大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷60（共260题）

大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试

卷60（共9套）

（共260题）

大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试

卷第1套

一、词汇理解（本题共70题，每题1.0分，共70分。）

Aflciinlcnsivcrcscaruli,suicnlibtshavecunuiudcddialpoliliuiauslie.Inastudy

describedinBritain'sObservernewspaper,GlenNewey,apoliticalscientistatBritain's

UniversityofStrathclyde,concludedthatlyingisanimportantpartof[Cl]in

themoderndemocracy."Politiciansneedtobemorehonestaboutlying,"hetoldthe

newspaper.AccordingtoNewey,votersexpecttobeliedtoincertaincircumstances,and

sometimeseven[C2]it."Politicsshouldberegardedaslesslikeanexercisein

producing[C3]statementsandmorelikeapokergame,"hesaid."Andthereis

anexpectationbyapokerplayerthatyoutryto[C4]themaspartofthegame."

Neweysaidlyingbypoliticianscanoccasionallybe[C5]justified,suchas

whennationalsecurityisat[C6],andthepublicevenhasa"righttobeliedto"

incaseswheretheydonotexpecttobetoldthewholetruth,suchasduringawar.Butthe

maincauseoflyingisincreased[C7]bythepublicintoareasthatthe

governmentwouldrathernotdiscusscandidly.Ifvotersonlyaskedfewerquestions,

politicianswouldtellthemfewerlies.BillClinton[C8]liedabouthisaffair

withMonicaLewinsky,whileearlierphilandering（追逐女人的）U.S.presidentsnever

hadtolieabouttheir[C9],becausenobodyeverasked."When[CIO]

orparliamentarycolleaguesstarttoprobeatthatareawhichthegovernment

wantstokeepsecret,youaremorelikelytobepushedfurtherandfurthertowardthe

territoryoflying,"Neweysaid.A.famouslyB.requireC.politicsD.miserableE.

intermediateF.journalistsG.representingH.affairsI.mechanismJ.truthfulK.faithfully

L.probingM.deceiveN.riskO.entirely

K[Cl]

标准答案：C

知识点解析：由前面的partof可知此处为名词。根据上文提到的内容及political,

politician,democracy等词，可以推断空白处最合适的词是polilics。

2、[C2]

标准答案：B

知识点解析：此处应为动词原形，与and前半句所用的时态一致。根据本句中的

expecl及even等词可以推断，空白处的动词词义比“希望”更强，只有.require（要求）

最合适。

3、[C3]

标准答案：J

知识点解析：此处应为形容词，修饰statements。本句将“政治”与“做出——声明的

活动”及纸牌游戏做比较，根据上一句的句意及本句中的lesshkc...andmorelike...

两个比较结构，可以推断pokergame在句中是贬义的，而空白处的形1容词应为

一个褒义词，因此答案为iruthful。truthfulstatements意为“真实声明”。

4、[C4]

标准答案：M

知识点解析：由前面的tryto可知此处为动词原形。根据.上一段中的expecttobe

lied及本句提到的pokergame等词可以判断本题答案为deceive©

5、[C51

标准答案：0

知识点解析：此处应为副词，修饰justified的程度c根据上文提到的有时政客说谎

是必须的，及本句提到的Uiepublicevenhasalrighttobeliedk）“，可以推断这人程

度副词是entirelyo

6、[C6]

标准答案：N

知识点解析：此处应为名词，可与at搭配，作is的表语。在词库中可以与at搭配

的名词只有riskowhennationalsecurityisatrisk意为“当国家安全处于危险中的时

候”。

7、[C7]

标准答案：L

知识点解析：此处应为名词或动名词，可与into搭配。根据上下文的意思，在词

库中只有probing最合适。probinginto…意为”对...的调查”。注意区别本句中

increased的词性，因为主语themaincause不可能“增长”,故increased在此不是动

词谓语，而是过去分词作形容词修饰空白处的名词。

8、[C81

标准答案：A

知识点解析：此处应为副词，修饰lie。根据BillClinton和MonicaLewinsky这些

名词及他们的事件，可以推断该词应为famouslyo

9、[C9]

