结构工程施工安全技术ConstructionSafetyT

《结构工程施工安全技术》ConstructionSafetyTechnologyofStructuralEngineering第一节

砌筑工程施工安全技术

Section1.ConstructionSafetyTechnologyof

MasonryEngineering一、砌筑工程的安全与防护措施

1.Safetyandprotectionmeasuresformasonryengineering1.施工人员进入现场必须戴安全帽，堆放砖石材料离开坑边1m以上，砌墙高度超过地坪1.2m以上时，要搭设脚手架。架上堆放材料不得超过规定荷载，堆砖高度不得超过三皮侧砖，同一块脚手板上的操作人员不应超过2人。按规定搭设安全网。（1）Constructorsshallwearsafetyhelmetsbeforeenteringthesite.Masonrymaterialsshallbestackedover1meterawayfromthepit.Scaffoldingisneededwhenthewallis1.2metershigherthantheterrace.Thestackedmaterialsontherackshallnotexceedthespecifiedload.Theheightofstackedbricksshallnotexceed3-layerbricks.Onlynomorethan2operatorscanstandonthesamescaffoldboard.Safetynetsshallbesetupaccordingtotheregulations.2.不准站在墙顶上做画线、刮缝及清扫墙面等工作（2）Doinglinedrawing,scrapingrakedjoints,cleaningthewallsstandingandotherworksonthetopofwallsarenotallowed.3.砍砖时应面向墙面，正在砌筑的墙上不准走人（3）Whencuttingbricks,constructionpersonnelsshallfacethewall.Walkingonthemasonrywallsisnotallowed.4.对有部分破裂和脱落危险的砌块，严禁起吊（4）Itisstrictlyprohibitedtoliftsomeblocksthatareindangerofbreakingupandfallingoff.二、砂浆拌和机安全技术要点2.Technicalkeypointsforthesafetyofmortarmixer1.砂浆机底座应平整稳固，开关箱离操作位置不大于3m（1）Thebaseofmortarmachineshallbeflatandstable,andtheswitchboxshallbelessthan3metersawayfromoperationposition.2.砂浆出料应用圆盘式，不得使用倒顺开关（2）Mortardischargeshallbeindisctypeandreversingswitchisnotallowed.3.砂浆机在运转工程中，不得用手、脚、木棒、铁铲等伸进搅拌筒在筒边沿口清理灰浆或扒料，防止拌叶撞击伤人（3）Whenthemortarmachineisinoperation,usinghands,feet,stick,shovelandothertoolstoreachintothemixingtanktocleanthemortarorscrapingmaterialalongtheedgeofthetankincasepeoplegothurtbythemixerimpellers.第一节

砌筑工程施工安全技术

Section1.ConstructionSafetyTechnologyof

MasonryEngineering三、脚手架工程施工的安全技术

3.Constructionsafetytechnologyofscaffoldingengineering1.脚手架搭设要求(1)Requirementsofscaffoldingerection（1）脚手架斜道外侧和上料平台应该设置高1m的安全栏杆和高18cm的挡脚板或挂防护立网，并随施工高度升高而升高Theoutsideofthescaffoldrampandthefeedingplatformshallbeequippedwith1-meterhighsafetyrailingand18-centimeterhightoeboardorhangingprotectivenet,whichwouldrisealongwiththeconstructionheight.（2）脚手板的铺设要铺满，铺平和铺稳，不得有悬挑板Thelayingofthescaffoldboardshouldbefull,flatandstable,andthereshallbenocantileverboards.（3）在脚手架的搭设过程中，要及时设置连墙杆、剪刀撑及必要的拉绳与吊索，防止搭设过程中脚手架发生变形、倾倒Duringtheprocessofscaffoldingerection,wallrods,scissorsbridgesandnecessarypullingropesandslingsshallbeinstalledintimeincasethescaffoldinggetsoutofshapeortopples.第一节

砌筑工程施工安全技术

Section1.ConstructionSafetyTechnologyof

MasonryEngineering2.脚手架防电、防雷要求(2)Electricpreventionandlightningprotectionrequirementsforscaffolding（1）脚手架与电压为1-20kV的架空输电线路的距离不应小于2m。

Thedistancebetweenthescaffoldingandtheoverheadtransmissionlinewithavoltagebetween1kVto20kVshallnotbelessthan2meters.（2）施工照明通过钢脚手架时，应使用12V以下的低压电源。Whenthelightingforconstructionpassesthroughthesteelscaffolding,thelow-voltagepowersupplyunder12voltsshallbeutilized.第一节

