高三英语二轮复习完形填空课件

高考英语专题复习

完形填空解题技巧指导

—记叙文OverallConstruction【LearningObjectives】1.FigureoutthecharacteristicsofclozeandhowitistestedintheNCEEbyreadingandanalyzingthefollowinginstructions.2.Explorethemethodsandstrategiesfordoingclozebydiscussionandcooperation.Improveyourreadingskillsandapplythemintopractice.什么是完型？看到完形的感觉

1、生命本是一场漂泊的漫旅,遇见了谁都是一个美丽的意外。我珍惜着每一个可以让我称做朋友的人,因为那是可以让漂泊的心驻足的地方。有时候会被一句话感动,因为真诚;有时候会为一首歌流泪,因为......生命本是═┳︻┣一旅,遇见‰了谁☻都ˇ▽ˇ

是一个。我珍♦惜着每一个可以让我░▒▬♦称做朋友的♦▌人,漂泊的◦☼♠♣心驻足的地方。有ˇ△ˇ话感动,因░▒▬♦为真诚;有::======>>时候▀▄█会为一首歌☼▐◊▣▤▥

流泪,因为..完型考什么1）词语辨析能力2）语法结构分析能力3）语篇理解能力4）逻辑推理能力5）文化背景透析能力6）生活常识综合运用能力…完形填空真题多维细目表动词名词形容词副词代词冠词介词(短语)连词语言材料词数体裁主题语境及内容2023

新高考Ⅰ卷58200000227记叙文人与自我：做人与做事新高考Ⅱ卷73410000209记叙文人与社会：社会服务全国甲卷87600010240记叙文人与社会：人际关系全国乙卷122410010243记叙文人与自我：生活与学习2022新高考Ⅰ卷55310010236记叙文人与自我：生活与学习新高考Ⅱ卷47310000188记叙文人与自我：生活与学习全国甲卷87220010280记叙文人与社会：人际沟通全国乙卷77420000251说明文人与自我：生活与学习2021新高考Ⅰ卷94200000216记叙文人与自我：生活与学习新高考Ⅱ卷77100000209记叙文人与自我：做人与做事全国甲卷105410000300记叙文人与自我：做人与做事全国乙卷10712000(感叹词)252夹议夹叙人与社会：社会服务与人际沟通2020山东卷57210000224记叙文人与自然：环境保护全国Ⅰ68320010256夹叙夹议人与自我：完善自我全国Ⅱ114320000300记叙文人与社会：文化遗产全国Ⅲ83610020297夹叙夹议人与社会：良好的人际关系与社会关系考纲要求及命题规律

