湖北省七市州2024-2025学年高三下学期3月联合统一调研测试英语试卷 含解析

年湖北省七市州高三年级3月联合统一调研测试英语试卷本试卷共页。全卷满分分。考试用时分钟。祝考试顺利注意事项：．答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。．选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。．非选择题的作答：用黑色签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。．考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并上交。第一部分听力（共两节，满分分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题分，满分分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的、、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A．£19.15．B．£9.18．C．£9.15．答案是C．1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】WhatwillBruceprobablydothisweekend?A.Playfootball.B.Prepareforanexam.C.friends.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Hi,Bruce.Theweekendiscoming.Anyplans?M:Iintendedtoplayfootballwithfriends,butIhaveanEnglishexamnextMondaysoIhavegottoreviewmynotes.第1页/共27页2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】WhatdidNancydolastmonth?A.Sheattendedaceremony.B.Shesentherteacheramail.C.Shewonawritingcompetition.【答案】C【解析】原文】M:Nancy,what’sinthemailbox?W:It’saletterofcongratulationsfrommyteacher.Iwonthefirstprizeinthenationalwritingcompetitionlastmonth.Hepraisesmywritingstyleandalsoinvitesmetoanaward-givingceremony.3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Inthelibrary.B.Inthegym.C.Inthesupermarket.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Excuseme.Couldyoupleasetellmethewaytotheschoollibrary?M:Sure.rightwhenyouwalkoutofthisgym,passasupermarketandthelibraryisonyourleft.4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whichrestaurantwilltheygoto?A.TheChineserestaurant.B.TheFrenchrestaurant.C.TheItalianrestaurant.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:I’mstarving.Whereshouldweeattoday?TheItalianrestaurantnearthepark,theFrenchonenexttotheshoppingmallorthenewChineseonedowntown?M:I’minthemoodforChinese.Thereviewsofthatnewplacesaytheirdumplingsareamazing.W:Great!Let’sgotherethen.5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whydoesthemanmakethephonecall?A.bookaticket.B.makeanappointment.第2页/共27页C.askaboutopeninghours.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Goodmorning,NationalMuseumofChina.M:Hello,couldyoutellmeyouropeninghoursforSundays?W:Sure.areopenfrom9:00inthemorningto4:00intheafternoon.M:Thanks.第二节（共小题；每小题分，满分分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的、、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。6.Whataretheymainlytalkingabout?A.PublicB.Onlinesecurity.C.banking.7.Whatistheman’sadviceaboutusingpublicnetworks?A.UseaVPN.B.Setpasswords.C.Saveinformation.【答案】6.B7.A【解析】【原文】W:TherearesomanythreatsontheInternetthesedays.M:Soweshouldprotectourselvesonline.First,alwaysusestrongpasswords.Mixnumbers,letters,andsymbols.W:Gotit.WhataboutpublicIoftenuseitincafes.M:doingsensitivethingslikeonlinebankingonpublicnetworks.Ifyoumust,useaVPN,PrivateNetwork.W:Goodidea.M:Meanwhile,becautiousaboutwhatyoushare.Don’tpostprivatedatalikeyouraddress.8.Whataretheytalkingabout?