2025年高考英语一轮复习选择性必修第二册讲义（新人教版）

Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意1．choleran．霍乱2．diarrhoean．腹泻3．dehydrationn．脱水4．contradictoryadj.相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的5．germn．微生物；细菌；病菌6．pumpn．泵；抽水机；打气筒7．waterpump水泵8．householdn．一家人；家庭；同住一所(套)房子的人9．rawadj.未煮的；生的；未经处理的；原始的10．statisticn．[pl.-s]统计数字；统计资料；统计学11．epidemiologyn．流行病学12．microscopen．显微镜13．proteinn．蛋白质14．celln．细胞；小房间；单间牢房15．virusn．病毒16．vaccinen．疫苗17．frameworkn．框架；结构18．theoreticalframework理论框架19．rainbown．彩虹20．concreten．混凝土adj.混凝土制的；确实的；具体的21．plasman．血浆22．aerospacen．航空航天工业23．patrioticadj.爱国的24．mechanicaladj.机械的；发动机的；机器的25．mechanicn．机械师；机械修理工26．aviationn．航空制造业；航空；飞行27．jetn．喷气式飞机28．missilen．导弹29．astronomern．天文学家30．astronomyn．天文学31．telescopen．望远镜Ⅱ.重点单词——记形1．severeadj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的2．subscribevi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)3．suspectvt.&vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任n．犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象4．blamevt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责n．责备；指责5．handlen．把手；拉手；柄vt.处理；搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)6．linkn．联系；纽带vt.把……连接起来；相关联7．substantialadj.大量的；价值巨大的；重大的8．decreasen．减少；降低；减少量vt.&vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低9．transformvt.使改观；使改变形态vi.改变；转变10．thinkingn．思想；思维；见解11．findingn．发现；调查结果；(法律)判决12．initialadj.最初的；开始的；第一的13．solidadj.可靠的；固体的；坚实的n．固体14．castvt.(cast，cast)投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投掷15．shadown．阴影；影子；背光处16．pourvt.倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料)17．leadershipn．领导；领导地位；领导才能18．tracevt.追溯；追踪；查出n．痕迹；遗迹；踪迹19．outstandingadj.优秀的；杰出的；明显的20．abstractadj.抽象的；理论上的n．(文献等的)摘要21．conceptn．概念；观念22．besidesprep.除……之外(还)adv.而且；此外23．brilliantadj.聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的24．furthermoreadv.此外；再者25．faultn．弱点；过错26．shiftn．改变；转换；轮班vi.&vt.转移；挪动；转向Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变1．frustratedadj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的→frustratevt.使懊恼；使沮丧→frustrationn．沮丧；懊恼；挫败2．infectionn．感染；传染→infectvt.使感染；传染→infectiousadj.感染的；传染的3．proofn．证据；证明；检验→provevt.证明linkv．证明是4．multipleadj.数量多的；多种多样的→multiplyvi.&vt.乘；成倍增加；繁殖5．interventionn．介入；出面；干涉→intervenevi.干扰；介入6．pureadj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的→purelyadv.完全地；纯粹地→purifyvt.净化；使……洁净；提纯7．defendvt.保卫；防守；辩解→defense/defencen．防御；保卫；保护8．assistantn．助理；助手→assistvt.&vi.帮助；协助→assistancen．帮助；协助；援助9．giftedadj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的→giftn．礼物；天赋10．steadyadj.稳定的；平稳的；稳步的→steadilyadv.稳定地；持续地11．vividadj.生动的；鲜明的；丰富的→vividlyadv.生动地；逼真地；鲜明地1．have...atheart把……放在心上；热心于做某事2．keep...ontrack使……做法对路3．counton信赖；依靠；指望4．betray/bI'treI/vt.背叛；出卖；流露5．stickupto支持；捍卫6．nurture/'nɜːtʃə(r)/vt.培育；养育7．undertaking/ˌʌndə'teIkIŋ/n．任务；事业8．dwell/dwel/vi.居住；栖身dwellon老是想着或唠叨某事(尤指令人不愉快之事)9．inform/In'fɔːm/vt.知会；通知；报告10．parallel/'pærəlel/adj.对应的；平行的Ⅳ.背核心短语1．onceandforall最终地；彻底地2．subscribeto同意；赞同3．thanksto幸亏；由于4．breakout(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发5．inchargeof主管；掌管6．comedownwith患(病)；染上(小病)7．aboveall最重要的是；尤其是8．diefrom/of死于9．intime及时；迟早10．belikelytodosth很可能做某事Ⅴ.悟经典句式1．Cholerausedtobeoneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworld，untilaBritishdoctor，JohnSnow，showedhowitcouldbeovercome.(until引导的时间状语从句)在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。2．Hediscoveredthatintwoparticularstreetsthecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.(so...that...)他发现在两条特别的街道上，霍乱暴发是如此严重以至于十天内死了500多人。3．Snowsuspectedthatthewaterpumpwastoblame.(that引导的宾语从句)斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。4．Itseemedthatthewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.(Itseemedthat...似乎……)该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来。5．Accordingly，hehadthehandleofthepumpremovedsothatitcouldnotbeused.(havesthdone)因此，他让人把水泵的把手拆掉，这样水泵就用不成了。6．Mostpeoplearefamiliarwithimagesofhiminhiswheelchair，unabletomoveandusingacomputertotalk.(形容词短语作状语)大多数人都很熟悉他坐在轮椅上无法动弹，只能通过电脑来说话的样子。Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共10分)1．contradictoryadj.相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的2．concreten．混凝土adj.混凝土制的；确实的；具体的3．frameworkn．框架；结构4．householdn．一家人；家庭；同住一所(套)房子的人5．rawadj.未煮的；生的；未经处理的；原始的6．statisticn．[pl.-s]统计数字；统计资料；统计学7．mechanicn．机械师；机械修理工8．proteinn．蛋白质9．celln．细胞；小房间；单间牢房10．virusn．病毒Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题1.5分，共15分)1．outstandingadj.优秀的；杰出的；明显的2．subscribevi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)3．brilliantadj.聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的4．blamevt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责n．责备；指责5．handlen．把手；拉手；柄vt.处理；搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)6．linkn．联系；纽带vt.把……连接起来；相关联7．decreasen．减少；降低；减少量vt.&vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低8．transformvt.使改观；使改变形态vi.改变；转变9．castvt.投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投掷10．shiftn．改变；转换；轮班vi.&vt.转移；挪动；转向Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题2.5分，共15分)1．frustratedadj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的→frustratevt.使懊恼；使沮丧→frustrationn．沮丧；懊恼；挫败2．multipleadj.数量多的；多种多样的→multiplyvi.&vt.乘；成倍增加；繁殖3．pureadj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的→purelyadv.完全地；纯粹地→purifyvt.净化；使……洁净；提纯4．assistantn．助理；助手→assistvt.&vi.帮助；协助→assistancen．帮助；协助；援助5．vividadj.生动的；鲜明的；丰富的→vividlyadv.生动地；逼真地；鲜明地6．defendvt.保卫；防守；辩解→defense/defencen．防御；保卫；保护Ⅳ.拔高词汇(每小题1分，共5分)1．have...atheart把……放在心上；热心于做某事2．counton信赖；依靠；指望3．stickupto支持；捍卫4．betrayvt.背叛；出卖；流露5．informvt.知会；通知；报告Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题2分，共10分)1．onceandforall最终地；彻底地2．breakout(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发3．diefrom/of死于4．intime及时；迟早5．belikelytodosth很可能做某事Ⅰ.词形变化填空(每小题2.5分，共15分)1．Withsolidproof，thelawyercancertainlyprovethatheisinnocent.(prove)2．Hewasinfectedwithaninfectiousdiseaseandtheseriousinfectionlikelyclaimedhislife.(infect)3．Todefendherfrombeinghurt，Imustsaysomethinginherdefence.(defend)4．Thegiftedgirlwhoisdistributinggiftsamongthehomelesschildrenhasagiftformanyareas.(gift)5．Withsteadypolicies，thecompany’sexportshavebeenincreasingsteadily.(steady)6．Theproblemliesindecidingwhentointervene.Theinterventionwillhelpsettletheproblem.(intervene)Ⅱ.选词填空(每小题3分，共15分)eq\x(subscribeto，comedownwith，thanksto，aboveall，inchargeof)1．