2025届人教版(2019)高考英语一轮话题复习高考题型通关练课件：话题25　科技发展与信息技术创新信息安全

话题25科技发展与信息技术创新，

信息安全主题群四科学与技术Ⅰ.阅读理解TheBigThinkersSeriesfromNew

Scientisteventsfeaturesfouronlinetalks，coveringawiderangeoftopicsbyworld－classscientistspeakersandexperts.Ifyouarecuriousaboutyourplanetoryouruniverse，thenthisseriesisyourplacetohearthelatestresearch.Save￡20offthestandardticketpricebypurchasingaseriestickettoallfourtalksintheBigThinkersSeries(availableondemand)orpurchasesingleticketsforjust￡13perlecture(availablebyearlybooking).Reality＋：FromtheMatrixtotheMetaversewithDavidChalmersInthistalk，philosopherDavidChalmersarguesthatMetaverse－stylevirtualworldsexperiencedthroughheadsetsarealsogenuineandmeaningfulrealitiesandwecanliveameaningfullifeinVR.WhatWedon’tKnowAboutGravitywithClaudiadeRhamWeareallfamiliarwiththeconceptofgravity.Inthistalk，ProfessorClaudiadeRhamwillexplorehowmuchweactuallyknowaboutgravityandhowmuchmorethereislefttouncover.ABriefHistoryofTimekeepingwithChadOrzelFromStonehengetoatomicclocks，hereisthe5，000－yearhistoryofhowscienceisusedtomarktime.ChadOrzel，theinternationallybestsellingauthorofHow

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Dog，offersusawittyjourneythroughscientifictheoryandquirky(离奇的)historicaldetail.PhysicsattheEndoftheUniversewithKatieMackTheBigBangtheorytellsthestoryofthebeginningoftheuniverseforthelast13.8billionyears.Buthowdoesthestoryend?JoinastronomerKatieMackassheshareswhatmodernastrophysics(天体物理学)tellsusaboutthefinalfateoftheuniverse.【语篇解读】

本文是应用文。文章是一则广告，介绍《新科学家》举办的大思想家系列活动的四场在线讲座。1.Howmuchdoesaseriesticketcost?A.￡13. B.￡20.C.￡30. D.￡32.解析

数字计算题。根据第二段“Save￡20offthestandardticketpricebypurchasingaseriestickettoallfourtalks...orpurchasesingleticketsforjust￡13perlecture”可知，单场的票价是13英镑，购买一个系列可以节约20英镑，因此买一个系列的票价为：4×13－20＝32(英镑)。√2.WhatwillChadOrzellecturein?A.Thegenuinereality.B.Thesecretsofgravity.C.Thehistoryoftimemarking.D.Thefinalfateoftheuniverse.解析

细节理解题。根据ABriefHistoryofTimekeepingwithChadOrzel部分的“FromStonehengetoatomicclocks，hereisthe5，000－yearhistoryofhowscienceisusedtomarktime...throughscientifictheoryandquirkyhistoricaldetail.”可知，ChadOrzel的讲座是关于时间标记的历史。√3.Whatdothefourtalkshaveincommon?A.Theyareallaimedatsciencelovers.B.Theyareallconcernedwithgravity.C.Theywillallbegivenbybestsellingauthors.D.Theywillallbegivenbyexcellentphysicians.解析

