宁夏石嘴山市2024-2025学年高一上学期期末教学质量检测英语试题

石嘴山市2024—2025学年第一学期高一年级教学质量检英语试卷(考试时间120分钟;满分150分)注意事项：1.答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在考生信息码粘贴区。2.选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂;非选择题必须使用0.5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写，工整、笔迹清楚。3.请按照题号顺序在答题卡各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效草稿纸、试卷上答题无效。4.作图可先使用铅笔画出，确定后必须用黑色字迹的签字笔描黑。5.保持卡面清洁，不要折叠，不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有：题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.15.C.£9.18.答案是B。1.WhatkindoffruitdoesAdam,likebest?A.Apples.B.Oranges.C.Pears.2.WhydoesthemancallOlivia?AToinvitehertoaparty.B.Topostponeanappointment.C.Toaskaboutthehomework.3.Whatarethespeakersgoingtodonext?A.Gotothehospital.B.WaitforMark.C.Haveameeting.4.Whatwilltheweatherbelikethisafternoon?A.Rainy.B.Cloudy.C.Sunny.5.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Anewmeasure.B.Citytraffic.C.Acaraccident.第二节(共15小题;每题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。6.WheredidCindygrowup?A.InGermany.B.InEngland.C.InPoland.7.WhydidCindyetoBeijing?A.Forwork.B.Forstudy.C.Forsightseeing.听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。8.HowoldisClarknow?A.10.B.12.C.22.9.WhatwillClarkdoinNewZealandinSeptember?A.Receivesometraining.B.Visithisfamily.C.Takeaholiday.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whatisthebookmainlyabout?A.Awriter.B.Aparrot.C.Anartist.11.Whodrewpicturesforthebook?AAmyGuglielmo.B.BrettHelquist.C.Cezanne.12.Howdoesthemanfeelafterreadingthebook?A.Shocked.BDisappointed.C.Inspired.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13WhatisJennifer?A.Amanager.B.AstudentC.Atourguide.14.WhatwillJenniferdofirstthissummer?A.Takeatripabroad.B.Visithergrandparents.C.Dosomevolunteerwork.15Whatsubjectwillthemanprobablyteach?A.Geography.B.English.C.Science.16.WhenwillthemanfinishhisworkinNepal?A.OnJuly23rd.B.OnJuly16th.C.OnJuly10th.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whoneedsababysitternow?A.Thespeaker’srelative.B.Thespeaker’sfriend.C.Thespeaker’sneighbor.18.Wheredothecouplemostprobablywork?A.Atarestaurant.B.Atahospital.C.Atschool.19.Whendoesthebabysitterneedtowork?A.Inthemorning.B.Intheafternoon.C.Intheevening.20.Whatarethecouplelikeaccordingtothespeaker?A.Serious.B.Easygoing.C.Interesting.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ASTATravel,theworld’slargeststudentsandyouthtravelagency,beatsanyprice!Everydaywe’reworkingwithourpartnersaroundtheglobetogetyou(students,teachersandanyoneunder26)thecheapestandmostfortableflightsandtopratedacmodations.Thispartofprovidesgreattipsforgreentravelhowtopack,howtoleaveyourhouseorapartment,andhowtoplanforyourtrips.You’llalsofindagreatselectionofgreentraveladventuretripstoallcornersoftheworld.Greentravelmeansresponsibletravel!Leaveaslittleinfluenceaspossibleontheplacesyouvisitandprotecttheenvironmentbothathomeandduringyourtrip.Think“Green”whenyoupackandwhenyoutravel.You’llhelppreventlongtermeffectsonthemunitiesyouleaveandvisit!Here’ssomeadviceonhowtodothat.BeforeyouleaveTurnyourwaterheatertoitslowestsetting.Turnoffyourwaterfromtheoutside.Unplug(拔去……的插头)electronicsandappliances.WhileyoutravelPackecofriendlyclothesinyourecofriendlyluggage.Don’tbuysouvenirsproducedfromendangeredspecies:shells,feathers,oranimalskins.Carryareusablebottleforwaterandrefillitasyougo.1.Greentravelerscaremostabout_________.A.Flight