重难语法练04 动词时态语态2025年高考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练第四部分 重点语法含答案

2025年高考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练第四部分重点语法含答案重难语法04动词时态语态目录题型综述 2解题攻略 2考点01动词时态 5考点02动词语态 9高考练场 15高考英语语法填空对时态和语态的考查主要集中在句子的逻辑、语境理解以及动词形式的正确运用上。一般来说，高考英语语法填空的时态语态考点聚焦在依据语境精准判断时间、动作关系，准确运用相应时态语态形式来确保语法正确、表意清晰。时态考点时间参照与对应时态需依据语境里明确的时间标志词（如yesterday对应一般过去时、tomorrow对应一般将来时等），或是上下文隐含的时间逻辑（如叙述过去经历中先后发生的事，涉及先后顺序判断时态），准确匹配相应时态，像一般现在时用于客观真理、习惯性动作等。特殊情况的时态运用一些动词的特殊用法，如瞬间动词用于现在完成时要注意转化为延续性动词（buy转havehad）；还有像come、go等移动动词用现在进行时表将来等情况，考查能否在特定语境中灵活运用正确时态。复合句中的时态协调在主从复合句里，从句时态常要与主句时态配合，像条件状语从句中“主将从现”原则，以及时间状语从句中不同时间词引导下的时态呼应等，重点考查对这种时态关联关系的把握。语态考点主被动关系判断核心是分清主语在动作中是执行者还是承受者，以此确定用主动还是被动语态，比如物作主语且是动作的被作用对象，就大概率要用被动语态，关键看能否精准分析这种关系。被动语态结构与时态结合被动语态基本结构“be+过去分词”要与具体时态结合，不同时态里“be”动词形式不同，要考查能否依据语境的时态要求准确写出对应结构，例如一般过去时被动就是“was/were+过去分词”。特殊结构与被动变化对于含感官动词、使役动词的结构以及短语动词，在变为被动时存在特殊规则，像感官动词被动要加“to”，短语动词整体变化等，考查是否熟知这些特殊点并能正确运用到填空当中。考点01动词时态一、基本用法1.常见的十种动词时态有：一般现在时、现在完成时、现在进行时、现在完成进行时、一般将来时、将来进行时、过去将来时、一般过去时、过去进行时和过去完成时。2.动词的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。不及物动词或不及物动词短语不能用于被动语态。PeoplespeakEnglishallovertheworld.(主动语态)Englishisspokenallovertheworld.(被动语态)现在时过去时将来时过去将来时一般ask/asksaskedshall/willaskshould/wouldask进行am/is/areaskingwas/wereaskingshall/willbeaskingshould/wouldbeasking完成have/hasaskedhadaskedshall/willhaveaskedshould/wouldhaveasked完成进行have/hasbeenaskinghadbeenaskingshall/willhavebeenaskingshould/wouldhavebeenasking二、常考时态的用法1.一般现在时(1)表示经常性或习惯性的动作。Tomoftengoestoschoolbybike.(2)表示自然现象、客观事实或普遍真理。Springfollowswinter.(3)表示现有的性质、能力或状态。Theflowerslookbeautiful.(4)表示按计划安排好了将要发生的动作，这种情况仅限于少数有“开始”或“移动”意义的词，例如come,go,leave,start,arrive,begin,meet,fall,close,open,end,stop,return,takeoff等。Thepartybeginsat7o’clock.(5)在时间、条件、让步状语从句中，常用一般现在时表示将来的动作或状态。I’llwriteyoualetterassoonasIgetthere.IfIhaveenoughtime,I’lltravelaroundtheworld.Whereveryougo,youwillseethesamething.2.现在进行时(1)表示此时此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。Areyouworkinghardthisterm?Thecarisbeingrepaired.(2)come,go,leave,do,send,takeoff,sail,arrive,return等表示方位移动的短暂性动词常用进行时表将来。WearegoinghikingthisSunday.(3)与always,often,allthetime,constantly,continuously,forever等连用表示频繁反复发生的动作或状态，常含有批评、抱怨、不满或赞扬等感情色彩，但并非强调动作正在进行。Heisalwaysgettingangrywithme.3.现在完成时(1)表示过去的动作现已结束，但对现在产生影响，常带有already,just,ever,never等副词。Hehasalreadyobtainedascholarship.(2)表示动作或状态从过去开始，一直持续到现在。此时，通常用延续性动词，并常与表示一段时间的状语连用，例如fortenminutes,since1980,inrecentyears,sofar。Thefilmhasbeenonforhalfanhour.(3)表示到目前为止的一段时间内，第……次做某事。It’sthethirdtimethatI’veseenthefilm.4.现在完成进行时(1)发生在过去的动作或状态，持续到现在或将继续下去，可以译成“一直”。现在完成时侧重持续或影响到现在，不强调将来的延续。Ihavebeencleaningthehousealltheafternoon.(2)到目前为止，多次重复发生的动作或状态。Ihavebeentelephoninghimseveraltimesthismorning.5.一般将来时(1)表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。Thefootballgamewillbeginsoon.(2)表示事物固有的属性或必然趋势。Fishwilldiewithoutwater.(3)表示临时的决定。—Wedon’thaveanymilkinourfridge.—I’llgoandbuysome.(4)其他表示将来的结构①begoingtodo表示主观打算或有迹象将要发生某事。