培优练（二十三）　2025南京、盐城高三二模含答案

培优练（二十三）2023·南京、盐城高三二模eq\a\vs4\al\co1()40分钟Ⅰ.阅读理解IntroOurOnlineChineseSummerCampprogramisawonderful,immersiveonlineChineselearningexperiencespecificallydesignedforlearningChineseremotely.SuitableAgeKidsaged10to16CampContentInteractiveChineselessons,culturalactivitiesandvirtualtripsScheduleMondaytoFridayTheclasstimeisscheduledaccordingtodifferenttimezones.CampLevelsOnlineChineseCampisdividedinto2levels—Non－NativeChineseCampforbeginnertointermediatelevelsandChineseCampforintermediatetoadvancedlevels.Non－NativeChineseCampforkidsfromnon－nativeChinesefamiliesChineseCampforkidsfromnativeChinesefamiliesREQUIREMENTS·NoChineselanguageexperienceneeded·NoChineselanguageexposureineverydaylife·ChineselanguageexperienceinanativeChinese－speakingfamilyCONTENT√FunandinteractiveonlinelessonsandactivitiestoraisetheinterestinlearningChinese√IntroductiontoChinesecharacterswithstoriesandpictures√Developpracticalcommunicationskills√BasicconversationsinChinese√Project－basedculturalactivitiestoincreasetheunderstandingofChineseculture√Funandinteractiveonlinelessonstoimprove4languageskills—Listening,Speaking，Reading&Writing√IntermediateconversationsinChinesethroughvariousculturalandlanguageactivities√MoreadvancedlessonstoincreaseChinesevocabulary√Project－basedculturalactivitiestodeepentheunderstandingofChinesecultureReadytoSignUp?Contactus(www.C)andwewillbehappytoansweryourquestionsandhelpyouchoosetherightcamp.Don’tforgettoaskusaboutearlybirdprice!【语篇解读】本文是应用文，是一则在线汉语学习夏令营的广告。1.Whatisthetext?A.Acoursereview. B.Acommercialad.C.Anacademicarticle. D.Anactivityschedule.答案B[文章类别题。根据Intro部分的内容以及ReadytoSignUp？部分的内容可知，本文是一则汉语夏令营的广告，介绍了针对人群、要求和内容等相关信息。]2.WhatcankidsdoinChineseCamp?A.ImproveintegratedChineseskills.B.MakeupbasicChinesedialogues.C.Learncharactersthroughfunstories.D.Prepareforadvancedvocabularytests.答案A[细节理解题。根据表格中的“Funandinteractiveonlinelessonstoimprove4languageskills—Listening，Speaking，Reading&Writing”可知，孩子们在汉语营可以提高综合汉语技能。]3.Whatcanwelearnabouttheprogram?A.Itinvolvesskillsforcampingtrips.B.Itoffersadiscountifyoubookearlier.C.Ithasafixedtimetableregardlessoftimezones.D.Itincludesoff－lineinteractiveactivitiesinChina.答案B[推理判断题。根据ReadytoSignUp？部分的“Don’tforgettoaskusaboutearlybirdprice！”可推知，你如果提前预订，就能享受折扣价。]InsoutheasternBrazil,localfisherswalkintodarkwatersinsearchofmullet(鲻鱼).Ontheirown,itwouldbetrickytofindthesilveryfish.Butthehumansgethelpfromanunusualpartner:wildbottlenosedolphins.Withnetsinhand,thefisherspatientlywaitastheircetacean(鲸类的)partnersdrivethefishtowardtheshore.Asignalfromthedolphins—usuallyadeepdive—indicateswhentheyshouldcasttheirnets.Thisfishingpartnershiphaspasseddownthroughthegenerations,lastingformorethanacentury.Whileresearchersknewhumansprofitedfromthispairing,theycouldn’tconfirmwhetheritbenefitedthedolphins.Now,inanewstudyinProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,researcherssuggestcetaceansthathuntwithhumanshavemorechancestolivethanthosethatdon’t.“Human－wildlifecooperationingeneralisararephenomenonataglobalscale，”saysMauricioCantor,abiologistatOregonStateUniversityandleaderofthestudy.