B.acmodations C.nature D.prices2.Whatarethereadersadvisedtodobeforetheygoonatrip?A.Trytoleavelittleinfluenceontheplacestheyvisit.B.Makesuretheelectronicsandappliancesarepluggedin.C.Examinethewaterquality.D.Examinethewatersupply.3.Wherecanwemostprobablyreadthetext?A.Onatravelwebsite. B.Inatravelmagazine.C.Onanenvironmentalwebsite. D.Inanenvironmentalmagazine.【答案】1.C2.D3.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界上最大的学生青年旅行社。它帮助游客制造一个无污染的绿色环保旅行，并就如何做到绿色旅行提出了几条建议。【1题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段中“Leaveaslittleinfluenceaspossibleontheplacesyouvisitandprotecttheenvironmentbothathomeandduringyourtrip.(尽量减少对你所参观的地方的影响，并在家中和旅途中保护环境。)”可知，绿色旅行者最关心的是保护大自然。故选C。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Beforeyouleave部分中的“Turnyourwaterheatertoitslowestsetting.Turnoffyourwaterfromtheoutside.(把热水器调到最低设置。关掉外面的水龙头。)”可知，旅行之前读者被建议检查水源。故选D。【3题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中“Thispartofstatravelprovidesgreattipsforgreentravel—howtopack,howtoleaveyourhouseorapartment,andhowtoplanforyourtrips.(statravel的这一部分为绿色旅行提供了很好的建议——如何打包，如何离开你的房子或公寓，以及如何计划你的旅行。你也会发现一个伟大的选择绿色旅行冒险旅行到世界的各个角落。)”可知，文章主要介绍了世界上最大的学生青年旅行社，它帮助游客制造一个无污染的绿色环保旅行，并就如何做到绿色旅行提出了几条建议。故我们可以在旅游网站上读到这篇文章。故选A。BWhenHelenaBonhamCarterwalkedontothesetof2012’sDarkShadowsmovie,shehadstrongunpleasantsmellofbourbonwhiskeyandcigarettes.Hercharactersmokedanddrankcontinuously,butBonhamCarterdidn’tsmokeordrink;shehadsimplywornperfume(香水)createdspecificallyforherbyperfumerAzziGlasser.Glasserhasalsofashionedadarkblendoffoxglove,poisonhemlockandbelladonnaforBellatrixLestrangeintheHarryPotterfilms,achocolatechiliscentedperfumefortheRedQueencharacterinAliceinWonderlandandwhatGlasserdescribesasamixtureof“old,crackedsoap”fortheroleofMissHavishamin2012’sGreatExpectations.Theperfumerbelievesthatperfumehelpstotrulyunderstandthemostimportantpartofacharacter.“We’llmeetuptotalkabouttherole,thestyling,whothedirectoris,whotheotheractorsare,thespace,atmosphere,wheretheymightbefilming,whetheritwillbecoldorhot.Therearemanynecessarypartsatplay.I’llthengoandstarttestingandmakingslightchangesuntiltheperfumeisabsolutelyperfect,”saidGlasserwhocanspendanythingfromaweektothreemonthstocreateacustommadeperfume.Azzibelievesthateachplaceisunique,andherheightenedsenseofsmellcanpickupeventhemostunnoticeablenotestohelpherdesigntheperfectsmelltostressguests’experience.Sheevencreatedaperfumeforherownhome:“Mykids’friendsloveingtoourhome.Theyoftenjokethattheylovethewaytheysmellwhenleaving.”