衡阳市十校2017届高三第三次冲刺预测英语试题含答案

全卷满分150分考试时间120分钟★祝考试顺利★注意事项：1、答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上。2、作答时，将答案写在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。3、考试结束后，本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。第I卷（共100分）第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatdoesthewomanwanttodonow?A.HaveacupofcoffeeB.GetupearlyC.Gohome2.Howmuchwillthemanpayforthetickets?A.￡15B.￡22.5C.￡453.HowdoesthewomanfeelaboutTom’sgettingthejob?A.PleasedB.PuzzledC.Disappointed4.Howlongisthesupermarketopenonweekends?A.ElevenhoursB.TwelvehoursC.Thirteenhours5.Whatseasonisitmostlikelynow?A.SpringB.SummerC.Autumn第二节

(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whenwilltheexamtakeplace?A.InthreedaysB.InaweekC.Infivedays7.WhatdoweknowaboutthemanA.HeisworriedabouttheexamB.HeissureofpassingtheexamC.Hewillaskofthewomanforhelp听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Howdoesthemanfeelrightnow?A.DelightedB.CuriousC.Nervous9.What’sthewoman’sadvicefortheman?A.HeshouldgetupearlyforworkB.HemustshowhecanworkwellwithothersC.Heshouldlearntosharehisthingswithothers听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.WhatdidHenryprobablydolastnight?A.HebroughtsomeofhisfriendshomeB.HewentonatripwithhisfriendsC.Hestayedathisfriend’shome11.WhathashappenedtoHenry’sdadrecently?A.HehasjustlosthisjobB.SomethingiswrongwithhisbodyC.Hehasmetwithatrafficaccident12.WhatdoesthewomanaskHenrytodo?A.SendforadoctorforhisdadB.GiveuphisplanforapartyC.Nottotellhisdadabouthisillness听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Wherewillthewomango?A.ThetrainstationB.DiamondHotelC.Thebeach14.Howlongwillthewomanstayinthecityfromnowon?A.AfortnightB.ThreeweeksC.Fourweeks15.Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodonexttime?A.SendhimamessageB.CallataxicompanyC.Reportanincidenttoataxicompany16.Howmuchisthetaxifare?A.About3dollarsB.About4dollarsC.About6dollars听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Howwastheweatherwhenthefirehappened?A.ItwascloudyB.ItwasrainyC.Itwaswindy18.Wheredidthespeakerescapefrom?A.ThewindowB.TheentranceC.Thebackdoor19.Whatdoweknowaboutthefireaccident?A.OneoftheguestswaskilledinthefireB.ThefirespreadtotherestofthehotelC.Theroomwherethepartywasheldwasdestroyed20.Whatcausedthefire?A.BurningcigarettesB.LightningC.Fireworks第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。ASinceAbbiHickmanwasjustalittlegirl,shehasbeensurroundedbyanimals.Chickens,cats,adog,rabbits,andsometimesgoatsarejustsomeoftheanimalsshecaresfor.Attheageof9,AbbiwenttotheTracyAnimalShelter,inherhometownofTracy,California,toadoptSheldon,herfavoritecat.There,shesawthepoorconditionsthattheanimalswerekeptin.Abbiknewthatitwasherdutytotakeaction.Pins(识别号码)forPetsisAbbi’ssolution.Forthelastthreeyears,shehasorganizedabowlingtournamenttoraisefundsfortheTracyAnimalCenter.Shehasraisedmorethan$30,000,resultinginabetterhomefortheanimals.“Nowtheshelterisnicerandcleanerandanimalshavemorespace.Itisfarbetter,ahundredpercentbetter,”Abbisays.TocommendAbbiforheroutstandingefforts,theAmericanSocietyforthePreventionofCrueltytoAnimals(ASPCA)namedherthe2015ASPCATommyP.MonahanKidoftheYear.Thisawardisgiventokidswhomakeasubstantialefforttohelpanimals.Abbirespondedtothenewsofherwinwithshock.“Iwasprettyexcited.I'mreallyhonoredtoreceiveit,”shesays.Sacrificingtimeandefforttoassistanimalscansometimesbedifficult,butAbbihopestodomore.