细节理解题。根据第一段的“Ifyouarecuriousaboutyourplanetoryouruniverse，thenthisseriesisyourplacetohearthelatestresearch.”可知，这四个讲座的共同之处是它们都是针对科学爱好者的。√(2024·湖北沙市中学模拟预测)Mostofusspendourlivessurroundedbyscreens，whichofferusconvenienceaswellasconnectionandanoceanofinformation.Butsinceit’seasytofeelpressuredtokeepupwitheverynotification，technologymayfeelmorelikeaburdenthanablessing.Thus，theideaof“digitaldetox”isbecomingincreasinglyinviting.Thephrase“digitaldetox”describesgettingridofTV，phones，computersandotherformsoftechnologythatcontrolourlivesforaperiodoftime.Someexpertsadvocatecompletelyavoidingunnecessaryscreentimefor30years.Otherssuggestusinganappthatwilllimittheamountoftimeonecanspendoncertainwebsites.Athirdoptionisloggingoutineveningsoronweekends.Otherssimplyturntheirphonesoffatscheduledtimes.Someevenpayhighpricestotakevacationsinplaceswheretheycanunplugfromtheirdigitalroutine.Whymightyouwanttotakeadigitaldetox?Perhapsyoufindthatyouarespendinglongerthanyouintendoncertainappsorthattheydistractyoufrommoreimportantthings.Perhapssocialmediaisdepressingbecauseyoucompareyourselftoothersoryoufearmissingoutonthingsthatotherpeopleareenjoying.Constantnegativenewscanalsogiverisetoalotofstress.Technologycanalsohavephysicaleffects.Manypeopleexperiencebackorneckpainasaresultofbendingoverscreens.Thebluelightcomingfrommostscreenscanalsoaffectpeople’ssleepbypreventingproductionofmelatonin(褪黑激素).Givingupallscreensmaynotberealistic，butstrategicbreaksfromtechnologymaybegoodforyourbody，mind，emotionsandrelationships.Itishightimethatyoupickedatimetoturnoffyourdevicesandfocusonreallyimportantthings.【语篇解读】

本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了“数字脱瘾”，以及数字产品给我们带来的影响。4.Whydoestheauthorsay“technologymayfeelmorelikeaburdenthanablessing”inparagraph1?A.Toconfirmaconcept. B.Topresentaproblem.C.Toexplainarule. D.Tomakeaprediction.解析

写作意图题。根据第一段中“Mostofusspendourlivessurroundedbyscreens...tokeepupwitheverynotification”可知，科技带来了便利，但人们也会容易感到有压力，所以作者说“技术可能更像是一种负担，而不是一种祝福”是为了呈现问题，引出话题“数字脱瘾”。√5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“unplug”inparagraph2mean?A.Recover. B.Benefit.C.Escape. D.Suffer.解析

词义猜测题。根据第二段中“Thephrase‘digitaldetox’describesgettingridofTV...controlourlivesforaperiodoftime.”可知，“数字脱瘾”是指摆脱电视、电话等数字生活，所以此处unplugfromtheirdigitalroutine是指摆脱数字生活，unplug是“摆脱，脱离”的意思。√6.Whichcouldbethereasonforonetostart“digitaldetox”？A.Appsselectiondifficulty.B.Fearofmissingimportantthings.C.Exposuretofalsenews.D.Pressurefromsocialcomparison.解析

细节理解题。根据第三段中“Perhapssocialmediaisdepressing...thatotherpeopleareenjoying.”可知，一个人可能开始“数字脱瘾”的原因是把自己和别人比较，也就是来自社会比较的压力。√7.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.Torecommendhealthylifestyles.B.Tocallforreducingtheuseofdigitaldevices.C.Togiveinstructionsonstartingdigitaldetox.D.Topresentdifferentattitudestodigitalproducts.解析

