2025年高考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练第一部分 阅读专题03 阅读理解词义猜测题含答案

2025年高考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练第一部分阅读专题03阅读理解词义猜测题含答案专题03阅读理解词义猜测题目录题型综述 2解题攻略 3题型01定义法猜词义题 3题型02对比法猜词义题 4题型03因果法猜词义题题型04常识联想法猜词义题 6题型05例举法猜词义题 7题型06语境线索法猜词义题 8题型07根据构词法知识猜词义题高考练场题型简介词义猜测题是高考英语阅读理解中的常见题型。主要考查考生根据上下文语境来推测单词、短语或句子含义的能力。在阅读过程中，考生难免会遇到一些生词或具有特殊含义的词汇，这种题型就是检验考生能否通过文章的线索和逻辑关系来理解这些词汇的真实意思。它不仅要求考生有一定的词汇量，还需要具备较强的语境理解能力。高考英语对于词义猜测题的考查，每年都有一到两题。该题型涉及的文章体裁丰富多样，无论是记叙文、说明文还是议论文都有可能出现词义猜测题。尤其是科技类说明文中，作者通常会对一些关键词或专业术语进行解释。常见的有对该词下定义或后跟同位语、定语从句、冒号、破折号、括号等引出解释说明部分。通过阅读定义或解释部分，读者便可理解该词或短语的意思。而且，被猜测的词可能是超纲词，也可能是熟悉词汇的生僻含义。命题类型猜测单词的意思：这是最常见的类型，文章中出现一个生词，要求考生根据上下文来猜测其含义。例如，在描述一种新的科学技术的文章中，出现了一个专业术语，通过对该技术的原理、应用场景等周边信息的描述来猜测这个专业术语的意思。猜测短语的意思：一些由两个或多个单词组成的短语，其含义可能不是各个单词意思的简单相加。比如，“afar-cryfrom”这个短语在句子中的意思需要结合上下文来理解，可能是“与……大不相同”的意思，而不是从字面理解的“从远处哭泣”。猜测句子的含义：要求考生理解一个句子的隐含意义。这个句子可能是含有隐喻、象征等修辞手法，或者是在特定的文化、技术等语境下具有特殊的含义。例如，“Thenewpolicyisthelightattheendofthetunnelforthestrugglingcompany.”这里的句子意思不是简单的字面意思，而是表示“新政策是这家陷入困境的公司的希望之光”。解题思路利用上下文语境：这是最关键的方法。通过观察生词所在句子的前后文，寻找解释、定义、举例、对比、因果等线索。例如，如果句子中有“thatis”“inotherwords”“namely”等词，后面的内容很可能是对生词的解释；如果有“suchas”“forexample”，则后面的例子可以帮助我们理解生词的含义。利用逻辑关系：注意文章中的转折、并列、因果等逻辑关系。如果出现“but”“however”等转折词，那么生词的意思可能与前面的内容相反；如果是“and”“also”等并列词，生词的意思可能与相邻词汇相近。利用构词法：对于一些有词根、词缀的单词，可以通过分析其词根、词缀来猜测大致意思。例如，“un-”这个前缀通常表示否定，“pre-”表示“在……之前”。但要注意，有些词缀在不同的单词中有不同的意思，而且有些单词不能单纯依靠构词法来准确猜测。代入验证：将猜测的意思代入原文，看是否符合上下文的逻辑和语境。如果代入后句子通顺，并且与文章的主题、情节等相符，那么这个猜测很可能是正确的。一般来说，词义猜测题常用解题方法：定义法、对比法、因果法、常识联想法、例举法、语境线索法、构词法等。猜词题可以使用以下口决：1.指代词：出现指代往前找，单复人物要看好；2.半熟悉词，利用构词法：半生不熟看构词，结合语境来把持；3.纯生词，则利用逻辑关系、同义解释、上下文语境：同义语境和逻辑，上下求索寻真义。命题方式【常见考法】词义猜测题经常使用的提问方式有：1)Theword“ABC”inthepassageprobablymeans________.2)Theunderlinedword“ABC”inthepassagerefersto/means_______.3)Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinthesecondparagraph？4)Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmeans____．5)Theword"it（them）"inthefirstparagraphrefersto____．题型01定义法有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释。一般通过定义、定语从句、同位语短语或从句等来确定词义。有时通过or,thatis,thatistosay,namely,inotherwords等来释义。需要解释的单词和短语大多是专有名词、生僻词或文中较重要的词。标点符号，如逗号后的解释(名词同位语)、破折号后的解释、括号内的解释等。定义常用的谓语动词多为：be,