标准答案：H

知识点解析：此处应为名词，而且是复数。根据本句的句意，可以推断空白处的单

词应与本句说到BillClinton的事件有关，而且此处的lieabouttheir与前一

个分句BillClintonliedabouthisaffair结构相同，因此答案是affairs一词。

10、[CIO]

标准答案：F

知识点解析：此处应为名词，与colleagues并列，都是表示某种人，只有

journalists适合。

二、长篇阅读(本题共10题，每题1.0分，共70分。)

TheLostArtofListeningA)"Whywon'theevenlistentomyidea?""WhyamIcutoff

beforeIprovidethewholestory?"Howmanytimeshaveyoubeenfrustratedbysomeone

notlisteningtowhatyouhavetosay?Howmanytimeshaveyoufrustratedothersbynot

listeningtothem?Wetendtothinkthatlisteningisthesameashearing;butlisteningis

theartofbeingalerttotheproblemsofthepersonyouarewith.Problemscausedbynot

listeningcanbeserious,notonlyatwork,butalsowithfamilyandfriends.Manytimes

wejumpintosaywhat'sonourmindsbeforewe'veevenacknowledgedwhattheother

personhassaid,shortcircuitingthepossibilityofmutualunderstanding.Speaking

withoutlistening,hearingwithoutunderstanding.Infactwe'reoftenbaffledand

dismayedbythefeelingofbeingleftsittingaroundinthedark.B)Effectivemanagersare

proactive(主动的)listeners.Theydon'twaitformembersoftheirstafftocometothem;

theymakeanactiveefforttofindoutwhatpeoplethinkandfeelbyaskingthem.The

managerwhomeetsfrequentlywithstaffmemberskeepsinformedand,evenmore

importantly,communicatesinterestinthepeoplethemselves.Anopen-doorpolicyallows

access,butitdoesn'tsubstituteforanactivecampaignofreachingoutandlisteningto

people.Themanagerwhodoesn'taskquestionscommunicatesthatheorshedoesn*tcare.

Andifheorshedoesn'tlisten,themessageis"I'mnotthereforyou."Evenifamanager

decidesnottofollowasubordinate'ssuggestion,listeningwithsincereinterestconveys

respectandmakestheemployeefeelappreciated.C)Communicatingbymemoorc-

mail—howeverwittyorinformal—isnotsubstituteforpersonalcontact,becauseitcloses

offthechancetolisten.Simplygoingthroughthemotionsofmeetingwithpeopledoesn't

workeither.Thefakelistenerdoesn'tfoolanyone.Pooreyecontact,shufflingfeet,busy

hands,andmeaninglessreplies,like"That'sinteresting"and"Isthatright?"givethem

away.Theinsincerelistener'slackofinterestintheconversationbetraysalarger

problem:lackofinterestinthepersonwithwhomthelisteneriscommunicating.D)Most

peopledon'tlistenwiththeintenttounderstand;theylistenwiththeintenttoreply.Even

atwork,whereperformancetakespriorityoverrelationships,listeningcarefullyto

understandtheotherperson'spointofview—beforeyoueventhinkaboutreplying—is

thekeytoproductivecommunication.Effectivemanagersdeveloparoutineinwhich

communicationtimeisanintegralpartofthejob.Theymeetwiththeirstaffandask

questions.Theydon'treactbeforegatheringallthefacts.Iftheydon'tknowwhattheir

peoplearethinkingandfeeling,theyask-andtheylisten.E)Whenwedon'tfeelheard

byoursuperiors,fewofusgiveuprightaway.Wewritememos,weasktomeetwith

them,wetrytocommunicateourneedsandconveyourpointsofview.Thenwegiveup.