着重考查考生的语篇理解能力，记叙文因其具备完整的故事情节和深刻的教育意义而能体现考生的这种能力。命题规律1.记叙文完形填空可分为记事和记人两种形式，记叙时间、地点、人物和事件等。2.文章首词一般不设空，以情景意义考查为主，虚词为辅，即介词、连词、代词为辅，几乎不涉及情态动词与冠词。OverallConstructionExplorehowtodonarrationclozewithcommentsbyreadingandfishingthe5passageschosenfromNCEE.Requirements:1.Finishthe5passagesin45minutes.2.Skimthepassageasawholeandgetthemainidea,andfindthecluesinthecontext.研真题，抓线索1.（2023全国乙卷）“I’mgoingtoinspiresomanypeople,”shesaid.“I’mreadyto60.”Andshineshedid.A.shineB.flyC.danceD.score2.（2023新课标2）TheyhadtomovetoVirginiabuttheywereonaverytight41.Theycouldnotaffordtopayfortransportationfortheirdog,Tiffy.A.turnB.budgetC.scheduleD.connection原词复现近义词复现3.(课标卷）Aftergivingshoutsofwildlywrongguessestheproffessorsmiledathin,drysmile,announcedthe____answer.A.readyB.possibleC.correctD.difficult反义词复现研真题，抓线索1.（2023全国乙卷）“I’mgoingtoinspiresomanypeople,”shesaid.“I’mreadyto60.”Andshineshedid.A.shineB.flyC.danceD.score2.（2023新课标2）TheyhadtomovetoVirginiabuttheywereonaverytight41.Theycouldnotaffordtopayfortransportationfortheirdog,Tiffy.A.turnB.budgetC.scheduleD.connection3.(课标卷）Aftergivingshoutsofwildlywrongguessestheproffessorsmiledathin,drysmile,announcedthe____answer.A.readyB.possibleC.correctD.difficult原词复现近义词复现反义词复现研真题，抓线索词汇复现LexicalRepetition研真题，抓线索4.（2019全国卷3）Weseetheskyisblue,butdowninthevalleyit’sdark—it’slikeona44day.A.cloudyB.normalC.differentD.warm5.（2023全国甲卷）Mariowinemayhavebeencloudyandcomeoutofanoldbottle,butitwas57A.perfectB.usefulC.convenientD.familiar6.(2023全国乙卷）TheChinesecoachtransformedDouglasintooneofthebestgymnastintheworld,helpingherskyrocketfroman54memberofthenationalteamtothetopofthesport.A.amateurB.electedC.averageD.enthusiastic7.（学考说明）Hehadtoleavehomeandwas9toliveinanothercountry.A.volunteeredB.forcedC.invitedD.requested8.(学考说明）Oneday.hesuggestedthatwetakeupanoutdoorsport.Iwasanuncoordinated(动作不协调的人）.SoI________hisidea.A.opposedB.supportedC.highlightedD.understood研真题，抓线索4.（2019全国卷3）Weseetheskyisblue,butdowninthevalleyit’sdark—it’slikeona44day.A.cloudyB.normalC.differentD.warm5.（2023全国甲卷）Mariowinemayhavebeencloudyandcomeoutofanoldbottle,butitwas57A.perfectB.usefulC.convenientD.familiar并列关系转折关系逻辑关系LogicalRelation6.(2023全国乙卷）TheChinesecoachtransformedDouglasintooneofthebestgymnastintheworld,helpingherskyrocketfroman54memberofthenationalteamtothetopofthesport.A.amateurB.electedC.averageD.enthusiastic7.（学考说明）Hehadtoleavehomeandwas9toliveinanothercountry.A.volunteeredB.forcedC.invitedD.requested对比关系递进关系近义词复现研真题，抓线索逻辑关系LogicalRelation8.(学考说明）Oneday,hesuggestedthatwetakeupanoutdoorsport.Iwasanuncoordinated(动作不协调的人）.SoI________hisidea.A.opposedB.supportedC.highlightedD.understood因果关系研真题，抓线索逻辑关系LogicalRelation