砌筑工程施工安全技术

Section1.ConstructionSafetyTechnologyof

MasonryEngineering3.保证高处坠落人员安全软着陆(3)Ensuresafesoftlandingforpeoplefallingfromaheight（1）首层网：离地面3-5m处设立的第一道安全网，当施工高度在6层以下或总高≤18m时，平网伸出作业层外边缘宽度3-5m；当施工高度≥18m时，平网伸出宽度＞5mThefirstlayeroftheprotectivenet:thefirstsetofsafetynetinstalled3metersto5metersfromtheground.whentheconstructionheightisbelow6floorsor18meters,thewidthoftheouteredgeshallbebetween3metersto5meters.Whentheconstructionheightover18meters,thewidthoftheouteredgeshallbeover5meters.（2）随层网：当作业层在首层网以上超过3m时，随作业层设置的安全网称为随层网Thefollow-floornet:aprotectivenetsetbyfollowingtheoperationfloorwhentheoperationfloorisover3metersabovethefirstlayeroftheprotectivenet.（3）层间网：对房屋层数较多时，施工作业已离地面较高时，尚需每隔3-4层设置一道层间网，外挑宽度2.5-3mTheinterfloornet:ainter-floornetisneededevery3to4floorswithaouterwidthbetween2.5metersto3meterswhenthereareplentyoffloorsinabuilding.第一节

砌筑工程施工安全技术

Section1.ConstructionSafetyTechnologyof

MasonryEngineering一、钢筋加工安全技术

1.Constructionsafetytechnologyofsteelbarprocessing1.外作业应设置机棚，机旁应有堆放原料、半成品的场地(1)Ashedshallbesetupforoutsideoperations,anthereshallbesufficientspaceforrawmaterialsandsemi-finishedproducts.2.绑扎主柱、墙体钢筋，不得站在钢筋前架上操作和攀登骨架上下，柱筋在4m以上时，应搭设工作台，柱、墙梁、骨架应用临时支撑拉牢，以防倾倒(2)Standingonthefrontframeofthesteelbartoboundthemaincolumnandsteelbarsforthewallsisnowallowed.Whenthecolumnreinforcementisabove4meters,aworkbenchshallbesetup,andcolumns,wallbeams,skeletonsshallbepulledfirmlywithtemporarysupporttopreventfromtoppling.第二节钢筋混凝土结构工程施工安全技术

Section2.ConstructionSafetyTechnologyofReinforcedConcreteStructureEngineering

二、模板施工安全技术

2.Constructionsafetytechnologyofformwork1.模板安装前进行全面技术交底，采用爬模、飞模及隧道模等特殊模板施工时，所有参加作业人员必须经过培训考核合格方可上岗(1)Acomprehensivetechnicaldisclosureshallbecarriedoutbeforeformworkinstallation.Alloperatorsmustpassthetrainingandassessmentprogrambeforetheconstructionwithjumpingformwork,platformformworkandtunnelformwork.2.模板及其支架在安装过程中，必须设置有效防倾覆的临时固定措施(2)Temporaryfixingmeasuresisneededforeffectivepreventionfromoverturningduringtheinstallationofformworkanditssupport.3.现浇钢筋混凝土梁（板）的跨度大于4m时，横板应起拱。当设计无要求时，起拱高度为全跨长度的1/1000-3/1000(3)Thehorizontalplateshallbearchedwhenthespanofcast-in-placereinforcedconcretebeam(orplate)isover4meters.Thearchingheightshallbearound1/1000to3/1000ofthefullspanlengthwhenitisnotprescribedbythedesign.第二节钢筋混凝土结构工程施工安全技术

Section2.ConstructionSafetyTechnologyofReinforcedConcreteStructureEngineering

4.层间高度大于5m时，应选用桁架支模或钢管立柱支模；当层间高度小于等于5m，可采用木立柱支模(4)Trusssupportformworkorsteelpipecolumnsupportformworkareneededwhentheinter-floorheightisover5meters.Whentheheightisnomorethan5meters,awoodencolumnformworkshallbeutilized.5.安装高度2m以上的竖向模板，不得站在下层模板上拼装上层模板(5)Standingonthelowerlayeroftheformworktoassembleupperlayerisnotallowedduringtheinstallationofverticalformworkwithaheightover2meters.6.在距地面200mm高处立柱低，沿纵横水平方向应按纵下横上的程序设扫地杆(6)Theinstallationofthesweepthefloorbarshallfollowthe“verticalisbelowhorizontal”rulealongverticalandhorizontaldirectionunderthebottomofthecolumnthatis200millimetersabovetheground.7.当模板安装高度超过3m时，必须搭设脚手架，脚手架下不得站操作人员以外的其他人员(7)Ascaffoldingmustbeerectedwhentheinstallationheightoftheformworkexceeds3metersandnootherpersonnelsshallstandunderthescaffoldingexceptoperators.第二节钢筋混凝土结构工程施工安全技术