Unfortunately，thepoorboycamedownwithasevereillness，whichwasdifficulttocure.2．AllthepeoplesubscribetothefactthatChangbaishanishometoagreatdiversityofrareplantsandanimals.3．I’dliketobuyahouse—modern，comfortableand，aboveallinaquietneighbourhood.4．CouldIspeaktowhoeverisinchargeofInternationalSalesplease?5．Thankstohishelp，myspeechwassosuccessfulthateveryonecheeredforme.Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题3分，共15分)1．我会等到他来帮我。(until引导的时间状语从句)Iwillwaituntilhecometomyassistance.2．我认为我从读英文报Youth中获益良多。(that引导的宾语从句)IthinkthatIhavebenefitedalotfromreadingtheEnglishnewspaperYouth.3．似乎我们很难解出这个数学题。(Itseemedthat...)Itseemedthatwehadgreatdifficultysolvingthemathproblem.4．我是如此害怕以至于我在马背上大声地尖叫。(so...that...)IwassofrightenedthatIscreamedatthetopofmyvoiceonthebackofthehorse.5．他吓得要死，不能挪动一步。(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)(形容词短语作状语)Hewasfrightenedtodeath，unabletomoveaninch.Sincetheseverediseasebrokeout，manypeopleallovertheworld1.havebeeninfected(infect)．Thespecialistsinepidemiologywhoareoutstanding，giftedandpatrioticalongwiththeirassistantshavebeen2.inchargeoftracingthesourceofthevirusinordertodefendmorepeoplefrom3.beingkilled(kill)．Theydesiredtoproducevaccinetohandlethedeadlydiseaseonceandforall.Initially，withconcreteproofcollected，theysuspectedthatwildbatswere4.toblame(blame)．Butbyobservingtheviruswithmicroscopes，theygatheredsolidandmultiplestatisticsandmasteredtheframeworkofthevirus，which5.gradually(gradual)transformedtheirinitialcontradictorythinking.Allthefindingsmadethemsubscribetotheideathattheviruswasnotdirectlylinkedtothebats，whichmadethebrilliantexperts6.frustrated(frustrate)．Thisalsocastashadowontheexperts，sotheyhadtoshifttowards7.howtopreventthevirusfromspreadingamongpeople.Aboveall，thelesswegoout，thelesslikelywewillcomedownwiththedeadlydisease.Furthermore，takinginmoreproteinandeatingmorevegetablesaregood8.choices(choose)aswell.Lastbutnotleast，whatweshoulddoisthatwemustwearmasksoutdoors.Thankstotheseinterventions，thethreatofthediseasesawasubstantialdecrease.Thediseasehastaughtustoleadahealthylifesuchasdrinkingpureorboiledwater9.andavoidingrawfoods.Mostimportantly，weshouldhavefaithinourgovernment，under10.whoseleadership，wehaveachievedsteadysuccess.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇blamevt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责n．指责；责备·betoblame(forsth)(对某事)负有责任，应受责备blamesbforsth因某事责备某人；把某事归咎于某人blamesthonsb/sth把某事归咎于某人/某事·take/bear/shouldertheblame(forsth)承担(……的)过错/责任put/place/laytheblame(forsth)onsb把(……的)责任推给某人(1)Thesebiasedperspectivescannotbeblamedononesinglecause.(2023·北京)(2)老实说，你不应该把失败完全归咎于你的搭档。毕竟，你也应该为此负责。Tobehonest，youshouldnotcompletelyblamethefailureonyourpartner.Afterall，youshouldalsobetoblame/take/bear/shouldertheblameforit.(3)由于被指责考试没考好，女孩忍不住掩面痛哭。(读后续写之情绪描写)Blamedfornotperformingwellintheexamination，thegirlcouldn’thelpcryingbitterly，buryingherfaceinherhands.decreasevt.&vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低n．减少；降低；减少量·decrease(from...)to...(从……)减少到……decreaseby...降低了……decreasein...在……方面减少/减小/下降·onthedecrease在减少adecreaseof...(in...)(在……方面)……的减少量(1)Thankstothegovernment’stimelyintervention，thenumberofpeopleaffectedbythediseasehasdecreasedtothreehundred.