mean,deal

with,be

consideredtobe,becalled,

define,represent,

refer

to,

signify(意味，表明)等。这都是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。(安徽省示范高中培优联盟2024-2025学年上学期12月联考试卷)BritishParalympicbronzemedalistJohnMcFallcarriedtheParalympicflagattheopeningceremonyoftheParis2024ParalympicGames.HewasoneofonlytwoflagbearerstorepresentthewholeParalympicGames,ratherthanaspecificcountry................Afterundergoingstricttesting,hepassedalltheevaluations,provingthatanastronautwithadisabilitylikehiscouldsuccessfullyoperateinspace,Wiredmagazinereported.Althoughhehasbeenreferredtoasa“parastronaut”,McFallpreferstobeseensimplyasanormalcrewmember.McFallhopeshisexperience,alongwiththose4,000athletesattheParisParalympicGames,cansendanencouragingmessagetoothersfacinganykindoflife-changingcircumstances.10．Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinparagraph4?A．entrances B．examinations C．questions D．tracks题型02对比法利用前后对比来猜测词义。转折连词“but”、让步状语从句、条件从句和“unlike”,“inspiteof”,“onthecontrary”,“ontheotherhand”,“however”等介词、副词能构成前后意义上的对比关系。而as,like,justasalso等词则可以帮助构成意义上相似、成份上对应的比较关系。这些都是我们解决猜词的标识词语。(安徽省江淮十校2025届高三第二次联考)Formanypeople,thecruelestpartofdailylifeisthetransitionbetweenwakefulnessandsleep.Whenyoushouldbesleeping,youwanttobeawake;whenyoushouldbeawake,youwanttostayasleep.Itiseasytoregardsleepasatorment:hardtoattainandthenhardtogiveup,dayafterdayafterday.Itisnofreshnewstomostpeoplethatadequatesleepimproveswell-being.Onerecentstudyofmorethan30,000U.K.residentsfoundthatpeoplewhoincreasedtheirquantityofsleepoverafour-yearperiodgotaboutthesamehappinessbenefitsastheywouldhavefromeightweeksoftherapy,orfromwinningupto$280,000inalottery.Well-restedpeoplearemoresocialandhavemorepositiveemotionalexperienceswithco-workersandromanticpartners.Sleepinsufficiency,however,lowershappinessbyweakeningemotional-memoryrecallandencouragingascarcitymindset,pittingpeopleagainstothers..........32.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“torment”mean?A.Consciousness. B.Suffering. C.Refreshment. D.Amusement.题型03因果法因果关系是一种常见的、行之有效的提供生词词义信息的逻辑关系，一定的原因会导致一定的结果，某一结果总是由某种或某些原因引起的，不管生词出现在原因分句还是结果分句，我们都能从因果关系中推出其含义。在一篇阅读文章中，根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。作者在叙述原因的过程中就必然会把词或句子置于因果关系中。常见的表示因果关系的词汇：since,as,because,for,so,thus,consequently,therefore,hence,due