I’mgoingtohavemyhaircutafterwork.Lookatthecloudsinthesky.Itisgoingtorain.②be＋todo表示按计划、安排将要发生的动作，还可表示命令或注定要发生的事。ThereistobeanEnglishexamnextMonday.Fatherwarnedhisson，“Youaretobebackbyten.”Theworstisstilltocome.③beabouttodo表示正要去做某事，但不与表将来的时间状语连用。Iamabouttogoshopping.注意：if条件句中一般不用将来时，如果使用will，其意义为“愿意”。Ifyouwillgiveheranotherchance,shewillsurpriseyou.6.过去将来时表示对过去某一时刻而言将要发生的动作或存在的状态。Hesaidhewouldcometoourschool.7.一般过去时(1)表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示过去的时间状语连用。Iboughtanewbikelastweek.(2)表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。HeoftenwatchedTVatnight.8.过去进行时(1)表示过去某段时间里或某一时刻正在进行的动作或存在的状态。Iwasplayingcomputergameswhenmyparentscamehome.Heslippedoutoftheclassroomwhentheteacherwasnotnoticinghim.(2)表示过去频繁发生的动作或习惯，常与always等副词连用。Mrs.Blackwasalwayshavingdinnerwithheroldparents.9.过去完成时(1)表示过去某时间或某动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，即“过去的过去”。WhenIcameback,hehadeatenallthesweets.(2)在hardly/scarcely...when,nosooner...than,Itwasthefirst/second...time(that)...等句型中。Wehadhardly/scarcelyleftthehousewhenitbegantorain.Nosoonerhadweleftthehousethanitbegantorain.Itwasthethirdtimehehadbeenoutofworkthatyear.(3)表希望、想法、打算、意图的动词用过去完成时，表示未曾实现的愿望，意为“本打算……，本希望……”。这类动词有mean,intend,expect,hope,want,plan,think,suppose等。Theyhadwantedtohelpbutcouldnotgetthereintime.三、几组时态的区别一般过去时一般过去时只涉及一个纯过去的动作,凡有明确的过去时间的均用过去时,一般过去时强调的是动作发生在“过去”,和现在毫无关系Wereyouatschoolyesterday?昨天你在学校吗?(问的是昨天的事情。但对今天没什么影响。)现在完成时现在完成时强调的是对“现在”的影响和结果,动作到现在刚完成或还在继续Ihavejustfinishedmyhomework.我刚刚写完作业。(看上去好像是过去才发生的事情,但是对我现在有了影响。因为写完了作业,就可以做自己想做的事情。)过去完成时过去完成时指的是相对于过去的某一特定时间更早发生的动作,发生在“过去的过去”,即过去完成时至少涉及两个过去的动作Whenhecamein,Ihadhadmysupper.他进来时,我就已经吃完晚餐了。(吃在进来之前,所以用过去完成时。)四、固定结构中的时态hardly...when...,nosooner...than...“一……就……”主句时态用过去完成时,从句时态用一般过去时HardlyhadIopenedthedoorwhenTomcamein.This/That/Itis/wasthefirst/second...time+that从句“是……次做某事”若主句中为is,则从句时态用现在完成时;若为was,则从句时态用过去完成时Thisisthefirsttimewehaveseenafilminthecinematogetherasafamily.It+be...before...“要过……才”或“在……以后才”若be动词用一般过去时,则before从句中常用一般过去时;若be动词用将来时,则before从句中常用一般现在时I’msorryyou’vebeenwaitingsolong,butit’llstillbesometimebeforeBriangetsback.was/weredoing...when“正在做某事,这时(突然)”在when引导的从句中,谓语动词用过去式Iwasabouttoleavewhenhecamein.IhadjustlockedthedoorwhenIrealisedIhadleftmykeyonthekitchentable.was/wereabouttodo...when...“正要做某事,这时(突然)”haddone...when“刚做完某事,这时(突然)”Itis/hasbeen+时间段+sincesince从句用过去时。该句型表某个动作持续多久。但若since后跟延续性动词,要翻译成否定含义,即“没做某事已经多久了”Ithasbeenthreeyearssinceheworkedhere.他不在这工作已经三年了。Ithasbeenthreeyearssincehesmoked.他已经戒烟三年了。Ithasbeenthreeyearssincehebegantosmoke.他吸烟有三年了。五、主动语态表示被动意义系动词+形容词look,sound,feel,smell,taste,prove,appearThesoupsmellsgoodbuttastesterrible.不及物动词与状语连用,用以表示主语的品质和状态cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash,drive,keepThiskindofmaterialwasheseasily.Thepenwritessmoothly.表开始、结束、运动的动词begin,finish,start,open,close,stop,end,runTheshopclosesat6p.m.everyday.有些表示“需要”的动词后加动词的-ing形式need,require,want,beworthYourhairwantscutting.Thefloorrequireswashing.Thebookisworthreading.