第3页/共27页A.Anewposter.B.Aschoolevent.C.Awildlifeclub.9.Whatdotheythinkofthepictures?A.Pleasing.B.Alarming.C.Comforting.10.Whatwilltheyprobablydo?A.anotice.B.pictures.C.Joinaclub.【答案】8.A9.B10.C【解析】【原文】W:Hi,didyouseethenewposteraboutanimalprotectionontheschoolnoticeboard?M:itisreallyeye-catching.Thepicturesofthoseendangeredanimalsareheartbreaking.W:Exactly!Theonewiththepolarbearonameltingicebergreallystrikesme.Itreallyshowshowhumanactivitiesareaffectingthem.M:Iagree.Didyounoticethecall-to-actionatthebottom?W:meanthepartaboutsigningupfortheanimalprotectionclub?I’mdefinitelyconsideringit.M:Metoo.Maybewecanalsosharetheposteronsocialmediatospreadtheword.W:That’sabrilliantidea.Morepeopleneedtobeawareofthisurgentissue.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Receptionistandguest.B.Guideandvisitor.C.Bossandsecretary.12.Whatisneededforafreebreakfast?A.Stayingforthreenights.B.Usingthefitnesscenter.C.atouristattraction.13.Whatdiscountwillthemangetatthehotelrestaurant?A.10%.B.15%.C.20%.【答案】A12.A13.C【解析】原文】W:Goodafternoon,welcometoourhotel.M:Hi,I’dliketocheckin.Iheardyouhavesomespecialforguests.Couldyoutellmeaboutthem?W:Certainly.Ifyoubookaroomforthreenightsormore,weafreebreakfast.第4页/共27页M:ThatsoundsniceAnythingelse?W:haveafreebusservicetoandfromtheairportandmajortouristattractionsinthecity.Thiscansaveyoualotontransportationcosts.M:Great.I’malsointerestedinthehotel’sdiningoptions.Doyouhaveanydiscountsforguests?W:Asahotelguest,you’llreceivea10%discountforonenight,15%fortwonights,20%forthreeormoreatallofourrestaurants,includingtheoneonthetopfloor.M:Oh,that’swonderful.Whataboutotherfacilitieslikethefitnesscenter?W:Thefitnesscenterisfreetoallguests.alsoprovidefreetowelsandwaterbottlesthere.M:Soundsamazing.IthinkI’llhaveaverycomfortablestayhereforthreenights.14.Whatdoesthemanthinkthehardestpartofvolunteerworkis?A.Committinglonghours.B.Handlingdifficultpeople.C.Seekingpropercooperation.15.Whatistheman’sattitudetowardsdifficultpeople?A.Polite.B.Critical.C.16.Whatrewarddoesthemanmention?A.Impactonotherpeople.B.Possibilityofagoodcareer.C.Increaseofsocialexperience.17.Whatisneededforavolunteerjob?A.Specialskills.B.Strongpassion.C.Professionalknowledge.【答案】14.A15.C16.A17.B【解析】【原文】W:Hi,I’mreallyexcitedtostartmyvolunteerwork,butI’malsoabitworried.I’veheardtherearesomechallenges.第5页/共27页M:that’strue.Thebiggestchallengeistimecommitment.Sometimeswehavetoworklonghours,anditcanbereallytiring.W:That’sapity.AndI’malsoconcernedaboutdealingwithdifficultpeople.Whatifwemeetsomepeoplewhoarenotcooperative?M:that’sanotherchallenge.Butwehavetobepatientandtrytounderstandtheirneeds.Maybethey’rejusthavingabadday.W:right.Buthowabouttherewards?M:Therearemanyrewards.Oneofthemostrewardingthingsisseeingthepositiveimpactwemakeonpeople’slives.It’sreallysatisfying.W:Thatsoundsgreat.Doyoualsomakealotoffriendsthroughvolunteerwork?M:Absolutely.I’vemetsomeamazingpeoplehere.sharethesamepassionandsupporteachother.Italsohelpsusgainvaluableexperience,whichcanbereallybeneficialtoourfuturecareers.W:Great.DoyouthinkIneedanyspecialskillstovolunteer?M:Notreally.Mostvolunteerjobsjustrequireenthusiasmandthewillingnesstohelp.W:Thanksforyoursharing.18.Whoisthespeakertalkingto?A.Universitystudents.B.Natureclubmembers.C.Internationaltourists.19.WhenwillthebusgettothereservenextSaturday?A.At7:30．