(2)Accordingtoareport，therehasbeenadecreaseofnearly6%inthenumberofvisitorstothemuseum.(3)据报道，由于智能手机的问世，看杂志的人数在减少。Itisreportedthatasaresultoftheappearanceofsmartphonesthenumberofpeoplewhoreadmagazinesisonthedecrease/isdecreasing.defendvt.保卫；防守；辩解[defenc(s)en．防御；保卫；保护]·defend...against/from(doing...)保护……免受……defendoneself自卫；为自己辩护·indefence(of)保护；为了保卫；(为……)辩护inone’sdefence为某人辩护(1)Facedwiththeseveredisaster，thegovernmentfirmlypromisedtodefenditspeopleagainst/frombeingharmed.(2)Theassistantsteppedbackappearingfrightenedandputupherhandsasifindefence(defend)．(3)看到这条凶猛的蛇，他像箭一样冲过去保护儿子。(读后续写之肢体动作描写)Seeingthefiercesnake，herushedtodefendhissonlikeanarrow/herushedindefenceofhisson/inhisson’sdefencelikeanarrow.aboveall最重要的是；尤其是afterall毕竟；终究firstofall首先；第一allinall整体说来；总而言之inall全部；合计atall(否定句)一点也，完全；(疑问句)到底；究竟用all的相关短语填空(1)LearningthatyouarecomingtoBeijingLanguageandCultureUniversityasanexchangestudent，Iamwritingtogiveyousomesuggestions.Firstofall，you’dbetterlearnsomebasicChinesebeforeyoucome.Afterall，youwillbeundercompletelyunfamiliarcircumstances.Secondly，youshouldbeoutgoing，activeandconfident.Aboveall，youshouldbeoptimistic，whichcanhelpyouadapttothenewsurroundingseasily.Allinall，studyingforadegreeinadifferentcultureisnoteasyatall.(应用文写作之建议信)(2)Thankstoyourtimelyandgeneroushelp，Imanagedtohandlethefourproblemsinall.until引导的时间状语从句Cholerausedtobeoneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworld，untilaBritishdoctor，JohnSnow，showedhowitcouldbeovercome.在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。·画线部分是由until引导的时间状语从句，若主句的谓语动词是延续性的，那么主句需用肯定形式；若主句的谓语动词是非延续性的，则主句常用否定式，构成not...until...结构。·倒装结构：部分倒装“Notuntil＋时间状语从句或短语＋谓语助动词＋主语＋谓语动词”。·强调结构：Itis/wasnotuntil＋时间状语从句或短语＋that＋主句部分。(1)我将一直在农场工作直到我挣到足够的钱帮助爸爸买辆新拖拉机。IwillkeepworkingonthefarmuntilIearnenoughmoneytohelpmyfatherbuyanewtractor.(2)直到我参加了篮球队，我才意识到团队合作的重要性。①Ididn’trealizethesignificanceofteamworkuntilItookpartinthebasketballteam.(not...until...)②NotuntilItookpartinthebasketballteamdidIrealizethesignificanceofteamwork.(倒装句)③ItwasnotuntilItookpartinthebasketballteamthatIrealizedthesignificanceofteamwork.(强调句)so...that...Hediscoveredthatintwoparticularstreetsthecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.他发现在两条特别的街道上，霍乱暴发是如此严重以至于十天内死了500多人。so/such...that...引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”。·so...that...句型的常见形式：so＋adj./adv.＋that...so＋adj.＋a/an＋n.(单数)＋that...so＋many/much/few/little(少)＋n.(复数或不可数)＋that...·such...that...句型的常见形式：such＋a/an＋adj.＋n.(单数)＋that...such＋adj.＋n.(复数或不可数)＋that...·当so/such放在句首时，主句要用部分倒装语序。(1)他是如此紧张，以至于他感觉自己舌头打结，手心出汗。(读后续写之紧张心理描写)①Hewassonervousthathefelthistonguetiedandpalmssweating.②Sonervouswashethathefelthistonguetiedandpalmssweating.(用倒装句改写)(2)自学室是一个如此吸引人的地方，因此许多学生会聚集在那里，以进一步提高他们的学习水平。(2022·浙江6月，应用文写作)Theself-studyroomissoappealingaplacethat/suchanappealingplacethatmanystudentswillgathertheretofurtherimprovetheirlearninglevel.(3)你在学习上取得了如此大的进步，这次考试你一定会取得好成绩。Youhavemadesuchgreatprogressthatyouaresuretodowellinthisexam.havesthdoneAccordingly，hehadthehandleofthepumpremovedsothatitcouldnotbeused.因此，他让人把水泵的把手拆掉，这样水泵就用不成了。havesthdone使某事被做；请人做某事；主语遭遇某事havesbdosth让某人做某事havesb/sthdoingsth让某人一直做某事或让某事处于某种状态can’thavesbdoingsth不能容忍某人做某事havesthtodo有某事要做(1)我们开始帮忙摘桃子，然后让人把它们送到农民家里。