2019届高考英语一轮复习练习必修5-unit2知能演练轻松闯关

课时练1阅读理解提速练eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)阅读理解A(2018·云南高三调研)ForthegrowingnumberofChineseheadingwesttoworkandstudy,there’splentytheyfindsurprising.UponarrivalintheWest,manyChinesefindtheyhavetofirstlyputonthebrakes.LiFeng,raisedinnorthernChinaandnowbasedinEngland,agrees.“TheonlythingChinesepeoplewouldbeshockedbyinBritainishowlongittakestodothings，”hesays.“Forinstance,inChinaifyouwanttoopenabankaccount,youdon’twaitandyoujustdoitatthecounter.”Out­of­hoursandweekendworkisstandardinChina,butinBritain,theweekendisforfamilyandfriends.ChenLei,wholefthishomeland12yearsagoandisnowalawyerinBelgiumsaysofficepoliticsaresimplerinEurope,partlybecausethehierarchy(等级制度)islessrigidthaninChina,wherethebossreallyisthebossandsocialclassintheofficeisveryobviousandimportant.Asaresult,staffinaChinesecompanythinkverycarefullyabouthowtopresenttheirviewsandideas.EmployeesintheWestcansharetheiropinionsmorefreely.InChinayoushouldhavethewisdomtosaysomethinginanappropriateway.ButinEuropeyoucanjustsaywhatyouwant.ThenewestChinesearrivalshaveaverydifferentviewtopreviousgenerations,accordingtoSharonJin,whomovedtotheU．S.20yearsagoandisnowanAmericancitizen.“Almost100%ofpeopleofmygenerationwhocametotheStateswanttogetagreencard，”shesays.“ButtodayyoungerChineseplantoworkfor10yearshereandthenreturntoChinatobuyahouseorlookaftertheirparents.”Whilearecordnumberof523，700studentsleftChinatostudyelsewherein2015,roughly70%－80%ofstudentsabroadhavebeenreturninginrecentyearsbecauseoftheattractivejobmarketathome,accordingtotheChineseMinistryofEducation(CME)．【解题导语】以前，中国人去国外都想获得绿卡，而现在他们计划在国外工作十年以后，再回来买房或照顾父母。1．WhatdomanyChinesefindsurprisingwhileinBritain?A．ThattheydrivefasterthanthedriversinBritain.B．Thattheycanopenabankaccountatanytime.C．ThatworkingextrahoursinBritainisverycommon.D．ThatworkingpaceinBritainislessfastthanathome.D解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“UponarrivalintheWest,manyChinesefindtheyhavetofirstlyputonthebrakes.”以及下面的例子可知，putonthebrakes本意为“刹车”，用在这里表示“放慢速度”，故选D。2．ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph2that________．A．ChenLeihasbeenalawyerinBelgiumfor12yearsB．employeesintheWestshowlessrespectfortheirbossC．ChineseemployeesarecautiouswhenpresentingideasD．peopleinEuropeexpressthemselvesinamodestwayC解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“InChinayoushouldhavethewisdomtosaysomethinginanappropriateway.”可知，在中国员工发表意见时要谨慎。3．AccordingtoCME，moststudentsreturntoChinabecause________．A．it’shardforthemtogetagreencardB．it’seasyforthemtobuyahouseathomeC．theywillhavetolookaftertheirparentsD．therearemorejobopportunitiesinChinaD解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“roughly70%－80%ofstudentsabroadhavebeenreturninginrecentyearsbecauseoftheattractivejobmarketathome”可知，大多数学生选择回国发展是因为国内有更多的就业机会。4．Howdoesthewriterorganizethetext?A．Byinterviewingstudentsabroad.B．Bycomparingthedifferences.C．Bydiscussingsomefacts.D．