Frequently,wccomplaintoourcoworkersandourfamilyandfriends.Ventingfeelings

offrustrationwiththirdpartiesratherthanaddressingconflictsattheirsourcecantakeon

epidemicproportionsinv/orksettings.Sometimesittakestheformofgossip,running

downsomeonewho'snotpresent.F)But,someofyoumightbethinking,mybossreally

isinsensitive.I'vetriedtotalktohim,andhejustdoesn'tlisten.Themistakepeoplemake

intryingtogetthroughtounreceptivesuperiorsisthesamemistakemostofusmakein

dealingwiththedifficultpeopleinourlives:wetrytochangethem.Andwhenthat

doesn'twork,wegiveup.Instead,startbyexaminingyourownexpectations.Whatdo

youwantandhowarcyouprogrammedtogoaboutgettingit?Arcyouexpectingtohave

yourpersonalneedsmetatwork?Doyouworkhardandwaitpatientlytorthebosstotell

youthatyou'redoingagreatjob,likeagoodlittleboyorgirl?G)listeningisimportantat

workbecauseitenablespeopletounderstandeachother,getalongandgetthejobdone.

Butdon'tgettoopersonal.Don'tletyourcompassionallowsomeonetotalkabouttheir

personalproblems,whichisinterferingwithwork.Thismaybehappeningifyou'rethe

onlypersonhetalksto.Agoodsupervisorkeepschannelsofcommunicationopen—and

keepsthemfocusedonthetaskathand—byaskingforfrequentfeedbackabouthow

thingsaregoing(onthejob)."Whatdoyoulikeanddislikesofaraboutworkinghere?1'

"Isthereanythingyouthinkweshouldchangetomakethingssmoother?"H)Remember

thatitcanbeintimidatingforsubordinatestogivecriticismormakesuggestions.Ifyou

wantthemtofeelsafeenoughtoopenup,reassurethemthatyouappreciatetheirideas.

"I'mgladyouspokeup.""Thanksforlettingmeknow.""Ididn'trealize...I'mgladyou

toldme."Listeningtothepeopleweworkwithisn'tthesameasbecomingfriendswith

them.Manypeopleworr)'thatifwcallowourselvestogetpersonalattheworkplace,

thingsmightgetsticky.Butthosewhothinkthateffectiveteamworkisn'taboutlistening

(it'saboutgettingthingsdone)arewrong.Withoutbeingheardwearediminished,as

workersandaspeople.I)Keepinmindthedifferencebetweendissent(异议)and

defiance(拟匕衅).Defiancemeansattackingtheotherperson'spositionandmakinghim

wrong.Dissentmeanshavingthecouragetostandupfbrwhatyouthinkandfeel.It'sthe

differencebetweensaying"You'rewrong"and"ThisishowIfeel.'1Clearly,adissenting

messageismucheasiertohearthanadefiantone.Thelistenerismorewillingand

interestedinhearingadissenter'sobjection.Someonewhohearsadefiantobjectionwill

tendtoeitherignorethecommentorberudelycounter-defiant.Thisisacommon

problemthattendstoincreasebarriersbetweenpeople,somethingyoudon'twantina

workenvironmentwhereteamworkisnecessary.Carefullisteningisdifficultandtakes

practicetoimprove.Tryhardertounderstandtheotherperson'sperspective.

11、Personalcontactcanneverbereplacedbycommunicatingthroughmemoore-mail

whichmightbewittyorinformal.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：根据题目中的willy和informal可以定位到C段。该句提到，通过备

忘录或电子邮件耒沟通，不管多么有趣或轻松，始终不能代替私下的交流，题日信

息与此相符，故选C。

12、Ifanemployeewantstocommunicatewithanunreceptivesuperior,heshouldnot

trytochangetheboss.

标准答案：F

知识点解析：根据题目的unreceptivesuperiors可定位至F段。该段第3句提到，雇

员在跟不包容的上司沟通时犯的错误：试图改变他们，意即雇员不应该试图改变不

包容的老板，题目信息与此相符，故选F。

13、Effectivemanagersmakeanactiveefforttokeepinformedofwhatastaffmember

thinks.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：根据关键词Effectivemanagers及makeanactiveeffort定位至ljB段，

该段笫2句就表明卓有成效的经理人不会等着员工找上门来，而是主动采取行动，

故选B。

14、Ilisnotallowedlotalkaboutpersonalproblemsatwork,becauseitinterfereswith

work.

标准答案：G

知识点解析：根据personal及interfere等词可以定位到G段。该段第3句提到，不

要因同情心使别人向你诉说他们的个人问题，这会影响工作，题目信息与此相符，

故选G。

15^Thesaying"ThisishowIfeel"canbeclassifiedasadissentingmessage.