莫非这就是当年新平一中2025届理科年级第一无人超越号称一枝梨花压海棠的学霸小哥的好朋友全班搞笑大王的同桌小明跟他背过书的小组长曾经读过的那

37

A．剧本B．电影

C．广场舞D．烧烤

9.（2023全国甲卷）Nowadayssupermarket

tomatoes54perfectbuttasteofwater.A.smellB.lookC.becomeD.work研真题，抓线索篇章语境

Darioandhismotherlovedtheirnewapartment.Thelivingroomwaslargeenoughfortheirpiano.Thatnight,thetwoofthem1sidebysideatthepiano.Theyplayedjazzmusictocelebratetheirnewhome.Theloud2filledtheroomandmadethemfeelveryhappy.1.A.satB.stoodC.layD.walked2.A.voiceB.ringC.musicD.cry下文信息上文信息篇章语境Contextcluelexicalrepetitionlogicalrelationcontext并列关系转折关系递进关系对比关系因果关系根据上文信息根据下文信息根据上下文信息原词复现同义词复现反义词复现技巧总结考题重现1.What’sthetopicofthearticle?人与自我人与社会人与自然2.Whoisthemaincharacterofthearticle?Amotherofthethree考题再现，策略分析AmotherofthreeinCowdenbeath,Scotland,wasawardedforwhatshedidinthemiddleofasnowstormlastweek.CharleneLesliewas41.headingtoalocalshopforsomefoodwithhertwokidswhenshesawatruckfullofmilk42.strugglingtoclimbahillinahighstreet.“Itsfrontwheelswerespinning(旋转)onthe43.icyroad,anditwasstuckinthesnow.Myneighborappeared,soIaskedherto44.watchthekidswhileIpusheditfromtheback.“45.Finallyitgotsafelytothetop,Charlenerecalled.Thenhergooddeed46.deedpaidoff.AfterthevideoofCharlenepushingthetruckupahill47.hittheInternet,the48.impressedviewersnicknamedher“WonderWoman”.TheFamilyDairy,theownerofthedeliveringtruck,also49.praisedherheroicacts.“Thelady’s50.intentionwasincrediblykind.Whata51.blessingshewastoourcompany!Charleneandherfamilywillreceiveayear’s52.supplyoffreemilk,”theChairmanofthecompanytoldalocalnewspaper.“Isimplybelievethatitisyour53.dutytohelpothersiftheyareintrouble.Ireallydidn’thelpouttogetanything54.inreturn,butIamabsolutelydelightedattheirgenerous55.offer,”themotherlaughed.考题再现，策略分析AmotherofthreeinCowdenbeath,Scotland,wasawardedforwhatshedidinthemiddleofasnowstormlastweek.CharleneLesliewas41.headingtoalocalshopforsomefoodwithhertwokidswhenshesawatruckfullofmilk42.strugglingtoclimbahillinahighstreet.“Itsfrontwheelswerespinning(旋转)onthe43.icyroad,anditwasstuckinthesnow.Myneighborappeared,soIaskedherto44.watchthekidswhileIpusheditfromtheback.“45.Finallyitgotsafelytothetop,Charlenerecalled.LexicalrepetitionLogicalrelationContextContextContextLexicalrepetitionLogicalrelationContextLogicalrelationLogicalrelationThenhergood46.deedpiadoff.AfterthevideoofCharlenepushingthetruckupahill47.hittheInternet,the48.impressedviewersnicknamedher“WonderWoman”.TheFamilyDairy,theownerofthedeliveringtruck,also49.praisedherheroicacts.“Thelady’s50.intentionwasincrediblykind.Whata51.blessingshewastoourcompany!Charleneandherfamilywillreceiveayear’s52.supplyoffreemilk,”theChairmanofthecompanytoldalocalnewspaper.“Isimplybelievethatitisyour53.dutytohelpothersiftheyareintrouble.Ireallydidn’thelpouttogetanything54.inreturn,butIamabsolutelydelightedattheirgenerous55.offer,”themotherlaughed.考题再现，策略分析ContextLexicalrepetitionLogicalrelationContextContextContextLogicalrelationContextContextContextContextLexicalrepetitionLexicalrepetitionContextcluelexicalrepetitionlogicalrelationcontext并列关系43转折关系递进关系45对比关系44因果关系根据上文信息46、49、54根据下文信息41、42、44、47、48、50、52、53根据上下文信息51原词复现同义词复现43、52、55反义词复现依线索，练习题词汇复现逻辑关系篇章语境I’mstandinginaclassofwild14-year-oldgirlsastheythrowpaperandhowl(大声叫喊)withlaughter.Theywon’tlistentome.Ineverwantedto1.Iwantedtobeawriter.ButwhenlarrivedinLondon.Theywereshortofteachers.Myeffortsatteachingwerehopeless.Whenthebellfinally

2，Irushedtothestaffroom,redwithanger.Theotherteachersweren’t3.“That’s4B,theworstclassinschool,”ButIcouldn’tgiveup.I4formallessons.Instead,Ibroughttopicforclassdiscussion.Oneoftheliveliesttalkswasabouttheargumentstheyhadwiththeir5.Theypaidattentionandwere6tosharedabouttheirfamilylives.ThenIhadthemwriteaboutthemselves.Astimewenton.theiressaysbecamea7betweenus.ladmiredtheirhumor,toughnessandeagerness,andIthinktheyappreciatemyinterestintheirlives.ThemusicalMyFairLadywasplayingintheWestEndandIaskedifthey’dliketoseethe8.TheythoughtIwasjokinganddidnottakeitseriously9noteacherhadeversuggestedtakingthemout.Afewweekslater,4BandIwere10intheater.Theylovedthemusicalandthecharacters.Neartheendofthesemester,twomostrebellious(叛逆的)withflowerswasknockingonmydoor.Iwas11toknowIhadtouchedtheirheartsandmadeadifferencetotheirlives,buttheyhadalso12myheart.Ienjoyedteachingandgettingalongwith13WhenIreturnedtoAustraliaseveralyearslater.Istill14tobeawriter.Teachingwasn’ttheendofmywritingcareer:itwasthe15.

