作业21　工作学习实指南类说明文2025高考英语大二轮考前必背七选五阅读

作业21工作学习实用指南类说明文2025高考英语大二轮考前必背七选五阅读作业21工作学习实用指南类说明文(分值：37.5分)(每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)A(2024·山东潍坊二模)Itwasdinnertime，yetIhadn’tfinishedmyworkfortheday.①Cheerypeoplewhowereenjoyingtheirholidaytimebuzzedaroundme.Butwithmyheaddownandheadphonesin，Ihadinteractedwithveryfewofthem.Thedaypassedmorelikea②fast-forwardedvideothansomethingthatIactuallyfullyexperienced.1Thiswasmyfirstweeklivingthedigitalnomadlifestyle.Ihadleftmycorporateroleandfoundfreelance(自由职业的)writingworkonlinetoaffordmethefreedomtotravel.2Withenthusiasm，Iexpectedmyattitudewouldalsochange.Instead，thefirstsurprisingrealizationofmytraveljourneyhadhit:despitechangingmyformalsuitstocasuals，IwastheexactsamepersonIhadbeenathome.Ihadpreparedexcitedly，surfingonlineaboutdigitalnomadism.3Whileyoumightexpectfinancestobethebiggestkillerofthislifestyle，unrealisticexpectationsarethedeathblowthatIhearaboutmostoften.Aftersixyearsabroad，realismisnowtheprimarymessageIshare.4Insteadofanofficeroom，you’llworkfromabalconyoverlookingtheMediterraneanorasunnyrooftopintheheartofMarrakesh.Insteadofwaitingatthecoffeemachinenexttocomplainingcolleagues，yourdailycoffeerunwillleadyoudowndustycobblestonestreetsintotinycafes.Thesedreamsexistandarewaitingforyouonceyouclearcustoms.Butthat’snotallthat’swaitingfornewdigitalnomads.5At-homelifeandlifeontheroadcanattimesfeelshockinglysimilar，or，ifbadworkhabitstakeover，evenworse.It’sanimportantexpectationtounderstandbeforeyousetoutonyourdigitalnomadlifestyle:yoursurroundingswillchange，butyoutakeyoueverywherethatyougo.Nomatterhow③ultra-lightyoupack.A．Andmysurroundingslookeddifferent.B．Butthiswasn’tatatiringnine-to-fiveofficejob.C．ThiswasatypicaldaybackinmyofficeImanagedtoescape.D．Newsurroundingsmayalsomakeyoufullyengagedinyourwork.E．Shouldyouchoosetobecomeadigitalnomad，yourenvironmentwillchange.F．You’llstillwakeupwithemailsinyourinboxandto-dosbeggingtobehandled.G．YetsomehowIunknowinglyover-consumedexpectationandunder-consumedrealism.语篇解读本篇讲述了作者初次体验移动办公digitalnomad的生活，突出了移动办公在期望与现实中的区别。1．答案B解析本空前一句说明作者的一天过得很快，这与上文描写的其他人悠闲的样子形成了反差，结合全文可以理解为是对移动办公(digitalnomad)的描写。B项“但这不是在朝九晚五的办公室工作”进一步点出了移动办公的性质，故选B。2．答案A解析本空前一句提到了作者离开了本来工作的公司成为自由职业者，这是一种环境的改变，A项中“surroundingslookeddifferent”与之相对应。3．答案G解析本空前一句提到作者曾激动地上网搜索“移动办公”，这体现出他对这种生活方式充满期望；后一句作者以过来者的身份，表明移动办公的最大障碍不是资金而是不切实际的期望。由此可知，空格处应提到作者不切实际的期望，忽视了现实。G项“然而不知何故，我在不知不觉中过度消费了期望，缺乏现实主义”符合语境。4．答案E解析下文主要讲述了移动办公与传统办公环境的区别。E项“如果你选择移动办公，你的环境会改变”体现出了移动办公与传统办公的区别。5．答案F解析本空前一句提到了“移动办公并不都是那样的”，结合上一段内容可知，其中的“that”指移动办公与传统办公的区别，因此本空应该填移动办公与传统办公的相似之处。F项中“邮箱爆满，忙不过来”是传统办公的特点，“still”表示此时已经脱离传统办公，表现出移动办公与传统办公有相似之处。