培优练（十五）2025高考英语大二轮考前培优练C、D篇强化组合练

eq\a\vs4\al\co1(培优练（十五）32分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解(2023·湖北重点中学高三联考)AnunlikelyscandalaffectedtheBritishgovernmentgreatly.Afterthegovernmentwasforcedtocancelthe“A－level”examsthathelpdetermineuniversityadmission,theBritisheducationregulatorusedanalgorithm(算法)topredictwhatscoreeachstudentwouldhavereceivedontheirexam.Thealgorithmreliedinpartonhowtheschool’sstudentshadhistoricallyfaredontheexam.Schoolswithricherchildrentendedtohavebettertrackrecords,sothealgorithmgavewealthystudents—eventhoseontrackforthesamegradesaspoorstudents—muchhigherpredictedscores.High－achieving,low－incomepupilswhoseschoolshadnotpreviouslyperformedwellwerehitparticularlyhard.Afterthreatsoflegalactionandwidespreaddemonstrations,thegovernmentbackeddownandcanceledthealgorithmicgradingprocessentirely.Thiswasn’tanisolatedincident：IntheUnitedStatessimilarissuestroubledtheInternationalBaccalaureateexam,whichusedanopaque(不透明的)artificialintelligencesystemtosetstudents’scores,promptingprotestsfromthousandsofstudentsandparents.Theseepisodeshighlightsomeofthetrapsofalgorithmicdecision－making.Astechnologyadvances,companies,governments,andotherorganizationsareincreasinglyrelyingonalgorithmstopredictimportantsocialoutcomes,usingthemtodistributejobs,forecastcrime,andeventrytopreventchildabuse.Thesetechnologiespromisetoincreaseefficiency,enablemoretargetedpolicyintervention,andremovehumanimperfectionsfromdecision－makingprocesses.Butcriticsworrythatopaquemachinelearningsystemswillinfactreflectandfurtherkeepshortcomingsinhoworganizationstypicallyfunction—includingbyestablishingtheracial,class,andgenderprejudicesofthesocietiesthatdevelopthesesystems.Butthereisanevenmorebasicconcernaboutalgorithmicdecision－making.Evenintheabsenceofsystematicclassorracialprejudice,whatifalgorithmsstruggletomakeevenremotelyaccuratepredictionsaboutthetrackofindividuals’lives?【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章介绍了一种被用来预测学生在考试中可能获得的分数的算法。尽管该算法在社会很多方面正被运用着，但是该算法对学生并不公平，所以人们反对它在教育上的应用。28.WhydidtheauthormentionA－levelexamsinthefirstparagraph?A.Toexposeascandal.B.Topresentanexample.C.Tointroducethetopic.D.Toarousepublicconcern.答案C[写作意图题。根据文章第一段中的“Afterthegovernment...ontheirexam.”可知，在政府被迫取消帮助决定大学录取的A级考试后，英国教育监管机构使用一种算法来预测每个学生在考试中会获得的分数，再结合下文内容可推知，作者在第一段中提到A级考试是为了引出话题。]29.Whoareprobablyinfavorofthealgorithmicgradingsystem?A.Averagestudentsfromtopschools.B.StraightAstudentsfromtopschools.C.Averagestudentsfrombetter－offfamilies.D.StraightAstudentswithdisadvantagedbackgrounds.答案A[推理判断题。通读第二段可知，该算法在一定程度上取决于该校学生以往的考试成绩。有富裕孩子的学校往往有更好的成绩记录，所以算法给富裕学生——即使是那些与贫困学生成绩相同的学生——更高的预测分数。所在的学校在之前表现不佳的成绩优异、低收入学生受到的打击尤其严重。据此可推知，顶尖学校的普通学生可能会支持算法评分系统。]30.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Thealgorithmicgradingsystemresultedinlegalaction.B.Algorithmicdecision－makingisnotnecessarilyreliable.C.Algorithmicdecision－makingdevelopssystematicprejudices.D.TheBritishgovernmentapprovesofthealgorithmicgradingsystem.答案B[推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Butcriticsworry...developthesesystems”可知，批评者担心，这种算法的运作方式存在缺点。由此可推知，算法决策不一定是可靠的。]31.Accordingtotheauthor,whatisamajorconcernregardingalgorithmicdecision－making?A.Potentialsystematicclassandracialprejudice.B.Increasingdependenceonitspredictedoutcomes.C.Potentialfeaturestokeeptrackofanindividual’slife.D.Furtherapplicationtoforetellanindividuals’fortune.答案D[细节理解题。通读尾段可知，对于算法决策还有一个更主要的问题：即使没有阶级或种族偏见，如果算法很难对个人的生活轨迹做出哪怕是微乎其微的准确预测呢？