1.A.guideB.performC.teachD.explore2.A.rangB.brokeC.stoleD.fell3.A.impressedB.surprisedC.annoyedD.delighted4.A.recommendationB.advancedC.registeredD.quitted5.A.classmatesB.parentsC.friendsD.teachers6.A.worriedB.unwillingC.fluentD.eager7.A.secretB.challengeC.bridgeD.adventure8.A.musicalB.newspaperC.bookD.sea9.A.sineB.soC.butD.and10.A.workingB.playingC.actingD.sitting11.A.anxiousB.curiousC.proudD.confused12.A.hitB.hurtC.protectD.touched13.A.actorsB.teenagersC.teachersD.writers14.A.stressedB.intendedC.doubtedD.exchanged15.A.beginningB.endingC.warningD.comingLookupthewordsyoudon’tknowandwritethemonyourbook.Assignment参考答案：No1【2023·新高考I卷】1．D2．A3．D4．A5．C6．B7．D8．A9．B10．B11．C12．D13．A14．C15．BNo2【2023·新高考II卷】

16．B17．D18．A19．C20．B21．D22．B23．A24．C25．B26．D27．A28．D29．C30．ANo3【2023·全国甲卷】

1．D2．A3．B4．C5．D6．A7．C8．B9．B10．A11．C12．A13．D14．B15．A16．D17．A18．C19．D20．BNo4【2023·全国乙卷】21．D22．B23．A24．C25．B26．B27．D28．D29．A30．C31．A32．B33．A34．C35．C36．D37．A38．D39．B40．ANo.5【2024·1月浙江卷】41-45

BDCAC

46-50

ADBAC

51-55

BDCAD2024.1浙江首考完形填空简析Part1试题、考点分析Part2解题策略Part3备考建议

Whiletakinga20-hourtrainridealongtheedgeoftheTaklimakanDesertinthenorthwesternChina,Ihadthekindofhumbling,educational,andaboveallelse,wonderful___41___withalocalthatalltravelerslongfor.AyoungChineseman___42___meonthetrain.My___43___friendspokevirtuallynoEnglish,soIhappilytookthe___44___topracticemyChinese.Overseveralhourshewouldtellmeabouthowhehad___45___atwo-yearprofessionalschooltoquicklyfindajob___46___highwaysinordertohelpsupporthisfamily.Perhapsmost___47___,however,wasthefactthatthismanspenthoursstudyingeverydayafterhardphysicallabor.Withoutbattinganeyehewould___48___atranslatedEmersonpassagebeforeaskingabouttheliteraryinfluenceofAmerican___49___asawhole.“AndwhatdoyoualllearnaboutRussianauthors?”I___50___himaskingatonepoint.Itwouldhavebeeneasyto___51___myassumptionsaboutthishighwaybuilderwhohadneverbeenmorethanafewhundredmilesfromhome.Butthishighlyinformed,___52___,andadmirablepersonpreventedmedoingso.Inthecourseofacoupleofhours,he___53___mejusthowmuchonecangainfrom___54___withanopenmind,andawillingnessto___55___withlocalsfromallwalksoflife.41.A.experiment B.encounter C.competition D.appointment42.A.treated B.saved C.lectured D.approached43.A.true B.so-called C.new D.long-lost44.A.chance B.advice C.trouble D.right45.A.visited B.financed C.attended D.founded46.A.building B.sweeping C.checking D.guarding47.A.typical B.obvious C.natural D.remarkable48.A.publish B.quote С.copy D.download49.A.writers B.historians C.workers D.students50.A.anticipate B.imagine C.recall D.catch51.A.lookinto B.relyon C.goover D.dealwith52.A.well-behaved B.multi-skilled C.warm-hearted D.self-educated53.A.asked B.warned C.showed D.promised54.A.traveling B.reading C.searching D.teaching55.A.cooperate B.side C.negotiate D.engagePart1试题、考点分析【试题分析】