Bylistingsomefigures.B解析：推理判断题。根据每个段落对比的一些差异可知，应选B。B(2018·江西百校联盟高三联考)ThebestfamilyvacationthatIeverhadwasgoingonaroadtriptoMyrtleBeach.Thetripwasfor2weeksduringtheMarchbreakfromschool.Thistripwasprobablyabout20yearsagosoitwasbeforethetimeofthingslikeportablevideogamesandbeingabletowatchmoviesinthebackseat.SotopassthemanyhoursoftravelmybrotherandIhadtoentertainourselvesandeachother.Mymumwouldsetthebackseatupsothatitwasourownlittleplayroom.Shewouldpackeverythingupsothatwehadabiglevelareatoplayin.Wewouldplaycardsandboardgames.Whenitgottothepointwherewe__were__at__each__other’s__throatswewouldbesentbacktoourownsideoftheseatandwouldbeforcedtoeithernaporreadbyourselvesuntilwecouldbefriendlytoeachotheragain.Icanrememberusplayingforquitesometimewhenweturnedthebackseatintoaspaceshipandtraveledaroundtheearth.Anothertimeweturneditintoakitchenandhadabakeoff(食品烘烤赛)．ButthethingthatIrememberthemostandthatgaveusmanyhoursofenjoymentwasusingeachother’sfacesassillyPlasticine(普莱斯蒂辛橡皮泥)andmakingfunnyfaces.Wewouldseehowfarwecouldstretcheachother’smouthsopen,seehowthinwecouldmaketheother’seyebypullingonit.Wewouldkeepgoinguntiloneofusbeggedformercybecausewehadtogiveourfacesarest.SowhileIcanrememberushavingagreattimeonthebeach,laughingalottryingtoputthetentupintherain,whatIrememberthemostofthattripandwhatalwaysmakesmesmilethemostisrememberingthepainthatoutfaceswouldbeinafterthetrip.【解题导语】本文为记叙文。作者回忆了小时候在没有电子游戏、不能在坐车时看电影的旅途中打发时间的方式。5．WhatdidtheauthordowhentravelingtoMyrtleBeach?A．Watchmovies.B．Playvideogames.C．Havefunwithhisbrother.D．Packthingsuptoamusehimself.C解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的“topassthemanyhoursoftravelmybrotherandIhadtoentertainourselvesandeachother”可知答案。6．Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“wewereateachother’sthroats”？A．Wewerefightingwitheachother.B．Weusedupourskills.C．Wewerequiteoutofbreath.D．Wewereabouttofallasleep.A解析：句意理解题。下文的“...untilwecouldbefriendlytoeachotheragain”说明画线部分的意思应为“互相打斗，激烈争吵”。7．Whatimpressedtheauthormostduringthetrip?A．Playingcardsandboardgames.B．Pullingeachother’sfacesandeyes.C．Havingacookingcompetition.D．PlayingwithsillyPlasticine.B解析：推理判断题。由第四段中的“ButthethingthatIrememberthemost...hoursofenjoymentwasusingeachother’sfaces...bypullingonit.”可知，旅途中作者印象最深的是和弟弟彼此拉对方的脸或者眼来做鬼脸。8．Whichofthefollowingtitleswouldbestsuitthepassage?A．AnUnforgettableFamilyTravelB．WhatIstheMostMeaningfulJourneyC．TheGoodOldDaysNevertoBeForgottenD．HowtoKillTimeWhileTravelinginthePastD解析：标题归纳题。结合文章内容看，本文主要谈论的是在没有便携式游戏机、不能在后座看电影的情况下，作者一家去旅游时，作者在途中消遣的方式，故D项作本文标题最佳。