语境猜词①cheery(派)＝cheer＋y愉快的，高兴的②fast-forwarded(合)＝fast＋forwarded快进的③ultra-light(合)＝ultra＋light超轻的B(2024·安徽蚌埠三模)WaystoincreaseyourreadingspeedInaworld①overflowingwithinformation，theabilitytoreadquicklyandeffectivelyisavaluableskill.Increasingyourreadingspeedisajourneythatcombinestechnique，practice，andapatientmindset.1Activereading.Activereadinginvolvesengagingwiththematerialratherthanpassivelyabsorbingwords.Techniquessuchasunderliningkeyphrases，takingbriefnotesandaskingquestionsaboutthecontentcansignificantlyenhanceyourreadingspeed.2Thatultimatelyleadstoaquickerreadingpace.Expandyourperipheral(周边的)vision.Asubstantialportionofreadinginvolvesthemovementofyoureyesacrosslinesoftext.Byexpandingyourperipheralvision，youcantakeinmorewordswitheachglance.3Thisadjustmentcanleadtoasignificantincreaseinreadingspeedwhilemaintainingcomprehension.Minimisesubvocalisation(默读)．Subvocalisation，orthehabitofpronouncingeachwordinyourheadasyouread，canbeamajorbarriertoreadingspeed.4Tobreakthesubvocalisationhabit，tryreadingpassageswherethecontentispresentedvisually，suchasingraphsorcharts.Thisexerciseencouragesyourbraintoprocessinformationwithoutrelyingontheinnervoice，graduallyreducingtheneedforsubvocalisation.5Likeanyskill，increasingyourreadingspeedrequiresconsistentpractice.Setasidedevotedtimeeachdayforfocusedreadingpractice.Graduallyincreasethe②complexityandlengthofthematerial，challengingyourbraintoreadfasterwhilemaintainingcomprehension.Thisintentionalandvariedpracticeiskeytoimprovingyour③newfoundspeed-readingskills.A．Practiceregularly.B．Concentrateonreading.C．Byfollowingthestrategies，you’llbelookingthroughtextsinnotime.D．Theseactionsforceyourbraintostayfocusedandprocessinformationmoreefficiently.E．Gradually，youreyeswillbecomebetteratcapturinginformationinawiderfieldofvision.F．Despiteanaturalpartofearlyreadingdevelopment，itcan④blockprogressofreadingfaster.G．Practicewideningyourfocustocapturegroupsofwordsratherthanfocusingononewordatatime.eq\x(语篇解读这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些提高阅读速度的方法。)1．答案C解析由上文“Inaworldoverflowingwithinformation...valuableskill.(在一个信息泛滥的世界里，快速有效阅读的能力是一项宝贵的技能。)”可知，本空要说跟“提高阅读速度策略”有关的话题，故C选项“Byfollowingthestrategies，you’llbelookingthroughtextsinnotime.(通过遵循这些策略，你很快就会浏览文本。)”能承接上文，引起下文，符合题意。故选C。2．答案D解析上文“Techniquessuchasunderliningkeyphrases...readingspeed.”提到了提高阅读速度的技巧，本空承接上文继续讲这些技巧带来的好处。D选项“Theseactionsforceyourbraintostayfocusedandprocessinformationmoreefficiently.”符合题意，其中的“Theseactions”指代上句中的“underliningkeyphrases”“takingbriefnotes”和“askingquestions”。故选D。3．答案G解析由上文“Asubstantialportionofreading...witheachglance.(阅读的很大一部分涉及你的眼睛在文本行的运动。通过扩大你的周边视野，你每看一眼就能吸收更多的单词。)”可知，本空要说跟“每看一眼就能吸收更多的单词”有关的话题，故G选项“Practicewideningyour...onewordatatime.(练习扩大你的注意力，捕捉一组单词，而不是一次只关注一个单词)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选G。4．