写作意图题。根据最后一段中“Givingupallscreensmaynotberealistic...toturnoffyourdevicesandfocusonreallyimportantthings.”可知，作者认为是关掉你的设备专注于重要的事情的时候了，可以推测出文章的目的是呼吁减少使用数码设备。√Itwasjustatypicalmorningofanordinaryworkday.Iwasatthe1，onmywaytothelabwhereIwasapostdoctoralfellow.Butsomethingbeganto2insidemeasIwatchedthepeoplearoundme—headphoneshangingfromtheirears，3castdown，unsmilingfaces.Theylookedunhappy.AndIrealizedthatIwasoneofthem.Suddenly，Icouldnolonger4withmyworklifeandbookedaone－waytickettoflyhome.Overtheyears，Ihadgrownmore5duetothepressureoffinishingmyPh.D.ThosewhocouldhavebeenpartnersbecamecompetitorsIdislikedandtheeffectofthiscompetitionwasexactlythe6ofwhatIhadhopedfor.Ibegantofeellonelyand7.Ibecamelessandlessproductiveinmyscientificwork.I8mybreakingpointthatdayatthebusstop.Ihadtoendthis.Iemailedmyprofessors，explainingthatIhadputthe9firstandmyselfsecondfortoolong.Ⅱ.完形填空ShortlyafterIgotbackhome，Istartedtoreceivesomeemailsfrommyworkmates—Iguessedtheyexpectedmetojointhemagainsoon.Afterafew10askinghowIwas，intheemailsmanyexpressedtheirstressofacademiclife.Vulnerableresearcherswere11theirheadsoutoftheirshells(壳)，seekinghelp.Itoccurredtomethatweall12sometimes，andourvulnerability(脆弱)seemedsomuchalikethatI13myselffromallthathadbotheredmefordays.Actuallyitcanbea14game，insteadofonewhereonesidegainswhiletheothersideloses.Workingwithothersandaskingforhelpdoesn’tmakemycontributions15：itmeanswecanallsucceed.【语篇解读】

本文是夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者在等公交车去实验室的时候，发现周围的人行色匆匆，并不快乐，意识到自己太长时间把自己的职业放在了第一位，而忽视了自身的快乐。作者认为：与他人合作并寻求帮助并不会让自己的贡献变得不重要；这意味着我们都可以成功。1.A.cafeshop B.bookstore C.supermarket D.busstop

解析

A.cafeshop咖啡店；B.bookstore书店；C.supermarket超市；D.busstop公交车站。根据下文“onmywaytothelab”可知，作者要去实验室，在公交站等公交车。2.A.awaken B.tackle C.settle D.disappear

解析

A.awaken觉醒；B.tackle处理；解决；C.settle安排；D.disappear消失。根据下文“IrealizedthatIwasoneofthem”可知，当作者看到别人戴着耳机眼睛低垂不苟言笑的时候，觉醒到自己也是其中之一。√√3.A.nose B.eyes C.neck D.arms

解析

A.nose鼻子；B.eyes眼睛；C.neck脖子；D.arms胳膊。根据下文“Theylookedunhappy”可知，作者在说面部表情，所以应该是眼睛低垂。4.A.go B.continue C.combine D.exchange

解析

A.go去；B.continue继续；C.combine联合；D.exchange交换。根据下文“bookedaone－waytickettoflyhome.”可知，作者产生了厌倦之心，不愿意再继续工作生活。√√5.A.mature B.academic C.competitive D.positive

解析

A.mature成熟的；B.academic学术的；C.competitive有竞争力的；D.positive积极的。根据下文“duetothepressureoffinishingmyPh.D”可知，作者有完成博士学位的压力，所以变得更加爱竞争。6.A.output B.alternative C.case D.opposite

解析

A.output产量；B.alternative可供选择的事物；C.case情况；例子；D.opposite相反的东西。根据上文“ThosewhocouldhavebeenpartnersbecamecompetitorsIdisliked”可知，竞争的结果不是作者希望的，是与作者的希望相反的。√√7.A.inspired B.lost C.pure D.guilty

解析

A.inspired受启发的；B.lost迷失的；C.pure纯洁的；D.guilty内疚的。根据上文“ThosewhocouldhavebeenpartnersbecamecompetitorsIdisliked”以及“Ibegantofeellonely”可知，作者因失去了不想失去的东西而感到孤独，分析四个选项，B项“lost(迷失的)”含义与句子表达的含义一致。8.A.spotted B.marked C.hit D.set

