2025届人教版(2019)高考英语一轮话题复习高考题型通关练课件：话题23　对社会有突出贡献的人

话题23对社会有突出贡献的人主题群三历史、社会与文化Ⅰ.阅读理解TodayChinaistheworld’sbiggestconsumerofwheat.Butitwasn’talwaysthatway.WheatonlycametotheareanowknownasnorthernChinatowardtheendoftheNeolithic(新石器)period，some4，600yearsago.Initially，wheatdidn’tseemtobesodeliciousandhadbeentreatedasacropofdesperationratherthanacookingdelight.ThefirstfarmersofnorthernChinaprimarilygrewmillet(粟)，startingasearlyas11，500yearsago.BythetimeoftheTangDynasty，wheathadreplacedmillet，becomingamajorcrop.Butrelativelylittlewasknownaboutexactlywhythisshiftoccurred.Inanattempttotracktheanswer，Iaccumulatedacollectionofnearly1，200datapointscoveringmorethan50sitesfromthemid－Neolithic，about9，000yearsago，tothecollapseoftheEasternHanDynastyin220AD.Thesiteswereacross8modernprovinces，rangingfromGansuProvinceinthenorthwesttoShandongProvinceintheeast.Onepossibleexplanationisamajorclimateshift，calledtheHoloceneEvent3，whichhappened4，000to4，500yearsago.Atthattime，theclimatebecamecolderanddrieracrosscontinents，causingdamagetocropproduction.Ontopofthis，thelateNeolithicperiodwasalsoatimeofrapidpopulationgrowtharoundtheworld.Withanever－increasingpopulationandunsteadycropproduction，itisreasonabletoassumethatNeolithicfarmersinnorthernChinawerestruggling.Wheat，itturnsout，actuallyneedsmorewaterthanmillet，makingitseemapoorchoiceforadryperiodofhistory.Butimportantly，itcanbesowedaftermillethasbeenharvested.That，wethink，isthemostlikelyreasonwhythepeopleacrossnorthernChinastartedtogrowwheat.Frommoreextremeweathertochangingcoastlines，climatechangehasalwaysbroughtunexpectedandsometimesdramaticchangestosocieties.Inthisinstance，theconsequenceoftheHoloceneEvent3innorthernChinaproved，eventually，delicious.【语篇解读】

本文是说明文。文章主要说明了小麦开始作为农作物的历史以及小麦成为主要农作物这种转变的原因。1.Whatcanwelearnaboutwheatfromthesecondparagraph?A.Itreplacedmilletforitsgreattaste.B.Itwasapoorchoiceatthebeginning.C.Itoutnumberedmillet4，600yearsago.D.ItwastheearliestcropgrowninChina.解析

细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Initially，wheatdidn’tseemtobesodeliciousandhadbeentreatedasacropofdesperationratherthanacookingdelight.”可知，小麦一开始是一个糟糕的选择。√2.WhatdothefiguresinParagraph3show?A.Theauthorfoundtheexactanswer.B.Theauthordidworldwideresearch.C.Theauthortooktheresearchseriously.D.Theauthorwasgoodatcollectingdata.解析

推理判断题。根据第三段可知，第三段中的数字说明了作者认真对待这项研究。√3.WhatwasprobablythemainreasonfornorthernersinChinatogrowwheat?A.Thewatersupplywasenoughthen.B.Theharvestofmilletwasnotsatisfying.C.Itadjustedtotheweatherconditionsbetter.D.Ithadanalternativesowingseasonwithmillet.解析

细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Butimportantly，itcanbesowedafter...acrossnorthernChinastartedtogrowwheat.”可知，中国北方人种植小麦的主要原因是它有一个可选择的播种季节。√4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.HowwasmilletintroducedtoChina?B.WhydidChinesefarmersswitchtowheat?C.WhydidChinabecomethebiggestwheatconsumer?D.HowwasChina’swheatgrowthaffectedbyclimatechange?解析