标准答案：I-「「

知识点解析：根据题目关键信息“ThisishowIfeel.”定位到I段。该段的第2句和

第3句分别解释了defiance和dissent的含义，并在第4句举例说明dissent和

defiance的区别，只要理解了这几句，就不难选出1。

16、Itisusefultosendthemessagetothesubordinatethattheirideaswouldbe

appreciatedbecauseitcanletthemfeelsafetoopenup.

标准答案：H

知识点解析；根据题H的apprcciated,fedsafe可定位到H段，该段第2句表示如

果想让员工放心表达意见，就要让他们相信你赞赏他们的想法，题目信息与此相

符,故选H。

17、Whenwedon'tfeelheardbyoursuperiors,mostofuswon'tgiveupimmediately.

标准答案：E

知识点解析：根据题目的don'tfeelheardbyoursuperiors可定位至E段。该段第1

句的When从句与题目前半句相符，而题1=1中的mostofuswon't与原文的fewof

us的同义，故选E。

18、Thekeytoproductivecommunicationistolistenwiththeintenttounderstand.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：根据题目的Thekeytoproductivecommunication可定位到D段。该段

第2句破折号之后的内容表示理解地倾听别人的观点是有效沟通的关键所在，题目

信息与此相同。

19、Differentfromhearing,listeningistheartofbeingalerltotheproblemsofthoseyou

arewith.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题谈到倾听和听见的差别，提及此话题的是A段。该段第5句的

bul提示，倾听和听见有差别，此外结合句意：倾听是一种对你身边人的问题保持

敏感的艺术，可确定选A。

20、Agoodsupervisorfrequentlyasksforfeedbackabouthowthingsarcgoingsothat

hecankeepchannelsofcommunicationopen.

标准答案：G

知识点解析：根据信息点channelsofcommunicationopen定位到G段。该段第5句

提到，好的上司懂得保夺沟通渠道的畅通，通过提问得到随时反馈，从而知道工作

的进展情况，题目信息与此相符，故选G。

三、仔细阅读（本题共70题，每题7.0分，共10分。）

Forthousandsofyears,peoplethoughtofglassassomethingbeautifultolookat.Only

recentlyhavetheycometothinkofitassomethingtolookthrough.Storesdisplaytheir

goodsinlargeglasswindows.Glassbottlesandjarsthatholdfoodanddrinkallowusto

seethecontents.Glassisusedtomakeeyeglasses,microscopes,telescopes,andmany

otherextremelyusefulandnecessaryobjects.UntiltheSecondWorldWar,mostofthe

glassusedforopticalinstrumentswasimportedfromEurope.However,duringthewar

AmericanscouldnotgetEuropeanglass,andtheywereforcedtomaketheirown.Asa

result,newkindsofglassesweredevelopedthathadbeenpreviouslyunknown.These

neweffectswereachievedbymixingotherchemicalelementswiththesand.Someof

thesenewglassesareverystrongandcanresistmanykindsofshocks.Legendhasitthat

averyhardglasswasinventedbyaRomanwhoshowedhisdiscoverytotheEmperor.

WhentheEmperorsawtheglasshefearedthatitwouldbecomemorevaluablethangold

andsilver,makinghistreasureworthless.Therefore,hehadtheglassmakerkilled,and

thesecretwasnotdiscoveredagainforhundredsofyears.Inthepresentcentury,safety

glasswasinventedforuseinmoderncarsandplanes.Safetyglassismadebyplacinga

layerofplasticbetweentwolayersofplateglass.Whentheoutsidelayerofglassis

broken,thepiecesdonotscatterandinjurepeople.Someglassofthistypeisstrong

enoughtoresistbullets.Althoughinrecentyearsplasticshavereplacedglassunder

conditionswhereglassmightbeeasilybroken,therearenewusesbeingdeveloped,for

thegreatestadvantageofglassisthatitscomponentpartsareinexpensiveandcanbe

foundallovertheworld.

21、Withthepassageoftime,glass.

