作业52　四选一阅读＋完形填空＋语法填2025高考英语大二轮高考题型组合练

作业52四选一阅读＋完形填空＋语法填2025高考英语大二轮高考题型组合练作业52四选一阅读＋完形填空＋语法填空(分值：40分)Ⅰ.四选一阅读(每小题2.5分，满分10分)(2024·河北邢台一模)ArecentstudyconductedbytheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)hasdiscoveredthatrivererosion(侵蚀)canleadtoincreasedbiodiversityinareaswithminimaltectonic(地壳构造的)activity.TheresearchersfocusedtheirattentionontheTennesseeRiverBasinandexaminedhowtheerosionofvariousrocktypesbytheriverhadledtotheseparationanddiversificationofatypeoffishcalledthegreenfindarter.Astimepassed，theseseparatefishpopulationsevolvedintodistinctfamilieswithgeneticdifferences.ScientistThomasNearobservedthatthegreenfindarterwasexclusivelyfoundinthesouthernhalfoftheTennesseeRiverBasin.TheresearchersanalyzedthegenesofeachfishinNear’sdatasetandconstructedanevolutionarytree.Thistreehelpedthemcomprehendtheevolutionanddifferencesofthegreenfindarterspecies.Theydiscoveredthatthefishwithinthesamebranchoftheriverweremorecloselyrelatedtoeachotherthantothefishinotherbranches.Thisstudyprovidesevidencethatrivererosionsignificantlyimpactsbiodiversityinregionswithlowtectonicactivity.Itillustrateshowchangesinthelandscapecausedbyrivererosioncanleadtothedivisionanddiversificationofspeciesovertime，eveninpeacefulenvironments.Thesefindingsenhanceourunderstandingofthemechanisms(机制)thatdrivebiodiversityandevolution，eveninareasthatarenottypicallyassociatedwithintensetectonicactivity.Subsequently，theteamdiscoveredastrongcorrelationbetweenthehabitatsofthegreenfindarterandthetypeofrockspresent.ThesouthernhalfoftheTennesseeRiverBasinconsistsofhard，tightlypackedrocks，resultinginturbulent(湍急的)wavesintheriversthatflowthroughit.Thischaracteristicmaybefavoredbythegreenfindarter.Asaresult，theteamassumedwhetherthedistributionofgreenfindarterhabitatshadbeeninfluencedbythechangingrocktypes，astheriverserodedthelandovertime.Totestthisassumption，theresearchersdevelopedasimulationmodel.Remarkably，theresultsconfirmedtheirassumption.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究发现河流侵蚀可以增加地壳活动少的地区的生物多样性，并以一种名叫绿鳍鲷的鱼为例，说明了这种影响。1．WhatisnewabouttheMITstudy?A．Itfindsrivererosioncanenhancebiodiversity.B．Itfurtherprovesthemechanismsofrivererosion.C．Itprovesthegeographicalfeaturesofbiodiversity.D．Itclassifiesatypeoffishcalledthegreenfindarter.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Arecentstudyconducted...canleadtoincreasedbiodiversityinareaswithminimaltectonic(地壳构造的)activity.”可知，麻省理工学院的这项研究发现河流侵蚀可以增加生物多样性。故选A。2．Whatcanwelearnaboutthegreenfindarter?A．Theirappearancesvarybetweenfamilies.B．Theirgeneticconstitutionshavediversified.C．Theypreferthedeepandslow-flowingriver.D．Theygoextinctinthechanginglandscapeofrivers.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的“TheresearchersfocusedtheirattentionontheTennesseeRiverBasin...theseseparatefishpopulationsevolvedintodistinctfamilieswithgeneticdifferences.”可知，绿鳍鲷的基因构成变得多样化了。故选B。3．HowdidNearhelptheresearchersreachtheirconclusion?A．Bycreatinganevolutionarytreeofthefish.B．Byofferingthefish’sgeneticdata.C．Byreasoningoutthetimethefishevolveandseparate.D．Byanalyzingthegeneticsimilaritybetweendifferentfish.