“Ijusthopethatevenmorepeoplecomeandmynon-profitbecomesbigger.Iwanttospreadmyfreeservicestomoreshelters.Ireallyjusthopepeoplearekindertoanimalsandrespectthemmore,”saysAbbi,sharinghergoalsforherorganization.Bytheageof12,Abbihasalreadyaccomplishedsomuch.Theadviceshehasforkidslikeher,whowanttoaccomplishtheirgoals,is,“Nothingisimpossible.Youcandoanythingyouputyourmindto.Evenifitissomethingsmall,itcanmakeahugedifference.”Abbi’sworkhasimprovedthelivesofanimals,andsheplanstokeepcomingupwithnewwaystohelpthem.21.WhydidAbbigototheTracyAnimalShelterwhenshewas9yearsold?A.TohelptakecareoftheanimalslivingthereB.ToadoptacatcalledSheldonshelikedbestC.TofindouttheconditionsanimalsliveditD.Tolearnsomeknowledgeaboutsomeanimals22.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeAbbi?A.CautiousandloyalB.NarrowmindedandimaginativeC.CaringandsympatheticD.Stubbornandcourageous23.HowdoesAbbicollectmoneyfortheTracyAnimalCenter?A.ByaskingsomeenterprisestodonatemoneyB.BygivingsomeperformancesandshowsC.BysettingupawebsitetopromoteherideaD.Byorganizingabowlingtournament24.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.AbbiwillkeepusingthesamewayraisemoneyandhelptheanimalsB.AbbisfinditishardsacrificingtimeandefforttoassistanimalssometimesC.AbbiwantstomakeagreatercontributiontoimprovingthelivesofanimalsD.AbbireallyjustexpectsthatpeoplearekindertoanimalsandrespectthemmoreBDoyouwanttotraveltotheNewEnglandAquarium(水族馆)andexperienceit?IfyouareanAquariumsuperfan,Ibelieveyoumustbeinterestedinsomeinformationbelow.AnimalencounterProgramsDiveintothewaterwithaseal.StandontopofthefourstoreyGiantOceanTanktofeedtheanimals.Gobehindthescenesofyourfavoriteexhibits.Whetheryouhaveanunquenchable(无法遏制的)curiosityaboutoceanicanimalsoryouwantabrandnewobservationonpopularexhibits,fascinatingAnimalEncounterprogramsaredesignedfortheAquariumsuperfans.CallCentralReservationsat617-973-5206tobookyourprogram.DailyPerformancesDon’tmissadayinthelifeoftheNewEnglandAquarium.Besuretocatchourdailyevents,whichincludepenguinfeedings,sealtrainingsessions,divesintheGiantOceanTankandliveanimalperformances.Ourdailyschedulewilltellyouwhenandwheretowatchyourfavoriteprogram.Allprogramsareincludedwithadmission.SpecialProgramsJoinusforfamilyactivitiesattheAquarium,whereweexploretheblueplanetmostdaysthroughart,animalsandotheractivities.WefocusononeanimaleverymonthwithBlueDiscoveriesFamilyDay,fromoctopuses(章鱼)towhales.Theseactivitiesareincludedwithadmission.Forafee,schoolsandotherqualifyinggroupscanalsochooseExplorerClassesforkidsandspecial3-Dshowings.VirtualToursandVideosBeforesteppingfootintheAquarium,exploresomeofourspecialexhibitsandlearnwhattoexpect.CheckouttheFieldTripOrientationvideobeforearrivingwithyourgroup.TheHowtoBeaSharkandRay(鳐鱼)Whisperervideogivesspecialinstructionsonhowtobestexperienceoursharkandraytouchtank.TheBlueImpactvirtualtourhighlightssomeofourexhibitsasitexplainstheimpactofclimatechangeonoceansaroundtheworld.25.Whatdoesthepassagetellus?A.Visitorscan’tseewhalesintheaquariumB.TheNewEnglandAquariumhasfourstoreysC.VisitorscandiveintheGiantOceanTankintheaquariumD.QualifyinggroupscanchooseExplorerClassesforadultsintheaquarium26.Whatdovisitorshavetopayextramoneyfor?A.PenguinfeedingsB.SealtrainingsessionsC.Special3-DshowingsD.TheBlueImpactvirtualtour27.WhydoestheAquariumsetupVirtualToursandVideos?A.TohelpvisitorsbestexperiencetheAquariumB.TodrawattentiontoclimatechangeonoceansC.TosellvideodisksoftheAquariumtothevisitorsD.TogiveinstructionsonhowtoprotectoceanicanimalsCWhat’smoreexcitingthanhavingafreshhotpizzadeliveredtoyourdoor?Howabouthavingitbroughttoyoubyarobot?ThankstoDomino’sRoboticUnitorDRU,thatjustbecameareality!OnMarch8,thethree-feettallrobotdelivereditsfirstpizzatosomeluckyresidentsinBrisbane,Australia.ThefullyautonomousDRUistheresultofacooperationbetweenDomino’sPizzaAustraliaand