“Usuallyhumansgainthebenefit,andnaturepaysthecost.Butthisinteractionhasbeenhappeningforover150years.”Fishersweremoresuccessfulwhentheyworkedwiththedolphins.Whendolphinswerepresent,thefisherswere17timesmorelikelytocatchprey(猎物)andnettednearlyfourtimesmoremulletwhentheytimedtheircastingwiththecetaceans’signals.Eighty－sixpercentofall4，955mulletcaughtduringthestudyperiodcamefrom“synchronous(同时发生的)interactions”—whenthealliesorganizedtheiractionsperfectlywithoneanother.Thestudyalsorevealeddolphinshuntingwithhumanshada13percentincreaseinthesurvivalrateoverotherdolphins.Thesecooperativedolphinsaremorelikelytostayneartheshore,reducingtheirchanceofentanglement(缠住)inillegalfishingequipment.Besides,thedolphinscantakesomefishdirectlyfromthefishers’harvest.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。在巴西东南部，当地渔民和不寻常的伙伴——野生宽吻海豚合作捕鱼，这种习惯代代相传。这种合作带来的影响是渔民捕捉到猎物的可能性是原来的17倍，同时海豚的生存机会也增加了，这揭示了一种罕见的、独特的人与海豚和谐共处的共生关系。4.WhatdothefirsttwoparagraphstalkaboutconcerningBrazilianfishers?A.Theytrickdolphinsintofishingforthem.B.Theyharvestmorefishwithdolphins’help.C.Theyhavebeentrainingdolphinsoveracentury.D.Theycastthefishingnetswhendolphinssurface.答案B[细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，渔民们自己捕鱼比较困难，但他们得到了海豚的帮助。再根据第二段中的“Asignalfromthedolphins...lastingformorethanacentury”可知，海豚会发出捕猎信号，暗示渔民何时撒网。由此可知，前两段主要讲述了渔民们在海豚的帮助下，捕捉到了更多的鱼。]5.WhatdoesMauricioCantor’sresearchshow?A.Naturefavorshumanbeingsatahugecost.B.Fishersbenefitfromcooperatingwithcetaceans.C.Human－wildlifeinteractionsareanewglobaltrend.D.Dolphinsworkingwithmanhaveahighersurvivalrate.答案D[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Now，inanewstudy...havemorechancestolivethanthosethatdon’t”和第六段首句可知，MauricioCantor的研究表明了与人类一起捕猎的海豚比那些不和人类合作捕猎的海豚存活率高。]6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“allies”refertoinparagraph5?A.Prey. B.Mullet.C.Partners. D.Researchers.答案C[词义猜测题。根据第五段中的“Fishersweremoresuccessfulwhentheyworkedwiththedolphins”“Eighty－sixpercentofall...‘synchronous(同时发生的)interactions’”可知，渔民和海豚合作捕猎，效果更成功。在捕获的鱼中，86%的收获是和海豚们完美配合实现的。故此处表示渔民和海豚是盟友关系，画线词与C项意思最相近。]7.What’stheauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthetext?A.Toappealfortheprotectionofseacreatures.B.Toshowauniquehuman－dolphinrelationship.C.Toapplaudfordevelopmentinfishingresearch.D.Toencouragefisherstobetterdrawondolphins.答案B[写作意图题。通读全文，尤其是第一段以及最后一段内容可知，文章介绍了渔民和海豚合作捕猎的传统现象。人类在海豚的帮助下收获更多鱼，而海豚也通过合作提高了生存几率。由此可推知，作者写本文的目的是展示一种有着悠久历史的人与海豚相互依赖、相互帮助的独特合作关系。]Whenreading,mymotherlikestosliceaparagraphorasentenceoutandattachittothewallofherkitchen.Shepicksboringsentencesthatpuzzleme.ButIprefercopyingfavoritebrightlinesintoajournalinsoft,grayNo.2pencil,wordbyword.Shedoesn’tknowanyofthis.There’snothingshocking,forweseldombegincertainconversationsthoughwetalkonthephoneweekly,sometimesmakingeachotherlaughsohardthatIchokeandshecries.Butwhatwedon’tsaycouldfilluprooms:fightswithmyfather,smallfailuresinschoolandanythingthatreallyupsetsus.Mymotherhasnevertoldme“Iloveyou,Lisa.”