C(2018·衡水中学高三大联考)BobDylan,bornonMay24,1941,isanAmericansongwriter,singer,artistandwriter.Hehasbeeninfluentialinpopularmusicandcultureformorethanfivedecades.Muchofhismostcelebratedworkdatesfromthe1960s,whenhissongsshowedsocialunrest.EarlysongssuchasBlowin’intheWindandTheTimesTheyArea­Changin’promotedtheAmericancivilrightsandanti­warmovements.Dylan’ssongsincludeawiderangeofpolitical,socialandliteraryinfluences.Theychallengedexistingpopmusicconventionsandappealedtothegrowingcounterculture.Hisrecordingcareer,spanningmorethan50years,hasexploredthetraditionsinAmericansong,fromfolk,blues,andcountrytorock’n’roll,andtoEnglish,Scottish,andIrishfolkmusic,evenjazzandtheGreatAmericanSongbook.Hehastouredsteadilysincethelate1980sonwhathasbeencalledtheNeverEndingTour.Hisaccomplishmentsasarecordingartistandperformerhavebeencentraltohiscareer,butsongwritingisconsideredhisgreatestcontribution.Asamusician,Dylanhassoldmorethan100millionrecords,makinghimoneofthebestsellingartistsofalltime.HehasalsoreceivednumerousawardsincludingelevenGrammyAwards,aGoldenGlobeAward,andanAcademyAward.ThePulitzerPrizejuryin2008awardedhimaspecialcitation(引言)forhisinfluenceonpopularmusicandAmericanculture,markedbylyricalcompositionsofextraordinarypoeticpower.InMay2012,DylanreceivedthePresidentialMedalofFreedomfromPresidentBarackObama.In2016,DylanreceivedtheNobelPrizeinLiterature“forhavingcreatednewpoeticexpressionswithinthegreatAmericansongtradition”．【解题导语】鲍勃·迪伦因为“在美国歌曲传统形式之上开创了以诗歌传情达意的新表现手法”而获得诺贝尔文学奖。文章介绍了他的作品以及他对流行音乐和美国文化的影响。9．WhichwordbestdescribesDylan’smusicaccordingtoParagraph2?A．Various. B．Talented.C．Personal. D．Popular.A解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的第一句以及下文中的“...hasexploredthetraditionsinAmericansong,fromfolk,blues,andcountrytorock’n’roll,andtoEnglish,Scottish,andIrishfolkmusic,evenjazzandtheGreatAmericanSongbook.”可知，他的音乐作品涉及政治、社会和文学；他探索了美国歌曲的传统，从民谣、蓝调、乡村音乐、摇滚到英格兰、苏格兰和爱尔兰民间音乐，甚至还有爵士乐和《美国流行金曲簿》。由此可知，他的作品风格多种多样。故选A项。10．WhatisDylanbetterrecognizedas?A．Aperformer. B．Asinger.C．Anartist. D．Asongwriter.D解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的最后一句可知，虽然歌手和演员一直是他的主要职业，但是他最伟大的贡献却是歌曲创作。故选D项。11．WhatmadeDylangettheNobelPrize?A．Hispoemsaboutmusic.B．HisAmericansongtradition.C．Hislanguagestyleofthesongs.D．HisinfluenceonAmericaculture.C解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的最后一句可知，他是因为“在美国歌曲传统形式之上开创了以诗歌传情达意的新表现手法”而获得了诺贝尔文学奖。故选C项。D(2018·贵阳三校联考)Sweden’sbloodserviceisenlistingnewtechnologytohelppushbackagainstbloodshortages.Onenewplan，wheredonorsaresentautomatictextmessagestellingthemwhentheirbloodhasactuallybeenused，hascaughtthepubliceye.Peoplewhodonateinitiallyreceivea“thankyou”textwhentheygiveblood，buttheygetanothermessagewhentheirbloodmakesitintosomebodyelse’sveins.Theservicesaysthemessagesgivedonorsmorepositivefeedbackabouthowthey’vehelpedtheirfellowcitizens—whichencouragesthemtodonateagain.“It’sagreatfeelingtoknowyoumadesuchabigdifferenceandmaybeevensavedsomeoneelse’slife，”saysMs.BlomWiberg.“WegetalotofvisibilityinsocialmediaandtraditionalmediathankstotheSMS.Butaboveallwebelieveitmakesourdonorscomebacktous，anddonateagain.”DuringNationalBloodDonationWeekstreetsignsandshopfrontsaroundthecountryarehavingtheletters“O”and“A”quietlyremoved，representingthemissingbloodtypes.“Wesimplycan’tignorethefactthattherehasbeenaseverereductioninthenumberofnewdonorscomingforward—atrendseenacrosstheworld，”JonLathamsaid.