to,owing

to,thanks

to,on

account

of,result

in,result

from,as

a

result,for

this

reason,accordingly,

so...that...,sothat,such...that等。(湖北省十一校2024-2025学年高三上学期12月联考英语试题)Fordecades,“simplerisbetter”hasbeenacceptedasauniversaltruthinmarketing.NickLight,assistantprofessorofmarketingattheUOLundquistCollegeofBusiness,hastestedthatassumption.Hefoundthatmostconsumerspreferofferingsthatappeartobeeasytouseandunderstand.However,pushingsimplicitycanhaveahidden,costlydownside.“Simplicityisnotasilverbullet,”Lightsaid.Thismethodmightworkforestablishedcompanieswithtrackrecordstobackuptheirclaims.Butitcanberiskyforastart-upwithnohistoryoracompanyinacomplicatedmarketcategorywherefailuresorbreakdownsaremorecommon..........12.Whatdoestheunderlinedwords“asilverbullet”inparagraph2mean?A.Ariskyinvestment. B.Abusinessstrategy. C.Aquick-fixmethod. D.Acure-allsolution.题型04常识联想法在仅靠分析篇章内在逻辑关系和语境无法猜出词义时，我们可以借助生活经验和普通常识确定词义。阅读题文段题材丰富，涉及社会、科普、政治、文化、经济、历史、生活、风俗等多方面知识。(河南省九师联盟2024-2025学年高三11月质量检测试题)Childrenaretaughtthatthepolitethingtodoisalwayssay“please”.Today’sbabiesareeventaughtitusingsignlanguage.Buthowoftendoyoureallysay“please”ineverydayconversations?AnewresearchpublishedinSocialPsychologyQuarterlyfoundpeopleusedtheword“please”whenmakingarequestonly7%ofthetime.“Wedefinitelyweresurprisedbytheresults,”saysTanyaStivers,aprofessorofsociologyatUniversityofCaliforniaatLosAngelesandoneoftheauthorsofthestudy.“Havingsuchalownumberfeelscounterintuitive.”........12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“counterintuitive”inparagraph2mean?A.Thesameasthefact. B.Contrarytocommonsense.C.Reasonabletoaccept. D.Difficulttodisagreewith.题型05例举法通过一些例子说明生词的词义,用suchas,forexample,like,forinstance等来引出。在特定的情况下，作者通过一连串同一类型或范畴的词语来表达其思想，如果有一生词就在一系列同范畴的词语中，可以通过这些词的特征和语义范围来推断出生词的词义范围。(陕西省西安市2024-2025学年高三上学期第四次月考英语试卷)Mariaisa10-year-oldelementaryschoolstudentwhocomeshomewithringinginherears—asignofhearingloss—afterattendingaprograminherschoolhall.Thereare“Marias”ineveryschoolintheUS.TwentypercentofAmericankidswillsufferpermanenthearinglossduetonoisebytheageofnineteen.Actuallynoise－induced(噪音诱发的)hearingloss(NIHL)isanepidemicintheUS.Nownationwidethereareaboutfiftymillionpeoplesufferingit.Eachofushasapproximately18,000tinyhaircellsinourinnerearsthattransmit(传输)soundviatheauditorynerve(听觉神经)toourbrains.Whenexposedtodangerouslyloudsound,someofthesehaircellsbecomedamagedanddie.Thisisusuallypain-freeandoftenhappenssograduallythatwearenotawareofourhearingloss.Thenoneday,wewakeupandfindthatwehaveseverelyandpermanentlydamagedourabilitytohear............1．Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“Thereare‘Marias’ineveryschoolintheUS”？A．ManygirlsattendprogramsrunbyUSschools.B．Mariaisacommonlyusednameinthecountry.C．PermanenthearinglossiscommoninUSschools.D．PermanenthearinglossishardtoavoidinUSschools.题型06语境线索法根据综合语境，通过一定的语言逻辑关系，加以推理判断，从而理解生词词义。阅读题文段题材丰富。涉及社会、科普、政治、文化、经济、历史、生活、风俗等多方面知识。解阅读题时，也要根据英语国家社会文化背景等，作出正确的判断。