SydneybasedstartupMarathonRobotics.The450-poundmachinethattravelsatamaximumspeedof12.4milesanhourcancrossadistanceofupto12milesandback,beforerequiringabatteryrecharge.LIDAR,alaser-basedsensortechnologysimilartotheoneusedinself-drivingcars,enablesDRUtodetectandavoidobstacles,whiletraditionalsensors,muchlikethoseusedinvacuumrobotsensureitspathissafeasitheadstoitsdestination.Therobotcanfituptotenpizzasandevenhasaseparatecoldareatoaccommodatedrinkorders.EquippedwithbothGoogleMapsandGPSguidance,DRUcannavigatebikepathsandsidewalksandalsofindthemostefficientwaytoitsdestination.Sincetherobotdoesnothavetodealwithroadtraffic,itcouldpotentiallymakedeliveriesalotquickerthanhumans.Toaccesstheirfood,customershavetoentertheuniquecodeprovidedtothembythecompany.Thisnotonlyensuresthattheypickuptherightpizza,butalsopreventsthepiesfromgettingstolenenroute.ThoughDomino’shasthusfarbuiltjustasingleprototype(样机),theyexpectadditionalDRUtobereadyforserviceintheirvariousQueenslandlocationswithinthenextsixmonths.Butdon’texpectthesesupercuterobotstoreplacehumansanytimesoon.AccordingtoDomino’stheDRUstillneedsextensivetesting,whichthecompanybelievescouldtakeuptotwoyears.Andthenthereisalsotheproblemofregulations.Thepublicuseofautonomousvehiclesisstillbannedinmostcountries.ButDonMeij,theCEOandManagingDirectorofDomino’sPizzaAustraliaNewZealandLtd,isnotworried.OnedayDRUwillbecomeanintegralpartoftheDomino’sfamily."Weforonecannotwait!28.Thefirstparagraphismainlyusedto__________.A.commentB.praiseC.introduceD.conclude29.HowcanDRUdetectandavoidobstacles?A.BynavigatingbikepathsandsidewalksB.Byusingalaser-basedsensortechnologyC.BybeingequippedwithbothGoogleMapsandGPS-guidanceD.Byusingtraditionalsensors,muchlikethoseusedinvacuumrobots30.WhatmustacustomerdotogetthefooddeliveredbyDRU?A.He/SheshouldpresstheirfingeronafingerprintscannerB.He/Sheshouldlettherobotrecognizehis/herfaceC.He/SheshouldscantheQR(quickresponse)codeontherobotD.He/Sheshouldenteracodsuppliedbythecompany31.WhatcanweknowfromthelasttwoparagraphsA.TheDRUrequirestobetestedfurtherB.Domino’shasbuiltafewkindsofsucharobotC.DonMeijistheCEOofSydneybasedstartupMarathonRoboticsD.ThepublicuseofautonomousvehiclesisallowedinmostpartsofAustraliaDBEIJING---Abullying(欺凌)incidentataprimaryschoolinBeijingshouldnotbebushedoffas“ajokethatwenttoofar”;rather,facesshouldbedugoutandactionshouldbetakentopreventsimilareventsfromhappeningoncampusagain,accordingtoexperts.HuangZifang,apsychologistspecializinginchildren'sgrowthissues,saidschoolsshouldbecarefulabouttakingbullyingincidentsasmerepranks(恶作剧)."Instead,theyshouldworktofindouttherootcauseoftheincidentinatimelymanner,guidethechildreninvolvedtofaceandhandletheincidentinacorrectwayandteachthemtobehaveproperlytoavoid-similarsituations,"Huangsaid.ShemadethecommentsafteramotherinBeijingpostedadescriptiononlineonThursdayofhowher10-year-oldsonwasbulliedatZhongguancunNo2PrimarySchool,atopschoolinHaidiandistrict.Themotherwrotethatherfourth-gradesonwasthetargetofbullieswhothrewatoiletwastepaperbasketathim,strikinghiminthehead.Theboywasalsomockedbyhisclassmates,shesaid,bringingonacutestressdisorder---amentalillnesstriggeredbysevereanxiety.Themotheralsowrotethattheschooldescribedtheincidentas"ajokethatwenttoofar"andthattheparentsoftheboywhothrewthebasketbelievedtheirsonwas"justbeingnaughty".Thearticlewentviral,withmanyinternetusersrecallingbeingbulliedatschool.ShenXua,avolunteerfromBeijingwhohastraveledthecountryforseveralyearstoworkwithschoolstoreducebullying,saidschoolsshouldtakeresponsibilityforsuchincidentsandtrytomakethebulliesunderstandthattheirbehavioris"viciousandharmful"and"notallowed"."Inthelongrun,areportingsystemshouldbeestablishedtorootoutbullyingoncampus.Studentsshouldbegivenspecificchannelstoreportwhattheyexperiencetoteachersbeforefurthermeasuresaretakentodealwithincidents,"Shensaid.Huang,thepsychologist,saidthatschoolsandparentsmustpaymoreattentiontotheethical(道德的)developmentandmentalhealthofchildren,ratherthanjustlookingattheiracademicperformance.OnSaturday,ZhongguancunNo2PrimarySchoolreleasedastatementonitssocialmediaaccountsayingthatithadtalkedtotheparentsonbothsidesandwouldmakefurthereffortstoachieveanoutcomesatisfactorytoallparties.32.WhatdoesShenXuastressaccordingtothepassage?A.AreportingsystemshouldbesetuptorootoutbullyingoncampusB.Schoolsshouldpaymoreattentiontochildren’sacademicperformanceC.parentsshouldmakethebulliesunderstandtheirbehaviorisharmfulD.Policeshouldbeofteninvolvedindealingwithbullingincidentsatschools33.HowdidtheschoolinBeijingrespondtothebullyingincidentaccordingtoPara.6?A.Theydidn’ttakeitseriouslyB.TheyblamedthebulliesquicklyC.TheyreportedittothepolicestationatonceD.Theycalledtheparentsonbothsidesimmediately34.Whatisthepossiblemeaningoftheunderlinedword“mocked”inPara.5?A.TaughttheskillsforanactivityB.LaughedatinanunfriendlywayC.MadehealthyagainafteranillnessD.Inspiredtodosomethingneworunusual35.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthenewsreport?A.Trytocareaboutchildren’sethicaldevelopmentB.Howa10-year-oldchildwasbulliedoncampusC.MentalhealthofchildrenshouldbepaidattentiontoD.Schoolbullyingmustnotbetreatedasajoke第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Inthebusinessofday-to-daylife,weoftenforgettostopandbegratefulforthepresentmoment.36Ithasmanymentalandphysicalbenefits.Ifyouwanttoworkonbeingmoregrateful,tryshiftingyourfocusthroughouttheday.Workonpracticingmindfulness,whichcanhelpyouappreciatethepresentmoment.Youshouldalsofindabalance,allowingyourselftofeelgrateful.37Mindfulnessisalsoaboutpayingattentiontoyourbreath.Breathingisavitalbodilyfunctionthatweoftendonotnoticethroughouttheday.Startmakingaconsciousefforttofocusonyourownbreathing.Breathingisanaturalprocessthatfollowsacertainrhythm.Therefore,whenourmindswanderandstressfulthoughtsoccur,focusingonthebreathcanhelpusstaycalm.38.Findacomfortableplacetosit.39Thinkofthreeorfourphrasesthatsumupyourcoredesires.Forexample,youmightcomeupwithsomethinglike,“MayIbehappyinmypursuits.MayIhavegoodhealth.mayIbecalmandpatientthroughouttheday.”Saythisprayerforyourself.40Directittowardssomeoneyouarethankfulforinyourlife.Forexample,“Maymymotherbehappyinherpursuits.Maymymotherhavegoodhealth,etc.”A.Focusonthebreath.B.Then,directitoutwards.C.Asaresult,wefeelregretfullaterD.However,beinggratefulisimportantE.FindanumberofthingsthatcanmotivateyouF.CloseyoureyesandimagineyourwishforyourlifeG.Itcanalsoallowustoreturntothepresentmomentandappreciateit第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。WhenGarvisonflewfromChicagotoAtlantaearlierthisweekwithababyinherarms,shesawtheunhappylooksofherseatmates.“Assoonaswegotontheplaneat5:30a.m.,itwasveryquietanditwasafull41,”GarvisonwroteinaFacebook42,“Inoticedthatthetwoseatsnexttomewere43andthiscouplelookedannoyedandIcouldtellbytheirbody44thattheyweren’t45sittingnextRylee---mybaby.”Garvisonaskedifshecouldchange46.Andhernewseatmate47allthedifferenceinthedayofthisyoungmom,whowasonatriptosurprisehermilitaryhusband.“ThenextthingIknewwasthatIwassittingnexttothisamazingwoman!Iwasnotsureifshecouldtellhow48Ilookedorwhat,butsheturnedourday49around.Rlyeewouldn’tstop50nomatterwhatIwouldtryanddososheaskedwhetherIwould51ifshecouldtryandofcourseIlether.Assoonasshehadher,Rlyeewaslookingoutofthewindowandstoppedcrying.Whenwegotintheair,shefellrightasleepandsleptthewholeflight52wegottoour53.Shekeptsayingitwasn’taproblem54anditwas55acomfortingfeelingforher.Sheevencarriedherofftheplane.”