericain

Mexico'sforeignministry.InMay2013BarackObama-whoin2007,onthecampaigntrail,

calledNAFTAa“mistake”—trumpetedcross-bordertradeonavisittoMexico,notingthat

theUnitedStatesexportsmoretoMexicothantotheBRICcountries—Brazi1,Russia,India

andChina—combined.OnavisitinSeptemberhisvice-president,JoeBiden,dweltonNAFTA”s

untappedpotential.Thetradeagreementwasbeginningtolookoutofdate.Thereneededto

befreermovementof“goods,peopleandinformation//acrosstheborders,despitesecurity

worries.Moresharedinfrastructureinvestmentwasnecessary.Heacknowledgedthat

politicianshadheldupsuchimprovements:"Makeusdoit,“heurgedbusinesspeopleand

thepublic.IntheUnitedStates,thepotentialofcloserintegrationhasbeenoutweighed-

atleastintheeyesofpoliticians一bythefearofjoblosses,aswel1asi1legaldrugs,

crimeandimmigrationfromMexico.Canada,however,longagostartedseeingMexicoasa

rivalinitsrelationshipwiththeUnitedStates,ratherthanapartner.Mexico,inwhich

almosthalfofthepopulationlivesinpoverty,muchthesamelevelas20yearsago,has

mixedfeelings.（分数：10.00）

（1）.Theunderlinedword"safeguard”（Para1,Line6）mostprobablymeans.（分数：2.00）

A.prevent

B.protectJ

C.hinder

D.convince

解析：解析：词义题的答案一般来自上下文，需要在上文或者下文中寻找相同词性的近义词，与

safeguard位理上最接近的一个动词是上文ensuredBombardier'sfuture中的“ensure确保，保证，使

安全”，故可以确定safeguard与其意思接近。而四个选项中,[A]prevent"阻止"与[C]hinder”阻

碍”互为同义词，可以先排除。剩余两个选项中，与ensure或safeguard接近的是[B]protect,故为答

案。

（2）.AccordingtoParagraph2,whichoneistrueaboutNAFTA?（分数：2.00）

A.PoliticiansalwayspaymuchattentiontoNAFTA.

B.NAFTAhasreacheditsoriginalanticipationinrecentyears.

C.OneaimthatpoliticiansstressNAFTAistoboostemployment.J

D.AllcountriesexceptMexicowishtoreboottheideaofNorthAmerica.

解析：解析：选项［A］对应原文第二段第一句politiciansarestartingtopaymoreattentionto

NAF一TA,其中选项中的always与原文的arestartinglo明显不符，故该项错误。选项［B］对应原文

的•••NAFTA,whichinrecentyearshasbeenfailingtoliveuptoitsearlypromise.其中

“failingtoliveupto没有做到”与该项的“hasreached已经达到”相悖，故错误。选项［C］对应A

sharedconcernwithemploymentisoneofthereasonsthatpoliticiansarestartingtopay

moreattentiontoNAFTA（政客开始注重NAFFA,原因之一是因为他们共同关注就业问题）。这与［C］项

“政客重视NAFTA的目的之一在于促进就业”的表述一致，故该项为答案。［D］选项对应第二段最后一

句，其中allcountriesexceptMexico是原文未提到的，故该项错误。

（3）.AccordingtoParagraph3,whichoneisNOTtrue?（分数:2.00）

A.AmericaexportsmoretoMexicothantoChina.

B.Theremaybesecurityconcernsacrosstheborders.

C.AmericangovernmentnowvaluesmuchonthetradewithMexico.