“Whilewecanmeettheneedsofpatientsnow，it’simportantthatwestrengthenthedonorbaseforthefuture.”InStockholm，residentscangotothelocalbloodservice’swebsiteandseealivechartofhowmuchbloodisleft.“Thesameinfoaswehaveinternallyisshownexternally，”saysMs.BlomWiberg.Thethinkingisthatwhenstocksrunlow，peoplewillrespondiftheyknowthereisaproblem.Otherinitiativesrolledoutinsomeareasincludelettingdonorssignacontractagreeingthatauthoritiesareallowedtoaggressivelybotherthembytextmessage，Facebook，andemailuntiltheydonateblood.Themessagesincludelight­heartedthreats，suchas：“Wewon’tgiveupuntilyoubleed.”【解题导语】瑞典的献血者们现在可以通过接收短信的方式来知晓他们所献的血的具体使用情况。12．Thetextmessagesblooddonorsreceiveareabout________．A．whohasusedtheirbloodintheoperatingroomB．howimportanttheirbloodistoapatientC．whentheirbloodactuallysavedalifeD．wherebloodisalsoingreatdemandC解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的“buttheygetanothermessagewhentheirbloodmakesitintosomebodyelse’sveins”可知答案。13．AccordingtoJon，thereisatrendthat________．A．morecountriesarestrengtheningtheirdonorbaseB．thepatients’needforbloodcan’tbesatisfiedC．bloodtypesofOandAareurgentlyneededD．fewerpeopledonatebloodaroundtheworldD解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的“...therehasbeenaseverereductioninthenumberofnewdonorscomingforward—atrendseenacrosstheworld”可知，在全世界范围内，有一种趋势就是献血者越来越少。14．Toensurestablebloodsupplies，Stockholm________．A．asksresidentstosignalifelongcontractofdonatingbloodB．allowseveryonetochecktheamountofbloodinstoreC．passesalawonappealingtopeopletodonatebloodD．forcespeopletodonatebloodwithtextmessagesB解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“InStockholm，residentscangotothelocalbloodservice’swebsiteandseealivechartofhowmuchbloodisleft.”可知，在斯德哥尔摩，居民可以登录当地献血机构的网站查询现在还有多少存血。15．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A．Swedenisfacingalackofbloodforpatientsatpresent.B．Swedenusessocialmediatoinspirepeopletodonatebloodagain.C．Swedishpeoplecanmeasurethebloodsugarlevelatahospitalfreely.D．Swedishblooddonorsgettextmessagesasfeedbackandencouragement.D解析：主旨大意题。本文主要介绍的是瑞典的血液服务部门给献血者发短信，让他们知道自己所献的血的具体使用情况，这不仅是一种信息反馈，也是对人们积极献血的一种激励。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)七选五(2018·东北三省四市模拟)Imaginethatyou’reanactororactressperforminginaplayforthefirsttime.You’velearnedallyourlinesandyouknowwheretowalkonstage.Waitingbehindtheclosedcurtain,youcanheartheaudiencewhispering.Thenyourbigmomentarrives!Thecurtaingoesup,andthecrowdfallssilent.Allyoucanseeisthespotlightshiningdownonyou.1.________Theinsideofyourmouthisdry,andyourhandsarewet.Ifyou’veexperiencedamomentlikethis,youknowalltoowellwhatitmeanstohavestagefright.It’soneofthemostcommontypesoffear.2.________Youcanexperiencethiskindoffearwhenplayingsports,givingatalk,orevenspeakinginclass.3．________Theexperiencediffersfrompersontoperson,butthesamechemicalprocessoccursoneachofus.Inreactiontoanxiety,ourbodiesproduceachemicalthatpreparesustoeitherfightorrunawayquickly.Scientistsrefertothisasourbodies’“fightforfright”reaction.Asaresult,wefeelthegreatenergythatmakesourhandssweat,ourheartsraceandkneesshake.4．