2025年高考英语复习应用文写作与读后续写精讲精练应用文技巧2：词汇的选择与锤炼(解析版)

词汇的选择与锤炼

1.替换常用简单词(短语)

(1)名词(短语)变换

机会chance→opportunity

选择choice→alternative

课程course→curriculum

影响effect→influence/impact

后果result→consequence

缺点shortcoming→drawback

方法way→approach

职业job→career/profession

建议advice→guidance

问题problem→issue

老人oldpeople→theelderly/theaged/seniorcitizens

youngpeople

青少年

→youngsters/youths/adolescents

几天前afewdaysago→theotherday

(2)动词(短语)变换

看见see→catchsightof

遇见meet→comeacross

喜欢like→haveapassionfor/befondof/haveanaffectionfor

引起cause→leadto/resultin/giveriseto

拥有have→possess

提高develop/improve→promote

替代replace→substitute

注意到notice→spot

完成finish→accomplish

面对face→befacedwith/beconfrontedwith

容忍bear→tolerate/putupwith

处理dealwith→copewith

使某人makesb.realize→raisesb.’s

意识到awarenessof

决定decide→determine/makeupone’smind

考虑consider→takeintoconsideration/account

应该should→besupposedto

理解understand→makesenseof/figureout

使用use→employ/makeuseof/takeadvantageof

道歉apologize→makeanapology

记住remember→keepinmind

发生happen→occur/comeabout

想起thinkof→occurto/comeupwith

感谢thank→appreciate

帮助某人helpsb.→dosb.afavor

节省save→setaside

参观visit→payavisitto

分发handout→distribute

站起来standup→risetoone’sfeet

由……组成bemadeupof→consistof/becomposedof

习惯于beusedto→beaccustomedto

一定besuretodo→beboundtodo

反对beagainst→objectto

厌烦beboredwith→befedupwith

忙于bebusywith→beoccupiedwith/beengagedin

闻名befamousfor→haveareputationfor

感到舒服feelcomfortable→feelatease

美化校园maketheschoolbeautiful→beautifytheschool

想做某事wanttodosth.→intend/desiretodosth.

照看lookafter→attendto

尽力做

tryone’sbesttodosth.→sparenoefforttodosth.

某事

向某人

asksb.forhelp→turntosb.forhelp

寻求帮助

(3)形容词变换

令人惊

surprising→amazing/astonishing/shocking

奇的

贫穷的poor→needy/poverty-stricken

优秀的excellent→outstanding

明显的obvious→apparent/evident

常见的common→universal

充足的enough→adequate

勤奋的hard-working→diligent

可用的useable→available

困难的difficult→challenging

坚强的strong→tough

重要的important→significant/vital

不可能的impossible→outofthequestion

有趣的;

有吸引interesting→absorbing/striking/appealing

力的

小心谨

careful→cautious

慎的

幸运的lucky→fortunate

巨大的large→enormous

合适的proper→appropriate

丰富的rich→abundant

古老的old→ancient

唯一的only→unique

全部的whole→entire

富裕的rich→wealthy

许多的many→alargequantity/numberof

有空的free→available

有益处的useful→beofbenefit

高兴的glad→delighted

激动的excited→thrilled

坏的bad→disgusting/awful

著名的famous→distinguished/well-known

(4)其他词(组)变换

突然suddenly→allofasudden

立即immediately→inaflash

有时sometimes→occasionally/onceinawhile/fromtimetotime

另外;

besides→inaddition/what’smore/moreover

况且

因此so→therefore

第一;

first→tobeginwith/startwith/firstofall

首先

第二;

second→inaddition/what’smore

其次

最终finally→eventually/ultimately

关于about→concerning

也too→aswell

否则or→otherwise

事实上infact→asamatteroffact

故意地onpurpose→bydesign/deliberately

总之inaword→tosumup/inconclusion/insummary

因为becauseof→onaccountof/dueto/owingto/thanksto

【典型例句】

①Ontheonehand,toomuchpraisemightleadtochildren’slackofenthusiasmtoexplorenew

things(缺乏探索新事物的热情),fortheyareafraidtheywon’tmeetparents’expectations(满足

父母的期望).