不定式在某些形容词之后,且与主语有动宾关系hard,difficult,easy,heavy,fit,good,comfortable,convenient,impossibleThequestionisdifficulttoanswer.Theboxisheavytocarry.Theprojectisimpossibletocompleteinayear.考点02动词语态一、被动语态的构成形式被动语态由“be＋过去分词”构成，be动词有人称、数和时态的变化。被动语态的构成形式还有：get/become＋过去分词。各种时态的被动语态形式如下：形式时间一般式进行式完成式现在am/is/aredoneam/is/arebeingdonehave/hasbeendone过去was/weredonewas/werebeingdonehadbeendone将来shall/willbedoneshall/willhavebeendone被动语态的使用场合：(1)不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时；(2)强调动作的承受者时。)Itisreportedthataspacestationwillbebuiltonthemooninyearstocome.据报道，一个空间站将在未来的几年内在月球上被建成。)Inmyhometown，thereisalwaysaharvestsupperforthefarmersafterallthewheathasbeencut.在我的家乡，所有的麦子被收割后，总是要给农民们准备一顿收获的晚餐。Withmanyforestsbeingdestroyed，hugequantitiesofgoodeartharebeingwashedawayeachyear.因为许多森林被毁，每年大量肥沃的泥土被冲走。二、get构成的表示被动的短语：getpaid/lost/hurt等Whilewaitingfortheopportunitytogetpromoted，Henrydidhisbesttoperformhisduty.在等待机会被提拔期间，亨利尽量履行好自己的职责。Wegetpaidbytheweek.我们按周获得薪酬。1．“系动词feel，sound，taste，look，smell，appear，seem，turn，stay，become，get，grow，keep等＋形容词/名词”构成系表结构，常常以主动形式表示被动意义。Thiskindofwoolshirtfeelssoftandsellswell.这种羊毛衫摸起来很软，卖得很好。2．当sell，read，cut，wash，write，open，wear，run，burn等不及物动词后带状语(well/easily等)修饰，用来表示主语内在的品质或性能时用主动形式表示被动含义。Haveyouboughtthebookthatsellswellthesedays?Ithinkitissuitableforusteenagers.你买最近销售很好的那本书了吗？我认为它非常适合我们青少年。三、主动形式表示被动意义1．在need，want，require，deserve，bear等动词、worth等形容词的后面，动名词主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。Thehouseneedsrepairing/toberepaired.这房子需要修理。2．betorent/blame/let主动形式表被动意义。Whoistoblameforthemistake?谁应为此错误接受谴责？Thehouseistolet.此房出租。一、单句语法填空1．Doingexerciseinthemorning（be）goodforourhealth.(所给词的适当形式填空)2．Christmasisthemostimportantfestivalinthewesternworld.It(fall)onDecember25.(所给词的适当形式填空)3．Forexample,I(order)adigitalcameraonlinetheotherdayandsavedabout$50.(所给词的适当形式填空)4．Thewomanlookeddown,(shake)herheadandsaid:“Notsogood.”(所给词的适当形式填空)5．Bythewindow(sit)ayoungmanwithamagazineinhishand.（所给词的适当形式填空）6．Theyhadtowaitand(hope)thatsomeonewouldcomeandhelpthem.（所给词的适当形式填空）7．Atpresent,theremarkabledevelopmentofdigitaleconomy(transform)ourmodernwayoflife.(所给词的适当形式填空)8．Becauseofclimatechange,theicethatpolarbearsdependonforsurvival(disappear)slowly.(所给词的适当形式填空)9．I(translate)thepoemsoftheTangDynastythesedays.Itisveryinterestingbutalittlehard.(所给词的适当形式填空)10．I(search)theInternetfortherelevantinformationwhenmycellphonerang.(所给词的适当形式填空)11．Somechildren(slide)ontheicehappilywhentheyheardsomeonecryingforhelp.(所给词的适当形式填空)12．OnedayGeneandHannahBortnickheardpianomusiccomingfromtheirlivingroom.Theythoughttheir3-year-oldsonEthan