A、isregardedastransparent

B、isnolongerseenasdecoration

C、isusedtomakethingslookpleasant

D、iswidelyusedtoreplacesteelinmakingcontainers

标准答案：B

知识点解析：推理判断题。本题考查倒装句的理解。从文章第2句的开头only

recently可知第1句和第2句是对比关系：现在的情况与以前不一样了，因此B为

正确选项。选项A是对原文第2句话的曲解，虽然这句话中说到的玻璃现在被视

somethingtolookthrough,但是，这句话要强调的并不是到现在人们才发现玻璃

是透明的，而是要强调玻璃可以被用作工具，透过它去看别的东西。选项C中的

lookpleasant和选项D在文中都没有提到。

22、WhydidAmericansmaketheirownglassduring(heSecondWorldWar?

A、Thewarblockedthewayofglassimport.

B、1heyrefusedtousetheEuropeanglass.

C、TheglassmadeinEuropewasoutofdate.

D、Theywereabletomakeanewkindofglass.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：推理判断题。从第2段的第1、2句可以看出，二战前美国从欧洲进

口玻璃，而战时却不能从欧洲进口玻璃，也就是说，进口玻璃的渠道应是被战争中

断了，因此答案应为选项A。选项D是不能进口玻璃的结果，而不是原因。其余

两项都没有原文依据。

23,Bytellingthelegend,theauthorwantsto.

A、provethattheRomanwasthefirstinventorofhardglass

B、supportthattheAmericanswereascleverastheRomans

C>givesomeinterestinginformationabouthardglass

D、provideahistoricaleventconcernedwithhardglass

标准答案：C

知识点解析：推理判断题。本题考查例子与主题的关系。作者引用传说，只是为了

使文章读起来更有趣。这是一个传说，不一定是真实的，因此，它不能被视为选项

D所提及的历史事件，也不能证明是罗马人第一个发明坚固的玻璃，所以选项A

也是不对的°选项B与本段内容无关，本段主要说明了美国人开发出新的玻璃制

品的来由，并无说明美国人聪明之意。

24>AllofthefollowingconcerningthesafetyglassarediscussedinthetextEXCEPT

A、itsuses

B>itsstrength

C、itsstructure

D^itslimitations

标准答案：D

知识点解析：推理判断题。本题考食列举处，用排除法可以找出答案。第3段中除

选项D外，选项A可从第1句推断，选项B可从最后一句推断，选项C可从第2

句推断。

25、Newusesofglassarebeingdevelopedonthegroundthat.

A、glassisnotassaleasplastics

B、glassisnotasstronganddurableasplastics

C^glassiseasilyobtainableandinexpensive

D、glassismoreandmorewidelyused

标准答案：c

知识点解析：推理判断题。本题解题的关键在于注意最后一段中的“therearenew

usesbeingdeveloped,fbr…”，这里表明了一对因果关系，for后面引出不断研发玻

璃新用途的原因，由此可见，本题正确选项应为C,选项A和B中提到的玻璃的

缺点虽在现实中也是有可能的，但文中并无字句说明因为这些缺点向要不断研发玻

璃的新用途。

TheEskimoshavedevelopedacapacitytolivepeacefullywithoneanother.Theyhave

nothadastrictsystemoflandownership,oneoftheuniversalcausesofconflict.They

haveevolvedasystemoffood-sharingamongfamiliesthatmakesthepreservationoflife

possible.Theabsolutenecessityofcreatingthissafeguardagainststarvationhas

strengthenedbondsbetweenneighbors.AlmosteverytravelerhasnotedtheEskimos'