②Consideringtheenormousbenefits(考虑到巨大的益处),whichwecanearnsteadilyfrom

tennispractice,includingpreventingusfromgettingshort-sighted(防止我们近视)andhelping

uskeepphysicallyhealthy,wearelostinthetrainingcourse.

【拓展训练】

①Thespecialdayallowspeopletoshowtheirloveandaffectionfor(对……表达爱和情感)

theirfathers.

②It’sadvisable/wise(是明智的)forpeopletousetheircellphonesmore

appropriately/properly(更恰当地).

③Withoutsufficientpreparation(没有充分的准备),youcanhardlyexpecttoanswerallthe

questionscorrectlyandobtainsatisfactorymarks,letalonebeadmittedintoadesirable

university(梦想的大学).

④TracysaidshehadalreadyinformedSusanof(通知苏珊)thechangeoftheappointment.

⑤PeoplegenerallythoughtitimpossiblefortheChineseteamtowinthechampionshipintheRio

OlympicGames,buttheyovercamemanyhurdles(克服许多障碍)andeventuallyworked

miracles/wonders(最终创造了奇迹).

⑥DramaNightisscheduledto(预定)beheldontheeveningofnextFridayinthetheatrehall.

⑦Additionally(此外),havingbeenawardedscholarshiptwiceinourschool,Ihaveexcellent

academicperformance(极好的学术成就).

⑧Thisphenomenonhasbecomeaconcern/focus(成为焦点)wemustfacetodaybecauseof

manyseriousconsequences(许多严重后果)causedbyimproperuseofcellphones.

2.变化所用词的词性

在作文中,可以通过改变一个词的词性,使文章富有变化,让阅卷者感受到考生对词汇

各种用法的掌握水平和灵活运用的程度。常见的变化词性的策略有名词变动词、动词变名词、

形容词变名词等。

(1)名词变动词

Peopleareconcernedaboutthegradualdisappearanceofthetraditionalvalues.

→Peopleareconcernedbecausethetraditionalvaluesaregraduallydisappearing.

传统价值观正在渐渐地消亡,这让人们很担忧。

(2)动词变名词

Afterwatchinghisperformance,Ifoundhecouldreallydanceverywell.

→Afterwatchinghisperformance,Ifoundhimareallygooddancer.

看了他的表演之后,我发现他跳舞跳得很棒。

(3)形容词变名词

IwrotealettertoTomtothankhimforhisbeingsokind.

→IwrotealettertoTomtothankhimforhiskindness.

我写信给汤姆对他的善良表示感谢。

3.善用短语

汉语高级短语

努力strugglefor=strivefor=sparenoeffortfor

从事embarkon=setabout=goinfor

在当代incontemporarysociety=inpresent-daysociety=inthisdayandage

大量的ahostof=agreatnumberof=alargeamountof

更糟糕

what’sworse=worsestill=tomakemattersworse

的是

遇见;

runinto=comeacross=meetwith

偶遇

在我

inmyopinion=asfarasI’mconcerned=frommypointofview

看来

除了……

之外inadditionto=apartfrom=aswellas=alongwith

(还有)

一方面,

ontheonehand,ontheotherhand=foronething,foranother

另一方面

高度评价thinkhighlyof=singhighpraisefor=thinkwellof

把……oconsideration=oaccount

考虑在内

汉语高级短语

有资格的;

有能力的;befitfor=beequalto=bequalifiedfor=becompetentin

胜任的

参加takepartin/participatein

一些如何

someadvice/tips/suggestionsonhowto...

……的建议

对……

feelnervous/anxiousabout

感到紧张

克服紧张;ease/overcome/getover

缓解焦虑nervousness/relieveanxiety

树立信心;

对自己buildupconfidence/haveconfidenceinoneself/beconfidentaboutoneself

有信心

对……beofbenefit

有益的=bebeneficialto

对……有害的;

doharmto/dodamageto

对……有

=beharmfulto

损害的

接触到;gain/haveaccessto

有机会使用=beaccessibleto

对某人beconvenient/inconvenientforsb.=bringconvenience/

(不)方便的inconveniencetosb.

对……有

haveaneffect/influence/impacton.../makeadifferenceto...