B.At8:00．C.At8:15．20.Whyistheeventorganised?A.advertiseaclub.B.introduceanadventure.C.expandbiologicalknowledge.【答案】18.B19.C20.C【解析】【原文】Hi,everyone!Iamthrilledtoannouncethatourschool’snatureclubisorganizingabird-watchingtriptothebeautifulLakesideNatureReserve.ThetripisscheduledfornextSaturday,May18th.willmeetattheschoolmainentranceat7:30inthemorning.Pleasebeontimeasthebuswilldepartpreciselyat8:00a.m.It第6页/共27页willtakeaquartertogetthere.Duringthistrip,you’llhavetheuniqueopportunitytoobservevariousbirdspeciesintheirnaturalhabitats.makethemostofit,remembertobringapairofbinoculars,whichwillhelpyouspotthebirdsclearly.comfortablewalkingshoesandsuitableclothingaswe’llbeonfootforasignificantpartoftheday.Thiseventisnotonlyabouthavingfuninnaturebutalsoaneducationalexperiencethatenrichesyourunderstandingoftheecosystemandknowledgeofbiologyinseniorhighschool.Lookforwardtoseeingyoualljoinusforthismemorablebird-watchingadventure.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分分）第一节（共小题；每小题分，满分分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的、、、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AStretching34milesdownthewestcoastofcentralItaly,theAmalfiCoastisdottedwith500-foot-tall(悬崖)and100beaches,aswellas13adorablemulticolouredseasidetowns.in*aSummerispeakseasonfortheAmalfiCoast,andratesarehighduringthistime.DomesticandinternationaltravelersfloodtotheAmalfiCoastduringJulyandAugust,resultingindelays,packedbeachesandseriouslycrowdedstreets.itinspringandfall,whencrowdsarelargelygoneandtemperaturesarethemostcomfortable.*ThoughthebestwaytogetaroundtheAmalfiCoastisbycar,thecostofrentals,taxisandprivatecarsaddsupfast.TheSitabusservicesthewholeoftheAmalfiCoastandratesaslowas2.20euros.*渡船BoattoursintheAmalfiCoastarealuxuryformostpeople,butifyoutaketheferry,whichisatmost20eurosforaone-wayjourney,youcouldsavealot.*Duetothegeographyofthecoast,beachesarecomposedofpebbles(卵石)insteadofsand.Makesuretobringtheproperfootwear.*Theseasidetownsarebuiltintoandmainstreetsunabletoaccommodatecars.So,thebestwaytogetaroundthemisonfoot.21.ForwhatreasonshouldtouristsavoidvisitingtheAmalficoastinsummer?A.Highrates.B.Hotweather.C.Emptystreets.D.Poorservice.22.WhatmakesAmalfibeachesunique?A.Theirlocation.B.Theirquantity.C.Theirhistory.D.Theircomposition.第7页/共27页23.Whatisthebestwaytogetaroundtheseasidetowns?A.Boating.B.Driving.C.D.Cycling.【答案】21.A22.D23.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要讲的是关于意大利AmalfiCoast的旅游指南。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段的“SummerispeakseasonfortheAmalfiCoast,andratesarehighduringthistime.(夏季是AmalfiCoast的旺季，在此期间费率很高)”可知，游客应该避免在夏季前往AmalfiCoast，因为夏季是旅游旺季，费用高。故选A。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Beachesaredifferenthere.Duetothegeographyofthecoast,beachesarecomposedofpebbles(卵石)insteadofsand.Makesuretobringtheproperfootwear.