(2025届浙江省绍兴市诸暨市高三上学期一模考试英语试题)Glassisreferredtoasamaterialwhichcaninfinitelyberecycledwithoutitimpactingitsquality,purityordurability.Recycledglasscanbecrushedintoglasspieces,whichcanbemelteddownandusedtoproducemoreglass.Glassusedforpackaginghasahighrecyclingratecomparedtootherpackagingmaterials.InEurope,theaverageglassrecyclingrateis76%,comparedto41%forplasticpackagingand31%forwoodenpackaging.Whenglassisleftinthenaturalenvironment,itislesslikelytocausepollutionthanplastic.Unlikeplastics,whichbreakdownintomicroplasticsthatcangetintosoilsandwater,glassisnon-toxic.“Glassismainlymadeofsilica,whichisanaturalsubstance,”saysFranziskaTrautmann,theco-founderofGlassHalfFull,aNewOrleans-basedcompanythatrecyclesglassintosandthatcanbeusedforcoastalrestorationanddisasterrelief.Silica,alsoknownassilicadioxide,makesup59%oftheEarth’scrust.Sinceitisanaturalcompound,thereisnoconcernaboutenvironmentaldegradation...........29.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordinthesecondparagraphprobablymean?A.Damage. B.Conservation. C.Assessment. D.Transformation.题型07构词法在英语中，有很多词可以通过增加前缀和后缀的方式，构成新词。乍看起来，这个词可能是新词，但在掌握了一定的构词知识之后，就不难猜出它的词义。中学英语常见的前缀和后缀有：super-超;过于 inter-互相;在…之间 micro-极微小的re-再,反复 sub-次于...,在…底下 co-共同post-(在…之)后 pre-(在…之)前 trans-超越；转换under-在之…下；低于； anti-反；防(止) mis-不；非un/in/im/ir-dis-不；非;无 non-不；非 Sino-中国(人)的-able可被…的 -hood状态；性质；时期 -ish如…的；有点儿…的-proof防…的；抗…的 -ship身份；资格；权力； -some引起…的;产生…的-wards向 -less不能…的；无…的(安徽省卓越联盟2024-2025学年高三上学期11月期中考试英语试题)It’stoughenoughtobeawomantravelingalone,butonemomwasespeciallynervousabouttakingatripwithherone-year-old.Howwouldshemanageinastrangeplacewithoutherusualsupportnetwork?Whataboutthedangersofsolo(单独的)travel?Theseweredefinitelyreasonableconcerns,butthismomfoundthatpeoplearesometimeskinderthanyouexpectthemtobe.Inavideoonsocialmedia,thewomanrecountedthemanystrangerswhohelpedherwhileshewastravelingalone.Keepingatoddlerentertainedduringalongtripcanbeachallenge,sothemomwasrelievedwhenothertravelersplayedwithherson.Oneelderlymanevenheldthelittleboyonhislapsothathecouldseeoutthewindow!Obviously,thebiggestconcernforawomantravelingaloneissafety.Luckily,thismomencounteredsomereallysweetpeoplewhowerehappytolookoutforherandherson.AnUberdriver,forexample,didn’twantthesetwotobestuckatthestationlateatnight,soheletthemstayinhiscaruntiltheirtrainarrived...........5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“recounted”inparagraph2mean?A.Identified. B.Described. C.Impressed. D.Satisfied.题型01对比法(2024年全国高考英语甲卷B篇节选).............Dogsareknownfortheirimpressivefetchinghabit,butcatstakethisbehaviorupanotch.Manycatswillfindrandomobjectsoutsideandbringthemtotheirowners.Thisisaveryoldhabitthat'sbeenpresentinallkindsofpredators(食肉动物).Catsbringgiftsfortheirownerstoshowtheyloveyou.Theseadorablelittlehuntersarejustdoingsomethingthatit'sbeenintheirnaturesincethebeginningoftime.Sojustgoalongwithit!6.Whichbestexplainsthephrase"take...upnotch"inparagraph3?A.Performappropriately. B.Movefaster. C.Actstrangely. D.Dobetter.题型02因果法(2024年1月浙江省高考英语B篇节选)Whenwasthelasttimeyouusedatelephonebox?Imeantomakeanactualphonecall