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“TheresearchersanalyzedthegenesofeachfishinNear’sdatasetandconstructedanevolutionarytree.”可知，Near通过提供鱼的基因数据帮助研究人员得出结论。故选B。4．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．RiverErosionCanShapeFishEvolutionB．GeneticChangeintheGreenfinDarterC．EvolutionaryTreeAnalysisoftheGreenfinDarterD．TheImpactofClimateChangeonFishDiversity答案A解析标题归纳题。根据第一段并结合全文内容可知，文章主要说明了研究发现河流侵蚀可以增加生物多样性，并以一种名叫绿鳍鲷的鱼为例，说明了这种影响。由此可知，A选项“河流侵蚀影响鱼类进化”最符合文章标题。故选A。Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分，满分15分)(2024·湖北武汉一模)LexiReedweighed485poundsattheageof25—aweightthatwasquite1.Dannywasoverweighthimselfeventhoughhecameinat280pounds.But，the2partofeverythingwasthatthecouplewerebothgainingmoreweightonwhattheyalreadyhadwitheachpassingday.Someofthedailyactivities，nomatterhowsimple，becameareal3forthecouple.However，aftercelebratingtheirfirst4in2016，theydecidedtomakeapositivechangeintheirlife.Thecouplewasmakingmanyplansto5inthenewyear2016likemanyotherpeoplearoundtheworld.TheymadeaNewYear’sresolution.But，itwasnot6tomanythatweremade，astheydecidedto7achallengethatwouldchangetheirlivesforever—andforgood!Somanypeoplemakepromisestothemselvesandothersthattheydon’treally8，buttheReedswerenotabouttoactliketheothers.Theirswereboundtocometo9.Itwascompletelyunknowntothecouplethatpeoplewereactually10themonlinewhentheystartedtheirjourney.Their11attractedlotsofattention，andpeoplecheeredthemon.Lexikeptherfriendsandfamily12withherprogressthroughInstagram.Buttheywereyettoreceiveamajor13oftheirlives：Theywere14inapopularissueofPeopleMagazineknownas“HalfTheirSize”．Beforelong，thecouple’sstoryhadbecomeareal15.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述的是LexiReed和Danny夫妇都很胖，但是却决心为自己的生活做出积极改变，在网上有很多人关注他们的进展，后来他们甚至还登上了杂志，成了热门话题。1．A.unforgivable B．unbelievableC．unachievable D．uncomfortable答案B解析unforgivable不可饶恕的；unbelievable令人难以置信的；unachievable不可实现的；uncomfortable不舒服的。根据上文“LexiReedweighed485poundsattheageof25”可知，LexiReed的体重是令人难以置信的。故选B。2．A.vital B．strangeC．miserable D．miracle答案C解析vital关键的；strange奇怪的；miserable悲惨的；miracle神奇的。根据下文“thecouplewerebothgainingmoreweightonwhattheyalreadyhadwitheachpassingday”可知，他们的体重还在增加，这是很悲惨的。故选C。3．A.issue B．concernC．debate D．possibility答案A解析issue问题；concern担忧；debate辩论；possibility可能性。根据上文“LexiReedweighed485poundsattheageof25”和“Dannywasoverweighthimselfeventhoughhecameinat280pounds.”可知，夫妻两个都很胖，所以一些日常活动对他们来说是一个问题。故选A。4．A.birthday B．valentineC．Christmas D．anniversary答案D解析birthday生日；valentine情人节；Christmas圣诞节；anniversary纪念日。根据上文“theirfirst”及下文“theydecidedtomakeapositivechangeinlife”可知，他们在一个重要的节日决定要做出积极改变，“纪念日”符合语境。故选D。5．A.work B．runC．ring D．surge答案C解析work工作；run跑步；ring敲钟；surge急剧上升。根据下文“inthenewyear2016.”可知，他们制定一些计划来迎接新年，ringinthenewyear意为“迎接新年”。故选C。6．A.equal B．similarC．familiar D．inferior答案B解析equal平等的；similar类似的；familiar熟悉的；inferior低等的。根据下文“buttheReedswerenotabouttoactliketheothers”可知，他们和其他人的新年决心不同，因此空格处是similar。故选B。7．A.takeon B．takeoutC．takeoff D．takein答案A解析takeon接受；takeout拿出去；takeoff脱掉；takein吸收。根据下文“achallengethatwouldchangetheirlivesforever”可知，他们决定接受一个将永远改变他们生活的挑战。故选A。8．A.putout B．breakoutC．spreadout D．carryout答案D解析putout扑灭；breakout爆发；spreadout伸开；carryout实施。