据此可知，预测个人命运的进一步应用是算法决策的一个主要问题。](2023·广东六校联考)Dreams，accordingtoCarlJung，revealacertainamountofrealityhiddenduringwakingconsciousness.InJungianphilosophy，theconflictandchaosexperiencedindreamsfinallybringordertoourlives.WhileJung’smysticaltheoriesaredebatable,hewasnotmistakenabouttheimportanceofdreaming.Agrowingnumberofreportsshowthatacontinuouslackofdreamingisdamagingourwakinghoursinmanyways.Thistrendiscausingdamagetoourimmuneandmetabolic(新陈代谢的)systems,letalonetheelectronicproductsthatkeepusuplateatnightareruiningoursleeppatterns,whichhaslong－termconsequencesforourmemorysystem.OnestudyshowedthatnotallowingmicetohaveadequateamountsofREM(RapidEyeMovement)sleep,thestageinwhichwedream,themicecouldn’tstrengthenmemories.Youmightthinkthisisjustasleepproblem,butdreamingisinseparablefromournighttimerest.Wesleepincycles(周期),eachlastingabout90minutes；inasleepcycle,wegothroughnon－REMsleepbeforehittingREM.Asthenightprogresses,REMsleepperiodsincreaseinlengthwhiledeepsleep(oneofthestagesofnon－REMsleep)decreases.Thelongerwesleep,themoretimewespendinREM,whichiswhyweareoftendreamingwhenwakingupinthemorning.Ifwesleeplessthansevenhours,however,itbecomeshardertoachievethislevelofREM.Thecombinationofsleepinganddreamingactsasanemotionalstabilizer.Werecoverfromemotionalhurtfasterwhenwesleepanddreamproperly.However,we’renotgettingenoughsleeptocyclethroughthestagestotakeadvantageofthisnaturalcircadiananti－depressant(抗抑郁药)—dreams.Instead,wegetdepressedandturntoalcoholormedicinestogettosleep,whichonlymakesthingsworsebecauseevenonedrinkleadstolateREMwhileanti－depressantspromotedeepsleepattheexpenseofREM.We’repayingforthislackofdreaminginmanyways.Forexample,a2021studystatedthatcomparedwithquietrestandnon－REMsleep,REMpromotedtheformationofassociativenetworksandtheintegration(整合)ofunassociatedinformation.VolunteersthatexperiencedmoreREMsleepwerebetterequippedforsolvingproblemsrequiringcreativesolutions.RowanHooper,themanagingeditoratNewScientist,writesthatdreamsthatincludean“emotionalcore”appeartobeamainfunctionofREMsleepandthatweshouldlookatsleeppatternsasseriouslyaswelookatdietandexercisehabits.【语篇解读】本文是说明文，介绍了做梦和睡眠之间的关系，以及做梦的缺乏给我们带来的损害。32.What’sCarlJung’sviewaboutdreams?A.Theycausechaos.B.Theydamageimmunity.C.Theyrevealsecrets.D.Theymirrorreality.答案D[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Dreams，accordingto...duringwakingconsciousness.”可知，CarlJung认为梦揭示了在清醒意识中一些被隐藏的现实，即梦会反映现实。]33.Whyisthesleepprocessexplainedinparagraph3?A.ToshowadreammainlyoccursduringREMsleep.B.Toprovetheminimumsleeptimeshouldbesevenhours.C.Toprovedreamproblemsandsleepproblemsareattached.D.Toshowpeopleoftendreamwhenwakingupinthemorning.答案C[写作意图题。根据第三段内容可推知，我们是否做梦，与睡眠时长及睡眠过程中的快速眼动是有直接关系的，所以第三段对睡眠过程进行解释，是为了证明做梦问题和睡眠问题是有关联的。]34.Whatconclusioncanbeinferredfromparagraph5?A.Dreamingpromotescreativity.B.Dreaminghelpsfightdepression.C.ThebrainstillreceivesnewinformationduringREMsleep.D.Thebrainispayingthepriceforhavingmorenon－REMsleep.答案A[推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句“Volunteersthatexperienced...requiringcreativesolutions.”可知，经历了更多快速眼动睡眠的志愿者更善于解决需要创造性解决方案的问题。由此可推知，做梦让人更具有创造力。]35.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A.Theimportanceofsleepliesindreams.B.Theabsenceofdreamsisterribleforus.C.Dreamingpatternsaremoreimportantthanwerealize.D.Dreaminghasmysticalpowerofstrengtheningmemories.答案B[文章大意题。通读全文可知，文章第一段阐述了做梦的重要性，做梦的缺乏会给我们带来损害；第二段介绍了做梦的缺乏会对我们的免疫系统、新陈代谢和记忆造成损害；第四段说睡眠和做梦结合起来可以起到稳定情绪的作用；第五段说我们正以许多方式为缺乏做梦付出代价。由此可推知，本文主要介绍了做梦的缺乏对于我们来说是可怕的。]Ⅱ.