(2020·全国Ⅱ，书面表达)Webegantohelppickpeachesandthenhadthemdeliveredtothefarmers’houses.(2)我很遗憾地告诉你，我将会让你退出比赛，因为我们不能容忍任何人在比赛中作弊。IregrettotellyouthatIwillhaveyouquitthecompetition，forwecan’thaveanybodycheatinginthegame.(3)我非常抱歉让你等了这么长时间，因为刚才我有一件紧急的事情要处理。(应用文写作之道歉信)Iamterriblysorryforhavingyouwaitingformeforsolong，becauseIhadanurgentthingtoattendtojustnow.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍1．handleeq\x(A.vt.处理B.vt.操纵C.n.把手D.vt.用手触、碰、拿)(1)Thewayyouhandlechopsticksisimportanttoavoidannoyingyourcompanions.(2022·全国甲)D(2)Drivingacarisnotjusthandlingcontrolsbutjudgingspeedanddistance.B(3)TeainChinawastraditionallydrunkfromcupswithouthandles.C(4)Considerturningyourtravelplanovertoatravelagentandlettinghimdouble-checkallthedetails，makesuggestions，andthenhandletheactualreservations.(2023·浙江1月)A2．subscribetoeq\x(A.订阅B.赞成；同意C.捐助)(1)Hesubscribestotheviewthatwecantacklethesevereprobleminthiswayonceandforall.B(2)Thisistheschooltheoutstandingandpatrioticscientistsubscribedtogenerouslyinthepast.C(3)UsingthemoneyIearnedintheholiday，Ihavesubscribedtomultiplemagazinesrecently.A3．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思(1)Theresearchlackssolidproof，andtherefore，itsconclusionsaredoubtful.可靠的(2)It’smyturntobeonthenightshift.班，轮班(3)Hereadthroughthepapersandmadeanabstractoftheircontents.摘要(4)Overtwentyprisonerswerecrushedintoasmalldarkcell.牢房；小房间(5)Thegovernmentneedstopumpmoremoneyintocommunitycare.大量注入Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识1．Furthermore，tabletennisissuchaninterestinggamethatpeopleallovertheworldplayit.2．Ihavetosayinhisdefencebecausehe，anhonestman，won’tstealanythinginthegrocerystore.3．Inreality，themechanicmadeaseveremistake，shifting(shift)hisweightnervouslyfromonefoottoanother.(读后续写之紧张心理描写)4．Howevergifted(gift)youare，youwon’tsucceedwithoutconstanteffortandperseverance.5．IwasovercomewithsadnessbecauseIwassuspectedofstealinghismoney.6．Suchameanwomanisshethatsheisalwaysfindingfaultwithothers，whichreallygetsusannoyed.7．Theoutstandingastronomerwhodevotedhimselftohiscareercamedownwithasevereillness.8．Ientirelybelievethatyouarenotlinkedto/withwhathappenedjustnow.9．Thankstoyourgeneroushelpandkindness，myfirstCanadatripwastransformedintoanunforgettablememory.(应用文写作之感谢信)10．Inasense，weshouldblamethepresentterribleenvironmentonhumans’over-consumption.假定你是李华，近日你校举办了以“科学之美”为主题的科学节sciencefestival。请你根据以下要点，给你的外国朋友Peter写一封信介绍该活动，内容包括：1.举办时间；2.活动内容；3.师生反响。完成句子1．我写信告诉你，上周我们学校举办了一场主题为“科学之美”的科学节，其目的是提高学生的科学意识。(that引导宾语从句)2．活动期间，安排了一系列科学知识小测验、吸引人的先进技术讲座和来自学生的各种科学作品展览，我们仿佛在享受一场科学盛宴。(whichseemsthat...)3．活动几乎持续了一整天，直到标志着最后一节课结束的铃声响起。(until引导时间状语从句)4．既激动又兴奋，不仅学生，部分教师也积极参与其中。(形容词短语作状语)5．这次活动非常吸引人，所有参与者都对这次活动给予了高度评价。(so...that...引导倒装句)组句成篇把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。参考范文DearPeter，Howiseverythinggoingthesedays？