根据上文“Somanypeoplemakepromisestothemselvesandothersthattheydon’treally”及常识可知，很多人会做出承诺，但是不能真正地履行。故选D。9．A.fame B．formationC．top D．reality答案D解析fame名声；formation构成；top顶部；reality现实。根据上文“Somanypeoplemakepromisestothemselvesandothersthattheydon’treally，buttheReedswerenotabouttoactliketheothers.”可知，很多人做出的承诺并不能实现，但是他们跟别人不同，所以他们的承诺注定要成为现实。故选D。10．A.doubting B．recordingC．following D．serving答案C解析doubt怀疑；record记录；follow(在社交媒体上)关注；serve服务。根据“themonline”可知，很多人在网上关注这对夫妇。故选C。11．A.success B．enterpriseC．mission D．innovation答案B解析success成功；enterprise事业；mission使命；innovation创新。根据上文“theirjourney”和第一段的“theydecidedtomakeapositivechangeintheirlife”可知，此处指他们改变自己的生活的事业吸引了很多人的关注。故选B。12．A.updated B．inspiredC．moved D．connected答案A解析update向……提供最新信息；inspire激励；move移动；connect连接。根据上文“peoplewereactuallythemonline”可知，很多人在网上关注他们，所以Lexi通过Instagram向她的朋友和家人更新了她的进展。故选A。13．A.achievement B．commitmentC．surprise D．boost答案C解析achievement成就；commitment承诺，保证；surprise惊喜；boost帮助。根据下文“TheywereinapopularissueofPeopleMagazineknownas‘HalfTheirSize’．”可知，他们登上了杂志，这对他们来说是惊喜。故选C。14．A.praised B．featuredC．documented D．memorized答案B解析praise表扬；feature特写；document记录；memorize记忆。根据下文“inapopularissueofPeopleMagazineknownas‘HalfTheirSize’”可知，他们登上了杂志，空格处用feature，表示杂志对他们进行人物专访或进行特写。故选B。15．A.hit B．incidentC．gossip D．legend答案A解析hit热门话题；incident事件；gossip流言蜚语；legend传说。根据上文“TheywereinapopularissueofPeopleMagazineknownas‘HalfTheirSize’．”可知，他们登上了杂志，很快就成了热门的话题。故选A。Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，满分15分)(2024·江苏南京一模)Inrecentyears，ChinahasbeenworkinghardtoimprovelivingconditionsinruralareasthroughaprogramcalledtheNewRuralDevelopmentInitiative.1.goalofthisinitiativeistoimproveinfrastructure(基础设施)，modernizefarmingpractices，andenhancetheoverallqualityoflifeforthose2.(live)inthecountryside.Oneimportantaspectoftheinitiativeistheimprovementofruralinfrastructure3.________________includestheconstructionofbetterroads，bridges，andwateringsystems4.______________(improve)theefficiencyoftransportationandagriculturalactivities.Anotherkeyfocusisthepromotionofmodernagricultural5.(technique)．Byintroducingadvancedfarmingmethodsandtechnologies，suchasorganicfarmingandtheuseofmachinery，farmersareabletoincreasetheirproductivityandincome6.damagingtheenvironment.Furthermore，theinitiativeemphasizestheimportanceofpreservingtraditionalcultureandheritageinruralcommunities.Efforts7.(make)toregeneratelocaltraditions，whichnotonlyenrichesthecultural8.(diverse)ofthecountrysidebutalsocreatesnewopportunitiesforculturaltourismandsustainabledevelopment.Theinitiativealsoaimstoenhancethelivingenvironmentinruralareasthroughtherestorationoftraditionalhouses9.__________________theconstructionofpublicfacilities.Throughtheinitiative，Chinaisworkinghardtocreateamoreprosperous(繁荣的)and10.________________(harmony)countryside，providingitsruralresidentswithbetteropportunitiesandanimprovedqualityoflife.语篇解读本文是一篇新闻报道。近年来，中国一直在努力通过一个名为“新农村建设行动”的项目改善农村地区的生活条件。这一倡议的目标是改善基础设施，实现农业现代化，提高农村居民的整体生活质量。1．答案The解析考查冠词。此处goal特指这一倡议的目标，应用定冠词the，首字母大写。故填The。2．答案living解析考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，live与其逻辑主语those构成主动关系，应用现在分词，作定语。故填living。3．答案that/which解析考查定语从句。