2025届人教版(2019)高考英语一轮话题复习高考题型通关练：话题27　科技发展与信息技术创新(教师版)

话题27科技发展与信息技术创新Ⅰ.阅读理解Inthepast，videoconferencetechnologywasmainlyusedforjustafewelementsofbusinessmeetingsorhangoutswithfriendsandfamily.Now，videoconferencetoolsareessentialforourproductivity，learningandsocialinteraction.Weusethemnotonlyforfun，butmainlyasameaningfulpartofourwork.However，oncewestarttojoinendlessvideocallsforafewhourseachday，webecomeverytired.Thistermiscalled“zoomfatigue”，andit’srelatedtooverusingvirtualcommunicationplatforms.Therearesomeadvantagesofusingvideoconferencingtools.Withoutthem，itmightbeimpossibleforustoworkfromhome.Butwhatwehaven’texpectedisapricethatweneedtopayforthatsortofconvenience.Whenwearehavingaface－to－faceconversationwithothers，everythingseemsprettynatural.Whilespeaking，youlookintotheeyes，sometimesslightlymovingyourstareontosomethingelse.Youknowwhentostoptalkingandwhentospeakup.Evenifyou’reinaconferenceroomwith10people，youdon’thaveaterriblefeelingofbeingobservedallthetime.Younoticethatpeoplemostlylookatthepersonwhoisspeaking，andthentheymovetheirattentionontosomeoneelse.Butwhenyouuseateleconferencingtool，thingsaredifferent.Beingphysicallyoncameramakesyouveryawareofbeingwatchedallthetime，becauseyoudon’tknowwhoislookingatyou.Youjustseemanyfacesonyourscreen.MarissaShufflerfromClemsonUniversityoncesaid，“Whenyou’reonavideoconference，youknoweverybody’slookingatyou；youareonstage，sotherecomesthesocialpressure—afeelinglikeyouneedtoperform.Beingperformativeisstressful.”Moreover，thereisanotherinterestingtendencyasfarasvideocallsareconcerned.Whoareyoulookingatmostofthetime？Theanswerisyourself.Formostpeople，it’shardnottolookattheirownfaceiftheycanseeitonthescreen.Wearelikelytomakesurethatourheadisattherightangleandthatourshirtisn’tcreased.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述了视频会议技术给我们带来了便利，但与此同时也带给我们一些意料之外的负面影响。1.Whatistheso－called“zoomfatigue”？A.Thefastpaceofourmodernlife.B.Boredomcausedbytoomanyvideocalls.C.Thewidespreadofvideotechnology.D.Burnoutassociatedwithoverusingonlineplatforms.答案D[细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Thistermiscalled‘zoomfatigue’，andit’srelatedtooverusingvirtualcommunicationplatforms.”可知，“zoomfatigue”是指过度使用在线平台而引起的疲劳。]2.Whatcanvideocallsbringuswhencomparedwithface－to－faceconversations?A.Highercost. B.Morestress.C.Morefreetime. D.Betterperformance.答案B[推理判断题。结合第四段对面对面交谈的阐述及其与视频通话的对比和第五段中的“youareonstage...Beingperformativeisstressful.”可推知，视频通话会给人带来更大的压力。]3.Whydowelookatourselvesmostofthetimeonthescreen?A.Tobewell－behaved. B.Togetsomecomfort.C.Togrowself－confidence. D.Toattractothers’attention.答案A[推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，人们在屏幕上关注自己是想确认自己表现良好，呈现出最佳的状态。]4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Thepopularityofvideocalls.B.People’sattitudetowardsvideocalls.C.Someunforeseeneffectsofvideocalls.D.Changesinpeople’swayofcommunication.答案C[文章大意题。根据第三段最后一句并结合后文内容可知，本文主要讲述视频通话技术在给人们带来便捷的同时，也带来了一些始料不及的负面影响。]