(这里的海滩不一样。由于海岸的地理位置，海滩是由鹅卵石而不是沙子组成的。一定要带合适的鞋子)”可知，Amalfi海滩的不同之处在于它们由鹅卵石而非沙子组成。故选D。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“So,thebestwaytogetaroundthemisonfoot.(在这些地方四处走动的最好的方式是步行)”可知，游历Amalfi的城镇的最佳方式是步行，故选C。BEmma,ayounglibrarianwithaheartwarmingsmileandasteadycommitmenttoherwork,harbouredadeep-seatedfear:publicspeaking.WhenshewasinvitedtodelivertheopeningspeechattheannualSerenityBookFestival—aneventtoosignificanttodecline—heranxietyrose.Oliver,abrightandconsiderateboywhofrequentedthelibrary,quicklysensedEmma’sdepression.Havingalwaysadmiredherwarmthanddevotion,Oliverapproachedherwithagentlesmile.“Whydon’tweovercomeourfearlikeheroesinthem?”hesuggestedkindly,pointingtothebooksontheshelf.Movedbytheboy’scourage,Emmaagreedsoftly,“Alright,let’sgiveitatry!”eachpractice,Emmagraduallygainedtheconfidencetoboldlyfaceherfear.Asthefestivalapproached,Emmapracticedbeforesmallgroups,thenlargerones,steadilyimproving.Butaweekprior,shereceivedanunexpectedletterfromheroldteacher,Mr.Langston,whoexpressedhisintentiontoattendandeagerlyanticipatedherspeech,addingtoherpressure.Noticingherconcern,Oliverremindedherhowmuchshehadimproved.Theydidafinalpracticeinfrontofthelibrarywhoseencouragementboostedher第8页/共27页confidencesignificantly,calminghernervesforthebigday.Thedayofthefestivalarrived.Steppingontothestage,Emmafeltherheartbeatingwildly.Shetookadeepbreathandbegantospeak.Oliver,sittinginthefrontrow,watchedwithpride.Hissmilewidenedasheheardconfidenceinhervoice.Theaudiencelistenedattentively.WhenEmmaconcludedwitharequestforeveryonetolearnfrombooks,therewasamomentofsilence—thenthecrowderuptedintoapplause.ofjoyfilledhereyes,notjustfromrelief,butfromtheoverwhelmingsupportandrecognitionfrombothOliverandtheaudience.Emmatookafinalhowastheapplausedieddownfeelingawarmthinherheart.Sheknewshecouldfacewhatevercamenext.24.WhatwastheproblemwithEmma?A.Ittroubledhertohostanevent.B.Shewasafraidtospeakinpublic.C.Shefounditdifficulttostaycalm.D.Itwashardforhertofundthefestival.25.WhatdoweknowaboutMr.Langston’sletter?A.ItmadeEmmamuchmoreanxious.B.ItencouragedEmmatobeconfident.CIttaughtEmmathetechniquesofspeaking.D.ItinvitedEmmatothecelebrationofthefestival.26.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesEmma?A.Humbleandcapable.B.Carefulandsuccessful.C.Anxiousandambitious.D.Determinedandcommitted.27.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.TheLibrarian’sSecret:AofHiddenFearsB.Emma’sSpeech:AJourneyfromFeartoApplauseC.Oliver’sAdvice:AStoryofFriendshipandSupportD.TheSerenityBookFestival:ACelebrationofLiterature【答案】24.B25.A26.D27.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了图书管理员Emma害怕公众演讲，但在男孩Oliver的鼓励和帮助第9页/共27页下，她克服恐惧，在图书节开幕式演讲中获得了观众的掌声。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Emma,ayounglibrarianwithaheartwarmingsmileandasteadycommitmenttoherwork,harbouredadeep-seatedfear:publicspeaking.(艾玛是一位年轻的图书管理员，她笑容温暖，工作认真负责，但内心深处却藏着一种深深的恐惧：公开演讲)”可知，Emma的问题是害怕在公众场合讲话。故选B项。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Butaweekprior,shereceivedanunexpectedletterfromheroldteacher,Mr.Langston,whoexpressedhisintentiontoattendandeagerlyanticipatedherspeech,addingtoherpressure.