2025高考英语大二轮专题强化练高考题型组合练作业49　四选一阅读＋完形填空＋语法填空

2025高考英语大二轮专题强化练高考题型组合练作业49四选一阅读＋完形填空＋语法填空作业49四选一阅读＋完形填空＋语法填空(分值：40分)Ⅰ.四选一阅读(每小题2.5分，满分10分)(2024·湖南岳阳二模)Billionsofpeopledealwithanail-bitinghabitatsomepointintheirlives.Manywillgotogreatlengthstotrytostop.Andwhilenotallofusarenail-biters，mostofusdohaveahabitwe’dliketokick.Sowhat’sthebestwaytobreakone?Researchshowsthatintentionsaloneoftenfailtoleadtolong-termbehaviorchange.Thisisn’ttosayyoucan’tbreakahabit.Rather，byunderstandingthebasisofhabits，youcancreatebetterplansforchangingthem.Forexample，weknowhabitsareoftenaffectedbyenvironmentsandroutines.Lyinginbedmaycauseyoutoendlesslyscrollthroughyourphone，orwatchingTVonthecouchmayleadyoutograbasugarysnack.Oneofthemosteffectivewaystomanagebehavioristoidentifytheselocationsortimesofday.Thentrytomodifythembychangingyourroutineorcreatingobstaclesthatmakeitmoredifficulttoperformthehabitinthatspace.Moving，switchingjobs，orevenstartinganewschedule，areparticularlygreattimestobreakahabitorbuildanewone.One2005studytrackeduniversitystudents’exercising，reading，andTV-watchinghabitsbeforeandaftertheytransferredschools.Whenstudentswerenolongeraroundoldenvironmentsandroutines，theirhabits，eventhestrongones，significantlychanged.Forbehaviorslikenail-biting，apracticecalledhabitreversaltrainingcanbehelpful.Developedbypsychologistsinthe1970s，theaimistochangeahabitbyreplacingitwithanotheronethat’slessdetrimental.Thetrainingrequiresyoutoanalyzeandunderstandyourhabitcues，soyoucaneffectivelystepinattherighttimes.Forexample，ifyoutendtobiteyournailsatwork，keepafidgettoyatyourdeskinadvance.Then，ifastressfulemailcomesin，usethetoywhenyoufeeltheurgetobiteyournails.Breakingahabittakestime，soremembertogiveyourselfgraceandhavepatiencethroughtheprocess.1．Whydoestheauthormention“anail-bitinghabit”inparagraph1?A．Tomakeacomparison.B．Tomakeaconclusion.C．Tointroducethetopic.D．Toattractreaders’attention.2．Whatisoneofthebestwaystohelpuscontrolouraction?A．Havingintentionsalone.B．Understandingthebasisofhabits.C．Makingpracticalplans.D．Adaptingtheenvironmentsortimes.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“detrimental”inparagraph5probablymean?A．Harmful. B．Helpful.C．Annoying. D．Time-consuming.4．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A．DifficultiesinDealingwithNail-bitingB．SignificanceofHabitReversalTrainingC．UsefulTipsonGettingRidofaHabitD．NecessityofHavingGraceandPatienceⅡ.完形填空(每小题1分，满分15分)(2024·山东济南一模)The13-year-oldgirlAnnaGraceisavolleyballmanager，abasketballmanager，andatheatervolunteer，butperhapshergreatest1isthefactthatshehasbeatencancertwice.Annawasfirstdiagnosed(诊断)withararetypeof2inDecemberof2019.Asoftballplayeratthetime，shetoldherparentsshewasexperiencingmuscle3inherleftarm，onlyliftingitabouteye-level.Shehadto4surgeryonherleftarm.Forthefollowingweekendsafterthesurgery，doctorsscannedher5tomakesureshewascancer-freeandtheninAugustof2023，doctors6aspotonherlungs.Shehadanother7onSeptembertoremoveit.Annasaidwhenshewasfirstdiagnosedwithcancer，itfeltlikealearningstage.Thesecondtimearound，itwasalittle8toacceptthenews.Andthroughoutallofthis，Annahashadto9schoolworkandhospitallife.Hersufferingswithcancerforcedhertoreally10herselfbecauseshewasoutofschoolforquiteawhile.Nowshehas11andhasstraightAs.Anna’sfather，EricBartel，saidherjourneyhasinspiredhimto12everymoment，enjoyingtimewithhislovingdaughter.Annaisdoingwellthesedaysthough.She’s13intheaterandisacoach’sassistant.