强化练(二十七)　从句套用类命题2025高考英语大二轮专题强化练专题四　语法填空

强化练(二十七)从句套用类命题2025高考英语大二轮专题强化练专题四语法填空强化练(二十七)从句套用类命题考情速递：近年高考在题目设置上增加了句式结构的复杂性和干扰性。长难句障碍题成为考生常见的失分点，自然也是备考的重点。常见的易造成失分的长难句主要有以下三种类型：①从句套用类长难句。②含多个主谓结构类长难句。③非核心成分过多类长难句。说明：加黑部分为从句套用对点题，要认真分析句式结构。(2023·湖北十堰元月调研)Theclimatecrisishasreachednewlevelsofdestructionthisyearformillionsofpeopleinpoorcountriesthatdidn’tcausetheproblem，1.____________(lead)tolossessohugethatitishardformanyinrichercountriestoevenunderstand.Fornearlythreedecades，thecountriesmostaffectedbyclimatedisastershaveaskedwealthycountriestohelpthempayforthedamage，only2.____________(pay)lipservice.AttheannualUnitedNationsclimateconferencethisweek，theissueisformally3.____________theagenda，abreakthroughinitself.4._______________(encouraging)，asmallnumberofwealthycountrieshavepromisedtogivemoneydespitesmallamounts.Thesecontributionsarewelcome，althoughtheyarenotthekindoffunding5.____________(seek)bypoorercountries—somecountriesreallocatefundsfromotherpotsofclimatefinance，orputmoneytoward6.____________(insure)orearlywarningsystems.Whatthesecountries7.____________(call)foroverthepastdecades，andurgentlyneed，isacollectivefundingstreamwithintheUnitedNations8.____________helpsthemrecoverfromdevastatinglossesthatresultfromdisasters，risingseasandotherclimateimpacts.It’snot9.____________matterofcharity.Takingactionsisfirmlyinrichcountries’owninterests.Asclimatechangebearsdown，morefactoriesandportsaroundtheworldwillclose，devastatingglobalsupplychains.Foodpriceswillrise.Morepeoplewillbedisplaced，whichwillcauseadditionalmigrationcrises.Conflictwillgrowmorelikelyaspeoplefightoverlandandwater.Theconsequenceswilldestabilize(使动摇)eventhe10.____________(strong)economies.Preventingthatoutcomenow，byfinancingrecoveryfromclimatedamage，willensureamorestablefutureforeveryone.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。气候危机对贫困国家造成的恶劣影响达到了新的水平。这一问题也正式提上了联合国气候大会的日程之上，一少部分发达国家承诺为此提供资金，尽管数量并不太大。1.leading[考查非谓语动词。结合语境和句子结构可知，________tolosses...作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果，且theclimatecrisis与lead是主谓关系，故填现在分词leading。]2.tobepaid[考查非谓语动词。only________lipservice作结果状语，表示出乎意料的及负面的结果，且pay和thecountries之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故此处填tobepaid。]3.on[考查介词。ontheagenda是固定搭配，意为“在议事日程上”，故填on。]4.Encouragingly[考查词性转换。空处所填词位于句首，修饰后面的整个句子，故空处填副词Encouragingly。]5.sought[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，________bypoorercountries作后置定语，修饰thekindoffunding。seek与thekindoffunding是逻辑上的动宾关系，且此处不强调时间概念，故应用过去分词sought。]6.insurance[考查词性转换。结合句意和空前的介词toward可知，此处应用不可数名词insurance作宾语。]7.havecalled/havebeencalling[考查时态和主谓一致。空处所填词是主语从句的谓语动词；由时间状语overthepastdecades可知，此处可用现在完成时和现在完成进行时；thesecountries为复数，故填havecalled/havebeencalling。]8.that/which[考查定语从句。空处所填词引导限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语，先行词为acollectivefundingstreamwithintheUnitedNations，故填that/which。]【对点题难句拆解】该句属于从句套用类长难句。首先，借助引导词和主谓结构理清主句和从句的层次，然后找到主句的主干。对于每一个从句，也使用同样的方法梳理其主干部分。句式分析如下：9.a[考查冠词。It’s(not)amatterof...为固定句型，意为“这(不)是关乎……的问题”，故填a。]10.strongest[考查比较等级。结合语境可知，此处表示最高级意义，故填strongest。](2023·湖北名校联考)China’sZhurongMarsrover(探测器)，whichlandedontheredplanet1.____________May,hasunexpectedlydiscoveredevidencethat2.____________(it)currentexplorationsitesufferedlongperiodsofweatheringbywindandevenwater.Therovertoucheddownin2021ataplace3.