(listen)toaCD．(所给词的适当形式填空)13．Family-friendlyfacilities(develop)inthefollowingyears.(所给词的适当形式填空)14．Soonerorlaterthosedishonestpeople(pay)apricefortheiracts;onthecontrary,whenwearehonest,wearetrulyfree.(所给词的适当形式填空)15．Theplantheypaidmuchattentionto(discuss)attomorrow’smeeting.(所给词的适当形式填空)16．Aslongasyouputinmoreeffort,youprogressinyourschoolwork.(make)(所给词的适当形式填空)17．LastSundayhepromisedhe(come)buthehasn’tarriveduntilnow.(所给词的适当形式填空)18．IhopedTina(come)tomybirthdaypartyontimethenextWednesday.(所给词的适当形式填空)19．Jasonsetupaplanthatinfiveyearshe(show)hisworkinthetopgalleryinthatareaofthecountry.(所给词的适当形式填空)20．Sofar,ourcountry(make)greatachievementsinmanyfields.(所给词的适当形式填空)21．Ifyouhavekids,andthey(notsee)thisfilmyet,it’ssafetosaythey’denjoyit.(所给词的适当形式填空)22．Sinceitdrewrecentmediaattention,Woon(hear)fromresortsandrestaurantsin10countries,includingtheUnitedStates.(所给词的适当形式填空)23．Whileonlineshopping(change)ourlife,notallofitseffectshavebeenpositive.(所给词的适当形式填空)24．Duetothehardtrainingthey(do)before,theirperformanceswereveryimpressive.(所给词的适当形式填空)25．Thenewscameasnosurprisetome.I(know)forsometimethatthefactorywasgoingtoshutdown.（所给词的适当形式填空）26．Tom(work)inthelibraryeverynightoverthelastthreemonths.（所给词的适当形式填空）27．Ifthetrendcontinues,by2020,theworld(lose)two-thirdsofitsvertebratebiodiversity.(所给词的适当形式填空)28．BythetimeJanegetshome,heraunt(leave)forLondontoattendameeting.（所给词的适当形式填空）29．You’dbetternotphonethemanagerbetween7and8tomorrowevening;he(have)animportantmeetingthen.(所给词的适当形式填空)30．Don’tcallMr.Wangatninetomorrow.He(listen)toalectureonthereformofthecollegeentranceexamination.(所给词的适当形式填空)31．Don’tcallmeatninetomorrowbecauseI(study)atthelibrarythen.(所给词的适当形式填空)32．WhiledronedeliveryisnewtoBeijing,thetechnology(exist)inotherpartsofChinaforseveralyears.(所给词的适当形式填空)33．Marty(work)reallyhardonhisbookandthinkshe’llhavefinisheditbyFriday.(所给词的适当形式填空)34．Cleaningmustbedonebeforetheholiday,typicallyinJanuaryorFebruary,sincesweepingafterthefestivities(see)asremovinggoodluck.(所给词的适当形式填空)35．Accordingtocurrentregulations,visitors(require)toswitchofftheircameraflashesinthemuseum.(所给词的适当形式填空)36．Iftheproject(complete)ontime,thecompanywillreceiveabonus.(所给词的适当形式填空)37．Theplanthat(approve)bythecommitteelastweekwillbeimplementednextmonth.(所给词的适当形式填空)38．Mylife(save)manyyearsagobyaStJohnambulanceandit’samarvelousfeelingrepayingbackthatkindness.(用所给词的适当形式填空)39．Thesportsmeetingthatthestudentshavebeenlookingforwardto(hold)tomorrow.(所给词的适当形式填空)40．Moreexpressways(build)inSichuansoontopromotethelocaleconomy.(所给词的适当形式填空)41．I'llhavetopushthecartothesideoftheroadbecausewe(fine)ifweleaveithere.（所给词的适当形式填空）42．Hewasnotsurewhetherhisthesispaper(approve)bytheprofessortomorrow.(所给词的适当形式填空)43．MoYanistheonlyoneofthewriterswho(award)theNobelPrizeforLiteratureinChina.(所给词的适当形式填空)44．Butnoevidenceoflife(discover)inanyoftheseplanetsofar.(所给词的适当形式填空)45．Withthehelpofhightechnology,moreandmorenewsubstances