“Whenyou’reon14youhavetokeepfighting，”Annasaid.“Alwayslivelifetothefullesteachday.You’reloved.Yourlife15.”1．A.excitement B．achievementC．devotion D．ambition2．A.pain B．coldC．cancer D．fever3．A.weakness B．growthC．recovery D．relief4．A.perform B．haveC．attend D．refuse5．A.briefly B．occasionallyC．partly D．regularly6．A.noticed B．erasedC．ignored D．marked7．A.assessment B．appointmentC．examination D．operation8．A.harder B．easierC．stronger D．better9．A.solve B．connectC．abandon D．balance10．A.apply B．controlC．convince D．forgive11．A.caughtup B．heldbackC．droppedout D．blownup12．A.spare B．appreciateC．imagine D．create13．A.active B．gracefulC．dominant D．cautious14．A.vacation B．trustC．treatment D．duty15．A.declines B．suffersC．matters D．waitsⅢ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，满分15分)(2024·江苏南通一模)Tanghulu(alsoknownasbingtanghulu)isatraditionalChinesesnackconsistingofhardenedsugarcoatedfruitsonastick.1.(classic)，tanghuluismadeofhawthornsthatarerich2.vitaminC．Inrecenttimes，tanghulumakers3.(add)varietytothistraditionalsnackbyusingotherfruitssuchascherries，strawberries，pineapplesorgrapes.Tanghulucantastesweetorsour，dependingonyourfruit.Traditionaltanghuluusinghawthornberriesissaidtotastelikea4.(combine)ofboth.Youcan，ofcourse，makeyourowntanghuluusinganyfruityoudesire.Tanghuluiseasier5.(make)athomethanyoumightthink.Thetrickistousethecorrectwatertosugarratio(比例)andboilthesugarwatermixture6.itstemperaturereaches150℃.Thenquicklydipyourfruitskewer(扦子)intothesugarmixture.Thiswillresultinfruitcoatedinathinlayerofhardcandythatcrackswhen7.(bite)into.Tanghuluiscommonlyeateninthewinter.Youcanfind8.(travel)tradersroaming(游荡)inthestreets，sellingthisuniquesnack.Ifyouwanttotrythestickytreat9.___________(you)，youcanfindtanghulustandsnearmostofthepopulartouristattractionsinChina.Tanghuluisn’texpensive，asaskewercostsonly$1.So，whatcouldpossiblystopyoufromgivingone10.try?答案精析Ⅰ.eq\x(语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些改变习惯的方法。)1．C[推理判断题。第一段前两句提到很多人有咬指甲的习惯并试图改掉，接下来提出大部分人都有想改掉的习惯，结合末句“Sowhat’sthebestwaytobreakone？”可知，第一段提及“咬指甲”这个坏习惯是为了引出文章主题。故选C。]2．D[细节理解题。根据第三段“Oneofthemosteffectivewaystomanagebehavioristoidentifytheselocationsortimesofday.Thentrytomodifythembychanging...”可知，管理行为最好的方法之一是改变习惯的环境或时间。故选D。]3．A[词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“changeahabitbyreplacingitwithanotheronethat’sless”以及后文的例子“Forexample，ifyoutendtobiteyournailsatwork...usethetoywhenyoufeeltheurgetobiteyournails.”可知，这种训练是要使用玩玩具这种危害性较小的行为来代替咬指甲这种习惯，由此可推知，detrimental意为“有害的”。故选A。]4．C[标题归纳题。根据第一段中“Andwhilenotallofusarenail-biters，mostofusdohaveahabitwe’dliketokick.Sowhat’sthebestwaytobreakone？”以及通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了改变习惯的一些方法，故选C。]Ⅱ.eq\x(语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述的是13岁女孩AnnaGrace两次战胜癌症的故事。)1．B[excitement兴奋，激动；achievement成就；devotion忠诚，奉献；ambition抱负，雄心。