Youimproveyourrobot’ssoftwarebyimprovingitssoftware.AgrimGuptaofStanfordUniversity，however，begstodiffer.Hethinksyoucanalsoimprovearobot’ssoftwarebyimprovingitshardware.Heandhiscolleagueshaveinventedawayoftestingthisidea.Theybroughttotheirrobots，unimals，theprinciplesofevolution(进化)bynaturalselection.Unimals，withglobesforheadsandsticksforarmsandlegs，aresoftwarebeingsinteractingwithavirtualenvironment.Theenvironmentswheretheywanderedwereinthreevarieties：flatgrounds，groundswithhillsandsteps，andonesthathadthecomplexitiesofthesecondsort，butwithaddedobjects.Tobeginwith，theunimalswererandomlyassignedvariousshapes，butwithidenticalsoftware—derl.Newlycreatedunimalslearnedtofacethechallengesinavirtualbootcamp.Theywerethenenteredintotournamentsingroups.Eachgroupwinnerwasawardedonemutation(变异)—oneextraarmorleg，oroneextraturninginajoint.Thenewreplacedtheoldestunimalandthenwasassignedtoanewgroup，andtheprocessrepeated.About4，000varietiesofthemunderwenttraining.Theteamweresurprisedbythediversityofshapesthatevolved.Crucially，though，theresearchersfoundthemostsuccessfulunimalslearnedtasksinhalfthetimetheiroldestancestorshadtaken，andthatthoseevolvinginthetoughestgroundswerethemostsuccessful.Inthisevolutionofunimals’morphology(形态)topromotetheabilitytolearn，DrGuptaseesaversionofsomethingcalledtheBaldwineffect.In1896JamesBaldwin，apsychologist，arguedthatmindsevolvetomakethebestuseofthemorphologiesofthebodies.WhatDrGuptahasshown，thoughinsoftware，isthattheoppositecanalsobetrue—changesinbodymorphologycanimprovethewaymindswork.Eventhoughheheldthesoftwareconstant，itbecamemoreefficientatlearningastheunimals’bodiesevolved.Whetherthatdiscoverycanbeturnedtoaccountinthewayrobotsaredevelopedremainstobeseen.Butthewayoftestingiscertainlyanout－of－the－boxidea.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章主要讲了人们通过改进机器人的软件来改进它的软设备。然而，斯坦福大学的阿格里姆·古普塔却不这么认为。他认为还可以通过改进硬件来改进机器人的软件。5.Howwasthetestconducted?A.Bypromotingunimals’learning. B.Byadjustingtheenvironments.C.Byprovingtheevolutiontheory. D.Bystimulatingunimals’mutation.答案B[推理判断题。根据第二段可知，通过调整环境，来进行试验。]6.Whatturnedouttobesurprisinginthetest?A.Thenumberoftrainedunimals.B.Thedeclineintimeforlearningtasks.C.Thevarietyofevolvedshapes.D.Thereplacementofoldunimals.答案C[细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“Theteamweresurprisedbythediversityofshapesthatevolved.”可知，测试中令人惊讶的是进化出的各种形状。]7.Whatcanbeconcludedfromthetest?A.Mindevolutionaffectsbodyshaping.B.Bodychangesbettermindwork.C.Hardwarechangesdonotimpactsoftware.D.Thediscoveryisusefulinrobotdevelopment.答案B[推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“WhatDrGuptahasshown...canimprovethewaymindswork.”可推知，身体的变化使大脑工作得更好。]8.What’stheauthor’sattitudetothefinding?A.Negative. B.Objective.C.Indifferent. D.Approving.答案B[观点态度题。根据最后一段可推知，作者对这一发现持客观的态度。]Ⅱ.完形填空Hello，Mr.Wi－Fi.Lifewithoutyouisnexttoimpossible.We’rehappytosingyournamefrommorningtillevening，sometimestilldawn.1Iknowyouhelpme，sometimesyou’remakingmedothingswith2attention.ManytimesIpromisemyselfthatI’ll3myfeelingstowardsyou，butyou’re4mecloserandcloser...You’veenteredbothmyhomeandmyworkplace.You’rejustawindowforour5andinformation.Butwepeoplearen’t6onlywiththewindow.Soweopenallourdoorsforyou.Isthisa(n)7orsomekindofattachment？Ifthisisanillness，isitcurable？Andifthisisanattachment，willyou8methelifelongtogetherness?Wewantyoualldays.Can’tyoutakeafewdaysoffsothatbothyouandIcan9？You’reapoison—notaslowonebutasuper－fastpoisonwhichholdsourmindandmakesusdance10yourtune.Nowadaysyou’reso11thatanyonecanbuyandmakeyoubecomeourcompanion.You’llneverbebotheredaboutourhealthbutwe’ll12beconcernedaboutyour“health”.Becauseyouaccompanyuseverywhereandneverletusbealone.Ifyouwerea13personmadeoffleshandblood，wouldweloveyouthesame？Youcontroluswithyournumeroustalentsandweevencan’tgetridofyou.Weallareyour14.SometimesIwonderhowpeopleinthepreviousgenerations15，butiftheydid，whycan’twe?