inthepastyears.(discover)（所给词的适当形式填空）46．Inrecentyearsmanyfootballclubsasbusinesstomakeaprofit.(run)（所给词的适当形式填空）47．WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundthatthetickets(sellout)andIdidn’tgetone.（所给词的适当形式填空）48．ItwassaidthattheflighttoNewYork(cancel)duetothefoggyweather.(所给词的适当形式填空)49．Studentsarenotallowedtousetheartcentreatthemomentbecauseit(decorate).（所给词的适当形式填空）50．Thechurchtowerwhich(restore)atpresentwillbeopentotouristssoon.Theworkisalmostfinished.(所给词的适当形式填空)51．Thegymwhich(build)willbeopentotouristssoon.Theworkisalmostfinished.(所给词的适当形式填空)52．Thechurchtowerwhich(restore)willbeopentotouristssoon.Theworkisalmostfinished.(所给词的适当形式填空)53．Itsohappenedthatmymobilephone(repair)whenyoucalledmeyesterday.(所给词的适当形式填空)54．Hewenthomeinahurry,neveroncelookingbacktoseeifhe(follow).（所给词的适当形式填空）55．Thebabyshould(take)goodcareofbythebaby-sitter.（所给词的适当形式填空）56．Thebeautyoftheviewscouldn’t(imagine)andtheyleftmewithmanygreatmemories.(所给词的适当形式填空)57．Hisproposalthatthesystem(improve)gotrejectedbytheboss.(所给词的适当形式填空)58．Thiskindofdeskcan(adjust)totheheightyouneed.Besides,it’snotexpensiveatall.（所给词的适当形式填空）59．Thelargeboardinthecornerhadbeenreplacedbyabigscreen,wherecustomers’commentsonthemonth’sbest-seller(display).(所给词的适当形式填空)60．Itisannouncedthatmanyanewhouse(build)atpresentinthedisasterarea.(所给词的适当形式填空)二、语篇语法填空阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。TheChinaCulturalCenterinMaltalaunchedits2024-2025termonTuesday,introducingafreshlineupofclassesinChineselanguage,traditionalChinesepainting,andcalligraphy,offering1(local)newwaystoimmerse(沉浸)themselvesinChineseculture.TheChineselanguageclasses,2(teach)byinstructorsfromtheConfuciusInstituteattheUniversityofMalta,rangefrombeginnertointermediatelevelsand3(tailor)todifferentagegroupsandskilllevels.4thefirsttime,thecenterhasintroducedadedicatedChinesereadingclassforchildrenundereight,areflectionoftherisinginterestinthelanguageamongMalta’syoungerlearners.Amongthestudents5(be)66-year-oldRayMagri,6hasbeenstudyingChineseforfiveyears,drivenbyhispassionforChineseculture.CitingtheoldChinesesaying,“Nevertoooldtolearn,”Magri7(share)withonenewcomerhisintentiontocontinuelearningforaslongashecan.Anotherstudent,PieroDiMeglio,8(true)hopestobecomefluentinChinese,includingspeaking,reading,andwriting.9experiencedtravelertoChina,DiMegliohasreachedHSKLevel3,theinternationalbenchmarkforChineseproficiency,andaims10(advance)toLevels4and5inthecomingyears.NewcomerJonathanXuerebembracedthechallengeoflearningChinese,acknowledgingitscomplexitybutcallingit“oneofthehardestyetmostrewardinglanguagestolearn”.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Shanghai-basedlanguageandliteraturemagazineYaowenJiaozi,literallymeaning“bitingphrasesandchewingcharacters,”recentlyunveileditsTop10ChineseBuzzwordsfor2024.ReleasedonDecember2,thelistspotlightslinguistictrends11reflectsocietalchanges.Theselectionincludestermslike“digitalintelligence”and“AIforgood,”12(showcase)theinfluenceofartificialintelligence(AI).