friendlinessandgoodhumortowardstrangersandamongthemselves.Inacountrywhere

agricultureisimpossibletheyhavebeenforcedtospendtheirenergiesinfood-gathering

ratherthanwarfare.Ifonefamilydisagreedwithanother,theusualsolutionwasfor（hat

familyiopickupitsfewpossessionsandgoelsewhere.Inihevastunusedland,moving

presentedalmostnoproblem.Thepracticeofinfanticide,andsuicideamongtheold

people,seemstohavebeenafactorofsurvivalintimesoffoodscarcity.Thesizeofthe

familywascontrolledtosomeextentbytheabilityofthefatherasahunterandbythe

abundanceofgame（猎物）inthearea.Marriagewasaveryseriousandlifelongbond

amongEskimos;inordertochooseapermanentandcompatiblemateanumberoftrial

marriageswerepermitted,eachlastingperhapshalfayear.Duringthetrialperioda

coupleusuallylivedwiththegirl'sparentsandtheyoungmanhuntedexclusivelyforhis

futurefather-in-law.Ifachildwasbornasaresultofanunsuccessfultrialmarriageit

wasadoptedbyrelativesorfriends.Childrenareoftengivenoutforadoptioninthe

Eskimossocietyandarceagerlyadoptedbyotherfamilies,fortheEskimos'campand

nomad（游牧民族的）grouprepresentakindofextendedfamily.Polygamy（一夫多妻

制）wasoccasionallypracticedbythemostsuccessfulhunters,butusuallytoprotecta

widoworagirlwhohadlostherfather.

26、TheEskimoslivepeacefullywithoneanotherbecauseof.

A^theirsystemoflandownership

B、theirsystemoffood-sharing

C、thedevelopmentofagriculture

D^theirloveformoving

标准答案：B

知识点解析：事实细节题。本题可用排除法找出答案。选项A与第1段第2句相

悖：选项C与该段倒数第3句不符；选项D歪曲了原文：最后两句提到爱斯基摩

人为避免矛盾会迁居异处，但这并不表明他们常常爱搬家。选项B可从第3句找

到。

27、Theauthor'sattitudetoinfanticidecanbebestdescribedas.

A^critical

B、horrified

C、understanding

D、favorable

标准答案：C

知识点解析：观点态度题。第2段第1句表明作者认为杀婴是为了生存，而句中的

seemto表明了作者对杀婴没有过激的反应，所以应是选项C（理解的）。文中没有使

用任何反面的字眼表示选项A（批评的）或选项B（毛骨悚然的），但也没有热情洋溢

的字眼表示选项D（赞成的）。

28、WhichofthefollowingistrueofanEskimofamily?

A、Themoresuccessfulahunterwas,thebiggerhisfamilywouldbe.

B、Themoresuccessfulahunterwas,themorewiveshewouldmarry.

C^Themoresuccessfulahunterwas,themoreprobablehewouldmarryawidow.

D、Themoresuccessfulahunterwas,themoreprobablehiswifewasafatherlessgirl.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：推理判断题。根据第2段最后一句可推断选项A合乎原文。选项

B、C、D考查的都是对本段最后一句话的理解，但都是对原文的曲解。

29、ItcanbeinferredabouttheEskimomarriagethat.

A、trialmarriagewaspermittedonlyonceinone'slifetime

BNyoungcoupleslivedbythemselvesduringthetrialperiod

C、childrenoutoftrialmarriagewouldbegiventoothers

D、divorcewasnotacceptedbytheEskimos

标准答案：D

知识点解析：事实细节题。最后一段第一句说婚姻是lifelong,由此可推断爱斯基

摩人对离婚持否定态度。选项A与该段第1句中的anumberoftrialmarriageswere

peimitted不符；选项B与该段第2句不符；选项C与第3句不符，文中指出如果

试婚失败（anunsuccessfultrialmarriage）,试婚期间所生的小孩会由别人收养，并不

如选项C中所述所有试婚期间所生的小孩都会送由别人收养。

30、Itisimpliedbytheauthorthat.