根据空后“thefactthatshehasbeatencancertwice”可知AnnaGrace两度战胜癌症，这的确是一种伟大的成就。故选B。]2．C[pain疼痛；cold感冒；cancer癌症；fever发烧。根据后文“Forthefollowingweekendsafterthesurgery，doctorsscannedhertomakesureshewascancer-free”可知安娜是被诊断出癌症。故选C项。]3．A[weakness虚弱；growth成长；recovery恢复；relief宽慰。根据后文“inherleftarm，onlyliftingitabouteye-level”可知安娜的左臂只能抬到眼睛的高度，所以可以推断肌肉是虚弱无力的。故选A。]4．B[perform实施；have有，接受；attend出席；refuse拒绝。根据后文“Forthefollowingweekendsafterthesurgery，doctorsscannedher”可知此处指的是安娜不得不接受手术。havesurgery“接受手术”。故选B。]5．D[briefly简短地；occasionally偶尔；partly部分地；regularly定期地。根据空前“doctorsscannedher”和空后“tomakesureshewascancer-free”可知，手术后医生定期扫描检查来确定她体内没有癌变。故选D。]6．A[notice注意到；erase清除；ignore忽视；mark标志。根据空后“aspotonherlungs”和“removeit”可知此处指的是医生定期扫描时发现她肺上有一个斑点。故选A。]7．D[assessment评估；appointment约定；examination考试；operation手术。根据上文“Forthefollowingweekendsafterthesurgery...aspotonherlungs.”以及空前“Shehadanother”可知安娜进行了第二次手术，切除了肺部的斑点。故选D。]8．B[harder更难的；easier更容易的；stronger更强壮的；better更好的。根据前文“Annasaidwhenshewasfirstdiagnosedwithcancer，itfeltlikealearningstage.Thesecondtimearound，itwasalittle”可知在安娜看来第二次诊断出癌症就像学习第二遍知识一样，接受起来要比第一次容易。故选B。]9．D[solve解决；connect连接；abandon抛弃；balance平衡。根据空后“schoolworkandhospitallife”并结合安娜两次患癌且需定期检查可知安娜在这一过程中需要平衡学习和医院生活。故选D。]10．A[apply勤奋工作，努力学习；control控制；convince说服；forgive原谅。根据空后“herselfbecauseshewasoutofschoolforquiteawhile.NowshehasandhasstraightAs”可知因为身患癌症，安娜的学习落下了很多，所以她迫使自己努力学习。applyoneself“勤奋工作，努力学习”。故选A。]11．A[catchup赶上；holdback阻止；dropout辍学；blowup爆炸。根据空后“andhasstraightAs”可知安娜的成绩都是A，所以可以推断经过一番努力安娜终于赶上来了。故选A。]12．B[spare匀出；appreciate感激，重视；imagine想象；create创造。根据空后“everymoment，enjoyingtimewithhislovingdaughter”可知安娜与癌症作斗争的经历让父亲深受感动，所以父亲非常珍惜与女儿在一起的时光。故选B。]13．A[active积极的；graceful优雅的；dominant占支配地位的；cautious谨慎的。根据空前“Annaisdoingwellthesedaysthough.”以及空后“Alwayslivelifetothefullesteachday.”可知战胜癌症后的安娜在戏剧方面非常积极。故选A。]14．C[vacation假期；trust信任；treatment治疗，对待；duty责任。根据全文内容以及空后“youhavetokeepfighting”可知此处指的是安娜因为癌症必须接受治疗。故选C。]15．C[decline下降；suffer遭受；matter重要，有关系；wait等待。根据前文“You’reloved.Yourlife”可知在安娜看来我们都被爱着，我们的生命非常重要。故选C。]Ⅲ.1.Classically2.in3.havebination5.tomake6.until/ing/travelling9．yourself10.a作业50应用文写作＋读后续写Ⅰ.应用文写作(倡议书)(满分15分)(2024·河北保定一模)假定你是某国际学校的学生会主席李华。为提升你市的文化品位，你市正在开展“黄河文化带”的建设。请你代表学生会写一份倡议书，向全校学生发出倡议，为打造“黄河文化带”助力。内容包括：1．活动目的；2.倡议内容：清理活动，保护环境；3.活动意义。注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；2.请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。ACallforAssistanceinBuilding“theYellowRiverCulturalBelt”Dearfellowstudents，Yoursfaithfully，TheStudentCouncilⅡ.读后续写(满分25分)阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Two-ManIronmanOnSept.17,2022，Jeffandhisson，Johnny，setouttobeginthefirstofthreelegsoftheIronmancompetitioninCambridge，wherecompetitorsmustcompletea140-mileofswimming，bicyclingandrunninginunder17hours.Johnnywasbornwithcerebralpalsy(脑瘫)andcouldbarelywalkafewstepswiththehelpofarollingwalker.Buthisdreamofbeingarunnerneverstopped.DeterminedtoshowJohnnythathecouldpursuehisdreamofbeinganathlete，Jeffhelpedhimengageinrunning.Theybeganwakingupat4am，soJeffcouldrunwhilepushinghissoninaspecialwheelchaircalledaracingchair.Everymorning，theydrovethemselvestorunincreasinglylongerdistances.Soon，theywereentering5Kraces，thenontoIronmancompetition.Atfirst，JeffwouldactasJohnny’sarmsandlegs，carryingtheweightofhisson.Gradually，Johnnycouldevenrunafewmilesusingarollingwalker.Theracebeganwitha2.4-mileswimintheChoptankRiver.JeffhelpedJohnnyintoakayak(皮划艇)．