—asifthefour－wordabsenceexplainswhoIam—soIcarryitwithme,likealabelonme.Thelasttimeshealmostspokethewordswastwoyearsago,whenshecalledtotellmeafriendhadbeeninhospital.Isaid,“Iloveyou,Mom.”Shestoppedforawhileandthensaid,“Thankyou.”Ihaven’tsaiditsince,butI’vewonderedwhymymotherdoesn’tuntilI’vefoundapoemthatsupplieswordstotheblankspacesItrytounderstandinourconversations：Don’tfilluponbread.Isayabsent－mindedly.Theservingsherearehuge.Myson,middle－aged,says:Didyoureallyjustsaythattome?Whathedoesn’tknowisthatwhenwe’rewalkingtogether,Idesiretoreachforhishand.It’shumble,yetheartbreaking.Aftercopyingitdowninmyjournal,Iemailedittomymom,adding“Thispoemmakesmethinkofyou.”Mymotherdoesn’treadpoetry—oratleast,shedoesn’ttellme,andIfeltnervousclicking“Send”.Shenevermentionedthepoem.ButthenexttimeIwenthomeforvacation,Inoticedsomethingnewinthekitchenfixedtoanantiqueboard:thepoem.Theboardhungabovetheheater,thewarmestspotinthekitchen.Thepoemstillhangsthere.NeithermymothernorIhaveeverspokenaboutit.【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。母亲的内敛和寡言少语让作者内心很不理解，后来，作者读到一首特别的诗，这让作者理解了母亲含蓄的爱。8.What’sthefunctionofparagraph1?A.Tostressthetheme.B.Toestablishthesetting.C.Torepresentthecharacters.D.Tocreatetheatmosphere.答案C[写作意图题。根据第一段内容可知，母亲喜欢将一段话或者一句话剪下来贴在厨房墙上，而作者却喜欢用笔一字一字地记录，此处以对比的手法展示母女二人性格和做事的不同，为下文故事情节的发展做了前期铺垫。]9.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthemother－daughterrelationship?A.Shaky. B.Distant.C.Reserved. D.Intense.答案C[推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Mymotherhasnevertoldme...‘Thankyou.’”可知，母亲平时从未对作者直接表达过母爱，即便女儿电话中告诉母亲“妈妈，我爱您”，母亲也只是说了一声“谢谢你”。从对话双方的态度可以看出，母女之间缺少直率的表达，过于内敛。]10.Whydidtheauthorsendthepoemtohermom?A.Itremindedherofhermom’slove.B.Shewantedtoapologizetohermom.C.Itsuitedhermom’stasteofliterature.D.Sheneededaninterpretationfromhermom.答案A[细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“It’shumble...Iemailedittomymom，adding‘Thispoemmakesmethinkofyou.’”可知，作者把这首诗发给她的母亲是因为这让她联想起自己母亲的爱。]11.Whatdoesthepoemmeantotheauthor’smom?A.Amemoryofgoldendays.B.Herdaughter’sgratefulnesstoher.C.Adecorationintheplainkitchen.D.Herdaughter’sunderstandingofher.答案D[推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“ButthenexttimeIwenthome...Thepoemstillhangsthere”可知，作者回到家看到母亲把诗挂在厨房，才意识到母亲一直深爱着自己，只是不善于表达。这首诗对母亲而言，意味着女儿理解了她爱的方式。]Amongmyfriends,onetopicseemstodominatetheirconversations：bones.Itmakessense,giventhat20percentofAmericanwomenover50haveosteoporosis(骨质疏松)andthatmorethanhalfhaveboneloss.Formen,thefiguresarelower:4percentandathird.Worldwide,oneoutofthreewomenover50andoneoutoffiveoldermenwilldevelopafracture(骨折).Anotherreasonfortheendlessargumentaboutboneproblemsismassconfusionoverhowtostrengthenyourbonesbestandwhetherdietreallymakesadifference.Dietresearchisalwaysmessy,andstudyresultsonnutritionandbonehealthhaven’tbeenconsistent.But__gradually__some__clarity__is__emerging.Aswedrawupresolutionsforwhattoeat,it’susefultolookatnewdataonvitamin D.Calciumisthekeyelementforbuildingbones,andvitaminDhelpstoabsorbcalciumfromthefoodweeat,sodoctorsoftenrecommendDsupplements(补充物)tomakeupforage－relatedboneloss.ButarecentstudyfoundthattakingDsupplementsforfiveyearsdidnotreducetherateoffracturesinseniors.Thatresultbuiltonearlierfindings,ledbythesameteam,thatthesesupplementsdonotimprovebonedensity(密度).