答案F解析由上文“Minimisesubvocalisation(默读)．”可知，本空要说跟“减少默读的原因”有关的话题，故F选项“Despiteanaturalpartofearlyreadingdevelopment，itcanblockprogressofreadingfaster.(尽管它是早期阅读发展的自然组成部分，但它会阻碍快速阅读的发展。)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选F。5．答案A解析由下文内容“Likeanyskill...speed-readingskills.(像任何技能一样，提高阅读速度需要持续的练习。每天留出专门的时间进行集中的阅读练习。逐渐增加材料的复杂性和长度，挑战你的大脑在保持理解的同时读得更快。这种有意识的、多样化的练习是提高你新发现的快速阅读技能的关键。)”可知，本空要说跟“定期练习”有关的话题，故A选项“Practiceregularly.”能概括本段主题，符合题意。故选A。语境猜词①overflow(合)＝over＋flow充满，挤满②complexity(派)＝complex＋ity复杂性③newfound(合)＝new＋found新发现的；新得到的④block熟义：n.一块(木料、石头等)；街段，街区生义(文义)：v.阻碍C(2024·辽宁沈阳一模)Whenitcomestostudying，mostofus①bankonbeingabletofocusonoursubjectlikeashooteronhismissiontarget.Itiswhenweactuallysitdowntostudythatourmindsbegintoslipaway.Thisisbecausefocusislikeamuscle.Unlessyoubuildit，you’llbedistractedbyeverything！1•Makeato-dolistSometimesthesimpleactofwritingdowneverythingthat’sonyourplatemakesitmoremanageable.Yougetitoutofyourworkingmemory，soit’snolongerpartofthe②free-floatinganxietycloudaroundyou.2Onceit’soutofyourhead，itwon’tdistractyou.•Meditate(冥想)3Justbreathein，breatheout.Trythisforfivetofifteenminuteseachday.Asyougetintothispractice，mostfindtheirmindsareinfactanincrediblynoisyanddistractingplace.Loadsofideasarealwayspoppingup.Thisisnormal，though.Therealvalueisinnoticingeverytimeyourmindwanders，youbringyourattentionback.•ListenFocusedlisteningisalifeskill，onethatcanbeappliedinmanyareas.4Whenyoudothis，you’lldiscoverthatdeeplisteningisHARDWORKandrequiresbrainpower.•ReaddifficultworksReadlong-formpiecesofworkataslow，deliberatepace.Readingdifficultmaterialsuccessfullyrequiresrealconcentrationanddetermination，andyourwillpowerwillgrowaccordingly.Focusisaskillyoucannurtureinyourself.5Themoreyouworkonit，themorefocusedyouwillstay.A．Youcancrossthingsout，onebyone.B．Doingitisn’tsupposedtobenecessary.C．Ittakeseffort，buttheresultsarewellworthit.D．Onesimplepracticeistofocusonyourbreathing.E．Let’sseewhatyoucandotobuildyourfocuspower.F．You’llbephysicallystrongifyoucanpowerupyourfocus.G．It’simportanttodoyourlisteningactivelyand③single-mindedly.eq\x(语篇解读这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了培养专注力的几种方法。)1．答案E解析上文“Thisisbecausefocusislike...byeverything！(这是因为专注就像肌肉一样。除非你锻炼它，否则你会被所有事情分散注意力！)”说明专注力需要培养。结合下面四个小标题可知，空处引出培养专注力的方法。E项“Let’sseewhatyoucandotobuildyourfocuspower.(让我们看看你能做些什么来培养你的专注力)”能够承上启下，符合语境。故选E。2．答案A解析根据该部分的小标题“Makeato-dolist”和上文“Yougetitout...aroundyou.(你把它从你的工作记忆中清除了，所以它不再是你周围自由漂浮的焦虑云的一部分)”可知，该段主要讲述的方法是将列出的待办事项一件件去完成，A项“Youcancrossthingsout，onebyone.(你可以一个接一个划掉)”承接上文，并且引出下文“Onceit’soutofyourhead，itwon’tdistractyou.”说明将列出的待办事项一件件完成就是在消除焦虑，使其不再分散你的注意力。故选A。3．答案D解析该部分小标题“Meditate(冥想)”说明该段主要讲述冥想有助于培养专注力，且下文“Justbreathein...eachday.(吸气，呼气。