D.Statesmenhavegreatlyimprovedconstructionsacrosstheborders.J

解析：解析：选项［A］对应第三段第二行：theUnitedStatesexportsmoretoMexicothanto

theBRICcountriesBrazil,Russia,IndiaandChinacombined.根据这句话我们知道该项是正确的,

非题干所问的NOTtrue对应的答案。选项［B］对应Thereneededtobefreermovementof"goods,

peopleandinformation“acrosstheborders,despitesecurityworries一句。其中

despitesecurityworries意为“尽管存在安全问题”，说明该项表述也是正确的，故不是答案。选项

［C］对应该段首句：InMay2013BarackObama—whoin2007,onthecampaigntraiI,calledNAFTA

a"mistake“一trumpetedcross-bordertradeonavisittoMexico.（2013年5月，巴拉克•奥巴

马在访问墨西哥时倡导跨国贸易。而在2007年竞选游说过程中，他称北美自由贸易协定是一个“错

误”。）通过这句话我们知道该项说“美国政府如今更重视与墨西哥的贸易”是正确的。选项［D］对应最后

一句：Heacknowledgedthatpoliticianshadheldupsuchimprovements.其中“heldup阻碍”与

该项的“greallyimproved大大促进”完全相反，故该项是错误的。

（4）.Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthat.（分数：2.00）

A.CanadaseesMexicoandUnitedStatesasitscompetitors

B.NAFTAbringsonlybenefitstoallthreeNorthAmericancountries

C.AmericanpoliticianshaveanticipatedconcernsaftercloserintegrationJ

D.MexicansfeeloptimisticabouttheirfuturewhentheyintegratewiththeU.S

解析：解析：选项［A］对应第四段第三行：Canada,however,longagostartedseeingMexicoasa

ri一valinitsrelationshipwiththeUnitedStates,ratherthanapartner.可见加拿大是把墨

西哥看作了对手，而不是该项说的把墨西哥和美国当作竞争对手。该项中MexicoandUnitedStates一

处与原文不符，故错误。选项［B］对应第一句，尽管第四段未提到NAFTA一词，但我们知道该段提到的美

国、加拿大和墨西哥都是北美国家，而该项说NAFTA为北美三个国家带来的只有好处，这与该句提到的

thefearofjoblosses,illegaldrugs,crimeandimmigrationfromMexico完全相悖，故该项错

误。选项［C］同样对应第一句，意思为：美国政治家预测到了北美国家紧密结合后可能出现的问题，这与

原文提到的fearofjoblosses等内容相符合，故该项正确。选项［D］对应最后•句：Mexico,inwhich

almosthalfofthepopulationlivesinpoverty,muchthesamelevelas20yearsago,has

mixedfeelings.其中“mixedfeelings复杂的情感”与该项的feeloptimistic不符合，故该项错

误。

（5）.Thetextmainlydiscussesabout.（分数：2.00）

A.rebootingofNAFTAanditsconcernsV

B.employmentinNorthAmericancountries

C.contributionsofNorthAmericancountries

D.relationshipamongNorthAmericancountries

解析：解析：文章第一段通过讨论墨西哥的劳动力引出北美国家就业问题，引出第二段首句的NAFTA,第

二句的rebootingtheagreement等关键信息，文章后面三段讨论的都是关于重新后动NAFTA以及可能面

对的问题。其中第二段的sharedconcern,第三段的mistake,securityworries,第四段的byfear

of等信息都体现了问题的存在，故［A］选项最能体现文章大意。

ItisafactuniversallyacceptedthatBritonsdislikeimmigration.Sureenough,whentravel

restrictionsonRomaniansandBulgarians(imposedwhentheircountriesjoinedtheEU)were

liftedonJanuary1st,newspapersandpoliticiansfretted.TwoMPseventookitupon

themselvestomeetamorningflightfromBucharestandquizitspassengers.Yetareport

publishedonJanuary2ndbyIp-sosMORI,apollingfirm,showsattitudestobemorevaried.

Awideninggapdividesthosebornbefore1965fromyoungerfolk.Althoughimmigrantsare

oftensaidtodepriveyoungerBritonsofentry-leveljobsandhousing,membersofGeneration

Y(bornin1980orlater)andGenerationX(bornbetween1966and1979)areambivalenttowards

them.Bycontrast,thebabyboomers(bornbetween1945and1965)andtheold,whobenefitmost

fromcheapcarersandcleaners,counterintuitivelythinkimmigrantsadrag.Ageinfluences

opinionmorestronglythansocialclassdoes.ThismakesBritainanoddity.IpsosMORI

conductedthesamestudyinGermany,andfoundtheviewsoftheyoungandtheoldtobe

converging.AccordingtoRobertFordoftheUniversityofManchester,thegapbetweenthe

oldandtheyoungislargerinBritainthaninAmerica,FranceorSpain,too.Differentlife

experiencesexplainwhy.Whenbabyboomerswereintheirpoliticallyformativeteensand

early20s,Britainwasaprettyhomogeneousplace;beforethemid-1970sitwasclosertothe

CommonwealththantocontinentalEurope.Thatgenerationgrewupdoubtfulaboutdiversity.