________Practicingyourperformanceandfollowingsomesimpletipscanhelpyoucalmdownandmanagethefeelingscausedbyanxiety.Firstly,dresscomfortablyandappropriately.Secondly,beforetheperformance,takedeepbreathsandstretchtohelprelaxyourbody.Thirdly,stayawayfromdrinksthatcontaincaffeine(咖啡因).5.________Instead，tryabanana!Somedoctorsbelievethateatingabananacanhelpcalmyourheartandtherestofyourbody.Finally,whenyoulookintoacrowd,trytofocusonparticularpeopleratherthanthewholegroup.Thesetipshavehelpedmanypeoplelearntodealwiththeirfears.A．Theymightmakeyourheartraceevenfaster.B．Maybeyoudon’thavetobeonstagetogetstagefright.C．Stagefrightisreallypartofthebody’sreactiontostress.D．Withpractice,wecanlearnhowtorelaxwhileplayingsports.E．Thenyoutrytospeakyourlines,butnothingseemstocomeout.F．There’satimewhenstagefrightpreventsyoufromsteppingonstage.G．However,thegoodnewsaboutstagefrightisthattherearewaystodealwithit.【解题导语】本文主要介绍了人们经常会经历的舞台恐惧及应对舞台恐惧的几种方法。1．E解析：上文提到了站在舞台上的所听所见，下文提到了舞台恐惧的表现，所以中间连接句也应是在舞台上的表现，所以选E项。2．B解析：下文提到在参加体育运动、演讲甚至在课堂上发言都可能会经历这种恐惧，所以空处应讲的是有时这种恐惧不一定只出现在舞台上，所以选B项。3．C解析：本段讲的是舞台恐惧产生的过程及身体对压力的反应，所以空处应该解释舞台恐惧与身体反应的联系，所以选C项。4．G解析：下文讲的是应对舞台恐惧的方法，所以空处应统领本段内容，所以选G项。5．A解析：上文提到要远离含有咖啡因的饮料，下文应该陈述原因，所以选A项。课时练2知识运用板块练eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)完形填空(2018·济南模拟)Ispentlastsummervolunteeringatahospital.Itwasagiftto__1__somanyamazingpeopleandI’dliketoshareoneofthesemoments.Oneday,Iwascalledtoaroomwherea(n)__2__womanwasstaying.UsuallyIhelpedwith__3__whowerereadytoleave.Instead,she__4__togotothegiftshop.Igota__5__，helpedherintoit,andheadeddowntotheentrance.Whenwegotthere,itwasn’topenyet.Aftera30­minute__6__，weenteredthegiftshop.AsIpushedheraround,Icouldseethe__7__inherfaceasshelookedateverything,happytobeoutofherroom.She__8__somewindowdecorations,andthensawchocolates.Sheaskedmetopushherinthat__9__，andthenIhelpedher__10__allthedifferentchocolatearrangements.__11__shedecidedonthreedifferentboxes.Shetoldmetowritethenumbers1，2and3ontheboxes.She__12__thatthenursesweretakingsuchgoodcareofher,soshe__13__chocolatesforeachofthethreeshiftsofnurses.Aswegavethecurrentshiftofnursestheirboxofchocolates,they__14__offeredsometomebeforetakingsomethemselves.Therewere__15__allaround.Witnessingtheoldlady’s__16____andgettingtheopportunitytospendtimewithsomeonewhogotsomuchjoyfromlifewerea__17__initself.Ihavesomanymorestories,andeachpersonmadeanimpactonmylife.I’ve__18__thathealthhasawayofbringingpeopletogether.__19__isablessing,andbeinginaplacewherehealthisso__20__andappreciatedisunlikeanythingelse.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在医院做义工的经历，老人的善良和快乐让作者领悟到健康是福的道理。1．A.introduce B．meetC．attract D．describeB解析：上文提到作者在医院做义工，下文提到分享故事，由此可知，此处指“见到”许多了不起的人。故选B项。2．A.elderly B．strangeC．important D．famousA解析：从下文的“oldlady’s”可知，此处指“上了年纪的”。故选A项。3．A.nurses B．kidsC．patients D．