每天尝试5到15分钟。)”讲到呼吸方法，空处也应该和呼吸有关，D项“Onesimplepracticeistofocusonyourbreathing.(一个简单的练习就是专注于你的呼吸)”呼应小标题，引出下文，符合语境。故选D。4．答案G解析根据该部分的小标题“Listen”和上文“Focusedlisteningis...manyareas.(专注倾听是一项生活技能，可以应用于许多领域。)”可知，倾听也有助于培养专注力，G项“It’simportanttodoyourlisteningactivelyandsingle-mindedly.(积极、一心一意地倾听是很重要的)”呼应小标题，衔接上文，引出下文“Whenyoudothis...requiresbrainpower.”，其中this指代G项中的“todoyourlisteningactivelyandsingle-mindedly”。故选G项。5．答案C解析上文“Focusisaskillyoucannurtureinyourself.(专注力是一种你可以自己培养的技能。)”说明专注力可以通过培养获得，下文“Themoreyouworkonit，themorefocusedyouwillstay.(你做得越多，你就会越专注。)”说明专注力越培养越有效。C项“Ittakeseffort，buttheresultsarewellworthit.(这需要努力，但结果是值得的)”说明为培养专注力做出的努力会有回报，承上启下，符合语境。故选C。语境猜词①bankon指望，期待②free-floating(合)＝free＋floating自由浮动的；浮动的③single-mindedly(合)＝single＋minded＋ly一心一意地；专心地作业22文学与艺术类说明文(分值：37.5分)(每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)A(2023·新课标Ⅱ)Asanartistwhosharesherjourneyonsocialmedia，I’moftenaskedbycuriousfollowershowtobeginanartjourney.Unfortunately，thereisnomagiclistIcanoffer.Idoremember，though，whatitwasliketobeacompletebeginner.SoI’veputtogethersomegoodtipsforstartinganartjourney.·Startsmall.Isuggestusingasketchbook(素描本)forsmall①studies.Thesesmallstudiesprovideinspirationandmaybea②springboardformorecomplexworksinthefuture.1You’llwanttolookbackonyourjourneytoseehowfaryou’vecome.·Paintoftenandpaintfromlife.There’snobetterwaytoimprovethantoputinthosebrushmiles.Whetheryoupaintstilllifes，portraits，orlandscapes，paintfromlifeasmuchaspossible.2·Continuallychallengeyourselftotrysomethingnew.3Artisticgrowthcanbeabitpainful.Welcometotheclub；we’veallbeenthere.Ilovetakingonchallenges.Ioncetookupachallengetocreateapaintingeverydayforamonthandposttheworksonline.·4Seekingandacceptingconstructivefeedback(反馈)iscrucialtogrowth.Ipostmyworkonsocialmediaand，inturn，havemetsomeofthekindestpeople.Theymakemefeelvaluedandrespected，nomattermylevelofartisticability.Thejourneyyou’reonwon’tfollowastraightpath.5Pushthrough，giveittimeandputintheeffort.Youwillharvesttherewardsofanartisticlife.A．Getoutofyourcomfortzone.B．Makecareerplansandsetgoals.C．Don’tthrowawayyourbeginnerart.D．Shareyourworkifyoufeelcomfortabledoingso.E．You’llhitroadblocks，andyou’llfeeldiscouragedattimes.F．Evaluateyourperformanceand，ifneeded，③redefineyourrole.G．You’lldevelopthatpaintingmusclememorythatonlycomeswithrepetition.eq\x(语篇解读本文是说明文。文章介绍了一些开始艺术之旅的好建议。)1．答案C解析根据设空处前后文内容可知，空处应是一个过渡句，从给出建议使用一个素描本进行小规模的学习和实践，到回顾自己的艺术之旅，所以C项(不要扔掉你初学时的艺术作品)符合文意，和后文形成顺承关系。故选C。2．答案G解析设空处位于段尾，是对本段的总结，根据前文可知，本段主要讲述要不断练习绘画，所以G项(你会逐渐形成只有通过反复练习才能获得的绘画肌肉记忆)是对前文的总结。故选G。3．答案A解析根据前文“Continuallychallengeyourselftotrysomethingnew.”以及后文“Artisticgrowthcanbeabitpainful.”可知，A项(走出你的舒适区)是对前句的进一步说明，且与后文构成顺承关系。故选A。4．