解析

A.spotted看见；B.marked标记；C.hit击打；碰触；D.set放置。根据下文“mybreakingpoint”可知，在公交车站，作者的坏情绪达到了极限，分析四个选项，hitthebreakingpoint为固定短语，含义为：达到了崩溃的极限。√√9.A.evaluation B.adaptation C.comprehension D.occupation

解析

A.evaluation评估；B.adaptation适应；C.comprehension理解；D.occupation职业。根据上文“Ihadtoendthis”以及下文“myselfsecondfortoolong”可知，作者向教授解释自己把职业放在第一位的时间太长了。10.A.jokes B.lines C.calls D.accounts

解析

A.jokes笑话；B.lines行；C.calls电话；D.accounts账户。根据上文“ShortlyafterIgotbackhome，Istartedtoreceivesomeemailsfrommyworkmates”可知，作者在看别人写给他的信。√√11.A.sticking B.standing C.bringing D.figuring

解析

A.sticking伸出；B.standing站；C.bringing带来；D.figuring弄明白。根据下文“theirheadsoutoftheirshells”可知，此处作者使用比喻的手法，把脆弱的研究人员比喻成乌龟，从壳子里面伸出头寻求帮助。12.A.choke B.urge C.suffer D.hesitate

解析

A.choke噎住；B.urge敦促；C.suffer遭受痛苦；D.hesitate犹豫；根据下文“ourvulnerabilityseemedsomuch”可知，作者感受到了每个人都有遭受痛苦的时候。√√13.A.discouraged B.banned C.freed D.prevented

解析

A.discouraged使……灰心；B.banned禁止；C.freed解脱；D.prevented预防。根据下文“fromallthathadbotheredme”可知，作者把自己从几天来困扰自己的一切中解脱出来。14.A.brand-new B.non-controversial C.so-called D.win-win

解析

A.brand-new崭新的；B.non-controversial不会引起争议的；C.so-called所谓的；D.win-win双赢的。根据下文“insteadofonewhereonesidegainswhiletheothersideloses”可推理出，这是一场双赢的游戏。√√15.A.unimportant B.improper C.irregular D.illogical

解析

A.unimportant不重要的；B.improper不合适的；C.irregular不规则的；D.illogical不合逻辑的。根据下文“itmeanswecanallsucceed”可知，作者认为与他人合作并寻求帮助意味着我们都可以成功，并不会让我的贡献变得不重要。√(2024·山东省潍坊市高三二模)DoctorsintheJohnsHopkinsUniversitySchoolofMedicinehavefollowedthemeal－timehabitsofmorethan500peopleforsixyears，1.

(find)weightchangeismostaffectedbythesizeand2.

(frequent)ofmealsratherthantheinterval(间隔)fromfirsttolastmeal.Itchallengesthepopulartrendofintermittentfasting(禁食)3.

ausefulweightlossstrategy.Intermittentfasting，alsoreferredtoastime－restrictedfeeding，isadietarystrategywhereallmeals4.

(consume)duringashortwindowoftimeeachday.Thesewindowscanextendfrom6to10hours，resultinginapersonessentiallyfastingforupto18hourseachday.Ⅲ.语法填空Theideareveals5.

isnolinkbetweenthetimeofaperson’seatingwindoweachdayandweightchanges.“Basedonotherstudiesthathavecomeout，including6.

(we)，wearestartingtothinktimingofmealsmostlikelydoesn’tproduce7.

instantimpactonweightloss，”saiddoctorBennett.“Whatdoesmatter，however，isthetotalnumberofmediumandlargemealsapersoneatsovertheday.”Itsuggestssimplyeatingsmallermeals，lessfrequently，is8.

ultimatelyleadstoweightloss.Allofthisdoesn’tmeanintermittentfastingstrategieswon’thelp.Butwhatdoesseemincreasinglyclearisthattheweightlossbenefitsoccasionally9.

(see)withtheseeatingstrategiesmaybeprimarilydrivenbyareducedcaloricintake.Itdoesn’tmeanyou