“FoodandsunexposurelikelyprovideenoughvitaminDforhealthyadults，”saysMerylLeBoff,wholedthestudy.Whatdoeshelpmaintainstrongbonesforallofus？Theeasyanswerisfoodhighincalcium,suchasmilkandtofu.“Gettingitfromfoodisbest，”LeBoffsays，“becausetherearesomanyothernutrients(营养物),andyouhavemorecontinuousabsorptionthanfromDsupplements.”Theotherkeyelementofbonehealthinvolvescaloriesoutratherthancaloriesin.Weight－bearingexercisestimulatesboneformationthroughoutlife.Sowhilefocusingonbetternutritionalchoices,addmoreexercisetoyourdailymenu.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。一项研究表明服用补充维生素D五年并不能降低老年人的骨折率，但高钙食物和运动有助于增强骨骼健康。12.Whatdothestatisticsinparagraph1emphasize?A.Theseriousnessofboneproblems.B.Theconcernaboutseniorcitizens.C.Theconfusionaboutstrengtheningbones.D.Theimportanceofhavingabalanceddiet.答案A[推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Itmakessense...willdevelopafracture(骨折)”可知，这些数据表明美国男性女性的骨质疏松问题严重，世界范围内男性女性发生骨折现象也比比皆是。故该段中用真实数据强调了现实中人们骨骼问题的严重性。]13.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph2imply?A.Dietresearchisnolongerachallenge.B.We’vemaderesolutionstostudydiets.C.Findingsonbonehealthprovetobesimilar.D.Webegintoagreeonwaystokeepboneshealthy.答案D[句意理解题。根据第二段中的“Dietresearchisalwaysmessy...haven’tbeenconsistent”和But表转折可知，前文讲关于营养和骨骼健康的研究结果也不一致，后文应该讲就保持骨骼健康一事大家达成了共识；本段中的“sodoctorsoftenrecommendDsupplements(补充物)tomakeupforage－relatedboneloss”也是提示。]14.Whatcanbeinferredfromtherecentstudy?A.PeoplecanabsorbvitaminDinfoodeasily.B.ThefindingsgoagainstLeBoff’searlierones.C.Dsupplementsplayaminorrolethanexpected.D.Fracturesarelinkedwithweight－bearingexercise.答案C[推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Butarecentstudyfound...thesesupplementsdonotimprovebonedensity(密度)”可知，最近的研究表明，维生素D补充剂没能起到预期效果，即减少老年人的骨折率。再根据第四段中的“becausetherearesomanyothernutrients...thanfromDsupplements”可知，还有其他营养物质吸收效果好于维生素D。两者都明确表明维生素D对保持骨骼的健康而言效果不佳。]15.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.RecipesforbetterbonesB.Yourbonescry!C.ThemagicofDsupplementsD.VitaminDwins!答案A[标题归纳题。通读全文，再根据第四段及第五段可知，本文给人们提供了两种更好的强健骨骼的方法。故A项作本文的标题最佳。]Ⅱ.七选五Technologyinfluencessocietyinmanyways.Someareobviousandothersmoresubtle(不明显的).Thosechangesoftencallforchangesinbehavior.__16__.Onemisstepcouldpermanentlydamageyourrelationshipwithothers.Herearesomerulesofetiquette(礼节)thatyoushouldkeepinmind.Setyourphoneonsilent.__17__，especiallywhenyouareinasituationwhereotherpeoplearetryingtopayattention：watchingamovie，readingabook，listeningtoalectureorworking.Soitisnecessarytosetyourphoneonsilent.__18__.Onebenefitoftoday’smobiletechnologyisthatwecanreachanyonewewanttoinaninstant.Gonearethedayswhenwehadtowaituntilsomeonegothomebeforewecouldtalktothem.Butthisconstantconnectednessmeanswehavenoexcusewhenwedon’tkeepsomeoneupdated.Stopplayingwithyourphone.Therearefewthingsmoreannoyingthantryingtoholdaconversationwithsomeonewhoseattentionispartlyonhissmartphone.Itisironicthatsocialmediawasmeanttokeepusallconnected,yetitoftenleadstousbeingdisconnectedfromthereal,physicalrelationshipsaroundus.