____________(name)UtopiaPlanitiawhichisalargeplaininthenorthernlowlandsonMars.Eversinceitslanding,therover4.____________(travel)overakilometreontheredplanetandhascollecteddataonthegeologicalstructureandsurfacecompositionofMarsthroughsoil5.____________dustsamples.Talkingabouttherecentdata,JoelDavisattheNaturalHistoryMuseuminLondonsaidthatmanyscientistsbelievethatUtopiaPlanitiahostedamassiveoceanbillionsofyearsago.“6.____________(hopeful),asZhurongcontinuestoexplore,itwillbeable7.____________(help)answerthisquestion(aboutanoceanonMars)thathasbeentroublingscientistsfordecades，”NewScientistreported.ThethingthatmakesscientistsbelievethereexistedanancientoceaninZhurong’slandingsite8.____________(be)thepresenceofgrooves(凹槽)ononesidewhichsuggestsmanyliquidwater9.____________(activity)mayhaveexisted.Anotherevidenceisthespecialshapeofrocksinthearea10.____________，scientistssay，onlyarisesfrominteractionswithwater.Severalwind－sculptedstructurescoveringafewmetreswerealsofoundintheareabytherover.【语篇解读】本文是新闻报道。中国的祝融号火星探测器意外地发现了一些证据，这些证据表明其目前的探测地点遭受过风，甚至水的长期风化。1.in[考查介词。表示“在某月”应使用介词in。]2.its[考查代词。空处所填词修饰名词短语explorationsite，表示所属关系，故应使用形容词性物主代词its。]3.named[考查非谓语动词。“________UtopiaPlanitia”在句中作后置定语，修饰名词place。place和name之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，且非谓语所表示动作已完成，故此处应使用过去分词named。]4.hastravel(l)ed[考查时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语Eversinceitslanding和后面的hascollected可知，此处应使用现在完成时，且therover为单数形式，故空格处填hastravel(l)ed。]5.and[考查并列连词。此处应用并列连词and连接并列成分，and表示“和”。]6.Hopefully[考查词性转换。空处所填词位于句首，修饰整个句子，表示“希望，但愿”，故使用副词Hopefully。]7.tohelp[考查非谓语动词。beabletodo(sth)为固定结构，表示“能做……”，且此处与主语之间是主谓关系，故用tohelp。]8.is[考查时态和主谓一致。根据语境，尤其是makes可知，此处应使用一般现在时，主语Thething是第三人称单数，故填is。]9.activities[考查名词的数。由many可知，此处应使用名词复数形式activities。]【对点题难句拆解】10.that/which[考查定语从句。空处所填词引导限制性定语从句，先行词的中心词为shape，引导词在定语从句中作主语，故用关系代词that/which。](2023·杭州学军中学期末测试)Goingagainstthetideofflocking(蜂拥)towell－knownyetgenerallycrowdedtouristdestinationsonvacation,a1.____________(grow)numberofholidaymakersinChinatendtospendtheirleisuretimeatlesser－knownresortstoseekunique,relaxingholidayexperiences.Inrecentyears,reverse(反向的)tourism2.____________(emerge)asanewtrendamongyoungholidaymakersinChina.Duringtheweek－longpublicholiday，whichendedonOct.7，largenumbersofvacationers，especiallyyoungprofessionalswholongtoescapebusycitylife，3.____________(avoid)popularholidaydestinationsinordertogettoplacesoffthebeatentrackandenjoysomepeaceandquiet.AccordingtodatafromtheonlinetravelagencyQunar,thenumberofrooms4.____________(book)athotelsinless－traveledcitiesduringtheholidaywasup30percentyearonyear.Besidescrowds,somevacationerschoseless－traveledplacestosaveonthecostoftripstopopulardestinations，5.____________ofteninvolvesexpensivetickets，mealsandhotelstays.Inaddition,lesser－knownattractionsarenot6.____________“commercial”or“standardized”asdevelopedonesandtheyareabletooffermoreauthenticexperiencesandnaturalencounters,accordingtosocialmediaposts.And7.____________(like)populardestinations,someunderexploredplaceswithlittleonline8.____________(expose)canoffermoresurprises.JiangHan，9.____________seniorresearcherattheBeijing－basedpublicpolicythinktankPangoal,saidthatreversetourismwillbecomeoneofthefuturedirectionsforthemarket10.