(但在演讲前一周，她收到了老教师兰斯顿先生的一封意外来信，他表示打算参加并热切期待她的演讲，这增加了她的压力)”可知，兰斯顿先生的信让Emma更加焦虑了。故选A项。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Emma,ayounglibrarianwithaheartwarmingsmileandasteadycommitmenttoherwork,harbouredadeep-seatedfear:publicspeaking.(艾玛是一位年轻的图书管理员，她笑容温暖，工作认真负责，但内心深处却藏着一种深深的恐惧：公开演讲)”、第二段中“eachpractice,Emmagraduallygainedtheconfidencetoboldlyfaceherfear.(通过每一次练习，Emma逐渐获得了勇敢面对恐惧的信心)三段中“Theydidafinalpracticeinfrontofthelibrarywhoseencouragementboostedherconfidencesignificantly,calminghernervesforthebigday.(他们在图书馆工作人员面前进行了最后一次练习，他们的鼓励大大增强了她的信心，让她在大日子到来时平静下来)”和第四段中“Theaudiencelistenedattentively.WhenEmmaconcludedwitharequestforeveryonetolearnfrombooks,therewasamomentofsilence—thenthecrowderuptedintoapplause.(沉默了一会儿，然后人群爆发出掌声)”可知，Emma克服了对公开演讲的恐惧，通过坚持和不断练习，赢得了观众的掌声，这展现了她为实现目标的坚决(determined)和坚定(committed)。故选D项。【27题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Emma,ayounglibrarianwithaheartwarmingsmileandasteadycommitmenttoherwork,harbouredadeepseatedfear:publicspeaking.(责，但内心深处却藏着一种深深的恐惧：公开演讲)”可知Emma一开始害怕公众演讲；再根据第四中段中“Thedayofthefestivalarrived.Steppingontothestage,Emmafeltherheartbeatingwildly.Shetookadeepbreathandbegantospeak.Oliver,sittinginthefrontrow,watchedwithpride.Hissmilewidenedasheheardconfidenceinhervoice.Theaudiencelistenedattentively.WhenEmmaconcludedwitharequestforeveryoneto第10页/共27页learnfrombooks,therewasamomentofsilence—thenthecrowderuptedintoapplause.(节日当天到了。艾玛走上舞台，感到心跳得厉害。她深吸了一口气，开始说话。奥利弗坐在前排，骄傲地看着他们。当他听到她的声音充满信心时，他的笑容更灿烂了。听众聚精会神地听着。当艾玛结束时，她要求每个人都从书本中学习，大家沉默了一会儿，然后人群爆发出掌声)”可知，Emma最终克服恐惧在演讲中获得了掌声。所以文章主要讲述了Emma从害怕公众演讲到获得掌声的过程。B选项“Emma’sSpeech:AJourneyfromFeartoApplause(艾玛的演讲：从恐惧到掌声的旅程)”能概括文章的主要内容，最适合做文章标题。故选B项。COurcultureisaddictedtocollectivegoalsettingandtheideathatformingnewhabitsduringspecifictimesoftheyearwillleadtosuccessfuloutcomes.Butitturnsoutthere’snorealevidencethatitisthecase.Infact,researchsuggeststhatonlytwopeopleintenstickwiththeirNewresolutionslongterm.“IamawareofnoresearchshowingthatstartingfreshinJanuaryorOctoberoranyothermonthmakesyoumorelikelytostickwithanewbehaviour,”saysabehaviouralpsychologistattheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia.Therealityisthat,whenitcomestoestablishingnewhabits,therereallyisanidealtimetodoit—butitmightnotbewhenyouthink.callssuchidealmoments“turningpoints”—suchasanupcominghighschoolreunioncausingyoutowanttoloseafewpounds,orover-drafting(透支)yourbankaccountandrealizingitistimetoimproveyourcareer.Hesayssuchmomentstendtoprovidelastingfeelingsofmotivationbecausetheyarerootedinsomethingmeaningfulandmorein-depththanjustgoingalongwitheveryoneelse.Regardlessofwhatpromotesyourmotivation,saysitiscriticaltotakeactionassoonasyoufeelthedesirebecauseyoumayonlyhaveashortwindowofopportunitytomakedecisionsaboutwhatyouwanttodobeforeyouroldhabitsgetintheway.Forinstance,writeoutadailyschedulethatincludestimeforyournewhabitandpostitwhereyou’llseeiteachmorning.mightalsojoinagymwhileyourmotivationishightolockyourselfintoamonthlypaymentthatwillkeepyoumotivatedtousethemembershipevenafteryourinterestingettinginshapebeginstocool.Anotherstrategyforsuccessfulhabitformationisbreakingdownbiggergoalsintosmaller,morespecificones.Soinsteadofsaying“I’mgoingtolose10poundsamonth”,setagoaltolimityourdailycalorieintakeandgettothegymfor30minutesaday.28.WhatisattitudetowardmakingNewresolutions?A.Doubtful.B.Approving.C.Casual.D.Objective.29.Whichofthefollowingexamplescanbecalleda“turningpoint”?第11页/共27页A.Fallingillfromheavywork.B.Fulfillingalong-helddream.C.Exercisingonaregularbasis.D.ReceivingNewwishes.30.Whatplaysaleadingroleinreachingone’sgoalaccordingtoA.Motivation.B.Determination.C.Opportunity.D.Action.31.Whatisthistextmainlyabout?A.Strategiesforsettingacollectivegoal.B.Proceduresforfindingaturningpoint.C.Approachestodevelopinganewhabit.D.MethodsofmakingaNewwish.【答案】28.A29.A30.D31.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了培养新习惯的理想时机及有效方法。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段的““IamawareofnoresearchshowingthatstartingfreshinJanuaryorOctoberoranyothermonthmakesyoumorelikelytostickwithanewbehaviour,”saysabehaviouralpsychologistattheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia.(110)对制定新年计划持怀疑态度。故选A。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段的“callssuchidealmoments“turningpoints”—suchasanupcominghighschoolreunioncausingyoutowanttoloseafewpounds,orover-drafting(透支)yourbankaccountandrealizingitistimetoimproveyourcareer.(伍德称这些理想时刻为“转折点”——比如即将到来的高中同学聚会让你想)生病”这种情况可能会促使人们改变生活方式等，可被称为“转折点”。故选A。【30题详解】Regardlessofwhatpromotesyourmotivation,saysitiscriticaltotakeactionassoonasyoufeelthedesirebecauseyoumayonlyhaveashortwindowofopportunitytomakedecisionsaboutwhatyouwanttodobeforeyouroldhabitsgetintheway.(第12页/共27页种欲望，立即采取行动是至关重要的，因为在你的旧习惯阻碍你之前，你可能只有很短的机会来决定你想做什么)”可知，根据的说法，在实现目标的过程中，采取行动起着主导作用。故选D。【31题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“Ourcultureisaddictedtocollectivegoalsettingandtheideathatformingnewhabitsduringspecifictimesoftheyearwillleadtosuccessfuloutcomes.(我们的文化沉迷于设定集体目标，并认为在一年中的特定时期养成新习惯将会带来成功的结果)”以及最后一段中“Anotherstrategyforsuccessfulhabitformationisbreakingdownbiggergoalsintosmaller,morespecificones.(成功养成习惯的另一个策略是将更大的目标分解成更小、更具体的目标)”可知，本文主要讲述了如何成功养成新习惯的方法和策略。故选C。DThere’sasmallfattythymus(胸腺),anorganlocatedinourupperchest,justbehindthebreastbone.Thisorganisoftensaidtobea‘waste’inadulthood.However,areviewstudysuggeststhethymusisnotnearlyasuselessasexpertsoncethought.Inchildhood,thethymusisknowntoplayacriticalroleindevelopingtheimmune(免疫的)system.Whenthethymusisremovedatayoungage,patientsshowlong-termreductionsinTcells,whichareatypeofwhitebloodcellthatfightsagainstgerms(细菌)anddisease.Kidswithoutathymusalsotendtohaveadamagedimmuneresponsetovaccines.Bythetimeapersonhitsadolescence,thethymusshrivelsupandproducesfarfewerTcellsforthebody.Itcanseeminglyberemovedwithoutimmediateharm,andbecauseitsitsinfrontoftheheart,itisoftentakenoutduringheartsurgery.Forsomepatientswiththymuscancerorautoimmunediseases,theyneedsurgerytoremovethethymus.Butthethymusisn’talwaysaproblem.Usingpatientdatafromastatehealthcaresystem,researchersinBostoncomparedtheoutcomesofpatientswhohadundergoneheartsurgery:morethan6,000people(thecontrolgroup)whodidnothavetheirthymusremovedand1,146peoplewhodidhavetheirthymusremoved.Thosewhounderwentathymusremovalwerealmosttwiceaslikelyascontrolstodiewithin5years,evenafteraccountingforsex,ageandrace.Patientswhohadtheirthymusremovedwerealsotwiceaslikelytodevelopcancerwithin5yearsofsurgery.Whytheseassociationsexistisunknown,butresearcherssuspectalackofthymusissomehowmessingwiththehealthyfunctionoftheadultimmunesystem.thesefindingssupportaroleforthethymuscontributingtonewT-cellproductioninadulthoodandtoadulthealth,”theauthorsconclude.Theirresults,theysay,stronglysuggestthatthethymusplaysafunctionallyimportantroleinourcontinuedhealth.第13页/共27页32.Whyisthethymusimportantinchildhood?A.Itgeneratesblood.B.ItproducesTcells.C.Itdamagesvaccines.D.Itrepairsimmunefunctions.33.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“shrivelsup”inparagraph3mean?A.Separates.B.Survives.C.D.Disappears.34.What’sthepurposeofparagraph4?A.analysedata.B.reachaconclusion.C.provideevidence.D.illustratethepurpose.35.Whichstatementwilltheauthorprobablyagreewith?A.Studiesonthethymusstillneedimproving.B.Preservingthethymusbenefitsadulthealth.C.Heartpatientsshouldhavethethymusmaintained.D.Removingthethymusstimulatestheimmunesystem.【答案】32.B33.C34.C35.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了胸腺在童年时对免疫系统发育很重要，青春期会萎缩，研究表明移除胸腺会影响成年健康，说明其在成年健康中也有重要作用。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Whenthethymusisremovedatayoungage,patientsshowlongtermreductionsinTcells,whichareatypeofwhitebloodcellthatfightsagainstgerms(细菌)anddisease.(当胸腺在年轻时被切除时，患者的T细胞会长期减少，T细胞是一种对抗细菌和疾病的白细胞)”可知，胸腺在童年时重要是因为它能产生T细胞。故选B项。【33题详解】词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Whenthethymusisremovedatayoungage,patientsshowlongtermreductionsinTcells,whichareatypeofwhitebloodcellthatfightsagainstgerms(细菌)anddisease.(当胸腺在年轻时被切除时，患者的T细胞会长期减少，T细胞是一种对抗细菌和疾病的白细胞)”可知，胸腺有助于T细胞的产生。根据划线词所在中“Bythetimeapersonhitsadolescence,thethymusshrivelsupandproducesfarfewerTcellsforthebody.(T细胞也少得多)”中“producesfarfewerTcells”可推知，T细胞的产生少了很多是由于胸腺功能的减弱。故划线短语shrivelsup的意思是“变弱”，与C项“”同义。故选C项。第14页/共27页【34题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Usingpatientdatafromastatehealthcaresystem,researchersinBostoncomparedtheoutcomesofpatientswhohadundergoneheartsurgery:morethan6,000people(thecontrolgroup)whodidnothavetheirthymusremovedand1,146peoplewhodidhavetheirthymusremoved.Thosewhounderwentathymusremovalwerealmosttwiceaslikelyascontrolstodiewithin5years,evenafteraccountingforsex,ageandrace.Patientswhohadtheirthymusremovedwerealsotwiceaslikelytodevelopcancerwithin5yearsofsurgery.(波士顿的研究人员利用一个州医疗系统的患者数据，比较了接受心脏手术的患者的结果：6000多名(对照组)未切除胸腺的人和名切除了胸腺的人。即使考虑了性别、年龄和种族因素，切除胸腺的人在5年内死亡的可能性几乎是对照组的两倍。切除胸腺的患者在手术后5年内患癌症的可能性也是对照组的两倍)”可推知，这一段通过对比两组患者的数据，为“胸腺对成年健康有重要作用”这一观点提供了证据。故选C项。