__19__.Humansaremorevaluablethanelectronics.Issuesofpoortechnologyetiquettealmostalwaysoccurwhenwestarttobelievethatourusageofourdevicesismoreimportantthanhumans.WestareatourphonesfrequentlybecausewethinkthelatestpostsontheInternetmattersmorethanagenuineconversation.__20__，youshouldremember:Technologydoesn’tgiveyoutherighttodevalueanotherperson.A.BetimelyandconsiderateB.KeepyouretiquetteindifferentsituationsC.EtiquettehasneverbeenmoreimportantthannowD.ButifyouareconcernedaboutpropertechnologyetiquetteE.CellphoneinterruptionscanbeannoyingforthosearoundyouF.WhileitiswisetouseyourphoneproperlywithoutignoringpeoplearoundyouG.Pleasestopusingyourphoneinasocialsituationunlessthereisagoodreason【语篇解读】本文是说明文，主要介绍了在信息时代，我们需要遵循的一些基本的礼仪。16.C[由本段最后一句“这里是一些你应该牢记的礼节规则”可知，本句应介绍礼节的重要性。由此可知，C项符合句意。]17.E[由本段下文的especially一词，以及列举的一些情形可知，你需要把手机调到静音模式，故空格处应填“Cellphoneinterruptionscanbeannoyingforthosearoundyou”。]18.A[由本段最后的转折句“Butthisconstantconnectednessmeanswehavenoexcusewhenwedon’tkeepsomeoneupdated.”可知，本段的主题句是“Betimelyandconsiderate”。]19.G[由本段主题句“Stopplayingwithyourphone.”可知，本段主要介绍不要在一些场合玩手机，G项总结上文，符合语境。]20.D[结合本段的主题句及空后的内容与句式可知，空格内容与上文形成转折关系，强调本段主题“人类比电子产品更有价值”，所以选D项。]A篇Para.1：immersiveadj.沉浸式虚拟现实的specificallyadv.特意，专门地Para.3：virtualadj.虚拟的，模拟的Para.5：intermediateadj.中级的，适合中等程度者的n.中级学生bedividedinto被分成……B篇Para.1：trickyadj.难对付的，棘手的Para.2：castv.抛(钓丝)，撒(网)Para.3：profitfrom从……中获利Para.5：netv.(用网)捕捉timev.为……安排时间C篇Para.1：attachv.把……固定，把……附(在……上)wordbyword逐字逐句地Para.2：fillup填补，装满Para.3：absent－mindedlyadv.心不在焉地，茫然地Para.4：humbleadj.谦逊的；卑微的；没有特别之处的Para.5：hangv.悬挂，(使)挂在墙上，悬浮，下垂D篇Para.1：dominatev.支配，控制，左右confusionn.困惑，不确定Para.2：nutritionn.营养，滋养supplementn.补充(物)培优练(二十四)2025石家庄高中毕业年级质检二40分钟Ⅰ.阅读理解TheNobelPrizehasbeenawardedtowomen60timesbetween1901and2022.Thesewomenhavemadeoutstandingcontributionstotheworldsofmedicine，science,literatureandsoon.Herearefourofthem.DorothyCrowfootHodgkinAward:NobelPrizeinChemistryYear:1964DorothyHodgkinwasaBritishchemistwhoseinterestinresearchbeganwhen,asachild,shereceivedachemistrybookcontainingexperimentswithcrystals(晶体).ShestudiedatOxfordUniversityanddevelopedproteincrystallography,whichadvancedthedevelopmentofX－rays.ThisearnedhertheNobelPrize.GertrudeB.ElionAward:NobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicineYear:1988GertrudeElionwontheNobelPrizeforherdiscoveriesofimportantprinciplesfordrugtreatment.Elionhadwatchedhergrandfatherdieofcancer,soshedecidedtofightthediseasethroughoutherlife.Elion，togetherwithGeorgeHitchings,withwhomshesharedtheaward,createdasystemfordrugproductionthatreliesheavilyonbiochemistry.ToniMorrisonAward:NobelPrizeinLiteratureYear:1993ToniMorrison,whosebook“Beloved”earnedherthePulitzerPrizeandtheAmericanBookAward,wasthefirstBlackwomantoeverreceivetheNobelPrizeinLiterature.BorninOhio,MorrisonwasawriterwhoseworksaremostlyaboutlifeintheBlackcommunity.ShetaughtwritingandservedasanhonoraryprofessoratPrincetonUniversity.EstherDufloAward:NobelPrizeinEconomicsYear:2019EstherDuflosharedherprizewithherresearchcolleaguesMichaelKremerandAbhijitBanerjee,whoisherhusband.DuflohasspentmuchofhercareerattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,wheresheearnedherdoctoratedegreein1999.DufloandherpartnerswereawardedtheNobelPrizefortheirapproachtofightingpovertyaroundtheworld.