“Havingaperfumethatismadeespeciallyforyou,whichyouloveandthosearoundyouenjoyandwhichcreatesapersonalstyleandmemoriesforyearstoe,isakindofpleasureinlife,”Glassersaid.Andtheresultslastalifetime—theideaisthatthissmellwillbeeyoursignature(鲜明特色)forlife.“Thehappinessthatitbringstopeoplewhentheyhavetheirowncustommadeperfumeforlife—whetheryouareatopHollywoodactor,amodel,anartistorthegirlorboynextdoor—isafantasticfeelingformetolivewith.IfeelthatIamaddingsomesortofvaluetopeople’slives,whichisoneofthereasonswhyIlovewhatIdoandlovethelifeIlive.”4.WhydoestheauthormentionHelenaBonhamCarterinparagraph1?A.Totalkaboutthemovie. B.Toadvertisethespecialperfume.C.Toleadintheperfumer. D.Toshowtheharmofwhiskeyandcigarettes.5.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.Differentpeopletheperfumermeetsup.B.Muchefforttheperfumerputsintomakingaperfume.C.Considerabletimespentinunderstandingthecharacter.D.Manyimportantpartsincludedinacustommadeperfume.6.WhatdoweknowaboutAzziGlasser?A.Shebelievestheboynextdoorsenseslesshappinessbroughtbyperfume.B.Herkid’sfriendsoftenbuycustommadeperfumeatherhome.C.Addingvaluetopeople’slivesisthemostimportantreasonwhyshelovesherjob.D.Theunnoticeablenoteshelpherdesignthepersonalizedsmelltostrengthenguests’experience.7.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesAzziGlasser?A.Fashionableandloving. B.Creativeandconsiderate.C.Responsibleandprofessional. D.Consistentandproud.【答案】4.C5.B6.D7.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了为众多电影角色调制私人定制香水的调香师阿齐•格拉瑟以及她的理念：专属香水会让人感到满足，也会成为一个人一生的鲜明特色。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“WhenHelenaBonhamCarterwalkedontothesetof2012’sDarkShadowsmovie,shehadstrongunpleasantsmellofbourbonwhiskeyandcigarettes.Hercharactersmokedanddrankcontinuously,butBonhamCarterdidn’tsmokeordrink;shehadsimplywornperfume(香水)createdspecificallyforherbyperfumerAzziGlasser.(当海伦娜·伯翰·卡特走进2012年电影《黑影》的拍摄现场时，她身上散发着波旁威士忌和香烟的强烈难闻气味。她的角色不停地抽烟喝酒，但伯翰·卡特既不抽烟也不喝酒；她只喷了调香师阿齐•格拉瑟专门为她制作的香水。)”可知，第一段虽以海伦娜•伯翰•卡特在电影《黑暗阴影》出演的角色开头，但最终目的是要引出下文，即文章主要谈论的人物：调香师阿齐•格拉瑟。故选C。【5题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段“Theperfumerbelievesthatperfumehelpstotrulyunderstandthemostimportantpartofacharacter.“We’llmeetuptotalkabouttherole,thestyling,whothedirectoris,whotheotheractorsare,thespace,atmosphere,wheretheymightbefilming,whetheritwillbecoldorhot.Therearemanynecessarypartsatplay.I’llthengoandstarttestingandmakingslightchangesuntiltheperfumeisabsolutelyperfect,”saidGlasserwhocanspendanythingfromaweektothreemonthstocreateacustommadeperfume.(调香师认为，香水有助于真正了解一个人物最重要的部分。“我们会见面讨论角色、造型、导演是谁、其他演员是谁、空间、氛围、他们可能在哪里拍摄、天气是冷还是热。有许多必要的部分在起作用。然后我会开始测试，并做一些细微的改变，直到香水绝对完美为止。”格拉瑟说，他可以花一周到三个月的时间来制作一款定制香水。)”可知，该段主要讲的是调香师为制作一种香水付出了很大的努力。故选B项。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“Azzibelievesthateachplaceisunique,andherheightenedsenseofsmellcanpickupeventhemostunnoticeablenotestohelpherdesigntheperfectsmelltostressguests’experience.(阿齐相信每个地方都是独一无二的，她敏锐的嗅觉甚至可以捕捉到最不明显的特点，帮助她设计出完美的气味，以强调客人的体验。)”可知，阿齐•格拉瑟拥有敏锐的嗅觉，这可以帮助她捕捉到最不明显的特点，从而设计出完美的气味，增强客户的体验。故选D。