—nottoshelterfromtherain.Agesago,right?ThelasttimeIusedaphoneboxforitsintendedpurposewas…2006.Iwasconductingauditions(试演)formyplayinmytinyoldsharedhouseinLondon.Hopingtoimpresssometalentedactorstocomeandworkformefornothing,Ispreadsomethrowsoverthesofasandlitcandlestomakeitseemabitmore”youngprofessional”..............4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inthefirstparagraphreferto?A.Theplay. B.Thesharedhouse.C.Thesofa. D.Thetelephonebox.题型03常识联想法(2021年6月新高考2卷B篇）IhaveworkedasakeeperattheNationalZoo,Parisfor11years.SpotandStripearethefirsttigercubsthathaveeverbeenbornhere.Globally,athirdofSumatrancubsinzoosdon’tmakeittoadulthood,soIdecidedtogivethemround-the-clockcareathome.I’vegottwochildren—theyoungerone,Kynan,wasextremelyhappyaboutthetigersarriving-butallofusreallylookedforwardtobeingpartoftheirlivesandwatchingthemgrow.Iwasn’tworriedaboutbringingthemintomyhomewithmywifeandkids.Thesewerecubs.Theyweighedabout2.5kgandweresosmallthattherewasabsolutelynorisk.Astheygrewmoremobile,weletthemmovefreelyaroundthehouseduringtheday,butwhenwewereasleepwehadtocontaintheminalargeroom,otherwisethey’dgetuptomischief.We’dcomedowninthemorningtofindthey’dturnedtheroomupsidedown,andleftitlookinglikeazoo.Thingsquicklygotveryintenseduetothehugeamountofenergyrequiredtolookafterthem.ThereweresometoughtimesandIjustfeltextremelytired.Iwasgratefulthatmyfamilywastheretohelp.Wehadtohaveabitofaproductionlinegoing,makingup“tigermilk”,washingbabybottles,andcleaningthefloors.WhenSpotandStripewerefourmonthsold,theywerelearninghowtoopendoorsandjumpfences,andweknewitreallywastimeforthemtogo.Itwashardforustofinallypartwiththem.Forthefirstfewdays,Kynanwasalwaysabitdisappointedthatthecubsweren’tthere.I’mnotsadaboutit.I'mhands-onwiththemeverydayatthezoo,andIdolookbackveryfondlyonthetimethatwehadthem.5.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“getuptomischief”meaninparagraph3?A.Behavebadly. B.Losetheirway. C.Sleepsoundly. D.Misstheirmom.题型04例举法(2024年新课标高考英语I卷C篇节选)...........Whenreadingtextsofseveralhundredwordsormore,learningisgenerallymoresuccessfulwhenit’sonpaperthanonscreen.Alargeamountofresearchconfirmsthisfinding.Thebenefitsofprintreadingparticularlyshinethroughwhenexperimentersmovefromposingsimpletasks–likeidentifyingthemainideainareadingpassage–toonesthatrequirementalabstraction–suchasdrawinginferencesfromatext.............28.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“shinethrough”inparagraph2mean?A.Seemunlikelytolast. B.Seemhardtoexplain.C.Becomereadytouse. D.Becomeeasytonotice.题型05语境线索法(2024年新课标高考英语II卷D篇节选)GiventheastonishingpotentialofAItotransformourlives,weallneedtotakeactiontodealwithourAI-poweredfuture,andthisiswhereAIbyDesign:APlanforLivingwithArtificialIntelligencecomesin.ThisabsorbingnewbookbyCatrionaCampbellisapracticalroadmapaddressingthechallengesposedbytheforthcomingAIrevolution(变革).Inthewronghands,suchabookcouldproveascomplicatedtoprocessasthecomputercode(代码)thatpowersAIbut,thankfully,Campbellhasmorethantwodecades’professionalexperiencetranslatingtheheadyintotheunderstandable.Shewritesfromthepracticalangleofabusinesspersonratherthanasanacademic,makingforaguidewhichishighlyaccessibleandinformativeandwhich,bytheclose,willmakeyoufeelalmostassmartasAI.AswesooncometolearnfromAIbyDesign,AIisalreadysuper