“Digitalintelligence”referstotheintegrationofadvancedintelligenttechnologiesintodigitalsystems13(boost)productivity,streamlineresourcemanagementandfosterinnovation.Meanwhile,“AIforgood”underscorestheethicalresponsibilityofdevelopingAItobenefithumanity,fuelindustrial14(transform),drivetheeconomy,andpromotesustainability.HuangAnjing,EditorinChiefofYaowenJiaozi,toldDazhongDailynewspaperthat15annualbuzzwordselectionaimstocapturewide-ranging16(shift)inpolitics,theeconomy,cultureanddailylife.HuangalsobroughtuptherisinginfluenceofGenerationZ.ThestrongperformanceofChineseGenZathletesatthe2024ParisOlympicandParalympicSummerGames,17(couple)withtheirconfidentattitude,gaverisetoaffectionatetermslike“kid-bro/kid-sis,”nowwidelyusedasamarkofrespect.AccordingtoHuang,thelinguisticcreativityonshort-videoplatforms18(reach)unprecedentedlevels,particularlyamongyoungergenerations.Theeaseofpostingcontentontheseplatformsallows19theswiftexchangeofideas,leadingtothespontaneouscreationandpopularizationofnewterms.Onthedownside,it’shardertoregulate20(potential)problematiclanguage.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。“XVirtualGathering:Honey”,anewprojectofXMuseum’sdigitalartplatformXVirtual,21(launch)onThursdayinBeijingwithanexhibitionandavideogamedesignedbymultiplecreativesfromhomeandabroad.Uponenteringtheexhibition,visitorsaregrabbedbytheelectronicmusic22(mix)withabuzzingnoiseplayinginthegame,theinterface(界面)ofwhichisprojectedonthewall.Theyareinvitedtopickupthecontrollertostartthegame,becomingabeebusygatheringhoney.Depictedina23(future),roboticandmetallicstyle,theworkerbee24(fly)throughvariouslandscapes,includingamysteriousjungleandaneruptingvolcano.Eightmusicpieces,eachofwhichrepresentsaspecificevent,aretriggeredasitmovesthroughdifferentlevelswithinthegame,immersingtheplayerin25adventurewithabee’sperspective.Asanabstractmedium,musicaltersandchallengestheparticipants’senses,urgingus26(rethink)ecologicaljusticeandspeciesjustice.Accordingtothecurators(策展人),thisprojectexploresthevast,interconnectedworldofbees27howitinfluencesideasaroundecology,humancivilization,andcapitalism.Itisanurgentresponse28crisessuchasresourceexhaustionandanetlossofbiodiversity29wehumansarefacedwith,aswellastheslowlywidening30(divide)betweencivilizationandnaturethroughtechnologicalrevolutions.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。“ItisanoutstandingconclusiontoagreatBeethovencycle.FrankPeterZimmermannandMartinHelmchenfinishtheirprojectinfinestyle,”saysJulianHaylock.Weare31(current)experiencingoneofthemostexcitingperiodsinrecording.Wehavebeenespeciallyluckyoverthelastdecadeorso,32charmingrecordingsofBeethoven’sviolinsonatasthatmakesomeolderonessoundordinary.FrankPeterZimmermannandMartinHelmchenareanoutstandingteam,33latestreleasebringstheirthree-discsurveyto34upliftingconclusion.The“little”No.8iskeptlight-as-air,withsomemusicjokesoccasionallythrownofffrommagicalhands.Oneofthetrickiestmovementsinthecycle35(be)thecentralMinuetto(小步舞曲),yethereitiskeptflowinganddancing,gently36(mix)withdelicateprecision.Thesearethereadingsthatalsohavetheirgreatarmsfirmlyonthemusic.The37(distinguish)playerscreateasenseofanticipationintheintroductiontoKreutzerSonata’sopeningmovement,which38(play)completelywithZimmermannoverthewonderfulmusicpauses.FinestofallisareadingoftheOp.96Sonatathatallowslisteners39(dream)alittleandfeelthe40(composer)undervaluedsilenceinallitscharm.