【语篇解读】本文是应用文，介绍了四位曾获得诺贝尔奖的女性。1.WhatwonDorothyCrowfootHodgkintheNobelPrize?A.Herbookaboutcrystals.B.HercontributiontoX－raydevelopment.C.Herresearchonmedicine.D.Herdiscoveryofanewproteincrystal.答案B[细节理解题。根据DorothyCrowfootHodgkin部分的“ShestudiedatOxfordUniversity...ThisearnedhertheNobelPrize”可知，DorothyCrowfootHodgkin对X射线的发展的贡献为她赢得了诺贝尔奖。]2.WhatdoToniMorrison’sbooksmainlyfocuson?A.Educationalissues.B.Communityservice.C.Writingtechniques.D.BlackAmericans’life.答案D[细节理解题。根据ToniMorrison部分的“whoseworksaremostlyaboutlifeintheBlackcommunity”可知，ToniMorrison的作品主要是关于黑人社区的生活。由此可知，ToniMorrison的书主要讲美国黑人生活。]3.WhatdoGertrudeB.ElionandEstherDuflohaveincommon?A.TheywontheNobelPrizeinthesameyear.B.Theydevotedthemselvestofightingdiseases.C.TheysharedtheNobelPrizewithothers.D.Theycommittedthemselvestothemedicalfields.答案C[细节理解题。根据Gertrude B.Elion部分的“soshedecidedtofightthedisease...withwhomshesharedtheaward”和EstherDuflo部分的“EstherDuflosharedherprizewith...whoisherhusband”可知，Gertrude B.Elion和EstherDuflo的相似之处是她们和其他人一起获得了诺贝尔奖。]Everyholidayseason,PatriciaGallagherfillshercarwithstuffedanimalsanddrivesaroundPhiladelphia.Shegivesthemnottokidsbuttoseniors.Patricia’sholidaytraditionstartedin2009.“IjustgotthisideaofcallingtwonursinghomesatrandomandaskingifIcouldcomeandreadbooksonNewYear’sday，”shesaid.Shebroughtsomeofherkids’stuffedanimalsfortheseniorstoholdwhilesheread.“ButwhenIwenttogatherthemandtakethembacktogotothenextnursinghome,nobodywantedtogiveuptheirstuffedanimals，”sheadded.Itwasthenandtherethatsherealizedthepowerofasimpleholidaygift.Patriciawantedtocontinuehertraditionofgiving，sosheputanadonline,askingforgentlyusedstuffedanimals.Inherfirsttwoyearsofcollecting,shereceivedmorethan11，000donatedstuffedanimals.Shesaidsometimeslocalschoolswouldholdstuffedanimalcollectionsonherbehalf,orachildwhooutgrewtheirtoyswoulddonate.Afterreceivingtoomany,Patriciastartedcappinghowmanyshewouldcollectatatime,andsaidshecouldonlytakeinabout250stuffedanimalseachweekduringtheholidayseason.Then,shetookthemtonursinghomes.“Theelderlywantstuffedanimalsnotonlyforcomfort,butalsobecausetheywereconversationstartersandremindedthemoftheirchildhood，”shesaid.Andsherecalledonemansaid,“Youknow,Ineverwantedtogotoschool.AndmyfathersaidifIwouldgothatday,hewouldtakemetotheBrooklynZoo.Andyouknowwhat?ThatwasthefirstanimalIsawthereanditlookedjustlikethisgiraffe.”Spreadingjoyisn’tjustaholidaypastimeforPatricia.Sheisalsoknownasthe“HappyFlowerLady”aroundPhiladelphia,becauseshecollectsoldflowersfromstoresandgivesthemtoanyonewhoneedsapick－me－up.“Whenyougive,youreallydogetmoreback，”Patriciasaid.“Everymorning,whetherit’stheflowersorthestuffedanimals,Ihaveapurpose.”【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。PatriciaGallagher收集毛绒玩具，送给养老院的老人。