影响/作用

【典型例句】

①Forexample,paper-cuttingandChineseknotsareallfeasiblemethodsofintroducingour

culture,whicharealsomoreconvenienttoorganize(更方便组织).

②ThereasonswhyIamqualifiedforthejob(我能胜任这份工作的原因)areasfollows.

【拓展训练】

①Frommypointofview(我认为),it’struethatcellphonesbringuslotsofbenefitsand

convenience,butonlywhenthey’reusedmoreappropriately(恰当地)cantheyserveusbetter.

②Allmyteachersandclassmatessinghighpraiseformyproficiency(高度赞扬我的熟练)in

bothChineseandEnglish.

③Takingallyourrequirementsintoaccount/consideration(考虑到你的全部要求),Ifirmly

believeI’mtherightpersonyou’relookingfor.

④Asforaccommodation,IprefertolivewithalocalfamilybecauseIwanttoimprovemy

EnglishandexperienceauthenticAmericanculturecloseup(近距离体验真实的美国文化).

⑤Youareoptimisticaboutlifeandalwayshaveconfidence,whateverdifficultyyoumay

encounter(遇见),whichhelpsyoustandoutamongtheclassmates.

⑥Withtheimprovementofpeople’slivingstandards(随着人们生活水平的提高),cellphones

arefloodingintoourlife.

⑦Wearesorryforanyinconveniencethatwe’llbringtoyou(我们给你带来的不便).Thanksfor

yourunderstanding.

⑧Nowadays,thesmartphoneshavefoundtheirwaytoeveryfamilyandareplayingavery

importantroleinourlife.Theyarebeneficialtousinmanyways.However,theyalsodoharmto

usphysicallyandmentally(有害于我们的身心健康).

⑨Inaddition,seldomdoIhavetimetokeepmyparentscompany,soIdecidetohelpmyparents

withsomehouseworktorelease/ease/lessen/reducetheirpressure(缓解他们的压力),whichI

thinkisofbenefittoenhancingtherelationship(加强关系)betweenmyfamilymembers.

【语篇填空】

根据所给信息补全短文,并注意高级词汇的使用。

DearPeter,

Iamexceedinglydelighted(我非常高兴)tohearfromyou.Youaskedmeinyourlastletter

aboutthephysicalexerciseinourschoolandthefollowinginformationmaygiveyouasketch(给

你一个概述).

Tobeginwith,afabulousnewstadiumhasbeenbuiltup(一座很大的新体育馆已落成),

whichhasbecomethenewlandmark(已成为新的地标)inourschool.Moreover,withthe

stadiumsetup,awiderangeofsportsevents(各种体育项目)areabletobeheld,ofwhich

ping-pong,footballaswellas(以及)runningcompetitionsenjoygreatpopularity(很受欢迎).As

forme,I’mintoxicatedwithbasketball(我热爱篮球)sinceithasbeengivingmestrengthto

confrontthechallengesinmylife(去迎接生活中的挑战).

Allinall,Isincerelyinvite(诚挚地邀请)youtocometoourschoolandseeforyourself.

Yours,

LiHua

【综合演练】

1．假定你是李华，你的美国笔友Tom在给你的邮件中说他对中国历史人物很感兴趣，请你

介绍一位你喜欢并且崇拜的历史人物。请给Tom回信，内容要点包括：

1.介绍人物；

2.简述贡献；

3.对你的影响。

注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；

2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。

DearTom,

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

Yours,

LiHua

2．假定你是李华，你校英语话剧社拟举办英语话剧展演活动，请你写一篇开幕辞，内容包

括：

1.表示欢迎；

2.活动介绍。

注意：

1.写作词数应为80个左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Dearteachersandfellowstudents,