Withoneendofaropetiedtoaharnessaroundhisbackandtheotherendtothekayak，Jeffeasedhimselfintothewater.Swimmingwhiledragginganotherpersonwastoughenough—Jeffalsohadtostrugglewithjellyfish.“IoccupiedmymindbycountingthenumberoftimesIgotstung(蛰)，”hesaid.Thepaircompletedtheswimin90minutes，anditwasontothenextleg：a112-milebicycleride.Theircustom-builtbikehasanextra-strongframeandanadditionalseatinthebackforJohnnythatfacesbackward，bettertocheeronothercompetitors.Aftercompletingthetoughbikesectioninroughlyninehours，theysettheirsightsonthefinallegoftherace—a26.2-milemarathonwithJeffpushingJohnnyintheracingchair.They’dbeencompetingfor10.5hours，leavinganother6.5hourstomaketheirtime.注意：1.续写词数应为150个左右；2.请按如下格式作答。ButatMile19，Jeffbegantopanic，convincedtheyweregoingtooslow.After16hours,55minutesand35seconds，fatherandsoncrossedthefinishlinetogether.答案精析Ⅰ.参考范文ACallforAssistanceinBuilding“theYellowRiverCulturalBelt”Dearfellowstudents，I’mdelightedtoannouncethatourcityisembarkingonaprojectcalled“theYellowRiverCulturalBelt”，withtheaimofenhancingtheculturaltasteofourcity.Today，I’dliketocalluponallofyoutolendyoursupportandparticipateinthissignificantendeavor.Asresponsiblestudents，wecanplayaroleinpromotingenvironmentalprotectionalongtheYellowRiver.Let’sorganizeclean-upcampaignsandraiseawarenessamongourpeersabouttheimportancethatweshouldmaintainacleanandhealthyenvironment.Together，wecanmaketheriverapicturesqueandinvitingplaceforlocalsandtouristsalike.Thankyouforyourattentionandsupport.Yoursfaithfully，TheStudentCouncilⅡ.参考范文ButatMile19，Jeffbegantopanic，convincedtheyweregoingtooslow.Somehowhefoundtheenergytopickupthepace，puffingandpanting.Spottingsweattricklingdownfromhisfather’swrinkledforehead，Johnnyofferedtorunonhisownwithhisrollingwalker.JeffstoppedtohelpJohnnyoutofhisracingchair，handingtherollingwalkertohisson.Afteryearsofpainstakingwork，Johnnyincreasedhisstepcountsandwasdeterminedtofinishhisracebyhimself.Johnnysawtheclocktickingdownandworriedtheywouldn’tmakethecut-off.However，withDad’sencouragingwordsechoinginmindconstantly，Johnnymanagedtocarryon.After16hours,55minutesand35seconds，fatherandsoncrossedthefinishlinetogether.AsthecrowdengulfedandcheeredonanoverwhelmedJohnny，awearyJeffkeptalowprofile.“Myfatherdidn’twanthisfinishlinemoment，”saidJohnny，tearsineyes.“Hewantedittobemine.Whathetaughtmeisthatit’smucheasiertotakeonlifeonestepatatimethanitistothinkaboutthehugetaskaheadofyou.”Smallstepsleadtobiggersteps.ToJohnny，thecompetitionrepresentedwhathiswholelifewithcerebralpalsyhadbeenabout：hardwork，dedication，optimism，anddetermination.作业51四选一阅读＋七选五阅读Ⅰ.