她还从商店里收集旧花送给需要提神的人。4.WhydidPatriciagotothenursinghomesin2009?A.Tosendgiftstotheseniors.B.Toreadstoriestotheelderly.C.Togetoverherloneliness.D.Togetridofherkids’toys.答案B[细节理解题。根据第二段PatriciaGallagher的话“Ijustgotthisidea...onNewYear’sday”可知，PatriciaGallagher有了个主意，想随便给两家养老院打电话，问问她能不能在新年那天去给老人们读书。由此可知，2009年Patricia去养老院的目的是给老人们读书。]5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“capping”inparagraph3mean?A.Limiting. B.Recording.C.Identifying. D.Doubling.答案A[词义猜测题。根据第三段画线词后的内容“shecouldonlytakeinabout250stuffedanimalseachweekduringtheholidayseason”可知，在收到太多毛绒玩具后，Patricia开始限制每次收集的毛绒玩具的数量。故画线词的意思是“限制”，与A项意义一致。]6.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph4?A.Seniorslovegoodolddays.B.Cuteanimalshavehealingeffectsonseniors.C.Givingmakesseniorshappy.D.Stuffedanimalshavemorethanonefunction.答案D[推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Theelderlywantstuffedanimalsnotonlyforcomfort，butalsobecausetheywereconversationstarters”可知，老年人想要毛绒玩具不仅是为了得到安慰，而且还因为它们能成为聊天的话题并让他们回忆起童年。由此可知，毛绒玩具有不止一种功能。]7.WhatdoesPatriciathinkofhergivingexperiences?A.Rewarding. B.Entertaining.C.Timely. D.Tough.答案A[观点态度题。根据最后一段Patricia说的话“Whenyougive，youreallydogetmoreback”可知，当付出的时候，真的会得到更多的回报。由此可知，Patricia认为她的捐赠经历是有意义的。故选A项。entertaining“有趣的”；timely“及时的”；tough“艰难的”。]Anewstudysuggestsclassicpaintingsbywell－knownartistsJosephMallordWilliamTurnerandClaudeMonetmayhavebeeninfluencedbyairpollutionduringtheIndustrialRevolution.Thestudy,publishedintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesbyauthorsfromHarvardUniversityandSorbonneUniversity,analyzed60oilpaintingsbyTurnerfrom1796to1850and38paintingsbyMonetfrom1864to1901.Scientistsdon’tknowexactlyhowpollutedthecitieswereduringthattimeforlackofdata.However，researcherssayexaminingtheworksofTurnerandMonetcangiveapictureoflong－termenvironmentalchangewiththeairpollution.Inparticular,researcherssaychangesinlocalsulfurdioxide(二氧化硫)emissionsfromburningcoalmayexplainchangesinthecolourcontrastandintensityofTurner’s,Monet’s,andothers’works,evenaftertakingtheartistictrendsandsubjectmatterofthetimeintoaccount.Scientistssuccessfullymeasuredpainters’representationofnature,focusingondifferencesinlocalweatherpatternswhichinfluencedcolourinworkspaintedindifferentpartsofEurope.PaintingsdoneinBritaingenerallyfeatureapalerblueskythanotherworksinotherpartsofthecontinent.Generally,artistscanhistoricallyaccuratelyrepresenttheirenvironment,soTurnerandMonetwerechosenbecausetheyarefamousfortheirlandscapeandcityscapepaintingsandalsobecausetheywereactiveduringtheIndustrialRevolution，whenairpollutiongrewatarateneverseenbefore.Additionally,researcherssaythatastheairinLondonandParisbecamemorepolluted,thecitieswouldappearhaziertotheeyesaswellasinphotographs.BycomparingthepaintingsofTurnerandMonettopicturesfromtheera,theywereabletodeterminetheartistswereatleastpartlyinfluencedbythechangeinemissions.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。研究人员表示，通过研究特纳和莫奈的作品可以了解空气污染带来的长期环境变化。