黑龙江牡丹江一中2019届高三上学期开学摸底考试英语试卷(含答案)

牡丹江市第一高级中学2019届高三上学期开学摸底考试英语试题本试卷共150分答题时间120分钟第一节：单项选择（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）。根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。1.________withadifficultsituation,Arnolddecidedtoaskhisbossforadvice.A.TofaceB.HavingfacedC.FacedD.Facing【答案】C【解析】试题分析：考查形容词用法。本题中考查了形容词的固定词组befacedwith面对着…；本句中使用形容词短语facedwith…对句子主语Amold的情况进行说明。句意：面对着艰难的形势，Amold决定向老板征询建议。故C正确。本题可以使用动词facingadifficultsituation的形式在句中做状语。考点：考查形容词用法点评：分词转换的形容词是考查的重点，过去分词转换的形容词常常用来修饰人或者与人有关的事物如look,appearance；现在分词转换的形容词常常用来修饰事物。这样的形容词经常在句中做表语或者定语修饰名词，也可以在句中构成形容词短语对主句的情况进行说明。2.Thisbookissaidtobethespecialone,which________manyeventsnotfoundinotherbooks.A.coversB.writesC.printsD.reads【答案】A【解析】试题分析：考查动词词义辨析。A覆盖B写C印刷D读，句意：这本书据说很特别，因为它覆盖其他历史书上未发现的事。故选A考点：考查动词词义辨析3.Americanseat________vegetablesperpersontodayastheydidin1910.A.morethantwiceB.astwiceasmanyC.twiceasmanyasD.morethantwiceasmany【答案】D【解析】试题分析：句意：美国人现在每人吃的蔬菜是1910年的两倍。倍数表达：①倍数+as+形容词或副词的原级+as+其他，如：ThereareseventimesasmanypeopleasIexpected.是我预料的人数的七倍。②倍数+形容词（或副词）的比较级+than+其他，如：Thehallisfivetimesbiggerthanourclassroom.这个大厅的面积比我们教室大五倍。故本题选C。考点：考查倍数表达。4.Withnothing_______toburn,thefirebecameweakandfinallydiedout.A.leavingB.leftC.leaveD.toleave【答案】B【解析】试题分析：句意：剩下的没有什么东西可燃烧，火越来越弱最后熄灭了。句中nothing和动词leave是被动关系，故用过去分词，故选B。考点：考查非谓语动词。5.Theprofessorsuggestedtheproblem________atonce.A.referredtobesolvedB.referredtosolvingC.referredtowassolvedD.referredtomustbesolved【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查过去分词和suggest的用法。句意：教授建议所提到的那个问题应该马上予以解决。theproblem和referredto之间是被动关系，此处是过去分词做后置定语，相当于定语从句whichhadbeenreferredto；suugest“建议”接句子时用虚拟语气（should)+动词原形，其中should可以省略，再根据theproblem和solve之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态（should）besolved。故选A。【点睛】Suggest用法小结1．suggest表示建议1）suggest+doingsth.Hesuggestedgoingoutforawalk.2）suggest+(that)+主语+(should)do+sth其中的should可以省略Hesuggestedthatyoushouldgotheretomorrow.=Hesuggestedyougotheretomorrow.注意,不可以这样说：Hesuggestedyoutogotheretomorrow.也就是说suggest不可以加不定式的复合结构.3）itissuggestedthat+主语+(should)dosth.Itissuggestedthatthework(should)befinishedatonce.4）suggestion做主语时,其后的表语从句也用这个结构即：Thesuggestionisthat+主语+should+dosthHissuggestionisthatIshouldleaveforBeijingimmediately.2.suggest表示暗示或表明之意,注意此时做主语时后面的表语从句用陈述语气Heryawnsuggestedthatshewassleepy.她哈欠连天表明她困了。6.——Here________！WhereisXiaoLiu?——There________.A.comesthebus;isheB.comesthebus;heisC.thebuscomes;isheD.thebuscomes;heis【答案】B【解析】试题分析：句意：——车来了，小刘在哪？——在那。Here和There等副词放在句首，主语是名词时句子全部倒装，主语是代词不倒装。故选B.考点：考查倒装句。7.What___itistohaveacolddrinkafteran_____game!A.fun,excitingB.afun,excitingC.funs,excitedD.fun,excited【答案】A【解析】考查词性。fun为不可数名词，exciting令人兴奋的，令人激动的。根据句意选A。8.Thisisoneofthehighestbuildingsthat_____inourcityrecently.A.hasbeenbuiltB.buildC.havebeenbuiltD.havebuilt【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查现在完成时态的被动语态。句意：这是最近我们城市建设的众多最高的建筑中的一座。此处thehighestbuildings是先行词，指物，复数形式，且和build之间是被动关系，再根据recently所以句子用现在完成时态的被动语态，故选C。