标题归纳题。根据第一段“TodayChinaistheworld’sbiggestconsumerofwheat.Butitwasn’talwaysthatway.”以及第二段中的“Butrelativelylittlewasknownaboutexactlywhythisshiftoccurred.”可知，文章介绍了小麦开始作为农作物的历史以及小麦成为主要农作物这种转变的原因。故B选项“为什么中国农民转向种植小麦？”最符合文章标题。√HereinthemiddleofLondon，somethingextraordinaryisgoingon.Youcanhearaloudandunmistakablesoundofbeesdoingwhattheydobest：makinghoney.What’smore，they’reperformingtheirmagic，notintheleafyacresofnearbypark，butuponthebalconyofStErmin’sHotel.Whereasmosturbanresidenceswoulddotheirbesttokeepsting－bearinginsectsasfarawayfromguestsaspossible，thishotelopensitsdoorstothecapital’sbees.Thepersonwhotendsthis“BeeHotel”isCamillaGoddard.“Inthelongrun，beesareamazingcreaturestoworkwith.Youcan’thelpadmiringthewaytheyoperate.Theyreallydoputthegoodofthecommunityfirst，”shesays.Aswellasprovidinganenjoyablepastime，modernbeekeepingisbecomingincreasinglycritical.AccordingtotheBritishBeekeepersAssociation(BBKA)，70differentUKcropsdependonbeesforpollination(授粉).Withoutbeestoprovidepollination，one－thirdofallourfoodwouldn’tsurvive.DuringtheSecondWorldWar，WinstonChurchillwasafirmsupporterofbeesandmadesuretheygotextrasuppliestocarryonwiththeirpollinationwork，evenastheGermanarmydroppedtheirbombs.“Beesareindangerofdisappearingfromourenvironment，”warnsTimLovettoftheBBKA.Today，beenumbersaredownby50percent.Usingmoreandmoreland，agriculturalindustryreducesspotswherebeescanlive.Crop－protectingpesticideshavealsoledtohighdeathrateofbees.AnotherblowwasanAsianspeciesthatfirstarrivedinDevonandthenspreadacrossthecountry.Itsettledonthebeesandnotonlyweakenedtheirimmunesystembutcausedtheirwingstodeform(变畸形)sothatflyingbecameimpossible.Anxiousaboutthedeclineofbeekeeping，theBBKAhasproducedaschoolinformationpackentitled“BeesintheCurriculum”.Oncethechildrenhavebeenaroundbeesforawhile，theyunderstandtheservicethatbeesprovideforus，ratherthanseeingthemasthesourceofstings.【语篇解读】

本文是说明文。文章通过伦敦一家养蜜蜂的酒店，指出蜜蜂授粉的重要性，以及现在栖息地的破坏和蜜蜂数量减少的问题，旨在呼吁保护蜜蜂。5.WhatdoweknowaboutCamillaGoddard?A.Shehasnevergotbeestingsherself.B.Shetriestomakeherguestsbee－free.C.Sheadmiresthewayinwhichbeeslive.D.SheownsabeehotelinaLondonsuburb.解析

细节理解题。根据第二段中“Inthelongrun，beesareamazingcreatures...putthegoodofthecommunityfirst”可知，CamillaGoddard很钦佩蜜蜂生活的方式。√6.WhyisWinstonChurchillmentionedinparagraph3?A.Tocriticizethecrueltyofwar.B.Tochangetheroleofbeesinthewar.C.Tohighlightthevalueofbeepollination.D.Toawakentheconsciousnessofsavingcrops.解析

写作意图题。根据第三段最后一句“DuringtheSecondWorldWar...evenastheGermanarmydroppedtheirbombs.”可以看出，丘吉尔很看重蜜蜂授粉，是因为蜜蜂授粉价值重大，因此这强调了蜜蜂授粉的价值。√7.Whichisadirectcauseofthereductionofbeehabitats?A.Modernagriculture. B.Foreignspeciesinvasion.C.Huntingfromhumans. D.Crop－protectingpesticides.解析