答案D解析设空处位于段首，是本段的中心句，根据后文内容可知，本段主要讲述的是可以分享自己的作品，所以D项(如果你感觉舒适的话，可以分享你的作品)符合本段的主旨。故选D。5．答案E解析根据前文“Thejourneyyou’reonwon’tfollowastraightpath.”以及后文“Pushthrough，giveittimeandputintheeffort.Youwillharvesttherewardsofanartisticlife.”可知，E项(你会遇到障碍，有时你会感到气馁)是对前句的进一步说明，且与后文构成顺承关系。故选E。语境猜词①study熟义：v.学习，研究生义(文义)：n.(绘画的)试画②springboard(合)＝spring＋board跳板；出发点③redefine(派)＝re＋define重新定义，重新界定B(2022·新课标Ⅱ)Writinganessayisadifficultprocessformostpeople.However，theprocesscanbemadeeasierifyoulearntopracticethreesimpletechniques.1Whenyouarefirsttryingtothinkofideasforanessay，putyourpentoyourpaperandwritenonstopfortenorfifteenminuteswithoutlettingyourpenleavethepaper.Staylooseandfree.2Don’tworryaboutgrammarorspelling.Eventhoughthistechniquewon’tworkforeveryone，ithelpsmanypeoplegetagoodstoreofideastodrawon.Thenexttechniqueistowriteyourdraftrapidlywithoutworryingaboutbeingperfect.3Yet，bylearningtolivewith①imperfection，youwillsaveyourselfheadachesanda②wastepaperbasketfullofcrumpled(弄皱)paper.Thinkofyourfirstdraftasapathcutoutofthejungle—aspartofanexploration，notasacompletehighway.Thethirdtechniqueistotryprintingoutatriple-spaced(三倍行距)copytoallowspaceforrevision.4Asaresult，thesewritersnevergetinthehabitof③crossingoutchunks(大块)oftheirdraftandwritingrevisionsintheblankspace.Afteryouhaverevisedyourdraftuntilitistoomessytoworkfromanymore，youcanenteryourchangesintoyourwordprocessor.5Theresultingblankspaceinvitesyoutorevise.A．Makesureyourhandwritingisneat.B．Letyourpenfollowthewavesofthought.C．Theseconddraftoftheessayshouldbebetter.D．Firstofall，learnthetechniqueofnonstopwriting.E．Toomanywriterstrytogettheirdraftsrightthefirsttime.F．Manybeginningwritersdon’tleaveenoughspacetorevise.G．Thenyoucanprintoutafreshdraft，againsettingyourtextontriple-space.eq\x(语篇解读本文是说明文。文章主要讲述了写文章的三个技巧。)1．答案D解析分析文章结构和后两段首句可知，空格处是本段的主题句。由空后的“Whenyouarefirst...leavethepaper.”可知，本段主要讲的是要学会不间断地写，D选项概括了本段的主要内容，可作为主题句。2．答案B解析空前说“Staylooseandfree.”，空后说“Don’tworryaboutgrammarorspelling.”，因此空格处应说按心里想的写，自由发挥，B选项说明了按自己的思路和想法来写，承上启下，符合语境。3．答案E解析E选项中的“gettheirdrafts”和上文的“writeyourdraft”相呼应，说明了有很多人想第一次就写好，这是不合理的，要学会允许不完美的存在，因此E选项承上启下，符合语境。4．答案F解析F选项中的“revise”和前面的“revision”一致，指出了新手作者的常见做法，且其中的“Manybeginningwriters”和后文的“thesewriters”相呼应，因此F选项承上启下，符合语境。5．答案G解析根据空前和空后内容可知，空格处应说输入到文字处理器后应该做什么，G选项说的是输入到你的文字处理器后的做法，其中的“triple-space”和后文的“Theresultingblankspace”相呼应，因此G选项承上启下，符合语境。