【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。文章以拟人手法描述了Wi－Fi无处不在，它在给人们带来帮助的同时，也分散了人们的注意力。人们对它欲罢不能，又爱又恨。1.A.Nowthat B.OnlyifC.Though D.When答案C[根据语境并结合常识可推知，此处表示尽管作者知道Wi－Fi帮助了自己，但是有时候它分散了作者的注意力。]2.A.praised B.increasedC.focused D.divided答案D[参见上题解析。]3.A.keepon B.bringbackC.approve D.giveup答案D[keepon继续进行；bringback带回；使恢复；approve同意；赞成；giveup放弃。根据下文的“butyou’remecloserandcloser...”可推知，很多次作者想戒网，但最终却事与愿违。]4.A.drawing B.pushingC.forcing D.observing答案A[draw吸引；push推；force强迫；observe遵守；观察。根据空后的“closerandcloser...You’veenteredbothmyhomeandmyworkplace”可推知，Wi－Fi离作者越来越近了，它进入了作者的家和工作场所。]5.A.entertainment B.argumentC.expansion D.struggle答案A[entertainment娱乐；argument争论；expansion扩张，扩大；struggle斗争；奋斗。根据空后的“andinformation”并结合选项和常识可推知，此处表示Wi－Fi只是一个娱乐和信息的窗口。]6.A.strict B.satisfiedC.generous D.busy答案B[strict严格的；satisfied满意的；generous慷慨大方的；busy繁忙的。根据下文的“Soweopenallourdoorsforyou”可推知，人们对Wi－Fi的窗口作用并不满足，于是为Wi－Fi打开了所有的门。]7.A.disease B.inspirationC.routine D.situation答案A[inspiration灵感；妙计；routine日常工作；惯例。根据下文的“Ifthisisanillness”可推知，作者疑惑这种行为是否是一种病。]8.A.recommend B.instructC.promise D.adapt答案C[recommend推荐；instruct指示；指导；promise答应；允诺；adapt适应；改编。根据语境并结合选项可推知，此处表示如果这是一种依恋，Wi－Fi是否会“承诺”和作者一辈子在一起。]9.A.persist B.relaxC.progress D.balance答案B[persist坚持；持续；relax放松；progress进行，进展；balance平衡。根据上文“Wewantyoualldays.Can’tyoutakeafewdaysoff”可推知，作者觉得和Wi－Fi联系太紧密了，因此想让Wi－Fi离开几天，彼此都放松一下。]10.A.to B.againstC.from D.within答案A[dancetosb’stune是固定搭配，意为“听从某人的指挥，唯命是从，言听计从”。]11.A.affordable B.valuableC.conventional D.attractive答案A[affordable付得起的；valuable值钱的；有价值的；conventional传统的。根据空后的“anyonecanbuy”可推知，现如今任何人都负担得起Wi－Fi。]12.A.sometimes B.alwaysC.never D.seldom答案B[but与句中的never形成对比，Wi－Fi从来不担心我们的健康，但我们将一直担心Wi－Fi的“健康”。]13.A.selfish B.dishonestC.responsible D.real答案D[selfish自私的；dishonest不诚实的；responsible负责的；real真实的。根据空后的“madeoffleshandblood”可推知，此处表示假如Wi－Fi是一个有血有肉的真人的话，我们是否会同样地喜欢它。]14.A.friends B.slavesC.colleagues D.employers答案B[根据空前一句“Youcontroluswithyournumeroustalentsandweevencan’tgetridofyou.”并结合选项可推知，Wi－Fi控制了我们，因此我们都是Wi－Fi的奴隶。]15.A.suffered B.connectedC.survived D.surfed答案C[suffer受难；connect连接；survive幸存；surf冲浪。根据上文的“weevencan’tgetridofyou”可知，我们无法摆脱Wi－Fi，因此作者很困惑以前的人没有Wi－Fi是如何活下来的。]Ⅲ.语法填空(2024·江西省南昌市高三一模)Asmalldevice，Moxie，hasproducedoxygenonthesurfaceofMars，1.(bring)thechancesofsurvivingontheredplanetastepcloser.Researchpublishedin2.journalScienceAdvancesreportedthatMoxieproducedbreathableoxygeninseven－hour－longtestsconductedinvariousweatherandatmospheric(大气的)conditionslastyear.Theresearchalsofoundthateveninextreme3.(temperature)andafteraMartianduststorm，Moxie4.(continue)toproducehigh－purityoxygen.“ThisisthefirstdemonstrationofactuallyusingresourcesonthesurfaceofMarsandtransforming5.(they)chemicallyintosomethingusefulforahumanmission，”JeffreyHoffman，a6.(retire)astronaut，said.“ThethinatmosphereonMarsis96percentcarbondioxideandmuchmore7.(change)thanonEarthandthetemperaturecanvaryby100degrees，”Hoffmansaid.“OneaimistoshowwecanrunMoxieinallseasons.”Thedevice，Moxie，usessomespecialpumps，8.suckincarbondioxide.Thegas9.(heat)to800℃andpressedtoseparatethecarbonandoxygen.Carbonmonoxideissentoutaswastewhilethepureoxygenisleftbehind.Despitethechallenges，MoxiehasproveddurableintheextremeconditionsonMarsandscientistsregardthetestresults10.agreatachievement.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章介绍了一种名为Moxie的小型装置是如何在火星的极端温度下产生氧气的。科学家们认为这是一项伟大的成就。1.br