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

3．假定你是某国际学校学生会主席，你校将于下周举行一场英文讲座。请你写一则英文通

知，内容包括：

1.讲座主题：TheWorldWildlifeDay；

2.时间、地点及讲座内容。

注意：1.词数为80左右；

2.请按如下格式作答。

Notice

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_

TheStudentCouncil

March,1

4．假设你是李华，请你写一篇短文向校英语社团“LearningEnglish”的微信公众号投稿，向

同学们推荐一款兼顾趣味与英语学习的app。内容包括：

1.介绍这款app；

2.分享使用体验。

注意：

1.词数80左右；

2.可适当增加细节，使内容充实，行文连贯。

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

5．假定你是李华，给你班交换生Frank发邮件，想邀请Frank一起晨跑。请你根据以下要

点提示，给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：

1.表明来意；

2.晨跑的重要性；

3.注意事项。

注意：写作词数应为80左右。

DearFrank,

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

Bestregards,

LiHua

6．假定你是李华，你在英语阅读过程中时常对一些习语感到困惑。请给外教Mr.Smith写

封邮件，内容包括：

1.你的困惑；

2.寻求帮助。

注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

DearMr.Smith,

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

Yours,

LiHua

参考答案

1．DearTom,

It’sgreattohearfromyou.Knowingthatyou’reinterestedinfamousfiguresinChinese

history,Iamverygladtosharewithyoumyfavouriteone.

TalkingofmyfavouritefigureinChinesehistory,Ican’thelpthinkingofQuYuan,agreat

patrioticpoetwithLisaoashismasterpiece.Inhonourofhim,theDragonBoatFestivalwasborn.

WheneverIreadhispoems,Iamlostinthought.Hisspiritencouragesmetolovemycountryand

trysomethingnew.

Ifyou’reinterestedinhim,I’llfindhisworkforyou.Lookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.

Yours,

LiHua

【写作分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给Tom回信，介绍一位喜欢并且崇拜的

历史人物。

【要点分析】1.词汇积累

为纪念：inhonourof→inmemoryof

感兴趣：beinterestedin→takeinterestin

高兴：glad→delighted

想起：thinkof→recall

2.句式拓展

简单句变复合句

原句：TalkingofmyfavouritefigureinChinesehistory,Ican’thelpthinkingofQuYuan,agreat

patrioticpoetwithLisaoashismasterpiece.

拓展句：TalkingofmyfavouritefigureinChinesehistory,Ican’thelpthinkingofQuYuan,who

wasagreatpatrioticpoetwithLisaoashismasterpiece.

[高分句型1]Ifyou’reinterestedinhim,I’llfindhisworkforyou.(运用了if引导条件状语从句)

[高分句型2]WheneverIreadhispoems,Iamlostinthought.(运用了whenever引导让步状语

从句)

2．Dearteachersandfellowstudents,

Iamdeeplyhonoredtowelcomeyoualltoourschool’sEnglishDramaSociety’sannual

showcase.

Thiseventisacelebrationofourcreativity,hardwork,andpassionfortheEnglish

languageandtheater.Tonight,wewillbetreatedtoaseriesofcompellingperformances,each

reflectingtheuniquevisionandtalentofourmembers.

Wehopeyouenjoytheshowandareinspiredbythestoriesandcharactersbroughttolife

onourstage.

【写作分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生为你校英语话剧社拟举办英语话剧展演活

动写一篇开幕辞。

【要点分析】1.词汇积累

荣幸：honored→privileged

精彩的：compelling→splendid

喜爱：enjoy→befondof

热情：passion→enthusiasm

2.句式拓展

简单句变复合句

原句：Tonight,wewillbetreatedtoaseriesofcompellingperformances,eachreflectingthe

uniquevisionandtalentofourmembers.

拓展句：Tonight,wewillbetreatedtoaseriesofcompellingperformances,whichreflectsthe

uniquevisionandtalentofourmembers.

[高分句型1]Tonight,wewillbetreatedtoaseriesofcompellingperformances,eachreflecting

theuniquevisionandtalentofourmembers.(运用了独立主格结构)

[高分句型2]Wehopeyouenjoytheshowandareinspiredbythestoriesandcharactersbrought

tolifeonourstage.(运用了省去that的宾语从句和过去分词作定语)

3．Notice

Nextweek,ourschoolwillholdanEnglishlectureonTheWorldWildlifeDay.

Thelecturewillbegivenfrom8a.m.to10a.m.intheschoolauditoriumonSunday.The

contentofthelecturewillincludethesignificanceofthedayandwaystoprotectwildlife.Besides,

therewillbeaquestion-and-answersessionwhereyoucanputforwardyourwaystoprotectethe

wildlife.Ibelievethatafterthelecture,youwillgetthechancetoknowhowyoucandoindaily

lifetoprotectwildlife.