语境猜词①imperfection(派)＝im＋perfect＋ion不完美；瑕疵②wastepaper(合)＝waste＋paper废纸；纸屑③crossout划掉C(2024·广东深圳一模)Artcomesintwomaincategories:realisticandabstract.Realisticartaimstoshowreal-lifescenes，people，andobjectsexactlyastheyappear.Itinvolvespayingcloseattentiontodetails，makingthingslooklikephotographs.1It’smoreaboutexpressingfeelings，emotions，andideas.Realisticartiseasytounderstand.Viewerscaneasilyrecognizewhatisportrayed.TaketheMonaLisa，forexample—it’sarealisticpaintingofaladywithamysterioussmile.2Theyhelpustolearnaboutthepast.Unlikerealisticart，abstractartismoreaboutbeingcreative.3Theyuseshapes，colorsandpatternstoexpressfeelingsandideas.Abstractartmeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople.Somepeopleenjoytryingtofigureoutwhattheartworkconveys.4Realisticartneedsprecisionindrawingorsculptingtomakethingslookreal.Abstractartrequiresimaginationtouseshapesandcolorsinnewways.Manyartistsareskilledinboth.Theycreaterealisticpiecestodemonstratetheirtechnicalskillsandabstractonestodisplaytheir①creativity.Asforpersonalpreference，somepeopleprefertheclearstoriesofrealisticartwhileothersareattractedtothemysteryofabstractart，interpretingmeaningsintheshapesandforms.Together，thetwokindsofartmaketheartworlddiverseand②engaging.5A．Bothtypesofarttakeskillstomake.B．Photographspreservefacesoffolksfromlongago.C．Graspingabstractartdemandsmoreartistictraining.D．Bothwaysofcreatingarthavetheirownvalueandbeauty.E．Incontrast，abstractartfocuseslessonrealisticappearances.F．Artworkslikethistellstoriesabouthistoryandeverydaylife.G．Artistshavethefreedomtogobeyondreal-life③representations.语篇解读这是一篇说明文。文章主要以现实主义艺术和抽象艺术为主题讲述了各自的特点，在表现形式方面的各自特点形成了艺术世界的多样性和美的价值。1．答案E解析根据后文“It’smoreabout...andideas.(它更多的是表达感觉、情感和想法。)”并结合常识可知，该句的主题是抽象艺术，因此可推知，设空句应提到抽象艺术。选项E“Incontrast，abstractartfocuseslessonrealisticappearances.(相比之下，抽象艺术较少关注现实的外观)”符合题意，空后的It指代选项中“abstractart”，同时“Incontrast”可与前文构成对比关系，前后衔接紧密。故选E项。2．答案F解析根据前文“TaketheMonaLisa...amysterioussmile.(以《蒙娜丽莎》为例，这是一幅现实主义画作，画的是一位带着神秘微笑的女士。)”可知，设空句应对这个《蒙娜丽莎》的举例进行总结，并体现现实主义艺术的特点。选项F“Artworkslikethistellstoriesabouthistoryandeverydaylife.(像这样的艺术品讲述了历史和日常生活的故事)”符合题意，与后文“helpustolearnaboutthepast(帮助我们了解过去)”在内容上衔接紧密。故选F项。3．答案G解析根据前文“Unlikerealisticart，abstractartismoreaboutbeingcreative.(与现实主义艺术不同，抽象艺术更注重创造性。)”可知，该段在讲述抽象艺术的特点。设空句承接前文，应是对抽象艺术的特点“创造性”进行进一步解释。选项G“Artistshavethefreedomtogobeyondreal-liferepresentations.(艺术家有超越现实生活表现的自由)”中“超越现实生活表现的自由”即为前文提及的“创造性”的进一步解释，同时呼应后文“Theyuseshapes，colorsandpatternstoexpressfeelingsandideas.”。故选G项。4．答案A解析设空句为该段的首句，应是该段的主旨句。根据后文“Realisticartneeds...inboth.(现实主义艺术需要精确的绘画或雕刻，使事物看起来真实。抽象艺术需要想象力，以新的方式使用形状和颜色。许多艺术家在这两方面都很熟练。)”可知，该段讲述的核心内容是两种艺术创作都需要技巧以及艺术家们对两种艺术的应用。选项A“Bothtypesofarttakeskillstomake.(这两种类型的艺术都需要技巧去创作)”可总结该段的核心内容，作为该段的首句。故选A项。5．答案D解析根据前文“Together，thetwokindsofart...engaging.(这两种艺术共同使艺术世界多样化和引人入胜。)”可知，作为末尾部分，前文以及设空句应是对两种艺术形式的褒义总结。选项D“Bothwaysofcreatingarthavetheirownvalueandbeauty(两种艺术创作方式都有各自的价值和美)”符合题意，与前文在句意上衔接紧密，可作为末尾句。故选D项。