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“I’llthengoandstarttestingandmakingslightchangesuntiltheperfumeisabsolutelyperfect,”saidGlasserwhocanspendanythingfromaweektothreemonthstocreateacustommadeperfume.(然后我会开始测试，并做一些细微的改变，直到香水绝对完美为止。”格拉瑟说，他可以花一周到三个月的时间来制作一款定制香水。)”、第四段中“Azzibelievesthateachplaceisunique,andherheightenedsenseofsmellcanpickupeventhemostunnoticeablenotestohelpherdesigntheperfectsmelltostressguests’experience.(阿齐相信每个地方都是独一无二的，她敏锐的嗅觉甚至可以捕捉到最不明显的特点，帮助她设计出完美的气味，以强调客人的体验。)”以及第五段中““Thehappinessthatitbringstopeoplewhentheyhavetheirowncustommadeperfumeforlife—whetheryouareatopHollywoodactor,amodel,anartistorthegirlorboynextdoor—isafantasticfeelingformetolivewith.IfeelthatIamaddingsomesortofvaluetopeople’slives,whichisoneofthereasonswhyIlovewhatIdoandlovethelifeIlive.”(无论你是好莱坞顶级演员、模特、艺术家还是邻家女孩或男孩，拥有属于自己的终身定制香水给人们带来的快乐，对我来说都是一种奇妙的感觉。”我觉得我正在为人们的生活增添某种价值，这也是我热爱自己的工作和生活的原因之一。”)”可知，阿齐•格拉瑟会为了调制出完美的香水付出很多努力，并且她还可以捕捉到很难察觉的特点，所以她是个有责任心和精通业务的人。故选C。CHavingfriendsisobviouslygoodforcountlessreasons.Andshowingtheworldthatyouhavelotsoffriends,forexampleonsocialmedia,seemslikeawinningstrategy.Ifthatisthetruth,yourgoalistoexpandyoursocialnetwork.Oncepeopleseehowpopularyouare,they'llwanttojointhatpopularcircle,perhapsinthehopethatsomeofyourpopularitywillruboffonthem.Nevertheless,canapersonevenhavetoomanyfriendsatthesametime?It’salwaysbeenamisconceptionthatifyouhavemorefriends,peoplewillbemorelikelytowanttobefriendsyou.Infact,anewstudypublishedintheJournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychologyshowsthathavingtoomanyfriendsmayworkagainstyou.Inaseriesofexperiments.theauthorsprovethatpeopleusuallyprefertobefriendthosewhohavefewerfriendsthantheydo,ratherthanthosewithmorefriends.Theauthorscallthisphenomenonthe“friendnumberparadox(悖论)”,whichisalsothetitleoftheirnewpaper.Socialtiesareobviouslyimportant.Havingmoreoftheseconnectionssuggestsgreatersocialvalue,andmorepotentialpossibilities.Soitseemsreasonabletoassumethatpeoplewillfocustheirsocialenergiesonbefriendingpeoplewhohavelotsoffriendsalready.Buttheproblemisthatthesesocialtiesareonlyvaluableifthere’sreciprocity(互惠)involved.Friendshipgoeshandinhandwithcertainresponsibilitiesandexpectations.Andpeoplewithlotsoffriendsmaynotbeabletofulfillthoseresponsibilities—especiallythosewithtoomanyfriends.Inotherwords,“friendshipquality”mattersasmuch,ifnotmore,thanonlythenumberoffriendsyouhave.Havinglotsoffriendsmeansyourprecioussocialresourcesbeedilute(稀释了的),makingyoulessabletobeagoodfriend.Andotherpeopletakethatintoaccountconsciously(有意识地)orunconsciouslywhendecidingwhethertobefriendyou.Theydon’twanttospendtheirvaluablesocialresourcesonsomeonewhoisunlikelytopayitback.8.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“ruboffon”inparagraphlmean?A.Lookforwardto. B.Takecontrolof.C.Holdonto. D.Haveaneffecton.9.Whatdoesthe“friendnumberparadox”show?A.Thesecretstobeingpopular.B.Thewaysofwinningmorefriends.C.Theadvantagesofhavingmanyfriends.D.Theproblemswithhavingmanyfriends.10.