Iamwritingtotellyouthatasciencefestivalwiththethemeof“TheBeautyofScience”waslaunchedinourschoollastweek，withthepurposeofraisingstudents’awarenessofscience.Duringtheactivity，aseriesofscientificknowledgequizzes，appealinglecturesaboutadvancedtechnologies，anddisplaysofvariousscientificworksfromusstudentswerearranged，whichseemedthatwewerehavingasciencefeast.Theactivitylastedalmostawholedayuntilthebellindicatingtheendofthelastclassrang.Thrilledandexcited，notonlystudentsbutalsosomeoftheteachersparticipatedinitactively.Soattractiveistheactivitythatallparticipantsspeakhighlyofitandhopesuchactivitieswillbeheldfrequently.Somuchistheactivity.Lookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.Yours，LiHua教材语料整合亮词[人物描写]frustrated；contradictory；gifted；outstanding；brilliant；leadership[动作描写]subscribeto；suspect；blame；handle；transform；cast；defend→defence；comedown(with)；inchargeof美句1.Hewasdeterminedtofindoutwhy.(情感描写)2．Itseemedthatthewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.(情感描写)3．Forthisreason，Snowisconsideredthefatherofmodernepidemiology.(比喻)4．BorninShanghaiin1911，QianattendedschoolsinBeijingandthenenteredShanghaiJiaoTongUniversitytostudyRailwayMechanicalEngineering.(人物描写)5．Nevertheless，Qiandidnotletthatdiscouragehimfromtakingonthechallenge.(情感描写)6．On31October2009，thewholecountrywassaddenedbyQian’sdeath.(拟人)7．Besidesbeingbrilliant，hewasbrave，thoughsometimescarelessinwhathesaidordid.(人物描写)8．Hewaswillingtosaywhatotherswereafraidtosay，andtodreamofwhatotherswereafraidtodreamabout.(排比)拓展语料积累情感细节描写：愤怒(一)单词ragen．&v．愤怒；boilv．怒火中烧；furiousadj.狂怒的；crossadj.生气的；madadj.很生气→madlyadv.发狂地；angryadj.生气的→angern．生气；愤怒v．激怒→angrilyadv.生气地；annoyv．惹生气；惹怒→annoyedadj.生气的→annoyingadj.令人生气的→annoyancen．生气；愤怒词块flamewithanger/rage气得脸通红；turnwhitewithanger气得脸色发白；bepurplewithanger/rage气得脸色发紫；aflameofanger怒火；cloud(over)withanger怒容满面；boilwithanger勃然大怒；glareatsb怒目而视；gobananas生气；抓狂；biteone’sheadoff气愤地对某人大喊大叫；loseone’stemper发脾气句型1.Myteacherwasextremelydispleasedatmyconductandalmostshoutedatmeangrily.我的老师对我的行为极为不满，几乎愤怒地对我大喊大叫。2.ThemomentIsawhim，aflameofangershotthroughme.一看到他我就怒火中烧。3.Hegothotunderthecollarwhenhewasaskedtoberesponsibleforwhathehaddone.当他被要求为自己的行为负责时，他很愤怒。4.Rageflowedthroughherlikelavawhenshegottheannoyingnews.当她得到这个令人气愤的消息时，愤怒像熔岩一样弥漫她全身。5.Hersillyconductreallymademybloodboil.她愚蠢的行为真让我怒火中烧。6.Onethingyoushouldkeepinmindisthatyourcertainhabitsmaygetonotherpeople’snerves.你得记住一件事：你的某些习惯可能会把别人惹毛。语料运用杰出人物KnowingQianXuesenwasdeterminedtoreturntohismotherland，theauthoritiesoftheUS①wentbananas/boiledwithanger/gothotunderthecollar.They②couldn’tallowsuchabrilliantgeniustoleaveanddetainedhisfamilies，③whichmadehimflamewithanger/rage(定语从句)．④Soangrywashethat(倒装结构)hegaveupallhehadachievedinAmerica.⑤Withaflameofangerinmind(with的复合结构)，hewiselyfoughtwiththeUSandafterovercomingmanydifficulties，hemanagedtoreturntoChinain1955.Hisreturn⑥castalightonChina’srocketscienceand⑦underhisleadership，ChinadevelopedtheDongfengmissiles.美国当局知道钱学森决心回国后，极为生气。他们不能允许这样一个才华横溢的天才离开，扣留了他的家人，这让他勃然大怒。他如此愤怒以至于放弃了他在美国取得的一切。带着满腔怒火，他高明地与美国斗争，并在克服了许多困难后，于1955年成功返回中国。他的归来照亮了中国的火箭科学，在他的领导下，中国研制了东风导弹。高考题型组合练Ⅰ.阅读理解A★HeZehui，aChinesenuclearphysicist，accomplishedgreatthingsinphysicsandbecameanoutstandingscientist.Herfamilyisfamousforproducingthreefamouswomenscientists，includinghertwosisters.ShegraduatedfromTsinghuaUniversityin1936withadegreeinphysics，andthenwentontostudyattheTechnicalUniversityofBerlin，whereshewasthetopinherclass，outperformingherfuturehusbandQianSanqiang—China’s“fatheroftheatomicbomb”．