四选一阅读(每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)A(2024·福建漳州三模)Ilovelearningaboutcustomsand①practicesinothercountries.Forthispost，IaskedallofmyfriendsintheMulticulturalKidBloggergrouptogivemetheirfavoritebirthdaytraditions!CHINAThemostspecialofthebirthdaytraditionsinChinaisforbabies.Newparentsgiveredeggs(anevennumber)tofriendsandfamilyforgoodluck.Commonpresentsincludefood，silverware，andmoneywrappedinredpaper.Onbirthdays，itiscommontoeatlongevitynoodles(长寿面)withoutbreakingthemforgoodlucktolivealonglife.ISRAELSometimeschildreninIsraelwearacrown(花冠)madefromleavesorflowersfortheirbirthday.Thebirthdaychildsitsinachair，andgetspickedupandraisedand②loweredthechaironetimeforeachyearofage，plusonemoreforgoodluck.Guestsatthebirthdaypartysinganddancearoundthechair.Atbirthdayparties，kidsoftenplaygames，suchasraceswithpotatoesonspoons.GHANAInGhana，oneofthemostcommonbirthdaytraditionsisthatkidsgettoeatotoforbreakfast：sweetpotatoesmixedwithonions，madeintopatties，andfriedwithhardboiledeggs.Laterintheday，Ghanaianssometimeshaveapartyforthechildwithstew，rice，andkelewele.Attheparty，girlsoftenliketoplayagamecalledampe.MEXICOMexicofamiliesloveparties，andcelebratebirthdaysengrande(盛大地)．The15thbirthday，quinceañeraisthemostimportant，formal，and③well-prepared.MexicansalwayssingLasMañanitastowakeupthechildontheirbirthdays.Whenthebirthdaygirlorboyblowsouttheircandles，guestscallforthemto④takeabiteofthecake(“mordida-mordida！”)andalwayspushtheirfaceintothefrosting.AMexicanbirthdaypartyalwayshasapiñatafilledwithlittletoysandcandies.1．WhatdoparentsbothinChinaandGhanadofortheirkids’birthdays?A．Offerthemaspecialfood.B．Givethemmoneyinredpapers.C．Playauniquegamewiththem.D．Makeaspecialclothingforthem.2．WhatdokidsinMexicogetfortheirbirthdays?A．Ablessingsong.B．Abeautifulcrown.C．Redeggs.D．Awonderfulbreakfast.3．Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A．Anoticeboard.B．Atravelguidebook.C．Awebsite.D．Ageographymagazine.语境猜词①practice熟义：n.实践；练习生义(文义)：②lower(转)adj.→v.③well-prepared(合)＝well＋prepared④takeabiteofB(2024·河北衡水模拟预测)Outofallfieldsofscience，physicshasareputationforbeingdifficulttothegeneralpublic.Ontopofcomplexformulas(公式)，theabstractconceptsthatmakeituparesometimessimplyhardtograsp.That’swhyprofessorTatianaErukhimovaworksalongsidetheteamofthePhysics&AstronomydepartmentatTexasA&MUniversity(TAMU)toproduceaseriesofvideosshowingreal-worldapplicationsofphysicsinafunand①insightfulwaythathasearnedherfansaroundtheworld.Notonlyaretheexplanationsineveryvideoeasytofollow，butErukhimova’senthusiasmiswhattrulykeepstheviewerengaged.Forexample，inonevideo，thecheerfulprofessorexplainsthephysicsofpressure.Todemonstratehowdistributingweightallows②seeminglyfragileobjectstocarryheavierloads，theteacherexcitedlystepsonatinyboardwithlightbulbsandthenproceedstoreplicate(复制)theexperimentwitheggs—untilittakesanunexpectedturn.Erukhimova’suniqueteachingmethodcomesfromherhopetogetstudentsinterestedthrough③demonstrativeclasses.“Yougetthis‘wowfactor’andthenit’seasiertofindresonance(共鸣)，”shesaid.“IlikewhatIteach，andItrytosharemyexcitementwiththem.”Borntophysicistparents，Erukhimovahashadaunique④attachmenttothefieldsinceshewasverylittle.“Mypassionforphysicsisjustinmygenes，andIcannotimaginemylifewithoutphysics，”sheexplained.AfterbeingofferedapositionatTexasA&Malmost25yearsago，ErukhimovamovedfromRussiatoTexas.Sincethen，shehaswonoverbothuniversitystudentsandcasualviewerswithherparticularwayofexplainingscience.Whilesheisawarethatpeoplemaynotlearnalotfromwatchingashortvideo，gettingtheminterestedandcuriousaboutlearningmoreisallworthit.4．