非谓语动词课件高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

一个句子（以句号为标志），在没有并列连词（并列句）、从属连词（主从复合句）的基础上，有且仅有一个谓语动词，体现该句子的时态和语态。非谓语动词的概念在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词它不受人称和数的限制1.非谓语的分类及含义2.非谓语的形式。3.后接不定式的动词；4.think/make/feel/find/consider/believeit+todo5.疑问词+todo6.onlytodo表示没有预料到或事与愿违的结果7.后接动名词的动词或动介短语和句型。8.既可接不定式又可接动名词但含义不同的词。9.分词doing和done的使用情况。

非谓语要点非谓语动词1.不定式todo(目的；将来)2.现在分词doing(主动；进行)3.

过去分词

done

(被动；完成)非谓语动词的形式及句法功能种类时态主动被动主语宾语宾补表语定语状语不定式一般式进行式完成式动名词一般式完成式分词现在一般式完成式过去一般式todotobedonetobedoing×tohavedonetohavebeendonedoingbeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendonedoingbeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendonedone(vi.)表完成done(vt.)表被动与完成√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√××××××1.非谓语动词作状语(1)不定式作状语①表示目的Heransofastastocatchthefirstbus.②不定式作结果状语表示出乎意料的结果，动词不定式前常加only。Georgehurriededtothestation,onlytobetoldthathistrainhadjustleft.③too...to...结构，too修饰形容词或副词，不定式表示否定含义。

onlytoo...to...或否定词+too...to...结构，不定式表示肯定含义。Theboxistooheavyformetocarry.箱子太沉，我搬不动。Iamonlytoopleasedtohelpyou.能帮助您，我感到十分荣幸！Wearenevertoooldtolearn.活到老，学到老。④enoughto...结构，enough后置修饰形容词或副词，意思是“足以……”。Theboyisoldenoughtogotoschool.孩子这么大了，该上学了。⑤不定式有些约定俗成的说法，可以用作独立状语，主要有：totellthetruth/tobehonest说实话tocutalongstoryshort长话短说tomakemattersworse更糟糕的tobesure可以肯定的是tobefrank坦率地说(2)现在分词作状语①一般式doing，表示动作和谓语动词几乎同时发生，与句子的主语是主动关系。

Walkinginthestreet,Icaughtsightofatailor’sshop.(主动关系)②完成式havingdone，表示动作发生在谓语动作之前，与句子主语是主动关系。Nothavingcompletedtheprogramme,theyhavetostayedthereforanothertwoweeks.③被动式havingbeendone，表示动作发生在谓语动作之前，与句子的主语是被动关系。Havingbeenaskedtoworkovertimethatevening,Imissedawonderfulfilm.(3)过去分词作状语过去分词作状语时，与句子主语之间是被动关系或逻辑上的动宾关系。

Seenfromthemoon,theearthlooksgreen.

Satisfiedwithwhathedid,theteacherpraisedhiminclass.

Comparedwithyou,Istillhavealongwaytogo.

Explainedahundredtimes,hestillcan’tunderstandit.

Thecupfelldowntotheground,broken

intopieces.时间状语原因状语条件状语让步状语结果状语2.非谓语动词作定语(1)现在分词作定语现在分词主动形式(短语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，表示该动作的主动和进行；现在分词被动形式(补语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的动宾关系，表示该动作的被动和进行。TheSlowMovementisatermthatdescribesawiderangeofeffortstakingplacearoundtheworld.Thisisoneoftheexperimentsbeingcarriedoutinourcountry.(2)不定式作定语不定式作定语表示未做的事情。Hisfirstnoveltobepublishednextmonthisbasedonalovestory.不定式作定语的特殊用法：①下列词语后常接不定式作定语：chance,courage,promise,opportunity,way,dream,thefirst,thesecond,thelast,theonly等。