此处是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词improvement，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that或which。4．答案toimprove解析考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，improve在句中作目的状语，应用动词不定式。故填toimprove。5．答案techniques解析考查名词复数。technique为可数名词，结合语境可知，数量大于一，应用复数形式。故填techniques。6．答案without解析考查介词。后跟动名词作宾语，表示“不，没有”应用介词without。故填without。7．答案arebeingmade/aremade/havebeenmade解析考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。此处主语与谓语构成被动关系，结合此处语境可知，表示正在进行可用现在进行时的被动语态；陈述事实可用一般现在时的被动语态或表示过去发生的动作对现在产生影响，用现在完成时的被动语态，主语为复数名词，谓语用复数。故填arebeingmade/aremade/havebeenmade。8．答案diversity解析考查名词。此处作动词的宾语，应用名词diversity“多样性”，不可数。故填diversity。9．答案and解析考查连词。此处therestorationoftraditionalhouses与后文theconstructionofpublicfacilities为并列关系，应用连词and。故填and。10．答案harmonious解析考查形容词。此处修饰名词countryside，应用形容词harmonious“和谐的”，作定语。故填harmonious。作业53应用文写作＋读后续写(分值：40分)Ⅰ.应用文写作(邀请信)(满分15分)(2024·湖南益阳三模)假定你是学生会主席李华，你校计划定于6月10日在体育馆举办高三毕业典礼，请写封邮件邀请你校外教David参加，内容包括：1．典礼时间与地点；2．典礼内容；3．期待回复。注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；2．请按如下格式作答。DearDavid，Yourssincerely，LiHua参考范文DearDavid，Howiseverythinggoing?Withgreatexcitementanddelight，Iamwritingtoinviteyoutoattendourgraduationceremony，whichisscheduledtobeheldat9：00amonJune10intheschoolgym.Therearemanysignificantactivities，whichwillneverfailtoimpressyou.Atthebeginning，theheadmasterwilldeliveraspeechtoexpresshissincerecongratulationsonourgraduation.Afterthat，torecallourunforgettableexperiencesinhighschool，someelaborateshowswillbeperformed.What’smore，don’tmissthegoldenmomentwhenwewillgathertogethertotakephotos.Wewouldbeparticularlyhonoredbyyourdistinguishedpresenceattheceremonyandwearelookingforwardtoyourcoming.Pleasereplytomeatyourconvenience.Yourssincerely，LiHuaⅡ.读后续写(满分25分)(2024·山东青岛一模)阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Ibeggedmymomtoletmemakecookiesbymyself.EventhoughIhadneverattemptedbakingbefore，IwasnineyearsoldandmyfriendEmmiehadbeenbakingcupcakesbyherselfforayear.IwasdeterminedtoprovethatIcouldmakeit.Mybrother，Caleb，laughedattheideaofmecookingalone，callingitadisaster.Havingabigbrothercanbeannoying.Despitehislaughing，mymomagreedtoletmetry.SheremindedmetotakemytimeandbecarefulbecauseI’dhadsomemessyspillsbeforeIwasnine.Iracedtothekitchenandwenttowork.Icrackedeggsandputacoldstickofbutterintothebowl.Iturnedonthemixeratmediumspeed—andwhoa.Whoa.Whoa!Whatadisaster!Ihadtowipebutteroffmyface，thenoffthetableandfloor.Calebmadefunofmeagain，callingmeamess.Ichasedhimawaywithaspoonandturnedbacktothemixingbowl.Istartedagainwithsofterbutter.Referringtotherecipe，Ipouredeverythingneededintothebowlandmixedit.Afterthat，Iputroundbatter(面糊)ontothecookiesheetandputitintotheoven(烤箱)．Withinaminute，afantasticsmellfilledthekitchen—thesmellofcookiesuccess!IwasgoingtoprovethatIwasresponsible.Nomoreeye-rollingfrommybrother.Nomore“You’retooyoung”frommyparents.Iwasgrownupandincontrol.Istaredintotheoven，andmyheartsank.Theneat，littleballshadmelted(融化)andoverflowedtotheedgesofthecookiesheet.IpulledthepanoutjustasCalebwanderedbackintothekitchen.“Whatintheworld？”Hestartedtolaugh.“Cookiesoup？”“Youjustbequiet，”Iwhispered，tryingnottocry.“Justleavemealone.”“How’sitgoinginthere？”Dadcalledfromth