【35题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中作者的话“thesefindingssupportaroleforthethymuscontributingtonewTcellproductioninadulthoodandtoadulthealth(这些发现共同表明，胸腺在成年期对新T细胞的产生和成年健康都有作用)”和“Theirresults,theysay,stronglysuggestthatthethymusplaysafunctionallyimportantroleinourcontinuedhealth.(作用)”可知，作者认为胸腺很重要。由此推知，作者可能会同意保留胸腺有益于成年健康这一观点。故选B项。第二节（共5小题；每小题分，满分分）Choosingthebestdietforyoucanoftenseemascomplexasrocketscience.Itrequiresamajorcommitmentoftime,willpowerandinsomecases,money.____36____Below,expertswalkyouthroughtheprocessofpickingthedietthatbestmeetsyouruniquegoalsandneeds.Assessingyourindividualgoalsandanyspecifichealthconcernsisanimportantstepofchoosingtherightdietforyourhealthandlifestyle.____37____canreflecthowtheymadeyoufeel,bothphysicallyandmentally.Meanwhile,youshouldalsotakeyourpresenteatinghabitsintoaccount.Whichpositivehabitsdoyoualreadyhaveandwishtocontinue?Startingadietcanbedrivenbyarangeofmotivatingfactors.____38____will,however,probablypictureweightlossasthedrivingone,becauseoftherepeatedmarketingfromtheweight-lossindustry.Newdietfoodsarecontinuallyintroduced,oftenpromisingquickandeasyresults.Butfindingadietthat’srightforyouismorethanweightloss.第15页/共27页____39____Theyencouragetheconsumptionofwholeorminimallyprocessedfoods,whichincludeavarietyoffruitsandvegetables,qualityprotein,wholegrainsandhealthyfats.Theyemphasiselimitingaddedsugarsandsalt.Theyallowflexibilitysothatfamiliescaneattogetheroryoucangoouttodinnerwithoutworryingaboutwhattoeat.Changewon’thappenovernight,andyourdietisonlyonecomponentofabalancedandsustainableapproachtolong-termlifestylechanges.____40____Rapidandextremechangesmaybedifficulttosustainandcouldhavenegativeasaresult.A.Howdoesadietwork?B.Butwheredoyoubegin?C.somethingnewcanberealistic.D.Thefirstthingtoconsideristotakealookatyourpastdiets.E.Settingrealisticexpectationsneedstoallowforgradualadaptation.F.Whatgooddietshaveincommonisthattheyareallaboutbalance.G.Theyincludeweightloss,diseasepreventionandsavingmoneyandthelike.【答案】36.B37.D38.G39.F40.E【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了选择最适合自己的饮食计划的过程，包括评估个人目标和健康关注点、考虑过去的饮食习惯、理解减肥并非唯一动机、好饮食的共同点在于平衡以及设定现实的期望等。【36题详解】根据上文“Choosingthebestdietforyoucanoftenseemascomplexasrocketscience.Itrequiresamajorcommitmentoftime,effort,willpowerandinsomecases,money.(为自己选择最佳的饮食方案常常看似像火箭科学一样复杂。这需要投入大量的时间、精力、意志力，在某些情况下，还需要花钱。)”可知，Below,expertswalkyouthroughtheprocessofpickingthedietthatbestmeetsyouruniquegoalsandneeds.(你了解选择最能满足你独特目标和需求的饮食方案的过程。)”则指出专家会带你了解选择最适合自己独特B“Butwheredoyoubegin?(但你从哪里开始呢？)”能够很好地衔接上下文，引出下文关于如何选择合适饮食的内容。故选B。【37题详解】根据下文“Youcanreflecthowtheymadeyoufeel,bothphysicallyandmentally.(你可以回想它们让你在第16页/共27页身体和精神上的感受。)”可知，下文指出我们可以回想食物给自己带来的感受。选项D“Thefirstthingtoconsideristotakealookatyourpastdiets.(首先要考虑的是回顾一下你过去的饮食)”中的“diets”和下文的“they”保持一致；同时内容上符合语境，先回顾过去的饮食，然后再思考感受。故选D。【38题详解】根据上文“Startingadietcanbedrivenbyarangeofmotivatingfactors.(开始一种饮食可能由一系列激励因素驱动。)G“Theyincludeweightloss,diseasepreventionandsavingmoneyandthelike.(它们包括减肥、疾病预防和省钱等等。)”中的“they”指的是上文提到的“factors”；而内容上具体说明了这些激励因素，起到了承上启下的作用。故选G。【39题详解】空处为段首句，为本段主要内容。根据下文“Theyencouragetheconsumptionofwholeorminimallyprocessedfoods,whichincludeavariety