“Miller,”shewrote,“youwillneverunderstandhowhappythisactof56hasmademyfamily.Youcouldhavejust57youreyesandbeenunhappylikeeveryoneelse,butyoutookherandheldhertheentireflightandletmegetsomerestand58ofmind.ItbroughttearstomyeyeswhileIsatthereandwatchedyouandRyleesleepingnextto59.Ijustcouldn’tbelievehowthatendedup60andhowcaringyouweretous.thankyousomuch!Godblessyou!”41.A.train B.bus C.ship D.flight42.A.post B.guide C.advertisement D.menu43.A.taken B.repaired C.offered D.noticed44.A.weight B.height C.language D.shape45.A.proudof B.happyabout C.angrywith D.disappointedwith46.A.tickets B.seats C.plans D.books47.A.advised B.won C.made D.obeyed48.A.upset B.calm C.frightened D.sad49.A.heavily B.politely C.blindly D.completely50.A.talking B.sleeping C.crying D.playing51.A.guess B.forget C.mind D.realize52.A.because B.until C.though D.if53.A.counter B.bank C.shop D.gate54.A.atall B.inall C.atleast D.inaddition55.A.carefully B.powerfully C.quickly D.actually56.A.honestly B.kindness C.trust D.courage57.A.cleaned B.rolled C.watched D.touched58.A.truth B.sharpness C.peace D.service59.A.me B.her C.him D.them60.A.runningout B.givingin C.breakingdown D.workingout第II卷（共50分）注意：将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。OnenightlastFebruary,aseventeen-year-oldDuffydrovehomealongawindingroad,hesawastrangelightthrownagainstthetree.“Iknewitwasn’tthemoon”,hesaid.“Idrivethisroadall61timeandInoticelittlethingsoutofplace.”Duffystoppedhiscarandgotout62(examine).Belowhimfardowninthedeepvalleylayabrokencarwithitsheadlightson.Thirtyminutesearlier,amanhaddrivenofftheedgeoftheroad,whichhasnoguardrail(护栏).Hiscarfellandrolledendoverend,63(land)onitstopmorethantwohundredfeetbelow.

Duffyrushedtocallforhelp,thenreturnedandgotdowntoreachthedriver64wasbadlyinjured.Snowcoveredthevalley65thetemperaturewasbelowfreezing.Afterstrugglingbackupthecliff,Duffytookoffhisjacketandshirtandwrappedthemanintime,along66theblanketsfromhiscar.

Life-saving67(deed)arestartingtobecomeusualactionforDuffy,theoldestofsevenchildren.Whenhewas12,hesavedhisten-year-oldbrotherfromdrowning.Twoyearsago,histhree-year-oldsister68(eat)ratpoison,andDuffy69(instant)cleanedouthermouth,makeherdrinkmilktoprotectherstomachandcalleddoctors.

“Wepersonalbeliefisthatitis70(significance)forustoteachthechildrengoodvalues,anditlookslikewehavegotsomerewardforit.”Hisfathersays.第四部分写作（共两节，满分35分）第一节短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）假定英语课上老师要求同学们交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写上该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写上修改后的词。注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。IorderedabirthdaygiftformysisterontheInternetthreedaysago.Thegiftwhosethepriceisnothighisabeautifulpinkcupdecoratingwithmysister’sname,herdateofbirth,andsomebestwishestoheraswell.It’ssuchlovelyacupwithapictureofacartoondogonitthatbothmysisterandIlikeditbyfirstsight.Besides,IamverysatisfyingwithAlipaySecurityControl,whichisveryconvenienctandsafely.AndIampleasedwiththedeliveryservice.Ireceivedthecupyesterday.Don’tyouthinkit’sveryfast?Heenjoyshoppingonlineverymuch.Thereisnodoubtthatmoreandmorepeoplepreferredtoshoponlinenowadays.Wedon’tneedspendmuchtimegoingtotheshopsormarketswithsuchagoodnumberofdifferentchoiceontheInternet.第二节书面表达（满分25分）假设你是李华，你是英国笔友Bruce的父母因为工作调动（jobtransfer）要到你所在的城市工作，他们计划搬到你所在的小区住，Bruce写信询问小区情况，请你根据以下提示给他回信。要点如下：1．表示欢迎；2．你所在小区适宜居住的理由（至少两条）。注意：1．词数100左右，开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数；2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。DearBruce,Iamsopleasedtoreceiveyourletter.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________