EastEuropeanimmigrants,whobeganarrivinginlargenumbersinthemid-2000s,doubly

offendthem.BobbyDuffyofIpsosMORI,whohasconductedfocusgroupswithmembersofthis

generation,reportsthattheprospectofretirementmakespeopleworryabouttheir

children'schances.ForGenerationX,massimmigration,Europeanintegrationand

multiculturalismarepartofthefurniture.TheygrewupinamoreindividualisticBritain;

which,saysMrFord,explainstheirrelativedistasteforauthority,homogeneityandflag­

waving.This,likeuniversityattendance(morecommonamongthisgroupthantheirparents),

tendstomakepeoplemoretolerantofdifferentracesandnationalities.ThusGenerationX”s

experiencesareclosertothoseofGenerationYthantothebabyboomers-afactreflected

inIpsosMORI*sfindings.(分数：10.00)

(1).WecaninferfromParagraph1that.(分数：2.00)

A.theU.K.hasstricttravelrestrictionsV

B.al1Britonssupporttravelrestrictions

C.mostpeop1e1iketravel1ingtoBritain

D.mostdevelopedcountriesdislikeimmigration

解析：解析：根据第一段第二句：Sureenough,whentravelrestrictionsonRomaniansand

Bulgarians…我们知道选项［A］的表述是正确的。选项［B］文章中未提及，只是在首句提到：

Britonsdislikeimmigration.(英国人不喜欢移民。)并没有提到英国人是否支持旅游限制，故该项错

误。选项［C］和［D］无中生有。故答案为选项［A］。

(2).Whichgenerationseemstodislikeimmigrantsmost?(分数：2.00)

A.Theyoungergeneration.

B.GenerationY.

C.GenerationX.

D.Babyboomers.J

解析：解析：根据generation,immigrants等关键词以及出题顺序可以定位到第二段。该段第二句提

至I］：AlthoughimmigrantsareoftensaidtodepriveyoungerBritonsofentry-leveljobsand

hous—ing…，虽提及youngerBritons(即［A］项的youngergeneration),但并未提到他们对移民的看

法，故选项［A］不是正确答案。而后半句说：membersofGenerationY(bornin1980or

later)andGenerationX(bornbetween1966and1979)areambivalenttowardsthem.通过这句话我们

知道Y--代和X-代对于移民的态度是“ambivalent矛盾的“，也非题目间的dislikemost,故非答

案。该段倒数第二句提到：Bycontrast,thebabyboomers(bornbetween1945and1965)and

theold,whobenefitmostfromcheapcarersandcleaners,counterintuitivelythinkimmigrants

adrag.从中可以得知婴儿潮这代人认为移民是“drag累赘”，故这个群体是所有人中最不喜欢移民的

人,从而得出该题答案为选项［D］。

(3).RobertFordfoundthat_.(分数：2.00)

A.theviewsoftheyoungandtheoldareconverginginGermany

B.generationgapislargerintheUK,comparedwithmanyothersV

C.Britainseemstobeuniquebecausepeoplehavedifferentviews

D.thegapbetweentheoldandtheyounginGermanyislargerthaninBritain

解析：解析：根据题干中的RobertFord定位到第三段第二行的AccordingtoRobertFord一处，故答

案来自之后的一句话，即该段最后一句：thegapbetweentheoldandtheyoungislarger

inBritainthaninAmerica,FranceorSpain,too.根据该句可以判断出选项［B］与之是同义替换关

系，其余选项都非该题目所问答案。

(4).WhichoneisNOTtrueaboutbabyboomers?(分数：2.00)

A.Theyaredubiousaboutdiversity.

B.TheyhateimmigrantsfromEasternEurope.

C.Theyworryabouttheirownprospectwhentheyretire.V

D.Theyareconcernedabouttheirchildren'sopportunities.

解析：解析：根据babyboomers和出题顺序定位到第四段，该段围绕婴儿潮这一代人进行讨论。选项［A］

与该段第三句Thatgenerationgrewupdoubtfulaboutdiversity对应。其中Ihatgeneralion指代

上文提到的babyboomers,doubtful对应该项的dubious,故选项［A］表述正确,非答案。选项［B］对应

该段uEastEuropeanimmigrants,whobeganarrivinginlargenumbersinthemid2000s,doubly

offendthem”这句话。其中doublyoffendthem(加倍冒犯了他们)相当于该项的hate,故该项表述正

确，非答案。选项［C］和［D］对应该段最后一句I...reportsthattheprospectofretirementmakes

peopleworryabouttheirchildren'schances.可见babyboomers担心的是自己子孙的问题，而非

自身问题，故［D］正确，［C］错误，即［C］项为该题的答案。

(5).GenerationXseemstobemoretolerantofdifferentracesandnationalities

because.(分数：2.00)