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofpeoplewithlotsoffriends?A.Theymayfailtoperformtheirduties.B.Theydon’tknowaboutreciprocity.C.Theyaremorelikelytobegoodfriends.D.Theyhavemoreprecioussocialresources.11.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.HowDoPeopleChooseTheirFriends?B.MoreFriendsAreNotNecessarilyBetterC.WhyDoPeopleLikeHavingMoreFriends?D.PeopleWithMoreFriendsAreMorePopular【答案】8.D9.D10.A11.B【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述一项研究表明，拥有太多的朋友对你可能并没有好处。【8题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句中“Oncepeopleseehowpopularyouare,they'llwanttojointhatpopularcircle,perhapsinthehopethatsomeofyourpopularitywillruboffonthem.”(一旦人们看到你很受欢迎，他们就会想加入这个受欢迎的圈子，也许是寄希望于通过你的受欢迎程度去ruboffon他们。)可知，因为你的受欢迎，使得人们想加入到这个受欢迎的圈子，即你对他们有了影响，由此可知，划线短语ruboffon，意为“影响”。短语：haveaneffecton“对……有影响”，与划线短语同义，故选D。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Infact,anewstudypublishedintheJournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychologyshowsthathavingtoomanyfriendsmayworkagainstyou.Inaseriesofexperiments.theauthorsprovethatpeopleusuallyprefertobefriendthosewhohavefewerfriendsthantheydo,ratherthanthosewithmorefriends.Theauthorscallthisphenomenonthe“friendnumberparadox(悖论)”,whichisalsothetitleoftheirnewpaper.”（实际上，发表在《人格与社会心理学杂志》上的一项新的研究表明，朋友太多可能对你不利。作者通过一系列的实验证明，人们通常更愿意与那些比他们的朋友少的人交朋友，而不是有更多的朋友的人。这就是“朋友数量悖论”，这也是它们新的论文的标题。）可知，“朋友数量悖论”表明朋友太多可能对你不利，即有太多朋友带来的麻烦。故选D。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段最后两句“Friendshipgoeshandinhandwithcertainresponsibilitiesandexpectations.Andpeoplewithlotsoffriendsmaynotbeabletofulfillthoseresponsibilities—especiallythosewithtoomanyfriends.”（友谊与某些责任和期望密切相关。有很多朋友的人可能无法履行这些责任，特别是那些朋友太多的人。）可知，有很多朋友的人可能会无法履行责任。故选A。【11题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，结合文章第三段“Infact,anewstudypublishedintheJournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychologyshowsthathavingtoomanyfriendsmayworkagainstyou.Inaseriesofexperiments.theauthorsprovethatpeopleusuallyprefertobefriendthosewhohavefewerfriendsthantheydo,ratherthanthosewithmorefriends.Theauthorscallthisphenomenonthe“friendnumberparadox(悖论)”,whichisalsothetitleoftheirnewpaper.”（发表在《人格与社会心理学杂志》上的一项新的研究表明，朋友太多可能对你不利。作者通过一系列的实验证明，人们通常更愿意与那些比他们的朋友少的人交朋友，而不是有更多的朋友的人。这就是“朋友数量悖论”，这也是它们新的论文的标题。）可知，本文介绍了一项研究结果：拥有太多的朋友对你可能并没有好处。故选B。DScientistshavealreadyestablishedfrommultiplestudiesthatMarscontainslargeamountsofwater.Mostofthewaterexistsintheformofice.Chineseresearcherssaytheyhavebuiltanartificialintelligence(AI)robotthatcanusematerialsfoundonMarstoproducecatalysts(催化剂)tobreakdownwaterandreleaseoxygen.ItcouldbeanotherwayforspacetravelersinthefuturetomakemuchneededoxygenonMars.ExperimentswerecarriedoutonmeteoritesthateithercamefromMarsorcontainedmaterialssimilartotheMartiansurface.The“robotchemist”firstusedanacidandchemicalmixturetoseparateandexaminematerialscontainedinthemeteorites.Itidentifiedseveraldifferentmetallicelementsandthenworkedtoidentifydifferentmolecules(分子)thatcouldbeproducedfrommeteoritematerials.Thesystemfoundmorethan3.7millionpossiblemoleculebinations.Therobotusedthatdatatopredictwhichcatalystswouldbeabletosplitwatermoleculestoproduceoxygen.Thecatalystchosenasthebestfitwasabletooperateatminus37degreesCelsius.ThistemperatureissimilartocurrentconditionsonMars.Thestudy’sleadwriter,JunJiang,saidthatasaboy,heoftendreamedofbeingabletoonedaytravelinspace.