Whydoesphysicsseemdifficulttothegeneralpublic?A．Ithasmanyformulas.B．It’sboringanduseless.C．Itsconceptsareabstract.D．Accesstoeducationalresourcesislimited.5．WhatmakesErukhimova’svideospopular?A．Herfamilybackground.B．Herrespectforherstudents.C．Hervividlanguageandpersonality.D．Herenthusiasmandteachingmethod.6．WhatdoesErukhimovahopetoachievethroughherdemonstrativeclasses?A．Winningovercasualviewersandfans.B．Gettingstudentsinterestedinphysics.C．Sharingherexcitementaboutphysics.D．Improvingstudents’academicperformance.7．WhatcanbelearnedaboutErukhimova?A．Shehasmanyhobbies.B．Sheisafamousscientist.C．Sheisdevotedtoherjob.D．Sheearnsaveryhighsalary.语境猜词①insightful(派)＝insight＋ful②seemingly(派)＝seeming＋ly③demonstrative(派)＝demonstrat(e)＋ive④attachment(派)＝attach＋mentC(2024·福建泉州二模)Whendeliveringmedicationstopatients，oneofthemosteffectivemethodsisdirectinjection(注射)intothe①bloodstreamusinganeedle.Butthiscanbeanuncomfortableexperience，especiallyforkidsoradultswithafearofneedles.Whilepatientsdohavetheoptiontotakeoralpillsinstead，drugscontaininglargemolecules(分子)arenotabsorbedeffectivelythisway.Now，inspiredbyoctopussuckers(章鱼吸盘)，researchersfromChinaandSwitzerlandhavedesigneda②needle-freealternative:atiny，drug-filled，cup-likepatch(贴片)thatstickstotheinsideofthecheeks.Thedeviceiseasilyaccessible，anditcanberemovedatanytimeandthedruggetsabsorbedthroughtheliningoftheinnercheek，theteamreportsinapaperinScienceTranslationalMedicine.Totestthedesign，theteam3Dprintedthesuckers.Theyloadedeachwiththedrugandstucktheminsidethecheeksofthreebeagles，akindofdogwhichhasasimilarinnercheekliningtohumans.Forcomparison，theyalsodeliveredthedrugtobeaglesviaapill.Afterthreehours，theteamfoundthatdrugblood③concentrationsindogswiththepatchweremorethan150timeshigherthaninthedogsthattookatablet.Theyalsofoundpatchesworkedeffectivelyfordrugswithlargemolecules.40healthyhumanvolunteersself-appliedwater-filledpatchestoseehowwelltheywouldstayonwhiletalkingandmovingtheirmouths.After30minutes，onlyfiveofthe40patcheshadfallenoff，whichwasbecauseofimproper④placement.Mostvolunteerssaidtheywouldpreferapatchoverinjectionsfordailyapplications.Still，theteamonlytestedthepatchforashorttimesotheywouldneedtofindoutwhatwouldhappenifitwasusedrepeatedly.They’dalsoneedtodeterminewhichdrugswouldworkwiththetechnology:thetargetislargemolecules，suchasthoseusedtotreatobesityorosteoporosis，buttheycan’tbetoolargetofitinthecup.8．Whydotheresearchersdevelopthepatch?A．Tohelppatientsovercomethefearofneedles.B．Toenablekidstoswallowtabletssmoothly.C．Toofferabetterwayofdrugdelivery.D．Toguaranteetheefficiencyoforalpills.9．Whatdoestheresearchondogsprove?A．Itistechnologicallypossibleto3Dprintthepatches.B．Thecheekliningofdogsissimilartothatofhumans.C．Patchesfalleasilywiththeirmouthmovement.D．Drugsareabsorbedbetterthroughpatchesthanpills.10．Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribethedevice?A．Innovativeandprofitable.B．Effectiveanduser-friendly.C．Affordableandaccessible.D．Flexibleandlong-lasting.11．