-smartandwillbecomemorecapable,movingfromthecurrentgenerationof“narrow-AI”toArtificialGeneralIntelligence.Fromthere,Campbellsays,willcomeArtificialDominantIntelligence.ThisiswhyCampbellhassetouttoraiseawarenessofAIanditsfuturenow-severaldecadesbeforethesedevelopmentsareexpectedtotakeplace.Shesaysitisessentialthatwekeepcontrolofartificialintelligence,orriskbeingsidelinedandperhapsevenworse................12.Whatdoesthephrase“Inthewronghands”inparagraph2probablymean?A.Ifreadbysomeonepoorlyeducated. B.Ifreviewedbysomeoneill-intentioned.C.Ifwrittenbysomeonelesscompetent. D.Iftranslatedbysomeoneunacademic.A（2024·河北石家庄·一模）IoftenwakeuptomyalarmafterashortnightandstepoutofbedtoadayI’vefoughtthroughcountlesstimes.Irushmymorningroutineandruntomycar.Myradioswitchestomyfavoritesong,butIhavetolistentoanaudible(可听的)bookforanassignmentduetomorrow.WhenIgettoschool,IstartwithSpanish,myhardestclass.Despitebeingaroundallyear,Ihavenocluewhat’sgoingon.IthenwalktomyEnglishclass,inwhichIwasstuckinthelanguagerules.Theassignmentstakemuchenergythatmyperfectionistnatureisunabletotakeoninschool,soIsavethemforlater,mostprobablylateatnight.Thisismyrealityasastudentwithdyslexia,alearningdisorderinreadingandspelling:assignmentsthattakethreetimesaslongasthey’remeantto,latenightsandearlymorningstoevenslightlykeepupwithmyclasses.IwastoldthatAdvancedPlacementU.S.Historywouldbemyhardestclass.Buthere,Iaminmyelement.Despitebeingthreeassignmentsbehind,I’mactivelyengaged.Yes,mypassionforhistoryheightensmyfocus,butmyteacher’swillingnesstoworkwithmeiswhatallowsmetoflyhigh.Teachersneedtoofferalternativestructuresthatmakelearningmoreaccessible.I’vehadteacherswhoteachlecture-basedclasseswherestudentsareexpectedtotakenotesandlisten.Asastudentwithdyslexia,thisdoesn’twork.Afixforthatisassimpleasprovidingalternativeresources:aslideshowstudentscangobacktoafterclass,orperhapsevenanactivitythatfurtherplayswiththeconcepts.Now,manyschoolsareshiftingtoapproachesthatmeettheneedsofallkids.However,advocacyworkcanstillbedonetosupportstudentswithdyslexia.Ifschoolsystemsarewillingtoprovidesupportandeducationbycreatinganaccessibleclassstructurefromthestart,studentswon’tbestuckintoacademictracksthatdon’tpushthemtotheirfullpotential.1．Whydoestheauthorhavetodohishomeworklateatnight?A．Heisassignedextrahomework. B．Hefailstomanagehissparetime.C．Heneedstimetodoitwellenough. D．Hedislikestasksrelatedtolanguages.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“inmyelement”inparagraph4mean?A．Burningthemidnightoil. B．BitingoffmorethanIcanchew.C．Feelinglikeafishinwater. D．Havingbutterfliesinmystomach.3．Whatdoestheauthorthinkoflecture-basedclasses?A．Satisfying. B．Inspiring. C．Rewarding. D．Demanding.4．Whatdoestheauthoradviseschoolstodoforstudents?A．Offerclasseswithalternatives. B．Askeducationalexpertstogivelectures.C．Advocateout-of-classactivities. D．Getteacherstrainedinspecialeducation.B（2024·浙江绍兴·一模）Glassisreferredtoasamaterialwhichcaninfinitelyberecycledwithoutitimpactingitsquality,purityordurability.Recycledglasscanbecrushedintoglasspieces,whichcanbemelteddownandusedtoproducemoreglass.Glassusedforpackaginghasahighrecyclingratecomparedtootherpackagingmaterials.InEurope,theaverageglassrecyclingrateis76%,comparedto41%forplasticpackagingand31%forwoodenpackaging.Whenglassisleftinthenaturalenvironment,itislesslikelytocausepollutionthanplastic.Unlikeplastics,whichbreakdownintomicroplasticsthatcangetintosoilsandwater,glassisnon-toxic.