ThenexttraintoarriveisfromWashingtonD.C.②不定式作定语和所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系。Unluckily,insuchabigfamily,thereisnoonetolookafterher.③不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系。Sheisalwayslookingforacheaproomtolivein.(3)过去分词作定语过去分词(短语)作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有被动关系，表示该动作的被动或完成。相当于一个含有被动形式的定语从句。Thiswillbethebestnovelofitskindeverwritten(=thathaseverbeenwritten).Whoweretheso-calledguestsinvited(=whohadbeeninvited)toyourpartylastnight?注意：表示心理状态的动词-ing形式，意为“令人……的”；动词-ed形式，意为“人感到……的”，也可修饰体现内心感受的look，expression,tears,smile,voice等名词。3.非谓语动词作宾语(1)动词不定式做宾语动词agree,offer,intend,plan,demand,ask,promise,help,prepare,decide,refuse,dare,choose,wish,hope,want,expect,fail,pretend,manage,determine等后面+todosth.Davidrefusedtoacceptmyinvitationtotheconcert.

注意：下列单词或短语后可接“疑问词＋不定式”作宾语：teach,decide,wonder,show,learn,forget,ask,findout,advise,discuss，know等。

Sorry,Ireallydon’tknowwhattodowiththiskindofmatter.(2)动名词做宾语①admit,appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,dislike,enjoy,escape,finish,imagine,keep,mind,miss,practise,risk,resist,suggest等后要+doing.Billsuggestedholdingameetingduringthevactation.

②动词短语can’tstand,giveup,feellike,keepon,insiston,lookforwardto,putoff,bedevotedto,objectto,bebusy(in),getdownto,havedifficulty/trouble(in),haveagood/wonderful/hardtime(in),havefun等后要+doing.Ihadgreatdifficulty(in)findingthesuitablefoodwe’dliketoeat.Thestudentsarebusy(in)preparingthemid-termexamination.注意：动词后面只能接动名词做宾语的顺口溜：建议完成多练习(suggest,advise,finish,practice)，避免错过少延期(avoid,miss,delay)，承认喜欢和原谅(admit,enjoy,like,

love,forgive,

excuse,

pardon)，允许想象需欣赏(allow,imagine,appreciate)，反对逃脱与冒险(mind,escape,risk)，考虑抵制要继续(consider,resist,keep)，厌倦拖延别放弃(betiredof,putoff,giveup)，期望坚持定成功(lookforwardto,

insiston,stickto,

succeedin)。

Haveyoufinishedcleaningthewindows?窗子擦好了吗？

Wouldyoumindshuttingthedoor?劳驾把门关上行吗？

Ienjoyedworkingtherebecauseofthegoodpay.我在那里工作很高兴，待遇不错。【注意】want,require,need表“需要”讲，后用不定式时，要用其被动形式；用动名词时，用其主动形式(表被动意义)。Theoldhouserequiredtoberepaired.Theoldhouserequiredrepairing.4.非谓语动词作主语(1)动名词作主语

WatchingTVtoolongdoesharmtooureyes.Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.(动名词短语作主语，it作形式主语)It’snogoodsmoking,you’dbettergiveitup.(2)不定式作主语

Toseeistobelieve.＝Seeingisbelieving.