细节理解题。根据第四段第二、三句可知，蜜蜂栖息地减少的直接原因是现代农业的发展。√8.What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A.ThenumberofbeesisdecreasingsharplyB.ModernbeekeepingisensuringourfutureC.BeeHotelischangingbees’fateintheUKD.Childrenareeducatedaboutthevalueofbees解析

标题归纳题。第一段描述的场景是BeeHotel里蜜蜂的活动，本文通过这个场景，介绍了蜂蜜的重要性，以及该酒店的行为改变了人们对蜜蜂的看法，不再仅仅是蜇人的源头，因此，BeeHotelischangingbees’fateintheUK符合题意。√ItwasjustthreedaysfromThanksgiving，andmyhusband，Gerald，andIwereonourfirsttouracrosstheCanadianprairies.1，IknewwewouldbeawayforThanksgiving，buttherealityofitdidn’treally2onmebeforewehittheroad.Now，wehadtospendThanksgivingwithstrangers.We3infrontofasmall，lakesidehouse，mildly4.Woulditbeokaytodisturbothersonthisprivatecelebration？Aswe5intoBettyandGary’shome，wewereimmediatelymetwith6.Thewoodstovetookeverybitofchilloutoftheair，andthesmelloffood7uslikeasoftblanket.Wegatheredaroundthetable.Ouranxiety8awayasweweredrawnintothiscircleoffriendship.Wetoldstories，sharedlaughs，andasthedaycalledusto，gave9.Ⅱ.完形填空WethoughtweweregoingtospendThanksgivingwithstrangers，butwereallydidn’t.Something10happenswhengoodfoodis11sharedaroundanopentable.Conversationsbegin.12startstoflow.Divisionsdisappear.Relationshipsare13.Throughthesimpleactofsharingamealtogether，wediscoverwe’re14byourdesiretolove，ourneedfor15，andourcommonhumanity.WhataperfectwaytocelebrateThanksgiving!【语篇解读】

本文是夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了在感恩节前三天，作者和丈夫穿越加拿大草原，受到了陌生人的热情款待。作者从中感悟到：通过一起吃饭这个简单的行为，我们对爱的渴望，我们对理解的需要，以及我们共同的人性将我们联系在一起。1.A.Basically B.Generally C.Honestly D.Secretly

解析

A.Basically基本上；B.Generally通常；C.Honestly老实说；D.Secretly秘密地。由下文“IknewwewouldbeawayforThanksgiving，buttherealityofitdidn’treally

onmebeforewehittheroad.”可知，作者承认自己知道不在家过感恩节，但是在出发前没有意识到这个问题会是什么样，即此处指老实说。2.A.dawn B.call C.reflect D.strike

解析

A.dawn变得明朗，开始清楚；B.call打电话；C.reflect深思；D.strike打击。由下文“onmebeforewehittheroad”可知，此处指作者没有意识到这个事实——即将要和陌生人过感恩节，dawnonsb固定搭配，意为“某人逐渐明白；逐渐意识到”。√√3.A.droppedby B.headedoff C.pulledup D.setout

解析

A.droppedby顺便拜访；B.headedoff阻止；C.pulledup停车；D.setout出发。由上文“myhusband，Gerald，andIwereonourfirsttouracrosstheCanadianprairies”和下文“intoBettyandGary’shome”可推知，作者和丈夫应该是开车去的。由此可知，此处指将车停在一座湖边的小房子前，然后走进一家陌生的房子。4.A.anxious B.annoyed C.grateful D.scared

解析

A.anxious焦虑的；B.annoyed生气的；C.grateful感恩的；D.scared害怕的。由下文“Woulditbeokaytodisturbothersonthisprivatecelebration？”和下文“Ouranxiety”可知，作者和丈夫感觉会打扰到别人，所以有些焦虑。√√5.A.broke B.ran C.stepped D.wandered

解析

A.broke打破；B.ran跑步；C.stepped迈步；D.wandered漫游。由下文“intoBettyandGary’shome，wewereimmediatelymet”可知，作者和丈夫迈步进入贝蒂和加里的家。6.A.friends B.care C.food D.warmth