A、theEskimofathersplaytheroleofbreadwinner

B、theEskimochildrenarenotcherishedbytheirparents

C、whentheEskimosgrowold,theyusuallykillthemselves

D、theEskimoswillretaintheirwayoflife

标准答案：A

知识点解析：推理判断题。根据第2段第2句可推断出选项A。文章提到爱斯基摩

人会杀死婴儿，老人也会自杀，小孩通常送给他人收养，但这些都是在食物匮乏时

出于生存的需要，所以选项B和C不对。文章谈到了爱斯基摩人的性格特点以及

过去的一些风俗，但没有提及是否会继续这样生活下去，因此可排除选项D。

大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试

卷第2套

一、词汇理解（本题共10题，每题1.0分，共10分。）

Unlessmeasuresaretakenatonce,thereisapossibilitythatalltheoceansoftheworld

willbedeadbythenextcentury.Howcanthispossiblyhappen?Wehavealreadyseen

thatpeople[Cl]allkindsofwasteproductstobethrownintotheseaItis

almost[C2]tomeasurehowmuchindustrialwasteendsupinouroceans,but

wccan[C3]howmuchoilispouredintothemaccordingtothelawandagainst

thelaw.Itisagainstthelawtopouroilintothesea[C4]totheshore,butwhen

ashipismanymilesouttotheseatherearenosuch[C5].Estimateofthe

amountofoilpouredinEuropeanWaters[C6]isabout200,000tonsevery

year.Somepeoplesaythe[C7]couldbetentimesashigharoundtheworld.It

isnotonlyour[C8]thatsufferfromoilpollution.Amongotherthings,many

fishnowcontainveryhighamountsof[C9]substances.Nexttimeyouhavefish

tocat,howcanyoubesurethattheyarcfreefromoilpollution?Youcannotsecthe

[CIO]andyoucannottastethem,either.Itisreallyquiteaproblem.Nearlyall

ofthecountriesaretryinghardtopreventandcontroloilpollution.Wehopethattheday

willsooncomewhenfishwillbefreefromoilpollution.A.limitationsB.seashoresC.

allowD.invadeE.closeF.poisonousG.afterwardsH.agendaI.editJ.figureK.

impossibleL.aloneM.effectsN.calculateO.extensive

1、[Cl]

标准答案：C

知识点解析：此处应为及物动词充当谓语成分。根据上下文的意思“人们各

种各样的废物被扔进大海“，只有allow（允许）最合适。

2、[C2]

标准答案：K

知识点解析：此处应为形容词，可与io搭配，与is构成本句谓语。上一句提到的

扔进大海的废物是allkinds,因此可推断tomeasurehowmuch是很难或不可能的，

词库中只有impossible最合适。

3、[C3]

标准答案：N

知识点解析：此处应为动词原形。根据but一词表示的转折关系，可以推断空白处

的动词应与前面分句中的measure一词近义，因此答案为calculaie。

4、[C4]

标准答案：E

知识点解析：此处应为形容词，与I。theshore构成thesea的后置定语。根据本句

中but引出的转折分句及其中的manymilesouttothesea,可以推断空白处与其意

思相反，因此答案为close。

5、[C5]

标准答案:A

知识点解析：此处应为名词。比较该分句与前一分句的内容，可以推断空白处的单

词应与前面分旬中的【helaw意思相近，因此limitations为正确答案。

6、[C6]

标准答案：L

知识点解析：此处应为副词。根据上下文，该副词应涉及倾倒废油的范围，因此答

案为alone。

7、[C7]

标准答案：J

知识点解析：此处应为名词。联系上一句提到欧洲水域石油的倾泄量及本句中的

tentimesashigharoundtheworld,可以推断figure最合适。

8、[C8]

标准答案：B

知识点解析：此处应为名词。本句是对上一段的总结，起到承上启下的作用。因此

seashores是本题答案。

9、[C9]

标准答案：F

知识点解析：此处应为形容词。联系下一句的oilpollution,可以推断该形容词应

表示消极意义。因此答案为poisonous。

10、[CIO]