“Sowhenwefinallysawthatthecatalystsmadebytherobotcouldactuallyproduceoxygenbysplittingwatermolecules.Ifeltlikemydreamwasingtrue.IevenstartedtoimaginethatI,myself,willliveonMarsinthefuture.”Areportexplainingthestudy’sresultsnotesJiangsuggeststhatforeverysquaremeterofMartianmaterial,hisgroup’ssystemcouldproducenearly60gramsofoxygenperhour.TheresearcherssaythislevelofproductioncouldremovetheneedforfutureastronautstotransportoxygenfromEarth.“Therobotcanworkcontinuouslyforyears.”Jiangsaid.Jiangsaid,“ItcouldalsobeusedtoproduceotherusefulcatalystsonMars.Thiscouldincludeprocessesformakingsubstancestosupportthegrowthofplantsthatcouldbeusedtoproducefoodforastronauts.Differentchemicalscanbemadebythisrobot.Marsmightalsonotbetheonlyplacewhereitcouldfindotherused,suggestingthemoonasanotherpossibility.”12.WhatdoChinesescientistsuseAIrobotstodointheresearch?A.TocollectwaterdatafromMars.B.ToproduceoxygenfromwateronMars.C.ToexploretheicecoverageonMars.D.ToassisthumansinsettlingdownonMars.13.WhichaspectoftheresearchdoesParagraph2focuson?A.Itsprocess. B.Itsscale. C.Itsresult. D.Itseffect.14.WhydoestheauthormentionJiang’sdream?A.Toexplainthechemicalreaction. B.Toadvocatespacetravel.C.Toprovethesuccessofthestudy. D.ToshowthefuturelifeonMars.15.WhatdoesJiangstressinthelastparagraph?A.ThesubstancesforgrowingplantsonMars.B.Theexistenceofoxygenonthemoon.C.ThepossiblediscoveryofchemicalsonMars.D.ThepotentialapplicationofAIrobots.【答案】12.B13.A14.C15.D【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国科学家已经从多项研究中证实火星含有大量的水。大多数水以冰的形式存在。中国研究人员表示，他们已经制造了一种人造机器人，可以利用火星上发现的材料来生产催化剂，以分解水并释放氧气。这可能是未来太空旅行者制造火星上急需的氧气的另一种方式。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Chineseresearcherssaytheyhavebuiltanartificialintelligence(AI)robotthatcanusematerialsfoundonMarstoproducecatalysts(催化剂)tobreakdownwaterandreleaseoxygen.(中国研究人员表示，他们已经制造出一种人工智能机器人，该机器人可以使用火星上发现的材料制造催化剂来分解水并释放氧气。)”可知，中国科学家在研究中使用人工智能机器人从火星上的水中产生氧气。故选B。【13题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“ExperimentswerecarriedoutonmeteoritesthateithercamefromMarsorcontainedmaterialssimilartotheMartiansurface.The‘robotchemist’firstusedanacidandchemicalmixturetoseparateandexaminematerialscontainedinthemeteorites.(对来自火星或含有与火星表面相似物质的陨石进行了实验。“机器人化学家”首先使用酸和化学混合物来分离和检查陨石中所含的物质。)”可知，本段讲述的是研究的过程。故选A。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“‘Sowhenwefinallysawthatthecatalystsmadebytherobotcouldactuallyproduceoxygenbysplittingwatermolecules.Ifeltlikemydreamwasingtrue.IevenstartedtoimaginethatI,myself,willliveonMarsinthefuture.’(“所以当我们最终看到机器人制造的催化剂实际上可以通过分裂水分子产生氧气时。我觉得我的梦想就要实现了。我甚至开始想象我自己将来会住在火星上。”)”可知，作者提到蒋的梦想是为了证明这些研究是成功的。故选C。