解析

A.friends朋友；B.care关心；C.food食物；D.warmth热情。由下文“Wegatheredaroundthetable”和“Wetoldstories，sharedlaughs，andasthedaycalledusto”可知，作者和丈夫受到了热情款待。√√7.A.comforted B.enveloped C.flooded D.welcomed

解析

A.comforted安慰；B.enveloped覆盖;C.flooded淹没；D.welcomed欢迎。由下文“likeasoftblanket”可知，此处指像毯子一样覆盖在身上。8.A.melted B.passed C.ran D.threw

解析

A.melted消失；B.passed通过；C.ran跑步；D.threw扔。由下文“asweweredrawnintothiscircleoffriendship”可知，作者和丈夫融进这个友谊的圈子，所以感觉焦虑都消失了，meltaway是固定搭配，意为“消失”。√√9.A.gifts B.hugs C.money D.thanks

解析

A.gifts礼物；B.hugs拥抱；C.money钱；D.thanks感谢。根据上文可知，作者和丈夫受到贝蒂和加里夫妇的热情款待，所以对他们表示感谢。10.A.mixed B.special C.relaxing D.typical

解析

A.mixed混合的；B.special特别的；C.relaxing令人放松的；D.typical典型的。由下文“Divisionsdisappear.Relationshipsare

.”并结合上文提到的作者和陌生一家在一起过感恩节，刚开始感到焦虑，随后和陌生一家关系很好可知，作者认为这是很特别的事。√√11.A.generously B.patiently C.casually D.cautiously

解析

A.generously慷慨地；B.patiently耐心地；C.casually随意地；D.cautiously谨慎地。由下文“sharedaroundanopentable”和上文提到贝蒂和加里夫妇热情款待作者和丈夫可知，此处指好吃的食物在餐桌上慷慨地被分享。12.A.Belief B.Laughter C.Music D.Noise

解析

A.Belief信念；B.Laughter笑声；C.Music音乐；D.Noise噪声。由上文“sharedlaughs”可知，此处指笑声开始流淌。√√13.A.born B.exposed C.fixed D.split

解析

A.born产生；B.exposed暴露；C.fixed固定；D.split分裂。由上文“Divisionsdisappear.”可知，分歧消失，所以感情产生。14.A.attached B.encouraged C.connected D.touched

解析

A.attached系；B.encouraged鼓励；C.connected连接；D.touched触摸。由下文“byourdesiretolove”和上文提到作者和丈夫在陌生人家中愉快地度过感恩节可知，此处指我们对爱的渴望将我们联系在一起。√√15.A.courage B.sympathy C.freedom D.understanding

解析

A.courage勇气；B.sympathy同情；C.freedom自由；D.understanding理解。由上文“Divisionsdisappear.”和上文提到的作者和丈夫受到陌生人的热情款待可知，对爱的渴望，对理解的需要，以及共同的人性将作者和丈夫与贝蒂和加里夫妇联系在一起。√(2024·河北省沧州市高三一模)Withitslandscapeofplateaus(高原)boundbymountains，ShanxiProvinceinNorthChinaisregardedasbeingassociatedwithfieldsofwheatandiconicwheatproducts.Daoxiaonoodlesisoneofthemostpopular1.

(dish)there.Thisdish2.

(date)backtoChina’sYuanDynasty(1271—1368)，sothistypeofwell－receivednoodleshasalonghistory.Ⅲ.语法填空3.

(make)Daoxiaonoodles，holdthedough(面团)withonehand，andontheotherhand，usingasharpknifethat’s4.

(specific)made，slicethenoodlesintoapotofboilingwater.According5.

thelocals，someofthemostskilledchefscansliceupto200piecesofnoodlesaminute.Atrestaurants，customersoftenwatchinamazementas6.

(talent)chefsperformadancewhilemakinglamian，whichmeanspullednoodles.The