9.OurEnglishteacheraswellaswestudents_____not_____ChineseintheEnglishCorner.A.are;allowedtospeakB.is;allowedspeakingC.is;allowedtospeakD.are;allowedspeaking【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查主谓一致。主语由aswellas、togetherwith，alongwith，including，连接时，主语和前面的主语一致，此处主语是OurEnglishteacher所以后面的谓语动词用单数形式；beallowedtodosth.被允许做某事，故选C。【点睛】主谓一致1.四大就近原则：notonly……butalso；neither……nor……；either……or；not……but例句：NotonlyIbutalsoheishappy.2.四大就远原则：aswellas；with；but/beside/except；ratherthan例句：Iaswellasheamhappy.10.Itisimpossibleforallthepeopletogetjobsbecause______ofthemarenotfitforthem.A.noneB.allC.notallD.everyone【答案】B【解析】试题分析：句意：所有的人都找到工作是不可能的，因为并不是所有的人都适合这些工作。此处allofthemarenotfitforthem.是部分否定，意为：并不是所有的人都适合这些工作。故选B。考点：考查代词的用法及部分否定。第二节：阅读理解(共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。AMarkfeltthatitwastimeforhimtotakepartinhiscommunity，sohewenttotheneighborhoodmeetingafterwork.Theareacitycouncil(委员会)womanwasleadingadiscussionabouthowthequalityoflifewasonthedecline.Theneighborhoodfacedmanyproblems.Marklookedatthechartstapedtothewalls.Therewerechartsforparkingproblems,crime,andforproblemsinvacantbuildings.Markreadfromthecharts,“Policepatrols(巡逻)cutback,illegalparkingup20%.”Peopleweresupposedtosuggestsolutionstothecouncilwoman.ItwastoomuchforMark.“Theproblemsaretoobig,”hethought.Heturnedtothemannexttohimandsaid,“Ithinkthisisawasteofmytime.NothingIcandowouldmakeadifferencehere.”Ashenearedthebusstoponhiswayhome,Marksawawomancarryingagrocerybag,andababy.AsMarkgotcloser,herotherchild，alittleboy,suddenlydashedintothestreet.Thewomantriedtoreachforhim,butasshemoved,herbagshifted(滑落),andgroceriesstartedtofallout.Markrantotaketheboy’sarmandledhimbacktohismother.“YougottastaywithMom,”hesaid.Thenhepickedupthefallengrocerieswhilethewomansmiledinrelief.“Thanks,”shesaid.“You'vegotgreattiming.”“Justbeingneighborly,”Marksaid.Asherodehome,heglancedattheposternearhisseatinthebus.Smallactsofkindnessaddup.Marksmiledandthought,“Maybethat'sagoodplacetostart.”11.WhydidMarkgototheneighborhoodmeeting?A.Tojoinintheneighborhoodpatrols.B.Todosomethingforhiscommunity.C.Tovoicehiscomplaintstothecitycouncil.D.Tocollectsuggestionsforthecommunityproblems.12.WhatwasbeingdiscussedwhenMarkarrivedattheneighborhoodmeeting?A.Theworseninginthequalityoflife.B.Theincreaseofpolicepatrolsatnight.C.Therebuildingofvacantbuildings.D.Theviolation(违反)ofcommunityregulations.13.WhatdidMarkthinkofthecommunity'sproblems?A.Theymaytakealongtimetobesolved.B.Theyneedtobesolvedwiththeassistancefromthecity.C.Theyhavetobedealtwithonebyone.D.Theyaretoobigforsingleefforts.14.WhydidMarksmileonhisridehome?A.Hehadgotsomegroceriesatabigdiscount.B.Hehadreadafunnyposternearhisseat.C.Hehaddoneasmalldeedofkindness.D.Hehadcaughtthebusjustintime.【答案】11.B12.A13.D14.C【解析】本文为记叙文。文章讲述的是马克曾经认为自己的力量薄弱，解决不了世界性的难题，照顾好自己就够了，后来通过在公交车站碰到的事情才明白，小小的善举会产生影响，积小成多、积小成大才会让世界变得更美好。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中的Markfeltthatitwastimeforhim,totakepartinhiscommunity,sohewenttotheneighborhoodmeetingafterwork.