Whatdoesthelastparagraphstress?A．Therelatedissuestobesolved.B．Theriskofusingpatchesrepeatedly.C．Thewaytoidentitylargemolecules.D．Thetroubleofimprovingthetechnology.语境猜词①bloodstream(合)＝blood＋stream②needle-free(合)＝needle-free③concentration(派)＝concentrate＋ion④placement(派)＝place＋mentD(2024·江苏南通三模)Psychologistshavelongbeenindisagreementastowhethercompetitionisalearnedora①geneticcomponentofhumanbehavior.Whateveritis，youcannotbutrecognizetheeffectcompetitionhasonacademicsandmanyotherareasofcontemporarylife.Psychologicallyspeaking，competitionhasbeenseenasan②unavoidableconsequenceofhumandrives.AccordingtoSigmundFreud，humansarebornscreamingforattentionandfulloforganicdrivesforfulfillmentinvariousareas.Initially，wecompetefortheattentionofourparents.Currentworkinanthropology(人类学)hassuggested，however，thatthisviewoftheroleofcompetitioninhumanbehaviormaybeafallacy.ThomasHobbes，oneofthegreatphilosophersoftheseventeenthcentury，isperhapsbestrememberedforhis③characterizationofthe“naturalworld”，thatis，theworldbeforetheintroductionofthewillofhumanity，asbeingunpleasantandshort.Thisopinionisstillwidelyheld，reinforcedbyCharlesDarwin’shighlyinfluentialwork，TheOriginofSpecies，whichestablishedthedoctrine(学说)ofnaturalselection.Darwin’stheoryhasevenbeensummarizedas“survivalofthefittest”—aphraseDarwinhimselfneverused—furtherhighlightingcompetition’sroleinsuccess.Asithasoftenbeenpointedout，however，thereisnothingintheconceptofnaturalselectionthatsuggeststhatcompetitionisthemostsuccessfulstrategyfor“survivalofthefittest”．DarwinsaidinTheOriginofSpeciesthatthestruggleshewasdescribingshouldbeviewedasmetaphorsandcouldn’tbeseparatedfromdependenceandcooperation.Manystudieshavebeenconductedtotesttheimportanceplacedoncompetitionratherthanothervalues，suchascooperation，andgenerallyconcludethatAmericansuniquelypraisecompetitionasnatural，unavoidable，anddesirable.In1937，the④world-renownedanthropologistMargaretMeadpublishedCooperationandCompetitionAmongPrimitivePeoples，basedonherstudiesofseveralsocietiesthatdidnotprizecompetition，and，infact，seemedattimestoplaceanegativevalueonit.OnesuchsocietywastheZuniIndiansofArizona，andthey，Meadfound，valuedcooperationfarmorethancompetition.Afterstudyingdozensofsuchcultures，Mead’sfinalconclusionwasthatcompetitivenessisaculturallycreatedaspectofhumanbehavior，andthatitspopularityinaparticularsocietyisrelativetohowthatsocietyvaluesit.12．Whatdoestheauthorthinkiscommonlyseeninmanyareasofcontemporarylife?A．Theinfluenceofcompetition.B．Theoriginofhumandrive.C．Thereasonsforhumanbehaviour.D．Thedisagreementoncompetition.13．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“afallacy”inthethirdparagraphmean?A．Afalseidea.B．Ahardnut.C．Alosingbattle.D．Amixedblessing.14．WhatcanwelearnfromDarwin’swordsinTheOriginofSpecies?A．Allspeciesdependonothersforsurvival.B．Thestrongestspeciesprovestobethefittest.C．Strugglesforsurvivalincludesupportofeachother.D．Competitionislookedonasthebestsurvivalstrategy.15．WhatconclusiondidMargaretMeadreach?A．Itischaracteristicofhumanstobecompetitive.B．Americansareuniquelyopposedtocooperation.C．CompetitionisrelativelymorepopularinWesternsocieties.D．