Section2.ConstructionSafetyTechnologyofReinforcedConcreteStructureEngineering

8.吊运大块或整体模板时，竖向吊运不应少于2个吊点；水平吊运不应少于4个吊点(8)Theliftingpointsofverticalliftingshallbenolessthan2andthatofthehorizontalliftingshallbenolessthan4liftingpointswhenlargepiecesorthewholeformworkisbeinglifted.9.遇5级及以上大风时，要停止一切吊运作业(9)Allliftingoperationsshallbestoppedwhenencounteringalevel5windgaleorabove.10.木料应堆放在下风向，离火源不得小于30m，且料场四周要设置灭火器材(10)Thewoodmaterialsshallbestackedinthedownwinddirectionwithnolessthan30metersawayfromfire,andfirefightingequipmentshallbeplacedaroundthematerialyard.第二节钢筋混凝土结构工程施工安全技术

Section2.ConstructionSafetyTechnologyofReinforcedConcreteStructureEngineering

三、混凝土施工安全技术

3.Constructionsafetytechnologyofconcrete1.遇大雨或5级大风及以上时，必须停止泵送作业(1)Thepumpingoperationmustbestoppedwhenencounteringheavyrainorlevel5windgaleorabove.2.振捣器不得放在初凝的混凝土、地板、脚手架、道路和干硬地面上进行试振(2)Thevibratorshallnotbeplacedontheinitialsetofconcrete,floor,scaffolding,roadsanddryandhardgroundforvibrationtest.3.电动机导线应保持足够的长度和松度(3)Motorwireshallbekeptinsufficientlengthandlooseness.4.一个构件上同时使用几台附着式振捣器工作时，所有振捣器的频率必须相同，操作人员必须戴绝缘手套(4)Whenoperatingwithseveralattachedvibratorsononecomponent,allvibratorsmustbesetatasamefrequency,andtheoperatormustwearinsulatinggloves.5.离地面2m以上浇捣过梁、雨棚等，不准站在搭头上操作(5)Thecastingandvibrationoflintelandcanopyshallbecarriedoutontheheightof2metersabovetheground,andstandingonthetopofthelapisnotallowed.第二节钢筋混凝土结构工程施工安全技术

Section2.ConstructionSafetyTechnologyofReinforcedConcreteStructureEngineering

第三节

结构安装工程施工安全技术

Section3.ConstructionSafetyTechnologyofStructuralInstallationEngineering一、常用锁具与吊具使用安全技术要求

1.Safetytechnicalrequirementsofgenerallocksandliftingslings1.麻绳：强度低，起吊500kg以下的物件(1)Hemprope:lowstrength,liftingobjectsunder500kilograms.2.钢丝绳：采用交互捻，在卷筒上缠绕时，要逐圈紧密排列整齐，或设置排绳装置，不应错叠或离缝(2)Steelwirerope:twistedindifferentdirection;whenbeingwoundonthereel,wiresshallbearrangedcompactlyroundbyround,orarrangedwithropeguidedevice.Misfoldingorleavingaopenseamisnotallowed.3.卡环：卡环是起重作用中应用得比较广泛且灵便的栓连工具(3)Shackle:awidelyused,convenientandflexiblebolttoolinliftingoperation.4.吊钩(4)Liftinghook（1）表面光洁，不能有剥裂、锐角、刻痕、接缝、裂纹等缺陷Thesurfaceshallbesmoothandcleanwithoutpeeling,sharpparts,scratches,joints,cracksandotherdefects（2）当起重机械的吊钩有下列情况之一时，及应更换：Theliftinghookofhoistingmachineryshallbereplacedwhenithasanyofthefollowingconditions:1）危险断面及钩劲有永久变形，扭转变形超过10°Therearedangeroussectionsandthehookstrengthhaspermanentdeformationswithtorsionaldeformationover10°.2）表面有裂纹、破口，开口度比原尺寸增加15%Therearecracksandcrevassesonthesurfaceopeningmorethan15%comparedwiththeoriginalsize.3）吊钩衬套磨损超过原厚度的50%，心轴磨损超过其直径的3%-5%Theabrasionoftheliftinghookbushismorethan50%oftheoriginalthickness,andtheabrasionofthearborexceeds3%to5%ofitsdiameter.4）挂绳处断面磨损超过原高度的10%Theabrasionofthefracturesurfaceinthehangingropeexceeds10%oftheoriginalheight.第三节

结构