（马克觉得该是他参加社区活动的时候了，所以下班后他去参加了社区会议）及NothingIcoulddowouldmakeadifferencehere.（我所能做的任何事都对这里不起作用）可推知，马克参加社区会议是想为社区做点事情。故选B。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的Theareacitycouncil(委员会)womanwasleadingadiscussionabouthowthequalityoflifewasdecreasing.（该地区城市委员会的一个妇女领导正在和别人讨论关于生活质量为何下降的问题）可知，当马克到了的时候，社区会议正在讨论生活质量下降的问题。故选A。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中的ItwastoomuchforMark."Theproblemsaretoobig,"hethought.（但这对于马克来讲太多了。他想“这些问题太大了。”）可推知，马克认为委员会的问题都太大了，个人无能为力。故选D。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Ononeofthemwas“Smallactsofkindnessaddup.”Marksmiledandthought,"Maybethat'sagoodplacetostart."（其中一个海报写着“小小的仁慈可以不断积累”，马克笑着说：“这也许是个好的开始。”）可推知，马克会心的微笑是因为自己做了一个小小的善举。故选C。【名师点睛】阅读理解在每套英语试题中都占有很重要的分值，需要大家特别重视。解答阅读理解时，一般遵循先读文章后的题目，标识出关键词（信息点），带着问题去阅读，做到心中有数，这样能够提高做题效率；在阅读过程中，将题目答案的原文信息源做好标识，这样能够做到自己的答案有凭有据，有助于提高自己的做题信心、有利于回头的自我检查。如第2小题WhatwasbeingdiscussedwhenMarkarrivedattheneighborhoodmeeting?（当马克到达社区会议的时候，正在讨论什么？），解答这道小题的时候，关键找出马克到达时，社区议会正在讨论什么，我们从第一段中的Theareacitycouncilwomanwasleadingadiscussionabouthowthequalityoflifewasdecreasing.（该地区城市委员会的一个妇女领导正在和别人讨论关于生活质量为何下降的问题），本句中的关键信息是wasleadingadiscussionabout（正引领着一场关于……的讨论）。由此可知，当马克到了的时候，社区会议正在讨论生活质量下降的问题。于是我们将这句话标识出来作为第2小题的答案依据。BTheTEDspeakerseriesfeatures“ideasworthspreading”.Withover1,400tochoosefrom,we’veselectedafewthatareperfectforstudents.1.LarrySmith:WhyyouwillfailtohaveagreatcareerWehumansmayhaveanunfavorablehabitofmakingexcusesforourselvesorbeingtooconfidentaboutourselves.Accordingly,LarrySmith,aprofessorofeconomicsattheUniversityofWaterlooinCanada,tellsuswhymostofuswillfailtohaveagreatcareer.Luckily,asheputsit,thereisawayout—followyourheart,aslongasitisgoodforyourcareer.2.AndyPuddicombe:Allittakesis10mindfulminutesBetweendanceteam,volunteeringand–oh,right—lectures,yourlife’scrazyfactor（因素）isabouttogowayup.Inthisentertainingandinformativetalk,Mindfulness,expertAndyPuddicombeteachesushowtobe“morehealthy,moremindfulandlessdistracted”bytakingjust10minutesoutofthedaytobe“morepresent”.3.ShaneKoyczan:Tothisday…forthebullied（欺凌）andbeautifulThistalkissuretostaywithyou.ShaneKoyczan’s“ToThisDay”isanaffectingspoken-wordpoemaboutbullyingandbeingdifferentthatgainedover10millionviewsonYouTube.Inthistalk,Koyczangivesalivereadingofthepoem,alongwithsomestoriesabouthisbackground.4.SusanCain:Thepowerofintroverts（性格内向者）DoesacupofteaandagoodbooksoundlikeaperfectFridaynight?Inthispersonaltalk,SusanCainarguesthatintrovertshavetalentsandabilities.Ourculturemayvaluebeingoutgoing,buttheworldneedsallkinds.15.WhatdoesLarrySmithadvisestudentstodoforagoodcareer?A.Don’tbetoooptimistic.B.Learnfromothers’lessons.C.Nevermakeexcusesforyourself.D.Matchyourinterestswithyourcareer.16.WhatisAndyPuddicombe’stalkmainlyabout?A.Howtoconcentrate.B.Theneedforteamwork.C.Howtobeagoodvolunteer.D.Theimportanceofgoodhealth.17.WhichTEDspeakermakespeoplewhoarenotsocialfeelconfident?A.AndyPuddicombeB.SusanCainC.ShaneKoyczanD.LarrySmith【答案】15.D16.A17.B【解析】TED演讲系列以“值得传播的理念”为特征，有一千四百多个话题可供选择，文章介绍4个适合学生听的演讲话题。