parentsC解析：从语境可知，此处指作者作为医院的义工，通常帮助那些准备离开的“病人”。故选C项。4．A.pretended B．wantedC．failed D．promisedB解析：上文提到作者通常帮助那些准备离开的病人。结合Instead“反而”可知，此处老人并不是准备离开，而是想去礼品店。故选B项。5．A.car B．shoppingcartC．wheelchair D．bikeC解析：从下文的“AsIpushedheraround”可知，此处指“轮椅”。故选C项。6．A.ride B．walkC．drive D．waitD解析：前一句提到“当我们到达礼品店时，商店还没有开门”，可以推断此处指30分钟的“等待”。故选D项。7．A.relief B．anxietyC．joy D．puzzleC解析：从空后的“happytobeoutofherroom”可知，此处指“高兴”。故选C项。8．A.chose B．madeC．used D．receivedA解析：上文提到“shelookedateverything”，接下来应是“选择”。故选A项。9．A.manner B．caseC．direction D．pointC解析：结合语境可知，此处指老人要求作者推着她朝巧克力的方向走去。故选C项。10．A.preparefor B．makeupC．figureout D．lookthroughD解析：根据空后的“allthedifferentchocolatearrangements”可以推出，此处指作者帮老人“浏览”了所有不同的巧克力的布置。故选D项。11．A.Suddenly B．EventuallyC．Fortunately D．ActuallyB解析：在作者帮老人浏览完后，“最终”老人做出了决定。故选B项。12．A.explained B．declaredC．expected D．imaginedA解析：上文提到老人购买了三种不同盒子的巧克力并让作者在上面写上数字。接下来是老人向作者解释为何这样做。故选A项。13．A.exchanged B．designedC．tasted D．boughtD解析：老人解释说护士们如此精心地照顾她，所以她为轮班的护士“买”了巧克力。故选D项。14．A.infact B．atalossC．inturn D．ateaseC解析：当作者他们给当前值班护士巧克力时，值班护士转而给了作者一些。故选C项。15．A.whispers B．smilesC．shouts D．cheersB解析：从下文的“whogotsomuchjoyfromlife”可知，此处指“微笑”。故选B项。16．A.kindness B．choiceC．decision D．lonelinessA解析：结合上文老人的行为不难看出，老人是一个善良的人。故选A项。17．A.lesson B．chanceC．gift D．factC解析：此处指作者的感慨：能和从生活中得到如此多快乐的人在一起本身就是一个“礼物”，和上文第一段中的“Itwasagiftto...people”相呼应。故选C项。18．A.concluded B．imaginedC．predicted D．learnedD解析：此处指作者从做义工的经历中“学习”到，健康常常把人们聚集在一起。故选D项。19．A.Health B．LuckC．Virtue D．PraiseA解析：上文中作者提到健康，接下来说，“健康”是福，符合语境。故选A项。20．A.tested B．valuedC．maintained D．promotedB解析：此处指待在健康被如此“重视”的地方和其他事情不同，空处与空后的“appreciated”并列。故选B项。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)语法填空AccordingtodatafrompopulationreportsandstatisticsmadebytheWorldBank,Japanesepeoplein20131.____________(live),onaverage,to83yearsold,andthecountryitselfranks2.____________thetopfivenationswiththelongestlifeexpectancy(预期寿命)．3．____________majorcontributortoJapan’shighlifeexpectancyandoverallhealthistheirdiet,asdeterminedbythecountry’sMinistryofHealth,LabourandWelfare.Accordingtoarecentstudy4.____________(publish)bytheBMJ,Japanesepeople5.____________keptonthetraditionalJapanesedietduringthe15­yearstudyhadamortalityrate(死亡率)15%lowerthanthosewhodidnot.Further,thosewho6.____________keepwerealso7.____________(little)likelytosufferfromsomediseases.Japan’sMinistryofHealth,LabourandWelfare8.____________(break)thetraditionalJapanesedietdownintheirversionofthefoodpyramid,calledthe“JapaneseFoodGuideSpinningTop”．ThoughtheJapanesedietgivesspecial9.____________(important)tohighintakesoffishandsoybeanproductsinsteadoffats,itis10.____________(general)abalanceofgrains,vegetables,fishandmeat,andmilkandfruits.However,theguidealsoincludessnacks,sweets,cakesandalcoholicdrinks,whichcanbeconsumedincontrol,ratherthancompletelyrejected.【解题导语】本文是一篇调查报告。日本位居预期寿命最长的五个国家之首，饮食是日本人长寿的主要原因，本文主要分析了日本传统饮食的特点以及国家对国民饮食的指导。1．lived解析：考查动词的时态。根据时间状语“in2013”可知，谓语动词应用一般过去时。故填lived。2．on/among解析：考查介词。句意为：日本人2013年的平均寿命是83岁，位居预期寿命最长的五个国家之首。