____________isanopportunityforgrowthcomparabletothecampingeconomy.【语篇解读】本文是说明文，主要介绍了中国度假者，特别是年轻度假者，选择的一种新的旅游形式——反向旅游。1.growing[考查词性转换。空处所填词作定语，修饰名词number，表示“增长的，增加的”，故应使用形容词growing。]2.hasemerged[考查时态和主谓一致。空格所在句为简单句，所填词作谓语。由时间状语Inrecentyears可知，此处应用现在完成时态；谓语动词emerge与主语reversetourism之间为主谓关系，主语为单数，故空格处填hasemerged。]3.avoided[考查时态。空处在句中作谓语，由时间状语“Duringtheweek－longpublicholiday，whichendedonOct.7”可知，此处应使用一般过去时，且avoid与其所对应的主语为主谓关系，故填avoided。]【对点题难句拆解】本句中非核心成分较多，致使句子结构复杂。部分考生看到第3题设空处出现在定语从句之后，不细查之下，有可能认为第3空应填非谓语动词来作从句谓语的状语。实际上，从整个长难句的层面来分析句子，我们不难发现，所填词应作谓语。句式分析如下：4.booked[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处应填非谓语动词。book与rooms之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，且非谓语动词所表示动作已经发生，所以应用过去分词，故填booked。]5.which[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词引导非限制性定语从句。从句中缺少主语，先行词是thecostoftripstopopulardestinations，故应用关系代词which。]6.as/so[考查固定结构。分析句子结构可知，此处考查的是“as＋形容词/副词原级＋as...”结构。该结构意为“和……一样……”，用于否定句时第一个as也可以改为so。]7.unlike[考查介词。分析句子结构可知，空处应用介词。结合语境可知，所填词表示“与……不同”，故填unlike。]8.exposure[考查词性转换。“with＋adj.＋n.”结构在句中作后置定语，所填词意为“曝光”，故填不可数名词exposure。]9.a[考查冠词。researcher为可数名词单数形式，所填词表示“一位，一个”，加之senior的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。]10.and[考查并列连词。空处所填词连接两个并列谓语，表示“而且”，故填and。]强化练(二十三)环境保护类考情速递：环境保护是人类有意识地保护自然资源并使其得到合理的利用，防止自然环境受到污染和破坏；创造出适合于人类生活、工作的环境，协调人与自然的关系，让人们做到与自然和谐相处的概念。这类题材也是高考命题的热点。(2023·湖北省八市高三3月联考)TerryTownshendisanecologistfromtheUK.InlateOctober,heclimbedtotheroofofabuildingtocheckoutahand－sizedrecordingdevice1._____________(lay)theretocatchthesoundsofmigratorybirds(候鸟)atBeijing’sOlympicPark.Everytwoweeks,hecameheretocollectdataandshareit2.____________universities’researchcentresforthisyear’sbirdtrackingstudy.Asabirdwatcher3.____________haslivedinBeijingforoveradecade,Townshendfoundedawebsite4.____________formedagroupforfellowenthusiasts.Heworkstoraiseenvironmental5.____________(aware)amongpeopletohelpsavesomeofChina’smostendangeredbirds,initiatingprojectstotracksomeofBeijing’scelebratedbirds.ThoughobservingthemigratorybirdsinBeijing6.____________(be)oneofTownshend’smainactivitiesnow,hisbondwithChinawasestablishedtwelveyearsago.Atthattime,thenon－governmentalorganizationTownshendonceworkedwithwasinvitedbytheChinesegovernment7.____________(cooperate)inboostingsupportforChina’sgeneralenvironmentallawsonclimatechange.Astheprojectleader,TownshendcametoChinaforthefirsttime.Aftergettingtoknowthecountry,hedecidedtostayherefor8._______________(far)research.“China9.____________(value)therecoveryofnatureinpastdecades.Withtheeffortstocarryoutvarioustargetedprotectionstowardnature,10._____________futurelooksbrightforChina’sbiodiversity.”Townshendsaid.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章讲述来自英国的生态学家特里·汤森德在北京观察候鸟，致力于提高人们的环保意识，帮助拯救中国一些最濒危的鸟类。1.laid[考查非谓语动词。设空处为非谓语动词作定语，修饰名词recordingdevice，和名词之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词，故填laid。]2.with[考查介词。短语share...with...意为“和……分享……”，故填with。]3.who/that[考查定语从句。分析可知，设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词birdwatcher，指人，关系代词在从句中作主语，故填who/that。]4.and[考查并列连词。分析可知，foundedawebsite和formedagroupforfellowenthusiasts为并列关系，故填and。]5.awareness[考查词性转换。设空处为宾语，应用名词，故填awareness。]6.is[考查时态和主谓一致。设空处为从句谓语，主语是动名词短语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，描述一般事实，用一般现在时，故填is。]7.tocooperate[考查非谓语动词。