语境猜词①creativity(派)＝creativ(e)＋ity创造力，独创性②engaging(派)＝engag(e)＋ing迷人的，吸引人的③representation(派)＝represent＋ation表现作业23人与自然及环境类说明文(分值：37.5分)(每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)A(2024·湖南邵阳二模)Coralreefsaretherainforestsoftheocean.Theyexistonvastscalesandareequallyimportanthavens(避风港)ofbiodiversity.Reefsoccupy0.1%oftheoceans.12Withouttheprotectionwhichreefsaffordfromcrashingwaves，①low-lyingislandssuchastheMaldiveswouldhavefloodedlongago，andabillionpeoplewouldlosefoodorincome.However，reefsareunderthreatfromrisingseatemperatures.Heatcausesthealgae(海藻)withwhichcoralsarelivingtogethertogeneratetoxins(毒素)thatforcethosecoraltoleave.Thiscancauseacoral’sdeath.Researchgroupsaroundtheworldarecomingupwithplansofactiontoseeifthatwillhelp，suchasidentifyingnaturally②heat-resistantcoralsand③cross-breedingsuchcoralstocreateanewtype.3Withoutcarbonreductionanddeclineinlocal，coral-killingpollution，evenresistantcoralswillnotsurvivethecentury.Doubtersdoubthumanitywillgetitsacttogetherintimetomakemuchdifference.4Carbontargetsarebeingsetandoceanpollutionisbeingdealtwith.Countriesthatshareresponsibilitiesforreefsarestartingtoacttogether.Scientificworkaroundscanalsobefound.Naturalcurrentscanbeappliedtofacilitatemassbreeding.Sitesofthegreatestecologicalandeconomicalimportancecanbeidentifiedtomaximizebangforbuck.Thismixofnaturalactivityandhumaninterventionisimportant.5Hard-coregreens—thosewhothinkthatallhabitatsshouldbekeptunspoiled—maynotapprove.Butwhenentireecosystemsarefacingdestruction，thecostofdoingnothingistoogreattobear.A．Coralsareusefultopeople.B．Butthereare④groundsforoptimism.C．Andtheyhostaquarterofmarinespecies.D．Itcouldserveasablueprintforotherecosystems.E．Coral’sglobalecosystemservicesareworthupto$10trnayear.F．Thisresearchcanalsobebroughttobearontryingtosaveentireecosystems.G．However，theassistedevolutionofcoralsdoesnotmeetwithuniversalenthusiasm.语篇解读这是一篇说明文。珊瑚礁对海洋生态系统和人类至关重要，但是珊瑚礁正受到海水温度上升的威胁，研究人员正在采用自然活动和人为干预相结合的措施进行保护。1．答案C解析根据前文“珊瑚礁是海洋中的热带雨林。它们规模庞大，同样是生物多样性的重要避风港”可知，此处是讲珊瑚礁是海洋生物多样性的重要避风港，C项“它们是四分之一海洋物种的家园”同样描述前文语境，切合文意。故选C。2．答案A解析根据后文“如果没有珊瑚礁所提供的保护，像马尔代夫这样地势低洼的岛屿很久以前就会被洪水淹没，10亿人将失去食物和收入”可知，此处是说明珊瑚礁的重要用途。A项“珊瑚对人类很有用”切合文意，起到引出后文的作用。故选A。3．答案G解析根据前文“世界各地的研究小组正在制定行动计划，看看这是否会有所帮助。比如识别天然耐热珊瑚，并对这种珊瑚进行杂交，以创造一种新的珊瑚”和后文“如果不减少碳排放，不减少对当地珊瑚造成伤害的污染，即使是有抵抗力的珊瑚也无法在本世纪存活”可知，此处是指珊瑚的辅助进化并没有受到广泛的认可，G项“然而，珊瑚的辅助进化并没有受到普遍的支持”切合文意，起到承上启下的作用。故选G。4．答案B解析根据后文“碳排放目标正在制定，海洋污染正在处理。对珊瑚礁负有共同责任的国家开始共同行动”可知，此处是指情况也有好的趋势，B项“但我们有理由感到乐观”说明事情在往好的方面发展，切合文意，起到承上启下的作用。故选B。5．答案D解析根据前文“这种自然活动和人类干预的相结合的措施是很重要的”并结合选项可知，此处应讲这种措施更广泛的应用情况。D项“它可以作为其他生态系统的蓝图”切合文意。D项中的It指代前文的措施“Thismixofnaturalactivityandhumanintervention”。故选D。语境猜词①low-lying(合)＝low＋lying低洼的②heat-resistant(合)＝heat＋resistant抗热的，耐热的③cross-breed(合)＝cross＋breed使杂交，杂交繁育④ground熟义：n.地，地面生义(文义)：n.