七选五(2023·杭州高三联合测试)MyheartwentouttothedramateacherIreadaboutinarecentnewsitem.EachparentfromherclassinsistedthatshecasttheirownchildasSnowWhite.Thisremindedmeofmyseventhgrademusical—“TheAdventuresofTomSawyer”.IdesperatelywantedtoplaytheroleofBecky,thefemaleleadwhowasTom’sgirlfriend.__1__Forstarters,Beckyhadtosingnumeroussolos，andIcouldn’tcarryatune.Ialsodidn’thavelongblondecurlslikeprettyLindaWrightwhowonthepart.Iwasassignedthenon－singingroleofMissWatson，themaid.Ihadtowearanuglydress.AndIhadonlyonelinetolearn，“That’swhatIsay.”__2__MissWatsonwasonstageinquiteafewscenes,andgottorepeat“That’swhatIsay”throughouttheplay.Atlast,ourproductionwasputonstage.ImaginemysurprisewhenMissWatsonmadetheaudiencelaughoutloudeachtimeIpipedupwith“That’swhatIsay”.Ihadn’tknownthatshe—orI—couldbefunny,orthathercharacterwasimportantinmovingtheplotalong.__3__Thatnight,Ibegantounderstandthatbeingthestarmaynotbeanymorefunthanbeingastandoutinasupportingrole.Eachperson,onstageandbackstage,isessentialintheater.Withouteveryonedoingtheirpart,theplaywouldbedullasdishwater.__4__Ifeveryoneisastarthennothinggetsdone.It’sallnoiseandchaos.AndsoIbelieveallchildrenshouldgettheopportunitytoplayMissWatson,tobecomesomeonetheydidn’tknowtheywantedtobe.__5__A.Soitisinlife.B.Itwasnottobe.C.Itwasanythingbutagreatpart.D.MyMissWatsonturnedouttobeahit.E.Ittooktheentirecasttomakeagoodshow.F.Therewasanadvantage,inmyopinion,though.G.Iwouldhopeallchildrencouldbeahitinlife.【语篇解读】本文是夹叙夹议文，主要讲述了作者小时候在一次戏剧表演中扮演了一个小角色，并取得成功的经历。作者认为所有的孩子都应该有机会扮演小角色，并希望每个孩子都能在生活中取得成功。1.B[空前一句讲到了作者很想出演Becky这个角色，但结合下文中的“Icouldn’tcarryatune...whowonthepart”可知，作者并没有如愿，故B项符合语境。]2.F[空前一句讲到了“Ihadonlyonelinetolearn”，而空后则讲到MissWatson这个角色需要在整个剧的很多场景中重复这句台词，这无疑是好的方面，因此F项“然而，在我看来，有一个优势。”符合语境。]3.D[结合空前的“MissWatsonmadetheaudience...‘That’swhatIsay’”可知，作者饰演的MissWatson在那次表演中很受欢迎。故D项“我演的MissWatson很受欢迎。”符合语境。]4.A[根据空前的“Withouteveryonedoingtheirpart，theplaywouldbedullasdishwater.”可知，空前讲到了舞台上每个演员都很重要，空后一句讲到了“Ifeveryoneisastarthennothinggetsdone.”。由此可知，空前空后将舞台表演和生活实际结合在了一起，A项“生活中亦是如此。”承上启下，符合语境。]5.G[结合全文内容可知，最后一段总结上文，空前一句讲到“我相信所有的孩子都应该有机会扮演MissWatson，成为一个他们不知道自己想成为的人。”，空处应该会紧扣文章主题“小角色也能大放异彩”来表达作者的期待，故G项“我希望每个孩子都能在生活中获得成功。”符合语境。且G项中的“allchildren”对应上句中的“allchildren”。]Ⅲ.语法填空(2023·南京六校联考)Legendhas1.____________thattofuwasdiscoveredbyahealth－consciousChineseprincenamedLiuAnmorethan2，000yearsagowhenhewasmakinganelixir(灵丹妙药).Herealizedthatsoymilkleftincertainconditionscoagulated(凝固)anddevelopedapudding－likesubstanceandthatwasthebeginningoftofu.It’s2.____________(universal)believedthatmonksvisitingChinabroughttofutoneighbouringcountrieslikeJapan.3.____________EastAsiahasbeeneatingtofuformorethan1，000years,ittookalotlongerforittocatchonglobally.BenjaminFranklin,oneoftheUnitedState’sfoundingfathers,wrotealetter4.____________somesoybeansattachedwhilehewasinLondon,praisingitasa“Chinesecheese”in1770.Theletterwasoneoftheearliestdocumentsonrecord5.____________mentionedtofuintheWest.LiShizeng，6.____________enthusiastoftofu,isoftencreditedwithmakingtofuamorewidelyacceptedfoodoutsideofAsia.It’ssaidthathewasthefirstsentbytheChinesegovernmenttoattendaFrenchmilitaryschool.Heendedup7.____________(study)attheagriculturalschoolinMontargisandwas8.____________(passion)aboutpromotingtofuinFrance.Nowadays,tofu9.____________(serve)inamodernway.Inmanyfinediningrestaurants,thetastingmenuisdesignedarounditstextures.Thedishesandingredientschangeaccordingtotheseasons.Forexample,inoneoftherestaurants,thecurrentmenustartswiththetexture“silken”，10.____________(represent)bytofu.【语篇解读】本文是说明文，讲述了豆腐起源于中国，然后又传到日本等东亚国家，豆腐在全球流行起来却花了较长一段时