“Glassismainlymadeofsilica,whichisanaturalsubstance,”saysFranziskaTrautmann,theco-founderofGlassHalfFull,aNewOrleans-basedcompanythatrecyclesglassintosandthatcanbeusedforcoastalrestorationanddisasterrelief.Silica,alsoknownassilicadioxide,makesup59%oftheEarth’scrust.Sinceitisanaturalcompound,thereisnoconcernaboutenvironmentaldegradation.However,glassrequireshighertemperaturesthanplasticandaluminumtomeltandform,saysAliceBrock,aPhDresearcheratUniversityofSouthamptonintheUK.Rawmaterialsformakingvirginglassalsoreleasegreenhousegasesduringthemeltingprocess,addingtoitsenvironmentalfootprint.AccordingtotheInternationalEnergyAgency,thecontainerandflat-glassindustriesemitover60megatonsofCO2peryear.Akeyproblemwithglassrecyclingisthatitinvolvestheremeltingprocess,whichisthemostenergyintensivepartofglassproduction.Itaccountsfor75%oftheenergyconsumptionduringproduction.Eventhoughglasscontainerscanbereusedanaverageof12-20times,glassisoftentreatedassingle-use.Single-useglassdisposedofatlandfillscantakeuptoonemillionyearstodecompose.Sothenexttimeyouwanttodropaglassbottle,perhapsconsiderreusingitfirst.Glassisaresilient,long-lastingmaterialthatisnotmadetobethrownawayafteronlybeingusedonce.5．Whatdoesthepassagefocuson?A．Glassproduction. B．Glassrestoration. C．Glassprospect. D．Glassrecycling.6．Whatdoestheunderlinedwordinthesecondparagraphprobablymean?A．Damage. B．Conservation. C．Assessment. D．Transformation.7．Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph3?A．Glassmeltingprocessiscomplicated. B．Glassreducesenvironmentalfootprint.C．Glassitemsaremeantforpermanentuse. D．Glassproductionconsumesmuchenergy.8．Whydoestheauthoradvocatereuseofglasscontainers?A．Toconfirmtheirdurability. B．Tosuggestbeingeconomical.C．Topromotethegreenidea. D．Toproposeanewenergyplan.C（2024·湖南长沙·模拟预测）Weallnoticebrightcolors.Peoplewhochoosetogoeye-catching,whethertheyexpressthemselvesthroughclothesoraccessories(配饰),heareverythingfrom“Nooneisgoingtomissyouattheparty”to“Iwouldneverhavethecouragetowearthat.”Butaccordingtoresearch,thosecommentsmaybebothaccurateandexpected.AdamD．PazdaandChristopherA．Thorstensonexaminedhowweperceivepeopleatfirstimpressionwhowearbrightcolors.Theyspecificallyexaminedtheeffectofchroma(色度).Theyfoundthattargets,bothmaleandfemale,whowerewearingorsurroundedbyhigh-chromacolorswereperceivedasmoreopenandoutgoingthaninalow-chromasetting.Theyconcludedthatchromaisavariableofperceptionthatcaninfluencefirstimpressionsofpersonality.Drillingdownfurther,theyfoundthathigh-chromacolorsstrengthenedviewerperspectiveofopennessandextraversion(外向),butnototherpersonalities.Theseobservationsareimportantbecausesomejobresponsibilitiescapitalizeonsomeofthepersonalitiesinferredthroughbrightcolors.PazdaandThorstensonrecognizewhatjobseekersnodoubtconsiderastheylookforacareertomatchtheirpersonalnature:insomeoccupations,successisfueledbypossessingcertainpersonalityqualities.Theygiveexamplesofindustriessuchassalesandmarketingaswellascustomerserviceasfieldswhereextravertsthrive(繁荣).Accordingly,applicantsforthesepositionsmaybeviewedmorefavorablyandjudgedasmorecompetentiftheywearhighlychromaticclothing.Regardingthegeneralityoftheirresults,PazdaandThorstensonnotethatoneofthelimitationsoftheirstudywastheiruseofparticipantslivingintheUnitedStates,whichmeanstheirfindingsmaynotpredictresultsinothercultures.Theynotethepossibilitythatchromamayinfluencetheperceptionofpersonalitydifferentlyinnon-Westerncountries,andthathigh-chromaclothingmaybeseenasconflictingwithsocialconventionsinothercultures.Thepracticaltakeaway,atleastintheUnitedStates,appearstobethatbrightcolors,likethepeacock’stail,willgetyounoticed.Butdependingonyourgoals,considertailoringyourchromatothecircumstances,personallyandprofessionally.9．Whatisthefocusofthestudymentionedinthepassage?A．Theculturalimplicationsofhighchromacolors.B．Theinfluenceofclothingonviewerperceptions.C．Theimpactofhighchromacolorsonfirstimpression.D．Thepossibleconnectionbetweenclothingandjobsuitability.10．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“capitalizeon”inparagraph4probablymean?A．Weighon. B．Drawon. C．Makeupfor. D．Giveriseto.11．Whatcanwelearnaboutthefindingsofthestudyaccordingtothepassage?A．Highchromacolorsenhanceviewerperspectiveofallpersonalities.B．Theculturallyspecificfindingsofthestudycontributetoitslimitations.C．Thechromaapersonwearscaninfluencetheformationofhisorherpersonality.D．High-chromacolorshaveaconsistentimpactontheperceptionofpersonalityglobally.12．Whatisthepracticaladvicegivenbytheauthorinthelastparagraph?A．Reservebrightcolorsforsocialevents.B．Alwayswearbrightcolorstobenoticed.C．Avoidbrightcolorsinprofessionalsettings.D．Usebrightcolorsstrategicallybasedonyourgoals.D（2024·浙江绍兴·一模）Yourownexperienceofrevisingforexamsmighttellyouthatsessionsofuninterruptedconcentrationcanhelpyoutobetterrememberkeypiecesofinformation.Indeed,manystudentswillengageinintensiverevisionjustbeforeatest—inthebeliefthatessentialsubjectfactsandfigureswillbememorizedreadyforexamday.However,thiscommonlyheldwisdomhasbeencontradictedbyanobservationmadeinapsychologicalstudy.NowknownastheZeigarnikeffect,itwasfoundthatinterruptionduringataskthatrequiresfocuscaninfactimproveaperson’sabilitytorememberitafterwards.ThepsychologistBlumaZeigarmikobservedtheeffectofinterruptiononmemoryprocessingin1927.Intheexperiment,sheaskedeachparticipanttocompleteaseriesofseparatetasks,suchassolvingapuzzleorassemblingaflat-packbox.Duringaroundhalfoftheassignments,participantsweresubtlyinterruptedbytheexperimentsupervisor,whileduringtheremainingtasks,theywereallowedtimetocompletethemuninterrupted.Followingtheexperiment,Zeigarnikinterviewedeachparticipant,askingthemtorecalldetailsofeachtaskthattheyhadattempted.Zeigarnik’sinitialfindingsrevealedthatparticipantswereabletorecalldetailsofinterruptedtasksaround90%betterthanthosewhohadbeenabletocompleteundisturbed.Theseresultssuggestthatadesiretocompleteataskcancauseittoberetainedinaperson’smemoryuntilithasbeencompleted,andthatthefinalityofitscompletionenablestheprocessofforgettingittotakeplace.OnewayofemployingtheZeigarnikeffectwhenattemptingtomemorizeadetailedpieceofinformation,suchasalongphonenumber,orwhenrevisingasubject,mightbetoavoidtryingtorememberitinitsentiretyinonesitting.Takealookattheinformation,familiarizeyourselfwithit,then“interruptyourself”—lookawayfromwhereitiswrittenforafewmomentsandthinkofsomethingelse,beforereturningafewmoretimestorememberchunksofthenumber.Finally,piecethese