Toloveandtobelovedisthegreatesthappinessintheworld.Itisveryenjoyabletoswimwithyou.(不定式短语作主语，it作形式主语)5.非谓语动词作宾补(1)现在分词和过去分词作宾补的区别①现在分词作宾补的两大特征：一是宾语与现在分词有主谓关系；二是多是一些感官动词(短语)后，现在分词所表示的动作正在进行。可接现在分词作宾补的动词(短语)常见的有：have,see,hear,find,get,leave,notice,watch,keep,start,set,catch,smell,feel,send,listento,lookat等。Shenoticedthemanlookingatheracoupleoftimes.Hediscoveredhersittingnearthefire,readingabook.Justlookattheheavyrainpouringdown.IheardanEnglishsongbeingsungbyalittlegirlwhenIpassedbyherroomyesterday.(被动，正在进行)②过去分词作宾补的两大特征：一是及物动词的过去分词作宾补与宾语有动宾关系；二是不及物动词的过去分词作宾补与宾语有主谓关系，多用来表示动作已完成。可接过去分词作宾补的动词有：have,see,hear,find,leave,want,make等。Inthemorningpeoplewokeupandfoundtheworldoutsidetheirhousescompletelychanged.Manytownsandvillageshadtheirwatersupplycutoffbecausetherewasnoelectricity.ThreefamousparksinandaroundLondonhadover1,400treesblownover.Lateronthecenterhadalargenumberofnewtreesplanted.(2)不定式作补语①接带to的不定式作宾补，此类动词(短语)有：advise,allow,ask,command,encourage,expect,forbid,force,invite,remind,order,permit,persuade,request,tell,want,warn,wish,callon,dependon/upon,waitfor等。Theyforbadehertoleavethecountryalone.Pleaseremindmenottobelatefortheimportantmeeting.We’realllongingforthenewsummerholidaytobegin.②接不带to的不定式作宾补的动词(短语)有：make,have,let等使役动词see,watch,notice,observe,lookat,feel,hear,listento等感官动词。如果这些动词或短语用于被动语态，则to不可省略。动词help后的不定式符号to可以省略，也可以保留。Letthoseinneedunderstandthatwewillgoallouttohelpthem.Shewasseentoenterthemanager’sofficetenminutesago.(3)with复合结构（with＋宾语＋宾补）with复合结构主要用来说明附带情况或具体细节。①在句中作状语，表示条件、原因、时间、方式或伴随情况等，可以和相应的状语从句转换。②用作定语，相当于一个定语从句，修饰前面的名词。(1)with+宾语+形容词/副词/介词短语;(2)with+宾语+doing(表主动、进行);(3)with+宾语+done(表被动、完成);(4)with+宾语+todo(表未做)。(1)with+名词+形容词

如:Beforehecamehere,myfatherusedtosleepwithhiseyesopen.我父亲来这儿之前,常常睁着眼睛睡觉。(表示伴随情况)(2)with+名词+介词短语

如:Theteachercameintotheclassroomwithabookinhishand.老师手里拿着本书走进了教室。(表示伴随情况)(3)with+名词+现在分词

如:Withhousepricesgoingupsofast,wecan’tevenaffordasecond-handhouse.由于房价上涨很快,我们甚至连一套二手房都买不起。(表示原因)(4)with+名词+过去分词

如:Hestoodforaninstantwithhishandstillraised.他站了片刻,手仍然举着。(表示被动完成的动作)(5)with+名词+不定式

如:Thekidfeelsexcitedwithsomanyplacesofinteresttovisit.

有这么多的名胜可参观,这个小孩感到很激动。(表示将来的动作)6.非谓语动词作表语(1)动名词作表语时，说明主语的内容。Herjobiswashing,cleaningandtakingcareofthechildren.(2)不定式作表语时，说明主语尚未发生的动作，或表示将来的动作。HisbiggestambitionistogotoHarvardUniversity.Thenextstepistomakesurethatyouknowexactlywhatisrequired.注意：现在分词或过去分词作表语时，通常为分词化的形容词。书面表达中非谓语动词易错点聚焦1.缺少非谓语动词的主动与被动意识Allofusthoughtitwrongforhertopunish.

Allofusthoughtitwrongforhertobepunished.Themanlayonhisback,withhiswholebodyburyinginthesand.

Themanlayonhisback,withhis

wholebodyburiedinthesand.(正)(误)(误)(正)2.缺少搭配意识

WouldyoupleasestoptowatchTV?Youhavewatcheditfortoolong.WouldyoupleasestopwatchingTV?Youhavewatcheditfortoolong.Youroldbicycleneedstorepair.

Youroldbicycleneedsrepairing.Youroldbicycleneedstoberepaired.(误)(正)(误)(正)(正)3.缺少前后主语一致意识

Beforehandinginyourtestpaper,itisnecessarytogooverthewholepaper.

Beforehandinginyourtestpaper,youshouldgooverthewholepaper.