onthetop意为“在顶部”；此句也可理解为：位居预期寿命最长的五个国家当中，用among。故填on/among。3．A解析：考查冠词。空格处修饰名词“contributor”，表示泛指，应用不定冠词；且major的读音以辅音音素开头。故填A。注意首字母大写。4．published解析：考查非谓语动词。逻辑主语“study”与“publish”之间构成被动关系，因此应用所给词的过去分词形式作后置定语。故填published。5．who/that解析：考查定语从句引导词。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词为“Japanesepeople”指人，从句中缺少主语。故填who/that。6．did解析：考查谓语动词的强调结构。根据上文中的“had”和“didnot”可知，此处应用一般过去时，对谓语动词表示强调应借助于助动词did。故填did。7．less解析：考查副词的比较级。根据句意及上文中的“lower”可知，此处应用形容词little的比较形式。故填less。8．breaks解析：考查动词的时态。本句主语是“Japan’sMinistryofHealth,LabourandWelfare”，故谓语动词应用单数形式。本段叙述的是客观事实，故时态主要是一般现在时。故填breaks。9．importance解析：考查词性转换。形容词“special”应修饰名词。故填important的名词形式importance。10．generally解析：考查词性转换。根据语境可知，日本饮食通常也是谷类、蔬菜类、鱼类、肉类以及牛奶和水果的一个平衡。generally意为“通常”，在句中作状语。故填generally。课时练3语法写作增分练第三部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(2018·江西赣中南五校高三第一次联考)TheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)hasmadeanappealtoscientists，drugmanufacturersandgovernments.TheWHOwantsthemtoworktogether61.____________(develop)drugstofight12bacteria.Thesebacteria62._____________(be)abletoresist63.____________(power)antibiotic(抗生素)drugs.Theresistanceissounusuallystrongthatallthe12bacteriahavebeengivenaspecialname“superbug”．TheUnitedNationsagencyreportedthisweekthe12superbugsareathreattohuman64.____________(healthy)．Itsaidtheyhave65.____________abilitytoeasilyturntreatableinfectionsintokillers.TheWHOsayssuperbugscanalsopassalonggeneticmaterial66.____________helpsotherbacteriabecomeresistanttodrugtreatment.Marie­PauleKienyistheAssistantDirector­GeneralattheWHO.Shesaid，“Antibioticresistanceisgrowingandwearefastrunningout67.____________treatmentoptions.”Sheurgedgovernmentstogivedrugcompaniesreasonstodevelopnewtreatments.“Ifweleaveittomarketforcesalone，thenewantibioticswemost68.____________(urgent)needarenotgoingtobedevelopedintime，”shesaid.Antibioticdrugscanlosetheireffectivenesswhenpeopletakemoreorlessthantheamount69.____________(require)bydoctors.Whenthishappens，infectionsthat70.____________(treat)atonetimeeasilybecomeresistant.【解题导语】本文主要讲述了世界卫生组织呼吁开发新的药物，以应对超级病菌对人类健康的威胁。61．todevelop解析：考查非谓语动词。此处是不定式作目的状语，故填todevelop。62．are解析：考查动词时态。此处表示客观的陈述，故用一般现在时；结合空前的“Thesebacteria”可知，应填are。63．powerful解析：考查形容词。此处应用形容词作定语修饰名词短语，故填形容词powerful。64．health解析：考查名词。介词后跟名词、代词或动词­ing形式作宾语。humanhealth意为“人类健康”，作介词to的宾语。65．the解析：考查冠词。ability被不定式短语“toeasilyturntreatableinfectionsintokillers”所修饰，表示特指，故用定冠词the修饰。66．that/which解析：考查定语从句。that/which引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词geneticmaterial。67．of解析：考查介词。固定搭配runoutof意为“用完”，故填介词of。68．urgently解析：考查副词。副词修饰动词、形容词、副词或句子。故此处应用副词urgently修饰动词need。69．required解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，require和amount之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。70．weretreated解析：考查动词时态和语态。根据时间状语“atonetime”可知，treat所表示的动作发生在过去，且动词treat和infections是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。第四部分写作(共两节，满分35分)第一节短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。修