【15题详解】细节理解题。根据1.LarrySmith:Whyyouwillfailtohaveagreatcareer部分的最后一句Luckily,asheputsit,thereisawayout-followyourheart,aslongasitisgoodforyourcareer.幸运的是，正如他所说，只要对你的职业有好处，就有一条路可以跟着你的心。可知LarrySmith建议我们在择业时把择业和兴趣相关联。故选D。【16题详解】主旨大意题。根据2.AndyPuddicombe:Allittakesis10mindfulminutes部分的介绍AndyPuddicombeteachesushowtobe“morehealthy,moremindfulandlessdistracted”bytakingjust10minutesoutofthedaytobe“morepresent”Andy教我们怎样“更健康，更留心而不会分心”通过每天十分钟注重现在。可知Andy的演讲主要是关于如何更专心。故选A。【17题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一部分内容的介绍Inthispersonaltalk,SusanCainarguesthatintrovertshavetalentsandabilities.在这个个人演讲中，SusanCain表明性格内向者有天赋和能力。可知她的演讲能使得不合群的人感到自信。故选B。CWeallknowwhatabrainis.Adoctorwilltellyouthatthebrainistheorganofthebodyinthehead.Itcontrolsourbody’sfunctions,movements,emotionsandthoughts.Butabraincanmeansomuchmore.Abraincanalsosimplybeasmartperson.Ifapersoniscalledbrainy,heissmartandintelligent.Ifafamilyhasmanychildrenbutoneofthemissupersmart,youcouldsay,“He’sthebrainsinthefamily.”Andifyouarethebrainsbehindsomething,youareresponsiblefordevelopingororganizingsomething.Forexample,BillGatesisthebrainsbehindMicrosoft.Braintrustisagroupofexpertswhogiveadvice.Wordexpertssaythephrase“braintrust”becamepopularwhenFranklinD.Rooseveltfirstranforpresidentin1932.Severalprofessorsgavehimadviceonsocialandpoliticalissues（问题）facingtheU.S.Theseprofessorswerecalledhis“braintrust”.Thesewaysweusetheword“brain”allmakesense.Butotherwaysweusethewordarenotsoeasytounderstand.Forexample,tounderstandthenextbrainexpression,youfirstneedtoknowtheword“drain”.Asaverb,todrainmeanstoremovesomethingbylettingitflewaway.Soabraindrainmaysoundlikeadiseasewherethebrainflowsoutoftheears.But,braindrainiswhenacountry’smosteducatedpeopleleavetheircountriestoliveinanother.Thebrainsare,sortof,drainingoutofthecountry.However,ifpeopleareresponsibleforagreatidea,youcouldsaytheybrainstormedit.Here,brainstormisnotanactofweather.Itisaprocessofthinkingcreativelyaboutacomplextopic.Forexample,businessleadersmayusebrainstormingtocreatenewproducts,andgovernmentleadersmaybrainstormtosolveproblems.Ifpeoplearebrainwashed,itdoesnotmeantheirbrainsareniceandclean.Tobrainwashmeanstomakesomeacceptnewbeliefsbyusingrepeatedpressureinaforcefulortrickyway.Keepinmindthatbrainwashisneverusedinapositiveway.18.Accordingtothetext,ifyou’retheCEOofBaiDuyoucanbecalled.A.theorganofBaiDuB.thebraindrainofBaiDuC.thebrainsbehindBaiDuD.BaiDu’sbraintrust19.Rooseveltsuccessfullywontheelectionprobablybecause.A.hegothisbraintrustB.hegotthehelpofwordexpertsC.hewassmartatgivingadviceD.hewasthebrainsbehindAmerica20.Fromthepassage,wecaninferthat.A.todrainalakemeanstofillitwithalotofwaterB.brainyandbrainwashareneverusedinanegativewayC.brainstormingisnotagoodchoiceforapoliticalleaderforlackofcreativityD.acountrysuffersa“braindrain”wheneducatedpeoplemovetoothercountries21.Theauthorexplainsthe“brain”expressionsby.A.makingcommentsB.makingcomparisonsC.usingexamplesD.analyzingorigins【答案】18.C19.A20.D21.C【解析】文章讲述“brain”一词的含义，以及它引申出来的几个单词的意思。