充分的理由B(2024·湖北七市州二模)MynameisMcKenzieSkilesandI’masnowhydrologist(水文学家)attheUniversityofUtahinSaltLakeCity.1Actually，thepurposeistotrackdust’simpactonwaterresources.Iammostinterestedintheimpactofwarmingtemperaturesonsnowmeltingrates，andIhavestartedstudyingsnowmeltsince2009inUtahandColorado.WhenIskiedtoresearchsitesinUtahtocollectsnowformyexperiment，the①mountainouslandscapeswerecoveredindust.2It’sclearthat2009wasoneofthebiggestyearsfordustdeposition(沉积)ontosnow.3Iusuallyhavetocoverseveralkilometers，carryinga27-kilogrammepackwithashovel(铲子)todigasnowhole，toolstocutsnowandmeasureitsdensity，andcontainerstocollectsnowforanalyses.Oneyear，Ihitadustyareaofsnow，brokemyskiandslicedmylegopen.Inareaswithheavydustdeposition，suchasthesouthernRockyMountains，dustspeedsupmeltingbyoneortwomonths.Warmingairtemperaturesaffectsnowgathering，butdustbuildsupovertimeand②darkensthesurface.4I’mnowexploringdifferenticeandsnowlandscapesforfurtherresearch.Forexample，howblack-carbonbuildupfollowingforestfiresaffectsmelting.5Aswemoveintoafuturethatislikelytobeevendustier，weneedthemtopredictsnowmeltformanyreasons，includingworkingouthowtousewaterinthewesternUnitedStatesefficiently.A．Thedustcausedalotoftrouble.B．Iwentformilesinthewilderness.C．Doingmyresearchisnoeasytask.D．Oneofthegoalsistodevelopsnowmeltmodels.E．InColorado，thereddustfromdesertsoilshadalsoblownin.F．Asaresult，thesnowwillabsorbmoresunlightandquickenmelting.G．Myjobistoskiinthewildernesstomeasuredustontopofsnoweachspring.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了雪水文学家McKenzieSkiles的研究工作及其意义。1．答案G解析根据上文“MynameisMcKenzieSkiles...inSaltLakeCity.”以及下文“Actually，thepurposeis...resources.(实际上，目的是追踪灰尘对水资源的影响。)”可知，这里介绍了MckenzieSkiles的身份和职业并指出实际上工作的目的是追踪灰尘对水资源的影响。因此，空处内容需衔接上下文，并解释MckenzieSkiles的工作具体是什么，G项“Myjobistoskiinthewildernesstomeasuredustontopofsnoweachspring.”符合语境，故选G。2．答案E解析根据上文“WhenIskiedto...werecoveredindust.(当我滑雪到犹他州的研究地点为我的实验收集雪时，山区景观被灰尘覆盖。)”以及下文“It’sclearthat...snow.(很明显，2009年是雪上灰尘沉积最多的年份之一。)”可知，此处描述了在犹他州的研究地点滑雪收集雪样时，山区景观被灰尘覆盖的情景。因此空处内容应既能与上句中的描述相联系，又能为下句提供背景或证据，E项“InColorado，thereddustfromdesertsoilshadalsoblownin.(在科罗拉多州，沙漠土壤中的红色灰尘也被吹进来了)”符合语境，故选E。3．答案C解析根据下文“Iusually...foranalyses.(我通常要走几公里，带着一个27公斤重的包和一把挖雪洞的铲子，带着削雪和测量雪密度的工具，带着收集雪进行分析的容器)”可知，此处表达的是作者的研究工作不是一件容易的事，C项“Doingmyresearchisnoeasytask.(做我的研究绝非易事)”符合语境，故选C。4．答案F解析根据上文“Warmingairtemperatures...thesurface.(气温升高会影响积雪，但随着时间的推移，灰尘会堆积起来，使地表变暗)”可知，空处承接上文内容，并解释灰尘使雪的表面变黑之后可能产生的后果，F项“Asaresult，thesnowwillabsorbmoresunlightandquickenmelting.(因此，雪会吸收更多的阳光，加速融化)”符合语境，故选F。5．答案D解析上文提到作者正在探索不同的冰雪景观以进行进一步的研究，并给出了一个具体的例子，即森林火灾后黑色碳的积累如何影响融化。下文提到未来可能会出现的更加多尘的环境，并强调了预测雪融化的重要性，包括如何在美国西部有效利用水资源。由此可知，空处需承接上文关于雪融化的研究，并引出下文对未来环境的预测以及水资源利用的讨论，D项“Oneofthegoalsistodevelopsnowmeltmodels.(目标之一是开发融雪模型)”符合语境，故选D。语境猜词①mountainous(派)＝mountain＋ous多山的②darken(派)＝dark＋en使变暗，变黑C(2024·江西萍乡一模)NewAnimalsInnort