Everyonewhoisinterestedinthelectureiswelcometoattend.

TheStudentCouncil

March,1

【写作分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生就你校将于下周将举行的一场英文讲座写

一则英文通知。

【要点分析】1.词汇积累

举办：hold→host

重要性：significance→importance

此外：besides→inaddition

提出：putforward→comeupwith

2.句式拓展

合并简单句

原句：Thelecturewillbegivenfrom8a.m.to10a.m.intheschoolauditoriumonSunday.The

contentofthelecturewillincludethesignificanceofthedayandwaystoprotectwildlife.

拓展句：Thelecturewillbegivenfrom8a.m.to10a.m.intheschoolauditoriumonSunday,the

contentofwhichwillincludethesignificanceofthedayandwaystoprotectwildlife.

【高分句型1】Besides,therewillbeaquestion-and-answersessionwhereyoucanputupwith

yourwaystoprotectethewildlife.(运用了where引导的限制性定语从句)

【高分句型2】Ibelievethatafterthelecture,youwillgetthechancetoknowhowyoucandoin

dailylifetoprotectwildlife.(运用了that引导的宾语从句和how引导的宾语从句)

4．

“Duolingo”isanexcellentappthatcombinesfunandeffectiveEnglishlearningmethods.It

offersawiderangeofinteractivelessons,rangingfromvocabularyexercises,quizzestospeaking

andlisteningtasks.What’sworthmentioningisthatitusesgame-likeelementstomakelearning

moreengagingandenjoyable.

AfterusingDuolingoforawhile,IfinditissuchanincrediblyusefultoolthatI’mwilling

tosaylearningEnglishhasbecomeanindispensablepartofmylife.Withvarietiesofexercises

andtheuser-friendlyinterface,notonlydoesitmakemylearningexperiencepleasurableand

productivebutalsoitdeepensmyinsightintoEnglishlearning.

Ifyou’restrugglingtofindausefultoolforEnglishlearning,Duolingoisdefinitelywortha

try.I’mfirmlyconvincedthatyou’llloveitasmuchasIdo.

【写作分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一篇短文向校英语社团“LearningEnglish”

的微信公众号投稿，向同学们推荐一款兼顾趣味与英语学习的app。

【要点分析】1.词汇积累

杰出的：excellent→outstanding

提供：offer→provide

非常地：incredibly→remarkably

各种各样的：varietiesof→adiversityof

2.句式拓展

简单句变复合句

原句：Itoffersawiderangeofinteractivelessons,rangingfromvocabularyexercises,quizzesto

speakingandlisteningtasks.

拓展句：Itoffersawiderangeofinteractivelessons,whichrangefromvocabularyexercises,

quizzestospeakingandlisteningtasks.

【高分句型1】“Duolingo”isanexcellentappthatcombinesfunandeffectiveEnglishlearning

methods.(运用了that引导的定语从句)

【高分句型2】What’sworthmentioningisthatitusesgame-likeelementstomakelearningmore

engagingandenjoyable.(运用了that引导的表语从句和what引导的主语从句)

【高分句型3】Withvarietiesofexercisesandtheuser-friendlyinterface,notonlydoesitmake

mylearningexperiencepleasurableandproductivebutalsoitdeepensmyinsightintoEnglish

learning.(运用了部分倒装)

5．DearFrank,

Howareyoudoing?I’mwritingtoinviteyoutogoforamorningrunwithme,whichmay

benefitbothofusinanamazingway.

WhenIwasinjuniorhighschool,Ioftengotsickduetolackofexercise.SoIpickedup

runninginthemorning.Sincethen,runninghasplayedanimportantroleinmylife,without

whichIwouldn’thavebuiltstrongbody.Ithinkitisagoodwaytokeepfit.That’swhyIwantto

inviteyoutojoinme.Beforerunning,itisnecessarytohavesomepreparationexercises,suchas

pressinglegsandswingingarms.What’smore,makesureappropriateshoesandclothingare

worn.

Ihop