设空处作目的状语，应用不定式，故填tocooperate。]8.further[考查比较等级。设空处为形容词作定语，表示“进一步的”，应为形容词比较级，故填further。]9.hasbeenvaluing/hasvalued[考查时态和主谓一致。设空处为谓语，根据时间状语inpastdecades可知，应用现在完成时或者现在完成进行时，主语China为第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故填hasbeenvaluing/hasvalued。]10.the[考查冠词。设空处修饰名词，表特指，应用定冠词，故填the。](2023·江苏省七市高三联考)HometotheheadwatersoftheYangtze,YellowandLancangrivers,theSanjiangyuanareaontheQinghai－TibetPlateau(青藏高原)isknownas“China’swatertower”.Itisa1.____________(whole)uniqueplateauwetlandecosystemandservesas2.____________importantecologicaldefenseforthecountry.Decadesago,seriousenvironmentaldegradation(恶化)inSanjiangyuan，3.____________wascausedbyclimatechangeandhumanactivities,resultedinalargenumberoflakesdryingoutandwildlifenumbersfallingsharply.In2016,thepilotprogramfortheSanjiangyuanNationalParkmanagementsystem4.____________(launch).Throughpainstakingpractice,developmentandinnovation,effortshavebeenmade5._______________(turn)theparkintoasymboloftheprogressofChina’secologicalcivilization.Overthepastyears,theecologicalenvironmentoftheQinghai－TibetPlateau6.____________(experience)comprehensivechanges.Waterconservationintheareahasrisen7.____________11percenteveryyear,comparedwith10yearsago.Localresidentsenjoythegiftsgivenbynature,andthe8.____________(establish)ofthenationalparkhasenabledthemtotransformfromexploiting(开发)naturetobecomingitsprotectorsandbenefitingfromit.Someworkastourguides,9.____________(assist)visitorsfromhomeandabroad.Today,aspeoplewalkonthevastlandofSanjiangyuan,lookingattheexpansivemountains,glaciers,lakesandpastures，10.____________catchingsightofwildanimalsandbirds,theycannothelpbutbeimpressedbythevastnessandbeautyofnature.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述了三江源生态恶化，国家采取了一系列措施保护该地区，并取得了成效。1.wholly[考查词性转换。空后为形容词，结合句意及提示词，空处应为副词，修饰unique。故填wholly。]2.an[考查冠词。空后important的发音以元音音素开头，结合句意可知，空处应为不定冠词，故填an。]3.which[考查定语从句。分析句子可知，空处缺主语，为非限制性定语从句，seriousenvironmentaldegradationinSanjiangyuan为先行词，故填which。]4.waslaunched[考查时态语态和主谓一致。主语SanjiangyuanNationalParkmanagementsystem是单数，和launch为被动关系，时间2016为过去时，故填waslaunched。]5.toturn[考查非谓语动词。efforts为主语，havebeenmade为谓语，空处为不定式作目的状语，故填toturn。]6.hasexperienced[考查时态和主谓一致。根据Overthepastyears可知，时态为现在完成时，主语theecologicalenvironmentoftheQinghai－TibetPlateau为单数，故填hasexperienced。]7.by[考查介词。riseby为固定搭配，其后常跟表示增长的幅度，也就是说增长了多少，by后通常接分数、百分数、倍数等。故填by。]8.establishment[考查词性转换。根据句意，结合空前冠词及空后介词of可知，空处为名词。故填establishment。]9.assisting[考查非谓语动词。assist与tourguides构成主谓关系，应用现在分词。故填assisting。]10.and[考查并列连词。句中lookingattheexpansivemountains,glaciers,lakesandpastures和catchingsightofwildanimalsandbirds为并列结构，应用and连接。故填and。](2023·嘉兴高三调研)Chinahasseengreatbenefitssincethelaunchofitscarbontradingmarketayearago.Theprogramhasplayed1.____________importantroleinraisinglow－carbonawareness.Althoughitonlygetsthepowergenerationindustryinvolvednow,theinitiativeofpricingcarbonemissions(排放物)hasboostedthe2.____________(develop)ofcarbon－relatedservicesinindustriesbeyond.Rightnowmorethan9，800companiesareprovidingsuchservices,ofwhichover1，8003.____________(establish)lastyear.Carbontradingistheprocessofbuyingandsellingpermitstosendoutgreenhousegases.Opened4.____________July16,2021,themarketnowincludes5.____________(national)2，162power－generatingcompanies,coveringabout4.5billiontonsofcarb