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Ifyou’veeverspenttimeinChinaduringthesummer,youprobablyrecallseeingpeopleonthestreets41(wave)theirhandheldfansinanattempttobeattheheat.ButthetraditionalChinesefoldingfanisnotjustatoolforcoolingdown.It’sanimportantpartoftheChineseculture42hasover3,000yearsofhistoryfromtheShangDynasty.Thefan-makingindustryinChina43(primary)consistedoffamily-runbusinessesthatproducedtheirdesignsinsmall44(quantity)andsoldthemfromthefrontoftheirworkshops.ThecityofHangzhouwasthecenteroftheindustryduringtheSouthernSongdynasty.Composedofpanelsandribs,foldingfans45(design)tospinaroundtherivet(铆钉)atthehead.Panels,asthemainsurfaceofthefan,providedacanvasforcraftspeopleandartists46(add)calligraphyandpaintedscenes.Fansdecoratedwithpaintingsandcalligraphybecameknown47“scholars’fans”andoftenreflectedaperson’sstatus.Artworkfeaturingbirdsandflowerssymbolizedbeautyandgracefulness,makingthem48popularsubjectamongyoungwomen.Mythicalcreatureswerealsopopularchoices—dragonswerepaintedfrequentlyonto49(man)fanswhileladiestypicallypreferredphoenixes.FromitsbeginningduringtheShangDynastytohavingover500kindsoffansinChinatoday,foldingfans50(stand)thetestoftimeandarestillwidelypopular—notonlyinChinabutaroundtheworld.重难语法04动词时态语态目录题型综述 2解题攻略 2考点01动词时态 5考点02动词语态 9高考练场 15高考英语语法填空对时态和语态的考查主要集中在句子的逻辑、语境理解以及动词形式的正确运用上。一般来说，高考英语语法填空的时态语态考点聚焦在依据语境精准判断时间、动作关系，准确运用相应时态语态形式来确保语法正确、表意清晰。时态考点时间参照与对应时态需依据语境里明确的时间标志词（如yesterday对应一般过去时、tomorrow对应一般将来时等），或是上下文隐含的时间逻辑（如叙述过去经历中先后发生的事，涉及先后顺序判断时态），准确匹配相应时态，像一般现在时用于客观真理、习惯性动作等。特殊情况的时态运用一些动词的特殊用法，如瞬间动词用于现在完成时要注意转化为延续性动词（buy转havehad）；还有像come、go等移动动词用现在进行时表将来等情况，考查能否在特定语境中灵活运用正确时态。复合句中的时态协调在主从复合句里，从句时态常要与主句时态配合，像条件状语从句中“主将从现”原则，以及时间状语从句中不同时间词引导下的时态呼应等，重点考查对这种时态关联关系的把握。语态考点主被动关系判断核心是分清主语在动作中是执行者还是承受者，以此确定用主动还是被动语态，比如物作主语且是动作的被作用对象，就大概率要用被动语态，关键看能否精准分析这种关系。被动语态结构与时态结合被动语态基本结构“be+过去分词”要与具体时态结合，不同时态里“be”动词形式不同，要考查能否依据语境的时态要求准确写出对应结构，例如一般过去时被动就是“was/were+过去分词”。特殊结构与被动变化对于含感官动词、使役动词的结构以及短语动词，在变为被动时存在特殊规则，像感官动词被动要加“to”，短语动词整体变化等，考查是否熟知这些特殊点并能正确运用到填空当中。考点01动词时态一、基本用法1.常见的十种动词时态有：一般现在时、现在完成时、现在进行时、现在完成进行时、一般将来时、将来进行时、过去将来时、一般过去时、过去进行时和过去完成时。2.动词的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。不及物动词或不及物动词短语不能用于被动语态。PeoplespeakEnglishallovertheworld.(主动语态)Englishisspokenallovertheworld.(被动语态)现在时过去时将来时过去将来时一般ask/asksaskedshall/willaskshould/wouldask进行am/is/areaskingwas/wereaskingshall/willbeaskingshould/wouldbeasking完成have/hasaskedhadaskedshall/willhaveaskedshould/wouldhaveasked完成进行have/hasbeenaskinghadbeenaskingshall/willhavebeenaskingshould/wouldhavebeenasking二、常考时态的用法1.一般现在时(1)表示经常性或习惯性的动作。Tomoftengoestoschoolbybike.(2)表示自然现象、客观事实或普遍真理。Springfollowswinter.(3)表示现有的性质、能力或状态。Theflowerslookbeautiful.(4)表示按计划安排好了将要发生的动作，这种情况仅限于少数有“开始”或“移动”意义的词，例如come,go,leave,start,arrive,begin,meet,fall,close,open,end,stop,return,takeoff等。Thepartybeginsat7o’clock.(5)在时间、条件、让步状语从句中，常用一般现在时表示将来的动作或状态。