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Jiangsaid,‘ItcouldalsobeusedtoproduceotherusefulcatalystsonMars.Thiscouldincludeprocessesformakingsubstancestosupportthegrowthofplantsthatcouldbeusedtoproducefoodforastronauts.Differentchemicalscanbemadebythisrobot.Marsmightalsonotbetheonlyplacewhereitcouldfindotherused,suggestingthemoonasanotherpossibility.’(蒋说:“它也可以用来在火星上生产其他有用的催化剂。这可能包括制造支持植物生长的物质的过程，这些植物可以用来为宇航员生产食物。这个机器人可以制造不同的化学品。火星可能也不是唯一可以找到其他用途的地方，这表明月球是另一种可能性。”)”可知，蒋强调了机器人对于太空研究的作用。故选D。第二节根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)WhattoDoIfYourPersonalDataHasBeenExposedAsmoreofourlivesmoveonline,theriskofourpersonaldatabeingstolenormisusedisincreasing.Onlinecriminalscanusestolendatatotargetpeoplewithleadingmessagestogetimportantinformation.____16____.Herearesomewaystoprotectyourself.ChangeyourpasswordWhenyourinfoshowsupinabreach(泄露),itdoesn’tmeansomeone’sstolenyouridentityormoney.____17____.Ifyourdatahasbeenbreached,thefirstthingyoushoulddoischangeyourpassword.Useastrong,longpasswordincludingletters,numbersandsymbols.Andifyouhavebeenusingthesamepasswordfordifferentaccounts,makechangestoitforeachsite.____18____Itcanbehardtofollowallthedifferentdatabreaches.Whenpublicdatabreachesoccur,cybercriminalsgatherasmuchdataaspossiblesotheycansellitonthedarkweb.Luckily,thereareonlineservicesthatyoucanlookattoseeifyouraccounthasbeeninvolvedinadatabreach.Forexample,atoolcalledBreachWatchisofferedonlinetokeepwatchonthedarkwebtoseeifyourpersonalinformationshowsupthere.TellyourbankandcreditagenciesIfyourcreditcardpaymentnumbersarestolen,informyourbankorcreditcardpany.Askthemtowarnyouofanysuspiciousactivity.Somebanksandcreditcardscanlockyouraccountonline.Youcanalsoinformcreditagencies.____19____.Thatmakesithardtoseeyourcreditreportandopenanewaccount.Ortheywillasklenderstocontactyoubeforelendingmoney.TakeextracareBreachesinvolvingatelephonepanyleavebuyersatriskofhavingtheirphonenumbersstolen.Thievescanuseastolennumbertoenteraccountsthatusethephonenumberasasecurity.Toreducethatrisk,itisadvisabletocreateapasswordthatisneededtomakelargeaccountchanges.____20____.Thatwillhelpblockpossibledamagebysomeonewhogainsentrytoyouremailaccount.A.KeepmonitoringB.TheycanfreezeyourcreditC.Butitdoesmeanyou’reatriskD.FollowallthepossibledatabreachesE.Also,deleteemailscontainingpersonalinformationF.OrtheycantakeoutloansandcreditcardsintheirnameG.Ifyoufindithardtomemorizeallyourpasswords,considerapasswordmanager【答案】16.F17.C18.A19.B20.E【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了如果你的个人资料外泄，你该怎么办。16题详解】根据上文“Onlinecriminalscanusestolendatatotargetpeoplewithleadingmessagestogetimportantinformation.(网络犯罪分子可以利用窃取的数据，向人们发送诱导性信息，以获取重要信息。)”可知，空格处进一步说明网路犯罪分子利用窃取的信息所做的事情。选项F.Ortheycantakeoutloansandcreditcardsintheirname(或者他们可以以自己的名义申请贷款和信用卡)选项中they指的是Onlinecriminals，选项F能够承接上文。故选F。【17题详解】根据上文“Whenyourinfoshowsupinabreach(泄露),itdoesn’tmeansomeone’sstolenyouridentityormoney.(当你的信息被泄露时，并不意味着有人盗用了你的身份或金钱。)”以及下文“Ifyourdatahasbeenbreached,thefirstthingyoushoulddoischangeyourpassword.(如果你的数据被泄露了，你应该做的第一件事就是更改密码。)”