【18题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段的描述Andifyouarethebrainsbehindsomething,youareresponsiblefordevelopingororganizingsomething.（如果你是某物背后的brain，你对它的发展以及组织负有责任。）以及最后一句的例子Forexample,BillGatesisthebrainsbehindMicrosoft.（例如，比尔盖茨是微软背后的大脑。）可推断如果你是百度的CEO，你可以被叫百度背后的大脑。故选C。【19题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段Severalprofessorsgavehimadviceonsocialandpoliticalissues（问题）facingtheU.S.Theseprofessorswerecalledhis“braintrust”.可知Roosevelt成功地赢得竞选是因为他有“braintrust”（一个给他建议的团队）。故选A。【20题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段对braindrain的解释braindrainiswhenacountry’smosteducatedpeopleleavetheircountriestoliveinanother.Thebrainsare,sortof,drainingoutofthecountry.braindrain是一个国家受最高教育的人离开他们的国家住在另一个国家。可知当一个国家受高教育的人移民到别的国家时，这个国家遭受braindrain。故选D。【21题详解】细节理解题。文章讲述“brain”一词的含义，以及它引申出来的几个单词的意思，解释每种意思之后都会加上例子说明，比如Forexample,BillGatesisthebrainsbehindMicrosoft.；Forexample,businessleadersmayusebrainstormingtocreatenewproducts,andgovernmentleadersmaybrainstormtosolveproblems.。可知文章是通过举例子来解释“brain”的表达。故选C。【名师点睛】关于推理判断题推理题是在掌握文章大意基础上看出作者的“言外之意”(betweenthelines)。这既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测隐含意思，又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，有些推断题要从文章结构的角度进行分析，才能推断出正确答案。因此，阅读时不仅要注重词、句的理解，而且还要分析语篇的组织结构。这类试题常以如下句式发问：Whatcanyouinfer/learn/concludefromthepassage?What’stheauthor’sattitudetoward……?Whatdoesthepassagesuggest?Theauthorinthispassageintendsto__________。如本文的第3小题，根据题干3.Fromthepassage,wecaninferthat.可知本题属于推理判断题。根据第四段的句子Asaverb,todrainmeanstoremovesomethingbylettingitflewaway.可知A错误；根据第二段的句子Ifapersoniscalledbrainy,heissmartandintelligent.以及最后一段的句子Keepinmindthatbrainwashisneverusedinapositiveway.可知B错误；根据倒数第二段对brainstorm的解释以及举例Forexample,businessleadersmayusebrainstormingtocreatenewproducts,andgovernmentleadersmaybrainstormtosolveproblems.可知C错误；根据第四段对braindrain的解释braindrainiswhenacountry’smosteducatedpeopleleavetheircountriestoliveinanother.Thebrainsare,sortof,drainingoutofthecountry.braindrain是一个国家受最高教育的人离开他们的国家住在另一个国家。可知当一个国家受高教育的人移民到别的国家时，这个国家遭受braindrain。故选D。答推理题时，一般无法直接从文中找到答案，但绝不可凭空猜测，也要找到答题依据。要通过文章主旨、字里行间或文中例子进行推断，通过含有感情色彩或描述情景的词句来领会作者的态度或语气，有的题也可根据常识理解来推断。但无论怎样，推理判断要以作者态度为准，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点。DAresomepeoplebornclever,andothersbornstupid?Orisintelligencedevelopedbyourenvironmentandourexperience?Strangelyenough,theanswertothesequestionsisyes.Tosomedegreeourintelligenceisgiventousatbirth,andnoamountofeducationcanmakeageniusoutofachildbornwithlowintelligence.Ontheotherhand,achildwholivesinaboringenvironmentwilldevelophisintelligencelessthanonewholivesinrichandvariedsurroundings.Thusthelimitsofperson’sintelligencearefixedatbirth,whetherornothereachesthoselimitswilldependonhisenvironment.Thisview,nowheldbymostexperts,canbesupportedinanumberofways.Itiseasytoshowthatintelligenceistosomedegreesomethingwearebornwith.Thecloserthebloodrelationshipbetweentwopeople,theclosertheyarelikelytobeintelligent.Thusifwetaketwounrelatedpeopleatrandomfrompopulation,itislikelythattheirdegreeofintelligencewillbecompletelydifferent.If,ontheotherhand,wetaketwoidenticaltwins,theywillverylikelybeasintelligentaseachother.Relationslikebrothersandsisters,parentsandchildren,usuallyhavesimilarintelligence,andthisclearlysuggeststhatintelligencedependsonbirth.Imaginenowthatwetaketwoidenticaltwinsandputthemindifferentenvironments.Wemightsendone,forexample,toauniversityandtheothertoafactorywheretheworkisboring.Wewouldsoonfinddifferencesinintelligencedeveloping,andthisindicatesthatenvironmentaswellasbirthplaysapart.Thisconclusionisalsosuggestedbythefactthatpeoplewholiveinclosecontactwitheachother,butwhoarenotrelatedatallarelikelytohavesimilardegreeofintelligence.22.Thewriterisinfavoroftheviewthatman’sintelligenceisgiventohim.A.atbirthB.througheducationC.bothatbirthandthrougheducationD.throughenvironmentofone’sfamily23.Ifachildisbornwithhighintelligence,hecan.A.surelybecomeageniusB.stillbecomeageniusifheisn’tgivengoodeducationC.reachhisintelligencelimitsthroughhisowneffortsD.probablyreachhisintelligencelimitsinrichandvariedsurroundings24.Theexampleofthetwinsgoingtoauniversityandtoafactoryseparatelyshows.A.theimportanceoftheirintelligenceB.theroleofenvironmentonintelligenceC.theimportanceoftheirpositionsD.thepartthatbirthplays25.Thebesttitleofthepassagecanbe.A.OnIntelligenceB.OnGeniusC.DependenceonEnvironmentD.EffectofEducationonIntelligence【答案】22.C23.D24.B25.A【解析】本文主要讲述的是遗传和环境都对智力起着重要的作用。有些人天生就聪明？而有些人天生就愚钝吗？还是人的智商是随着我们的环境和经验而获得的呢？让人奇怪的是，这些问题的答案都是肯定的。在某种程度上人的智力是天生的，但是随着环境的变化，经验的增长，人的智商也在随之增长。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Thusthelimitsofperson’sintelligencearefixedatbirth,butwhetherornothereachesthoselimitswilldependonhisenvironment.”可知，一个人的智力在出生时就固定了，但能否达到极限，要视后天的环境而定。以及第二段的描述Itiseasytoshowthatintelligenceistosomedegreesomethingwearebornwith.thisindicatesthatenvironmentaswellasbirthplaysapart.可知作者赞同的观点是，人的智力受到出生和教育的影响。故选C。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段的内容“Thusthelimitsofperson’sintelligencearefixedatbirth,butwhetherornothereachesthoselimitswilldependonhisenvironment.”可知，一个人的智力在出生时就固定了，但能否达到极限，要视后天的环境而定。以及上句achildwholivesinaboringenvironmentwilldevelophisintelligencelessthanonewholivesinrichandvariedsurroundings.生活在无聊环境中的孩子没有生活在富足多边环境中的孩子智力发展得快。可知一个出生时高智商的孩子，可能在富有的环境中可能到达他的智力极限。故选D。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段的句子Wewouldsoonfinddifferencesinintelligencedeveloping,andthisindicatesthatenvironmentaswellasbirthplaysapart.我们很快能发现他们智力发展的区别，这就暗示了环境和出生一样对智力有影响。故选B。【25题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述的是遗传和环境都对智力起着重要的作用。故标题用OnIntelligence合适，故选A。根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。You’veseennewsreportsaboutpeoplewhoneedassistanceafteranaturaldisaster,orTVprogramsabouthowlonelyandisolatedolderpeoplecanget.Maybeyou’vewalkedpastpeoplewhoarelivingonthestreets.