本文是一篇描述一段不寻常火车之旅的记叙文，属于“人与社会”主题语境下的“跨文化沟通”主题群，也涉及“人与自我”主题语境下的“生活与学习”主题群

【What】故事讲述了作者在旅途过程中与中国本地的一名基建工人交流的际遇与收获。文章共包括三个自然段，第一段交代了故事背景和文章主题。第二段交代了两人交流的具体细节。第三段为评议部分，分享了作者在这次不寻常的火车之旅中得到的启示。【Why】读者可以从故事中体会“三人行，必有我师”的道理。故事中的主人公之一基建工人是中国普通劳动者的缩影，启示了青少年只要在日常生活中怀有谦卑之心，保持开放心态，那么在与各行各业的普通人交流中都能得到学习。同时，文章对中国基建工人塑造的艰难谋生仍不忘学习、追求诗与远方的正面形象也传达了对中华民族、文化的认同和尊崇，有利引导青少年铸牢文化自信底色。【How】文章241词，短小精悍，结构清晰，篇章模式符合拉波夫模式，第一人称的叙事视角有助读者代入角色，跟随主人公一起享受美妙的火车际遇。【考点分析】

本题主要考查学生在具体的语境中运用词汇知识的能力，考查学生是否能在掌握、理解文章主旨大意和段间、句内及句间联系的基础上，准确判断和选择符合特定上下文语义和用法的动词、名词、形容词、副词及词组等。

考点词性分布考点词性设题数试题编号动词（动词短语）642，45,46,48,50,51名词341,44,49形容词343,47,52副词0语言能力

认知能力试题编号句子语义逻辑理解、分析、应用46,49语段逻辑42,43,44,45,50语篇逻辑41,47,48,51,52,53,54,55考点类型分布Part2解题策略Tip1:重视首句传递的信息文章体裁人物身份全文主旨下文内容作者态度Whiletakinga20-hourtrainridealongtheedgeoftheTaklimakanDesertinthenorthwesternChina,Ihadthekindofhumbling,educational,andaboveallelse,wonderful___41___withalocalthatalltravelerslongfor.记叙文（5w1h）作者在旅途中与中国当地基建工人的进行了一次对话，从中颇为受教。对话详情？有何收获？positive:“humbling,educational,wonderful，...longfor从作者选词、措辞把握作者态度I(aforeigntraveler)、ayoungChineseworker

主题语境由主题和语境两个概念合成。主题一般是语篇背后的一种思想、情感或价值观念，是作者想要表达的东西，也可以理解为篇章的主旨或立意。（by王彦鹏）

语境则是指语言交际的环境，一般分为语言语境（篇章内部的环境或是上下文）、情景语境（篇章发生时周围的情况、事件性质、参与者的关系、时间、地点、方式等）、文化语境（说话者或者作者所在的语言社团的历史、文化和风俗人情）。（by胡壮麟）思考：篇章的主旨是什么？（作者想要通过文章表达什么？）在该语境中，作者会选用什么措辞来表达自己的情感和思想？Tip2:速读全文，基于主题语境解题

Whiletakinga20-hourtrainridealongtheedgeoftheTaklimakanDesertinthenorthwesternChina,Ihadthekindofhumbling,educational,andaboveallelse,wonderful___41___withalocalthatalltravelerslongfor.

……Perhapsmost___47___,however,wasthefactthatthismanspenthoursstudyingeverydayafterhardphysicallabor.