可知，空格处进一步说明的是信息泄露存在着风险。选项C.Butitdoesmeanyou’reatrisk(但这确实意味着你有风险)与上文形成转折关系，引出下文信息泄露时需要做什么；能够承上启下。故选C。【18题详解】根据下文“Luckily,thereareonlineservicesthatyoucanlookattoseeifyouraccounthasbeeninvolvedinadatabreach.Forexample,atoolcalledBreachWatchisofferedonlinetokeepwatchonthedarkwebtoseeifyourpersonalinformationshowsupthere.(幸运的是，你可以通过在线服务查看你的账户是否涉及数据泄露。例如，一种名为BreachWatch的在线工具可以监视暗网，看看你的个人信息是否出现在那里。)”可知，本段主要讲述的是对数据的监管。选项A.Keepmonitoring(持续监控)能够作为本段的主题句。故选A。【19题详解】根据上文“Somebanksandcreditcardscanlockyouraccountonline.Youcanalsoinformcreditagencies.(一些银行和信用卡可以在线锁定你的账户。你也可以通知信用机构。)”以及下文“Thatmakesithardtoseeyourcreditreportandopenanewaccount.(这使得很难看到你的信用报告和开一个新账户。)”可知，空格处说明的是锁定账户或者信用机构可知做的保个人信息，能够使得不能开一个新的账户。选项B.Theycanfreezeyourcredit(他们可以冻结你的信用)中的They指的是“Somebanksandcreditcards以及agencies”呼应上文，引出下文“很难看到你的信用报告和开一个新账户”；选项B能够承上启下。故选B。【20题详解】根据上文“Toreducethatrisk,itisadvisabletocreateapasswordthatisneededtomakelargeaccountchanges.(为了降低这种风险，建议创建一个密码，用于对帐户进行大量更改。)”以及下文“Thatwillhelpblockpossibledamagebysomeonewhogainsentrytoyouremailaccount.(这将有助于阻止那些进入你的电子邮件帐户的人可能造成的损害。)”可知，空格处说明的是阻止进入电子邮件的方式。选项E.Also,deleteemailscontainingpersonalinformation(同时，删除包含个人信息的邮件)中的emails呼应下文的emailaccount，选项E能够承上启下。故选E。第三部分语言知识运用(共三节，满分45分)第一节阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)AllIeverwantedwastobelong,towearthathatofbelonging.InseventhandeighthgradesIstill___21___aboutfortypounds,whichistooskinny.Iwastwelveyearsoldandhadbeengettinglaughedatformy___22___looksformostofmylife.ButIwasfunny.Sothepopularkidsletme___23___withthem,gototheirpartiesandwatchthemhavefunwitheachother.This,asyoumightimagine,didnothelpmy___24___agreatdeal.IthoughtIwasatotal___25___.ButonedayItookanotebookandapenwhenIwenttoBolinasBeachwithmy___26___.Likeawriter,Iwrotea(n)___27___ofwhatIsaw:“Iwalkedtothelipofthewaterandletthetongueoftherushingwater___28___mytoes.Asandcrabdugaholeafewinchesfrommyfootandthendisappearedintothedampsand...Withasenseof___29___,Ibeganmywalkback,leavingthebeautyofthemomentbehind.”Itgoesonforquiteawhile.Myfather___30___metoshowittoateacher,anditendedupbeing___31___inarealtextbook.Thisdeeply___32___myteachersandparentsandafewkids,evensomeofthe___33___kids,whoinvitedmetotheirpartiesevenmoreoften.Thischangedmylife,showingmethattrue___34___esfromwithin,notjust___35___.21.A.lost B.gained C.weighed D.spent22.A.cold B.strange C.angry D.serious23.A.hangout B.workout C.speakup D.catchup24.A.selfpity B.selfconfidence C.selfeducation D.selfdefence25.A.partygoer B.observer C.beginner D.loser26.A.teacher B.father C.coach D.classmate27.A.poem B.guideline C.ment D.description28.A.kiss B.wash C.bite D.attack29.A.anxiety B.sadness C.peace D.direction30.A.appointed B.inspired C.enabled D.allowed31.A.included B.praised C.written D.texted32.A.impressed B.amused C.disappointed D.confused33.A.wellknown B.wellbehaved C.wellliked D.wellspoken34.A.appreciation B.determination C.congratulation D.belonging35.A.makingup B.sittingaround C.showingoff D.fittingin【答案】21.C22.B23.A24.B25.D