8.Howdidtheresearchersconductthestudy?A.Byreferringtorelevanthistoricalrecords.B.BycomparingthepaintingsofTurnerandMonet.C.Byrelatingthepaintingstotheairconditionsthen.D.ByanalyzingthedataduringtheIndustrialRevolution.答案C[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“However，researcherssayexaminingtheworks...withtheairpollution”可知，研究人员表示，通过研究特纳和莫奈的作品，可以了解空气污染带来的长期环境变化。由此可知，研究者是通过将绘画与当时的空气条件联系起来做这个研究的。]9.WhatdidtheresearchersfindintheworksofTurnerandMonet?A.Airpollutionatthattime.B.Changeinsubjectmatter.C.Socialtrendsoftheperiod.D.Developmentofphotography.答案A[推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Generally，artistscan...neverseenbefore”可知，艺术家可以准确地描绘他们所处的环境，所以特纳和莫奈被选中，因为他们以乡村风景画和城市风光画而闻名，他们活跃在工业革命时期，而当时空气污染以前所未有的速度加剧。由此再结合第一段内容可推知，研究人员在特纳和莫奈的作品中发现了当时的空气污染状况。]10.Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph5?A.Europeanartistspreferredlandscapepaintings.B.Scientistsfocusedonstudyingweatherpatterns.C.TurnerandMonetintendedtopresentpollution.D.BritainsufferedfromairpollutionmostinEurope.答案D[推理判断题。根据第五段前两句的内容可知，科学家们已经成功测量了画家对自然的描绘，重点关注了影响欧洲不同地区的画作中的色彩的当地天气模式的差异。在英国创作的画作中，天空的蓝色通常比欧洲其他地区的画作要淡一些。由此可推知，英国在欧洲遭受空气污染最严重。]11.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.Toinformpeopleofanewdiscovery.B.Toinstructpeopletoappreciatepaintings.C.TointroducetheIndustrialRevolution.D.Tocallonpeopletoprotecttheenvironment.答案A[写作意图题。浏览全文可知，本文主要讲述了研究人员通过研究特纳和莫奈的作品来了解空气污染带来的长期环境变化。故作者写作本文旨在告诉我们一个研究的新发现。]Manyownersofelectriccarshavewishedforabatterypackthatcouldpowertheirvehicleformorethanathousandmilesonasinglecharge.Researchershavedevelopedalithium－airbatterythatcouldmakethatdreamareality.Thenewbatterydesigncouldalsoonedaypowerairplanesandtrucks.Themainnewcomponentinthislithium－airbatteryisasolidelectrolyte(电解质)insteadoftheusualliquidvariety.Batterieswithsolidelectrolytesarenotsubjecttosafetyproblemswiththeliquidelectrolytesusedinlithium－ionandotherbatterytypes,whichcanoverheatandcatchfire.Moreimportantly,thesolidelectrolytecanpotentiallyboosttheenergyfourtimes,whichtranslatesintolongerdrivingrange.Foroveradecade,scientistshavebeenworkingovertimetodevelopalithium(锂)batterythatmakesuseoftheoxygeninair.Thelithium－airbatteryhasthehighestenergyofanybatterytechnologybeingconsideredforthenextgenerationofbatteriesbeyondlithium－ion.Thenewsolidelectrolyteiscomposedofamaterialmadefromrelativelyinexpensiveelements,comparedwiththepastdesigns.Besides,thechemicalreactioninlithium－iononlyinvolvesoneortwoelectronsstoredperoxygenmolecule(分子),whilethatforthelithium－airbatteryinvolvesfourelectrons.Moreelectronsstoredmeanshigherenergy.Thenewdesignisthefirstlithium－airbatterythathasachievedafour－electronreactionatroomtemperature.Italsooperateswithoxygensuppliedbyairfromthesurroundingenvironment.Thecapabilitytorunwithairavoidstheneedforoxygentankstooperate,aproblemwithearlierdesigns.“Withfurtherdevelopment,weexpectournewdesignforthelithium－airbatterytoreacharecordof1，200watt－hoursperkilogram，”saidCurtiss,aresearcher.“Thatisnearlyfourtimesbetterthanlithium－ionbatteries.”【语篇解读】本文是说明文，主要介绍了研究人员已经开发出一种锂空气电池，可以有朝一日为飞机和卡车提供动力。12.Whatcontributesmosttothelithium－airbattery?A.Lithium－ion.B.Oxygenmolecules.C.Solide