Itwouldhavebeeneasyto___51___myassumptionsaboutthishighwaybuilderwhohadneverbeenmorethanafewhundredmilesfromhome.Butthishighlyinformed,___52___,andadmirablepersonpreventedmedoingso.Inthecourseofacoupleofhours,he___53___mejusthowmuchonecangainfrom___54___withanopenmind,andawillingnessto___55___withlocalsfromallwalksoflife.【Why】读者可以从故事中体会“三人行，必有我师”的道理（51空：如果不是遇到这位工人师傅，我可能仍会依赖定势思维评判事物；55空：三人行有我师）。故事中的主人公之一基建工人是中国普通劳动者的缩影，启示了（53空：建筑工人展现的品质让我受启发）青少年只要在日常生活中怀有谦卑之心，保持开放心态，那么在与各行各业的普通人交流中都能得到学习。Tip2:速读全文，基于主题语境解题47，结合主题，应选表达作者积极态度的词54，结合情景语境，应用表达旅途的词Tip3:宏观分析篇章,把握故事情节、变化

Whiletakinga20-hourtrainridealongtheedgeoftheTaklimakanDesertinthenorthwesternChina,Ihadthekindofhumbling,educational,andaboveallelse,wonderful___41___withalocalthatalltravelerslongfor.AyoungChineseman___42___meonthetrain.My___43___friendspokevirtuallynoEnglish,soIhappilytookthe___44___topracticemyChinese.

Overseveralhourshewouldtellmeabouthowhehad___45___atwo-yearprofessionalschooltoquicklyfindajob___46___highwaysinordertohelpsupporthisfamily.Perhapsmost___47___,however,wasthefactthatthismanspenthoursstudyingeverydayafterhardphysicallabor.Withoutbattinganeyehewould___48___atranslatedEmersonpassagebeforeaskingabouttheliteraryinfluenceofAmerican___49___asawhole.“AndwhatdoyoualllearnaboutRussianauthors?”I___50___himaskingatonepoint.

Itwouldhavebeeneasyto___51___myassumptionsaboutthishighwaybuilderwhohadneverbeenmorethanafewhundredmilesfromhome.Butthishighlyinformed,___52___,andadmirablepersonpreventedmedoingso.Inthecourseofacoupleofhours,he___53___mejusthowmuchonecangainfrom___54___withanopenmind,andawillingnessto___55___withlocalsfromallwalksoflife.点题：我与一个所有旅行者都渴望的当地人有了一种谦卑、有教育意义的、美妙的相遇。指向：新朋友几乎不会说英语，于是我趁机练习中文，为下午与该中国工人进行对话铺垫进展：从对话中了解中国工人直面生活的惨淡仍热爱生活、追求学习的故事评议：作者对中国工人积极的看法与态度回应：回应主题，从别人的故事回到对自己的启发变化的是流逝的光阴，不变的是坚韧、好学的优秀品质Tip4:微观分析篇章模式，

关注衔接、连贯、语境完形填空篇章分析（微观结构）衔接语法衔接词汇衔接逻辑联系语连贯语境完形填空篇章分析（微观结构）完形填空篇章微观结构分析之衔接

Whiletakinga20-hourtrainridealongtheedgeoftheTaklimakanDesertinthenorthwesternChina,Ihadthekindofhumbling,educational,andaboveallelse,wonderful___41___withalocalthatalltravelerslongfor.AyoungChineseman___42___meonthetrain.My___43___friendspokevirtuallynoEnglish,soIhappilytookthe___44___topracticemyChinese.

Overseveralhourshewouldtellmeabouthowhehad___45___atwo-yearprofessionalschooltoquicklyfindajob___46___highwaysinordertohelpsupporthisfamily.Perhapsmost___47___,however,wasthefactthatthismanspenthoursstudyingeverydayafterhardphysicallabor.Withoutbattinganeyehewould___48___atranslatedEmersonpassagebeforeaskingabouttheliteraryinfluenceofAmerican___49___asawhole.“AndwhatdoyoualllearnaboutRussianauthors?”I___50___himaskingatonepoint.