A.theygrewupinanenvironmentthatfocusedmoreonindividualsJ

B.theybarelyreceivehighereducationthantheirparents

C.theyaremoreopen-mindedthantheirparents

D.theydon'tcareaboutflagandnationality

解析：解析：根据题干中的GenerationX定位到最后--段。根据题干中的其余关键词differentraces

andnationalities我们可以定位到该段的倒数第二句:This…tendstomakepeoplemoretolerant

ofdifferentracesandnationalities.由此可以知道答案就是This所指代的内容，而该内容必然在

This之前。因此我们应该从前面寻找答案。This前面是这句话：Theygrewupina

moreindividualisticBritain；which,saysMrFord,explainstheirrelativedistastefor

authority,homoge一neityandflag一waving.其中能表示该题所问的原因的部分，是theygrewup

inamoreindividualisticBritain一句。而该句同义转换的表达，即选项［A］。

Ofallthegoodsandservicestradedinthemarketeconomy,pharmaceuticalsareperhapsthe

mostcontentious.Thoughproducedbyprivatecompanies,theyconstituteapublicgood,both

becausetheycanpreventepidemicsandbecausehealthypeoplefunctionbetterasmembersof

societythansickonesdo.Theycarryamoralweightthatmostprivatelytradedgoodsdo

not,forthereisawidespreadbeliefthatpeoplehavearighttohealthcare.Innovation

accountsformostofthecostofproduction,sothepriceofdrugsismuchhigherthantheir

costofmanufacture,makingthemunaffordabletomanypoorpeople.Firmsprotectthe

intellectualproperty(IP)thatdrugsrepresentandsuethosewhotrytomanufactureandsell

patenteddrugscheaply.Foral1thesereasons,pharmaceuticalcompaniesarewidelyregarded

asvampireswhoexploitthesickandignorethesufferingsofthepoor.Thesecriticisms

reachedasummitmorethanadecadeagoatthepeakoftheHIVplague.WhenSouthAfrica's

governmentsoughttolegalisetheimportofcheapgenericcopiesofpatentedAIDSdrugs,

pharmaceuticalcompaniestookittocourt.Thecaseearnedthenickname“BigPharmav

NelsonMandela”.Itwasalowpointfortheindustry,whichwiselybackeddown.Now

argumentsoverdrugspricingarerisingagain.Activistsaresuingtoblockthepatentingin

IndiaofanewHepatitisCdrugthathasjustbeenapprovedbyAmericanregulators.Other

clashesarebreakingout,incountriesfromBraziltoBritain.Butthemainbattlefieldis

theTrans-PacificPartnership（TPP）,aproposedtradedealbetweencountriesinAsiaandthe

Americas.Thepartieshaveyettoreachanagreement,partlybecauseofthedrug-pricing

question.UndertheTradeRelatedAspectsofIntellectualPropertyRights,adealsignedin

1994,governmentscanallowagenericdrugmakertoproduceapatentedmedicine.America一

homeofmostoftheworld^sbigpharma,whoseconsumerspaytheworld^shighestpricesfor

drugs—wantstousetheTPPtorestrictsuchcompulsorylicencestoinfectiousdiseases,

whileemerging-marketcountrieswanttomakeitharderfordrugfirmstowinpatents.The

reoccurrenceofconflictoverdrugpricingistheresultnotofasuddenemergency,butof

broad,long-termchanges.Richcountrieswanttoslashhealthcosts.Inemergingmarkets,

peoplearelivinglongerandgettingrich-countrydiseases.Thisisboostingdemandfor

drugsforcancer,diabetesandotherchronicdiseases.Inemergingmarkets,governmentswant

toexpandaccesstotreatment,butdrugsalreadyaccountforalargeshareofhealth-care

spending.Meanwhile,awaveofinnovationisproducingexpensivenewtreatments.（分数：

10.00）

（1）.Pharmaceuticalsareimportantbecause.（分数：2.00）

A.theycarryamoralweight

B.theycanpreventandcurediseasesV

C.theycanreflectacountry'seconomy

D.theywillmakesocietyfunctionbetter

解析:解析：根据pharmaceuticals一词定位到第一段。该段首句提到:pharmaceuticalsareper—

hapsthemostcontentious.（药品也许是最受争议的。）显然这与该题题干中important一词不符，而

我们从后面会找到这么一句：theyconstituteapublicgood.其中they指代上文中的phar一

maceuticals,“publicgood公共利益”与题干中的“important重要的”比较接近，故该题答案来自之

后的一句becausetheycanpreventepidemics,其中Ihey指代pharmaceuticals,epidemics=dis-

eases,故我们确定［B］项为答案。选项［A］虽然在原文中有提到，但答非所问。选项［C］在该段原文中未提

到，属于无中生有。而选项［［）］意为：药品使社会更好地运行,原文说healthypeoplefunctionbetter

asmembersofsociety（健康人作为社会一员能更好行使其职能），可见两者表达并不一致，故选项［D］错

误。

（2）.Thepriceofdrugsishighmainlybecause.（分数：2.00）

A.thecostofmanufacture