标准答案：M

知识点解析：此处应为名词。上下文提到我们不能知道鱼是否有毒，我们既无从知

道吃这种鱼的后果，也不能去吃这种鱼以确定它是否有毒，由此可见，effects最合

适。

二、长篇阅读（本题共10题，每题1.0分，共10分。）

HowAdvcrliscinunlIsDune?A）Whcnwcchooseawordwcdumureihungive

information;wealsoexpressourfeelingsaboutwhateverwe'redescribing.Wordspoint

tofactsbutoftenlinkthesetoattitudesatthesametime;theycanalsoaffectthebeliefs

andattitudesofotherpeople.Thesetworemarksareinuchthesame-orarethey?What's

thespeaker'sfeelingtowardsthesamedogineachcase?Andhowwouldthedifferent

descriptionsaffectthelisteners?Herecomesthatpet.Herecomesthatdog.Thefactthat

wordscanwOrklikethisisimportantandvaluable,foritaddsarichnesstoour

communicationwithoneanother.Advertisersmakeuseofitinanumberofways.B)Thc

manufacturerneedsanamethatwilldomorethanjustlabel:hewantsanamethatbrings

suitableassociationsaswell-theideasthatthewordbringstothemindwillhelpsellthe

product.Ifallwereavailablealthesameprice,whichcoatorsuitwouldyouchoosefrom

thisrangeofshades-DarkTan,Brown,MudBrown?Whichoftheseshadesofeye­

show一BlackDiamond,Black,Coaldust?C)Becausewordshavetheseassociations,the

advertiserisverycarefulaboutthewayhedescribeshisproductandwhatitwilldo.

Almosteveryadvertisementhascertainkeywords(sometimes,butnotalways,inboldor

largeletters,orbeginningwithacapitallcttcr)thatarcintendedtobepersuasive,whileat

thesametimeappearingtobeinformative.It'sdifficultenoughsimplytodescribewhata

thingisandhowinwords,especiallyinafewwords,butthewriterswhowriteforthe

advertisementsalsotryloincludefeelings,associationsandattitudes.Somewordsseem

tohavebeensosuccessfulinsellingthattheadvertisersusethemalmostasiftheywere

magickeytoacertainsale.Howoften,forinstance,haveyoucomeacrosstheword

"golden"inadvertisements?D)Onethingremindsusofanother—especiallyifweoften

secthemtogether.Thesercmindcrs(callcd"associations")arcsometimesmoreimaginary

thanreal:formanypeoplearobinsuggestsChristmas,forotherssilvercandlesticks

suggestwealthThetricksoftheadvertisingbusinesswehavesofardescribedareall

examplesoftheadvertiserencouragingustoassociateproductswiththosethingshe

thinkswereallywant—agoodjob,niceclothes,asportcar,abeautifulgirlfriend—

perhapsmostofallafeelingofimportance.The"image"ofaproductisbasedonthese

associations,andtheadvertiseroftencreatesa"goodimage"byshowingussomeone

whouseshisproductandwholeadsthekindoflifeweshouldliketolead.Webuynot

justtheproductbutthesenseofimportancethatgoeswithitWcdrinkCoca-Colanotjust

forthetaste,butbecausewewouldliketobethoughtofasbeingasgayastheenergetic

peoplewhodrinkitintheads.E)Inthisageofmoonflights,hearttransplantsandwonder

drugs,weareallimpressedbyscience.Ifanadvertiserlinkshisclaimwithascientific

fact,thereisevenachancewecanbeblindedbyscience.Thequestionissimplywhether

theimpressiveairofthenewdiscoveryorthe"man-mademiracle"isbeingusedtohelp

orjusttodeceivens.Anothermethodofpersuasionistocallupguiltyfeelings,for

exampletoimplythatanymotherwhoreallylovesherchildrenusesacertainproduct.If

Mrs.Graydoesnotuseit.shemightstarttothinkofherselfasabadmotherwhodoes

notloveherfamily.Soshemightgoandbuythatparticularproduct,ratherthangoon

feelingguilty.F)Someproductsareadvertisedashavingaremarkableandimmediate

effect.Weareshownthesituationbeforeusingtheproductandthisiscontrastedwiththe

situationthatfollowsitsuse.Haveyounoticedanythingabouttheseadvertisements?

Takingatabletforaheadacheinsuchadvertisementscanhavetrulyremarkableresults.

Fornotonlyhastheheadachegone,thepersonconcernedhasoftenhadanewhair-do,

requiredanewsetofclothesandsometimesevenmovedintoamoremodern,better

furnishedhouse.Whatsplendidvalueforafewpence!G)Weareoftenencouragedto

believenowadaysthat,becausesomeonehasbeensuccessfulinonefield,heshouldbe

regardedasanauthorityinotherfields.Howtrueisthislikelytobe?Theadvertiser

knowsthattherearecertainpeoplewhomweadmirebecausetheyarefamou