I’llwriteyoualetterassoonasIgetthere.IfIhaveenoughtime,I’lltravelaroundtheworld.Whereveryougo,youwillseethesamething.2.现在进行时(1)表示此时此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。Areyouworkinghardthisterm?Thecarisbeingrepaired.(2)come,go,leave,do,send,takeoff,sail,arrive,return等表示方位移动的短暂性动词常用进行时表将来。WearegoinghikingthisSunday.(3)与always,often,allthetime,constantly,continuously,forever等连用表示频繁反复发生的动作或状态，常含有批评、抱怨、不满或赞扬等感情色彩，但并非强调动作正在进行。Heisalwaysgettingangrywithme.3.现在完成时(1)表示过去的动作现已结束，但对现在产生影响，常带有already,just,ever,never等副词。Hehasalreadyobtainedascholarship.(2)表示动作或状态从过去开始，一直持续到现在。此时，通常用延续性动词，并常与表示一段时间的状语连用，例如fortenminutes,since1980,inrecentyears,sofar。Thefilmhasbeenonforhalfanhour.(3)表示到目前为止的一段时间内，第……次做某事。It’sthethirdtimethatI’veseenthefilm.4.现在完成进行时(1)发生在过去的动作或状态，持续到现在或将继续下去，可以译成“一直”。现在完成时侧重持续或影响到现在，不强调将来的延续。Ihavebeencleaningthehousealltheafternoon.(2)到目前为止，多次重复发生的动作或状态。Ihavebeentelephoninghimseveraltimesthismorning.5.一般将来时(1)表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。Thefootballgamewillbeginsoon.(2)表示事物固有的属性或必然趋势。Fishwilldiewithoutwater.(3)表示临时的决定。—Wedon’thaveanymilkinourfridge.—I’llgoandbuysome.(4)其他表示将来的结构①begoingtodo表示主观打算或有迹象将要发生某事。I’mgoingtohavemyhaircutafterwork.Lookatthecloudsinthesky.Itisgoingtorain.②be＋todo表示按计划、安排将要发生的动作，还可表示命令或注定要发生的事。ThereistobeanEnglishexamnextMonday.Fatherwarnedhisson，“Youaretobebackbyten.”Theworstisstilltocome.③beabouttodo表示正要去做某事，但不与表将来的时间状语连用。Iamabouttogoshopping.注意：if条件句中一般不用将来时，如果使用will，其意义为“愿意”。Ifyouwillgiveheranotherchance,shewillsurpriseyou.6.过去将来时表示对过去某一时刻而言将要发生的动作或存在的状态。Hesaidhewouldcometoourschool.7.一般过去时(1)表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示过去的时间状语连用。Iboughtanewbikelastweek.(2)表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。HeoftenwatchedTVatnight.8.过去进行时(1)表示过去某段时间里或某一时刻正在进行的动作或存在的状态。Iwasplayingcomputergameswhenmyparentscamehome.Heslippedoutoftheclassroomwhentheteacherwasnotnoticinghim.(2)表示过去频繁发生的动作或习惯，常与always等副词连用。Mrs.Blackwasalwayshavingdinnerwithheroldparents.9.过去完成时(1)表示过去某时间或某动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，即“过去的过去”。WhenIcameback,hehadeatenallthesweets.(2)在hardly/scarcely...when,nosooner...than,Itwasthefirst/second...time(that)...等句型中。Wehadhardly/scarcelyleftthehousewhenitbegantorain.Nosoonerhadweleftthehousethanitbegantorain.Itwasthethirdtimehehadbeenoutofworkthatyear.(3)表希望、想法、打算、意图的动词用过去完成时，表示未曾实现的愿望，意为“本打算……，本希望……”。这类动词有mean,intend,expect,hope,want,plan,think,suppose等。Theyhadwantedtohelpbutcouldnotgetthereintime.三、几组时态的区别一般过去时一般过去时只涉及一个纯过去的动作,凡有明确的过去时间的均用过去时,一般过去时强调的是动作发生在“过去”,和现在毫无关系Wereyouatschoolyesterday?昨天你在学校吗?(问的是昨天的事情。但对今天没什么影响。)现在完成时现在完成时强调的是对“现在”的影响和结果,动作到现在刚完成或还在继续Ihavejustfinishedmyhomework.我刚刚写完作业。(看上去好像是过去才发生的事情,但是对我现在有了影响。因为写完了作业,就可以做自己想做的事情。)过去完成时过去完成时指的是相对于过去的某一特定时间更早发生的动作,发生在“过去的过去”,即过去完成时至少涉及两个过去的动作Whenhecamein,Ihadhadmysupper.他进来时,我就已经吃完晚餐了。(吃在进来之前,所以用过去完成时。)四、固定结构中的时态hardly...when...,nosooner...than...“一……就……”主句时态用过去完成时,从句时态用一般过去时HardlyhadIo