Itwouldhavebeeneasyto___51___myassumptionsaboutthishighwaybuilderwhohadneverbeenmorethanafewhundredmilesfromhome.Butthishighlyinformed,___52___,andadmirablepersonpreventedmedoingso.Inthecourseofacoupleofhours,he___53___mejusthowmuchonecangainfrom___54___withanopenmind,andawillingnessto___55___withlocalsfromallwalksoflife.Tip4.1利用语法衔接（照应）助力解题“the44”指示照应对方不会说英语“My43”人称照应上文提到的一个年请的中国小伙走向“我”；mynewfriend照应了上文的“ayoungChineseman”完形填空篇章微观结构分析之词汇衔接完形填空篇章分析（微观结构分析之词汇衔接:复现关系）复现关系：某一词以原词、同义词、近义词、上下义词、概括词重复出现在语篇中,语篇中的句子通过这种复现关系达到相互衔接。原词复现eg.Thetwomanatthecounterreadthemenu.FromtheotherendofcounterBenwatchedthem.同义词、近义词复现eg.Hegotmany

presentsfromhisfriends.

Allthegiftswerewrappedincoloredpaper.上下义复现

上义词指的是那些表示意义较概括的词,它们的词义包括了下义词的词义。例如,animal是sheep,tiger,wolf,dog等的上义词,sheep,tiger等词则是animal的下义词。eg.Youwillneedtotakesometoolswithyou.Youcan

getahammer,asawandascrewdriverfrommost

bigdepartmentstores.完形填空篇章分析（微观结构分析之词汇衔接:复现关系）概括词复现

概括词指的是那些表示一般意义的词。例如,people,man,woman,thing,place,do,make等都是概括词。概括词与其所指的词构成的衔接是通过概括词复现关系。eg.CanyoutellmewheretostayinGeneva?I'veneverbeentotheplace.后一句中的概括词place和前面的Geneva构成相互衔接关系。完形填空篇章分析（微观结构分析之词汇衔接:复现关系）完形填空篇章分析（微观结构分析之词汇衔接:同现关系）同现关系：同现关系指的是词汇共同出现的倾向性(co-occurrencetendency)。在语篇中,围绕着一定的话题,一定的词就往往会同时出现,而其他一些词就不大可能会出现或根本不会出现，其中，词汇链值得引起关注。在语言实践中，人们发现有些在意义上相互联系的词语常常同时出现在同一语篇中，这些词语属于同一个词汇套，形成了词汇链(lexicalchain)，因而，当人们遇到其中一个(些)词语时，便会联想到词汇套中的另一些词。如，听(读)到“邮局”时，人们通常会联想到“寄信”、“汇款”、“打电报所以，当一个词汇套的词语出现在一个语篇·中时，这些词语就能衔接句子，起着连句成篇的左右。完形填空篇章分析（微观结构分析之词汇衔接:同现关系）Janeisagoodteather,butsheisabadwife.

(反义同现)Discriminationisundoubtedlypractisedagainstwomeninthefieldofscientificresearch.Wedon'tfindmencomplainingthattheyarenotbeinginterviewedforpositionsthattheyareclearlyqualifiedtofill.（互补同现:两句之间的衔接主要是依靠互补词men和women的对照。）Agreatnumberofhighschoolgraduatescontinue

theireducationinoneofthemanycollegesoruniverstiesinthecountry.Afterfouryears,theyreceiveabachelor'sdegree.Somecontinuestudyingforamaster'sdegreeandperhapsadoctor's

degree.（高中毕业后教育的词汇链）

Whiletakinga20-hourtrainridealongtheedgeoftheTaklimakanDesertinthenorthwesternChina,Ihadthekindofhumbling,educational,andaboveallelse,wonderful___41___withalocalthatalltravelerslongfor.AyoungChineseman___42___meonthetrain.My___43___friendspokevirtuallynoEnglish,soIhappilytookthe___44___topracticemyChinese.

Overseveralhourshewouldtellmeabouthowhehad___45___atwo-yearprofessionalschooltoquicklyfindajob___46___highwaysinordertohelpsupporthisfamily.Perhapsmost___47___,however,wasthefactthatthismanspenthoursstudyingeverydayafterhardphysicallabor.Withoutbattinganeyehewould___48___atranslatedEmersonpassagebeforeaskingabouttheliteraryinfluenceofAmerican___49___asawhole.“AndwhatdoyoualllearnaboutRussianauthors?”I___50___himaskingatonepoint.