In1940，sheearnedaPhDinEngineering.Thecouplemadegreatdiscoveriesinthefieldofuraniumfission(铀核裂变)，whichdrewglobalattentionandearnedthemworldwidereputations，alsomarkingamilestoneinthedevelopmentofChina’sexperimentalfissionphysics.ManyWesternmediacalledthecouplethe“MarieCurieandPierreCurieofChina”．AsoneofthepioneersinnuclearscienceandtechnologyinChina，ProfessorHecontributedagreatdealtonuclearphysics.Duringthe1950s，shestartedtheresearchanddevelopmentofnuclearemulsions(核乳胶)inChinaandtheirresearchreachedtheadvancedworldlevelatthattime.SheandherresearchgrouptooktheleadinbuildingChina’sfirstnuclearreactorandaccelerator.ShewasawardedthefirstAwardoftheNationalPrizeofNaturalSciencesformakingoutstandingachievementsinsupportingthenationalprogramofnuclearweapondevelopment.Throughouthercareer，Sheconqueredmanyobstacles，andwasalwaysonthefrontlineofChina’sscience-relatedwork.Shepublisheddozensofpapersyetplacedlittlevalueonpersonalfame.Theworld’stopphysicistsrecognizedherasafamousscientist，“ChineseMadameCurie”．ShepassedawayinBeijingin2011attheageof97，nearly20yearsafterQianSanqiang.Shededicatedherselftoscience，livingasimplelife，alwaysnurturingyoungresearchersandmaintainingthehigheststandardsthatshehadalwaysvalued.Shelovedhercountryandscience；tobothsheisnowanicon.eq\x(语篇解读本文是一篇人物传记。文章介绍了中国伟大的核物理科学家何泽慧及其成就。)1．Whatisthefocusofparagraph2aboutHeZehui?A．Identitybackground.B．Characterpersonalities.C．Educationexperiences.D．Professioncompetence.答案C解析段落大意题。根据第二段中的“ShegraduatedfromTsinghuaUniversity...In1940，sheearnedaPhDinEngineering.”可知，本段主要介绍何泽慧的教育经历。故选C。2．WhatdoweknowaboutQianSanqiang?A．Hediedfollowinghiswifein1991.B．HewontheNationalPrizeofNaturalSciences.C．HeassistedHeZehuitodevelopfissionphysics.D．HeisalsoaremarkableChinesescientist.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“...herfuturehusbandQianSanqiang—China’s‘fatheroftheatomicbomb’．”和第三段介绍的夫妻俩的成就可知，其丈夫钱三强也是一位伟大的中国科学家。故选D。3．WhyisHeZehuiacknowledgedas“MarieCurieofChina”？A．Forhergreatcontributionstonuclearphysics.B．Forheraccomplishmentintheatomicbomb.C．Forhercontinuousachievementinnaturalscience.D．Forherresearchofnuclearemulsions.答案A解析推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句和第四段第一句可知，何泽慧因对核物理科学作出了巨大贡献而被称为“中国的居里夫人”。故选A。4．HowcanwefittinglydescribeHeZehui?A．Ambitious，talented，conservativeanddetermined.B．Unselfish，patriotic，indifferenttofameanddevotedtoscience.C．Aggressive，imaginative，stronginmindandkindinheart.D．Knowledgeable，awesome，creativeandsociable.答案B解析推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Shepublisheddozensofpapersyetplacedlittlevalueonpersonalfame.”和最后一段中的“Shededicatedherselftoscience，livingasimplelife...lovedhercountryandscience...”可知，何泽慧无私、爱国、淡泊名利、献身于科学事业，有极高的科研素养。故选B。B★Aswinterarrives，theproblemoffogged-upcarwindscreensbecomesmorepressingfordrivers.Anti-mistingsprays(喷雾剂)areonewaytodealwithsuchfogging.Buttheyneedfrequentreapplication.Anotherapproachistofixwithinthethingtobedemistedasetofelectricallypoweredheatingwires.Butbecauseofthevisualdistraction(分心)created，thatdoesn’tworkforacar’sfrontwindscreen.IranHachlerandDimosPoulikakosoftheSwissFederalInstituteofTechnologyinZurichhave，however，comeupwithanotherwayofwarmingsomethinguptostopfogforming.Theirnewmaterialisacoatingtennanometres(纳米)thick.Itisflexible，easilymadeusingexistingprocesses，andcanbeappliedasacoatingtoglassorplastic，orinsetinsidesuchmaterials.Itsdemistingpropertiesarepoweredbysunlight.Ineffect，itisagoldsandwich.The“bread”ofthissandwichisapairoflayers(层)，topandbottom，ofachemicalmaterial，eachthreenanometresthick.Thefillingisafour-nanometredeepgoldenmaterial.Thewholestructureletsvisiblelightpassunlimited，whileabsorbinginvisiblelightsandtransformingthemintoheat.Itisthefillingthatwarmstheglass.Goldactsasamediumintheheatingprocess.Thenetworkwillnowabsorbheatifleftinthesunshine.Thetopandbottomlayersboostthatabsorption.GlasscoatedwithMrHachler’sandDrPoulikakos’sinventionis，theyclaim，fourtimesmoreeffectiveatpreventingfogthananuncountedsurface.Itabsorbsaround30%ofsolarradiationincidentuponitwhich，onasunnyday，increasesthetemperatureofwhatitisappliedtobyaround8℃.Onacloudyday，thattemperatureriseiscloserto3－4℃.Butineithercasetheenhancementissufficientbothtoremoveanyfogthathasformedandtopreventnewfogforming.Thenextstep，MrHachlersays，istofindtheproduct’sbestmarket.Eventhoughgoldisused，thecostofaddingthisextraoneislow.Forthetwoinventors，though，theideamightproveagoldmine.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。随着冬天的到来，汽车挡风玻璃被雾遮住的问题对司机来说变得更加紧迫。文章介绍了一种新的解决方法。5．Whatisthedisadvantageofanti-mistingsprays?A．Theyhavenolastingeffect.B．Theydamagethewindscreens.C．Theyturnthedrivers’attentionaway.D．Theyareconstantlypoweredbyelectricity.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第一段中“Anti-mistingsprays(喷雾剂)areonewaytodealwithsuchfogging.Buttheyneedfrequentreapplication.”可知，防雾喷雾剂的缺点是它们没有持久的效果。故选A。6．Whatisthefunctionofthecenterlayer?A．Tosaveupheat.B．Toprotectthegold.C．Toproduceelectricity.D．Toheatthewindscreens.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第三段中“Thewholestructureletsvisiblelightpassunlimited，whileabsorbinginvisiblelightsandtransformingthemintoheat.Itisthefillingthatwarmstheglass.Goldactsasamediumintheheatingprocess.”可知，中间层的作用是加热挡风玻璃。故选D。7．Whatcanbeinferredabouttheinventionfromparagraph4?A．Itisuselessoncloudydays.B．Itisunabletoworkatnight.C．Coatedglassabsorbsthevisiblelights.D．Uncoatedglasslowersthetemperatureby8℃.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第四段中“Itabsorbsaround30%ofsolarradiationincidentuponitwhich，onasunnyday，increasesthetemperatureofwhatitisappliedtobyaround8℃.Onacloudyday，thattemperaturerise...Butineithercasetheenhancementissufficientbothtoremoveanyfogthathasformedandtopreventnewfogforming.”可推知，该发明不能在晚上工作。故选B。8．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthenewinvention?A．Itisverycostly.B．Ithitsthemarketwell.C．Itishighlyprofitable.D．Itneedsfurtherimprovement.答案C解析推理判断题。根据最后一段“Thenextstep，MrHachlersays，istofindtheproduct’sbestmarket.Eventhoughgoldisused，thecostofaddingthisextraoneislow.Forthetwoinventors，though，theideamightproveagoldmine.”可知，作者认为这项新发明是高利润的。故选C。Ⅱ.完形填空Onespringevening，Iwasincrediblywornafteralongdayofschool.Iwishedfor1butIhadtodragmyheavyfeettotheviolinstudio.IwasplayingMoldautoKate，myteacher.Isimplycouldn’tplaywith2，though.WhileIfollowedallthe3onthesheetmusic，Istill4tomakemusicdescribingspringwithfull-blownflowerssoundlikeflowersdyingbitterdeaths.Kate5attentivelyandthenfrowned(皱眉)，ask