Beforeyouhandinyourtestpaper,youshouldgooverthewholepaper.(误)(正)(正)4.缺少结构意识

Timepermits,

climbingthemountainisagoodchoice.

Timepermitting,

climbingthemountainisagoodchoice.

Iftimepermits,climbingthemountainisagoodchoice.

Havingnotbeeninthecitylong,

Iwasstillastrangerthere.

Nothavingbeeninthecitylong,

Iwasstillastrangerthere.AsIhaven’tbeeninthecitylong,

Iwasstillastrangerthere.(误)(误)(正)(正)(正)(正)考点集训Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Havingbeenwarnedofdangerinthestreetatnight,shehadtogohome,withafriend__________(follow)her.解析：考查“with+复合宾语”结构。afriend与follow之间是主动关系。应该用现在分词。故填following。2.Michaelneverdreamtoftherebeingachanceforhim__________(send)abroadverysoon.解析：考查不定式被动形式。forsb.todo...是一个固定结构。另外，him和send是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示“被派往国外”。故填tobesent。tobesentfollowing3.Farmlandisgettinglost

quickly,sotheyareconsidering________(start)aprogrammetosolvetheproblem.

解析：考查动名词。consider后面可以接两种形式，consider

+sb.todo/tobe...和consider+doing...。这里考查第二种用法。故填starting。4.Whichdoyouenjoy_________(spend)yourholiday,goingabroadorstayingathome?解析：考查动词不定式。enjoy的宾语是which，即在goingabroad与stayingathome中作出选择；tospendyourholiday用作目的状语。故填tospend。startingtospend5.Thisproblemisfarfrom____________(settle),soithastobediscussedagainattomorrow’smeeting.解析：考查动名词做介词宾语。介词from后应用动词的-ing形式，且settle与problem之间存在着被动关系，故填beingsettled。6.WhatisthewayGeorgethoughtof_______(get)enoughmoneytobuythe

house?解析：考查动词不定式。Georgethoughtof是修饰way的定语从句，可以去掉，也可以当作插入语来对待，该句可变为Whatistheway____(get)enoughmoneytobuythe

house?way后面可用todo或ofdoing...做后置定语。故填toget。beingsettledtoget9.

Theyreallyhaveagreattimetoo,__________

(design)everything,drawingtheblueprints,figuringouttheanglesandsoon.解析：考查动名词做介词宾语。havea(good/great)time(in)doing...意为“在......玩得很高兴”。因此应用动名词形式，也可以根据后面的两个-ing形式来判断。故填designing。10.Davidapologizedforhisnotbeingable__________(inform)meofthechangeintheplan.解析：考查动词不定式。beabletodo...是一个固定搭配，意为“能够做......”。故填toinform。designingtoinform13._____________(save)alittlemoney,Janewasabletobuyhermotheralovelynewwatch.解析：考查现在分词充当原因状语。save这一动作发生在主句动作之前,且动作发出者为主句的主语Jane，和是逻辑上的主谓关系。故填Havingsaved。14.Wesawnewhouses__________(build)whereverwewentonourvisit.解析：考查非谓语动词充当宾语补足语。过去分词表示被动和完成，-ing形式表示正在进行；句意：不管我们到哪儿参观，都看到新房子正在建设，且build与houses存在被动关系，应该用现在分词被动形式。故填beingbuilt。HavingsavedbeingbuiltII.语法填空(非谓语动词专练)

Generallyspeaking,itisthefamily,nottheschool,thatplaystheprimaryrolein_________(educate)childrenforlife.Parentsareexamplesofchildrenandchildrenaretheappleofparents.Parentsmustlearn_______(lead)byexample,butitdoesn’tcallforperfectionbyanymeans.Thereisnogood______(use)toomanywords.Thelessonsthatyouteachyourchildrenby______(do)thingstherightwayintheirpresencearefarmorelonglasting.Parentsshouldencouragechildren_________(admit)whentheymakemistakes.Childrenmustlearntobehavethemselves:theyapologizeandaregratefulfor_________(accept)others’help,andlearntosayplease,thank-youorexcusemeoft