Itwouldhavebeeneasyto___51___myassumptionsaboutthishighwaybuilderwhohadneverbeenmorethanafewhundredmilesfromhome.Butthishighlyinformed,___52___,andadmirablepersonpreventedmedoingso.Inthecourseofacoupleofhours,he___53___mejusthowmuchonecangainfrom___54___withanopenmind,andawillingnessto___55___withlocalsfromallwalksoflife.Tip4.2利用词汇衔接（复现、同现）助力解题“46”词汇复现48词汇同现，文章的关键词为“交谈”，此处应与词汇链“口头说”有关49词汇复现，下文的authors与其相关，年轻小伙与作者探讨了美国作家，又探讨了俄国作家“52”词汇复现，上文的studying为近义复现54词汇复现完形填空篇章微观结构分析之逻辑联系语

Whiletakinga20-hourtrainridealongtheedgeoftheTaklimakanDesertinthenorthwesternChina,Ihadthekindofhumbling,educational,andaboveallelse,wonderful___41___withalocalthatalltravelerslongfor.AyoungChineseman___42___meonthetrain.My___43___friendspokevirtuallynoEnglish,soIhappilytookthe___44___topracticemyChinese.

Overseveralhourshewouldtellmeabouthowhehad___45___atwo-yearprofessionalschooltoquicklyfindajob___46___highwaysinordertohelpsupporthisfamily.Perhapsmost___47___,however,wasthefactthatthismanspenthoursstudyingeverydayafterhardphysicallabor.Withoutbattinganeyehewould___48___atranslatedEmersonpassagebeforeaskingabouttheliteraryinfluenceofAmerican___49___asawhole.“AndwhatdoyoualllearnaboutRussianauthors?”I___50___himaskingatonepoint.

Itwouldhavebeeneasyto___51___myassumptionsaboutthishighwaybuilderwhohadneverbeenmorethanafewhundredmilesfromhome.Butthishighlyinformed,___52___,andadmirablepersonpreventedmedoingso.Inthecourseofacoupleofhours,he___53___mejusthowmuchonecangainfrom___54___withanopenmind,andawillingnessto___55___withlocalsfromallwalksoflife.Tip4.3利用逻辑关系语助力解题根据语境，利用句内逻辑关系解题：去技能学校学习以便掌握手艺养家糊口44除照应线索外，逻辑联系语so也是线索：因为对方不懂英语，所以我有机会用中文与其沟通“49”:利用逻辑关系语and体现的增补关系解题：讨论了美国作家，接着讨论俄国作家Part3备考建议

（完形填空）要求考生：

在正确理解语篇主旨大意的基础上，关注具体语境中不同词语、句子与整个篇章结构之间的联系，

考查考生对英语词法、句法以及语篇知识的掌握运用。（教育部教育考试院：2023年高考英语全国卷试题评析）建议：1.加强语篇意识和语篇知识的强化，有意识地进行篇章分析。2.把握语篇的主题与主线，利用主题意义、作者情感态度帮助解题。遇到难以排除的干扰项时，要学会从主题关联的角度来打开思路，破解难题。3.

多思考设空所在句子在段落中的作用以及与段落其他句子的语义逻辑关系。4.深入理解完形填空语篇如何通过词汇链等手段实现上下文语意连贯，读懂上下文的内在牵制。5.加强分析长难句的能力。有的同学在答题时觉得蒙，与文章句子的复杂程度大有关。如41空所在句子共38词，含从句、连词+分词的结构；45、46空所在句子共30词，含多个状语；47空所在句子共19词，含倒装句、插入语、同位语从句；51空所在句子共25词，含虚拟语气、定语从句。【思维建模/应试策略】一、关注首句，领会大意通过首句可以明确文章话题，了解篇章结构，预测全文内容。尾句往往是作者的点睛之笔，通过尾句一般可以更加真实、确切地体会到作者的写作意图、对待事件的真实态度等核心内容。例：Frommysecondgradeon，therewasoneeventIfearedeveryyear：thepianorecital(独奏会)和尾句的Withhisfirstrecital，myfathertaughtmemoreaboutcourageanddeterminationthanallthewordsheusedthose30­plus