____26____Theanswer:youcanvolunteer.Volunteeringgivesyouanopportunitytochangepeople’slives,includingyourown.Helpingothersinneedissuchanimportantpartoflife.Sohowdoyougoaboutit?Findwhat’srightforyou.Volunteeringisn’tschool.____27____Youcanchoosewhatreallyinterestsyouandwhoorwhatismostdeservingofyourtime.___28___Afteryou’vediscoveredwhatinterestsyou,decidehowmuchtimeyouwanttospendandwhatfitsintoyourschedule.Expandyourmind.Volunteeringisagreatwaytolearnnewskills—fromworkingaspartofateamtosettingandreachinggoals.____29____Anditcanhelpyoudevelopanewunderstandingofpeoplewhoaredifferentfromyou—peoplewithdisabilities,peopleinfinancialproblems,sickkids,ortheelderly.Feelgood.Volunteeringhelpspeoplefeeltheymakeadifference—thattheydohavethepowertochangethingsforthebetter.Whenpeopledependonyou,itcanchangethewayyoulookatyourself.____30____Volunteeringisalsoagreatwaytogetaviewonyourownlife.A.Itcangiveyouachancetodiscoverwhatkindsofthingsyou’rebestatandenjoymost.B.Insteadofhavingthechoicesmadeforyou,you’vegottopick.C.Doingsomethingforothershelpspeopletochangetheworld.D.Sowhatcanyoudoaboutanyofthosethings?E.Youcanfeelproudofwhatyou’veachieved.F.Findwhatfitsyourschedule.G.Changethingsforthebetter.【答案】26.D27.B28.F29.A30.E【解析】本文是一篇说明文。志愿活动给了你一个改变人们生活的机会，包括你自己的生活。帮助有需要的人是生活中非常重要的一部分。那么你是怎么做到呢？本文告诉你如何做到的方法。【26题详解】上文提示“你看过自然灾害后关于需要帮助的人们的新闻报道,或者关于老年人如何孤独和孤立电视节目。也许你已经从那些露宿街头的人身边走过。”承接上文，D项Sowhatcanyoudoaboutanyofthosethings?（那么你能做些什么呢？）切题。该项中的thosethings指的就是上文中提到的事情。故选D。【27题详解】下文提示“你可以选择真正感兴趣的是什么，谁或者最值得你时间的是什么。”承接下文，B项Insteadofhavingthechoicesmadeforyou,you’vegottopick.（你必须选择，而不是为你做出选择。）切题。该项中的pick与下文中的choose相吻合。【28题详解】此空是小标题，应该用短小精悍的祈使句，所以在F/G中选择。根据下文“Afteryou’vediscoveredwhatinterestsyou,decidehowmuchtimeyouwanttospendandwhatfitsintoyourschedule.”（在你发现了你感兴趣的东西之后，决定你想要花多少时间，以及什么适合你的日程安排。）由此推知F项Findwhatfitsyourschedule.（找到适合你的时间表。）切题。此处关键词schedule。故选F。【29题详解】上文提示“志愿活动是学习新技能的好方法——从团队工作到设定和达到目标。”再根据下文提示“它可以帮助你对不同于你的人产生新的理解——残疾人，经济问题的人，生病的孩子，或者老年人。”承接上下文，A项Itcangiveyouachancetodiscoverwhatkindsofthingsyou’rebestatandenjoymost.（它可以给你一个机会去发现你最擅长的事情，并且最喜欢的事情。）切题。该项中的it指代的是上文中的Volunteering并与下文的itcan并列。【30题详解】上文提示“当人们依赖你的时候，它会改变你看待自己的方式。”承接上文，E项Youcanfeelproudofwhatyou’veachieved.（你可以为自己所取得的成就感到自豪。）切题。故选E。第三节：完形填空（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文,从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白的最佳选项。Oneafternoon,IwaswalkingwithEvanonthesecondfloor.ItalkedonandonandEvanwalked______31______infrontofme.Asweturnedacorner,Evan____32____meandsaidthetenwords.“Whyareyoutalkingtome?I’mnotyourfriend.”Thoseweretheexactwordshesaidtomethatday.Istoodthere____33____.Hekeptwalkingandneverlookedback.I___34___tomynextclasswithtearscomingupinmyeyes.We______35______spoketoeachotherafterthat.I______36______intoashell,likeaturtle,tohidefromtheworld.Fortherestofmytimeinmiddleschool,Ididn’t____37____myselftogetclosetoanyone.Ipushawaymostofmyfriends____38____beinghurtagain.Iavoidedunnecessary____39____.Itwasn’tuntilhighschoolthatIwasableto____40____myheadoutofmyshellandbegin____41____peopleagain.Buteventoday,Iamstill____42____inchoosingwhoIopenupto.Ittakesmeaverylongtimetowarmupto____43____.Iwastwelvethen.IwastootrustingandItookwhatEvansaid____44____.Maybehewashavingabadday____45____maybeIwastalkingtoomuch.Inmyview,whathesaidtomethatday____46____thecourseofmylife.butifweren’tforthat____47____,Iwouldn’thavemetmybestfriendsinhighschool.Iunderstandthat,inmiddleschool,wewereallyoung.I’vebeenableto____48____allthepeoplewhobulliedme,butforsome____49____Ican’tseemtoforgiveEvan.Thosewordsthatdayhurtmemorethananything.IbelievethatonedayI’llbe____50____enoughtoforgiveEvantoo.ButrightnowI’mstillthattwelve-year-oldrunningdownthehallwithtearsfilledwithhiseyes.31.A.silentlyB.carefullyC.suddenlyD.happily32.A.arguedwithB.shoutedatC.turnedtoD.remindedof33.A.astonishedB.disappointedC.frightenedD.amused34.A.camebackB.gaveinC.madefacesD.ranoff35.A.frequentlyB.willinglyC.attentivelyD.rarely36.A.lookedB.turnedC.escapedD.lived37.A.wishB.allowC.expectD.force38.A.forfearofB.becauseofC.inneedofD.insteadof39.A.outingsB.conversationsC.lessonsD.friends40.A.remainB.stickC.keepD.hide41.A.suspectingB.refusingC.admiringD.trusting42.A.cautionsB.aloneC.carelessD.simple-minded43.A.anythingB.everyoneC.nothingD.someone44.A.seriouslyB.wronglyC.personallyD.easily45.A.andB.orC.butD.so46.A.changedB.helpedC.developedD.achieved47.A.accidentB.argumentC.incidentD.fight48.A.forgetB.rememberC.apologizeD.forgive49.A.troubleB.reasonC.ideaD.view50.A.warm-heartedB.cleverC.matureD.determined【答案】31.A32.C33.A34.D35.D36.C37.B38.A39.B40.B41.D42.A43.D44.A45.B46.A47.C48.D49.B50.C【解析】本文作者陈述了自己被朋友的言语伤害，以至于性格改变的事情，虽然随着年龄的成长，他逐渐走出阴影，但是这件事情深深的伤害了他。通过这件事，我们要从中学到注意自己的言语，不要说出可能伤害人的话。【31题详解】考查副词词义辨析以及对语境的理解。A.silently不吭身，沉默地，无声地；B.carefully仔细地；C.suddenly突然；D.happily快乐地。联系下文他对我说的“Whyareyoutalkingtome?I’mnotyourfriend.”可知我在不停地说话时，他不吭声走在我前面。故选A。【32题详解】考查动词短语辨析以及对语境的理解。A.arguedwith与…辩论，争论；B.shoutedat对…吼叫；C.turnedto求助于，转向；D.remindedof想起。联系上文Evan走在我前面，可知当我们转弯时，他转向我，对我说了下面的话。根据语境可知选C。【33题详解】考查形容词词义辨析以及对语境的理解。A.astonished感到惊讶的；B.disappointed失望的；C.frightened害怕的；D.amused愉快的，被逗笑的。根据Evan对我说的话“Whyareyoutalkingtome?I’mnotyourfriend.”可判断我听到他说的这些话感到很惊讶。故选A。【34题详解】考查动词短语辨析以及对语境的理解。A.cameback回来；B.gavein屈服；C.madefaces做鬼脸；D.ranoff跑掉，逃掉，流失，偷走，减轻体重。句意：他一直向前走没有回头。我的眼里流着眼泪跑去上下节课。根据语境可知选D。【35题详解】考查副词词义辨析以及对语境的理解。A.frequently频繁地，经常地；B.willingly乐意地；C.attentively聚精会神地，周到地；D.rarely罕见地，珍奇地。根据上文发生的事以及下句“我把自己藏到壳里”，可知自那之后，我们很少说话。故选D。【36题详解】考查动词词义辨析以及对语境的理解。A.looked看；B.turned转身；C.escaped逃脱；D.lived住。联系下文hidefromtheworld，可知我像一只海龟一样，逃到一个壳里藏起来了。故选C。【37题详解】考查名词词义辨析以及对语境的理解。A.wish希望；B.allow允许；C.expect期望；D.force强迫。句意：在中学的剩余时间里，我不允许自己接近任何人。根据句意可知选B。【38题详解】考查短语辨析以及对语境的理解。A.forfearof因为害怕；B.becauseof由于；C.inneedof需要；D.insteadof代替，而不是。句意：我推开大部分的朋友因为害怕被再次伤害。故选A。【39题详解】考查名词词义辨析以及对语境的理解。A.outings远足，郊游，短途旅行；B.conversations对话；C.lessons教训，启示，课；D.friends朋友。联系上文我把自己躲在壳里，不接近任何人。可知我避免不必要的对话。故选B。【40题详解】考查动词词义辨析以及对语境的理解。A.remain保持，留下；B.stick插入，放置，粘贴，容忍；C.keep保持，放；D.hide躲藏。句意：直到高中我才把头从壳里伸出来。stickoutof从…伸出。故选B。【41题详解】考查动词词义辨析以及对语境的理解。A.suspecting猜疑