Unit5OntheroadUsinglanguage课件高中英语

Unit5OntheroadLookatthesentencesfromtheinterviewandanswerthequestions.Insentence(a),whoreadtheblog?Over200,000peoplereadtheblog.Insentence(b),whatisrising?Whendoweputthe-ingformbeforethenounitmodifiesandwhendoweputitafter?Thesunisrising.Ifweuseonesingle-ingformtomodifyanoun,weusuallyputitbeforethenoun.Ifthe-ingformplusotherwordsisusedtomodifyanoun,itisusuallyputafterthenoun.Comparethemwiththefollowingsentencesandanswerthequestions.Whatisthedifferencebetweenthetwogroupsofsentences?Whydoestheauthorchoosetousesentences(a)and(b)inthereadingpassage?Thefirstgroupusesthe-ingformasattributivewhilethesecondgroupusesattributiveclauses.Becausethesentencesusingthe-ingformasattributivearemoreconciseandcolloquial.-ingasattributive—“动词+ing”作定语

（一）概述由于动名词和现在分词都可以作定语,在语法作用上有重合，所以本单元把它们合并在一起,统称为“动词+-ing形式”作定语。虽然都是“动词+-ing形式”作定语,但修饰语和被修饰语之间的关系是不一样的。动名词作定语时，它和被修饰语的关系是“目的或用途关系”;现在分词作定语时,被修饰语和它的关系是“主谓关系”。这两种不同的修饰关系,是区分动名词和现在分词的标志。“动词+ing”作定语Asleepingcarisacarforsleeping.

一节卧铺车厢(动名词作定语)Asleepingboyisaboywhoissleeping. 一个正在睡觉的男孩(现在分词作定语)Drinkingwateriswaterfordrinking

饮用水(动名词作定语)Boilingwateriswaterthatisboiling. 正在沸腾的水(现在分词作定语)“动词+ing”作定语（二）动名词作定语动名词作定语,说明它与被修饰语是“目的或用途关系”。可以用fordoing或usedfordoing来置换这个动名词,放在被修饰语之后作定语。如:aswimmingpool→apoolforswimming→apoolusedforswimming

游泳池awritingdesk→adeskforwriting一张写字台areadingroom→aroomforreading一间阅览室abathingcap→acapforbathing一个浴帽“动词+ing”作定语（三）现在分词作定语现在分词作定语,说明被修饰语与现在分词之间是“主谓关系”。一般可以扩展为一个定语从句，从句常用进行时态。单个的现在分词作前置定语,现在分词短语作后置定语。1.单个现在分词作前置定语fallingleaves→leavesthatarefalling正在落下的叶子therisingsun→thesunthatisrising

冉冉升起的太阳adevelopingcountry→acountrythatisdeveloping一个发展中国家“动词+ing”作定语2.现在分词短语作后置定语Thegirlplayingfootballontheplaygroundismysister.=Thegirlwhoisplayingfootballontheplaygroundismysister.在操场上踢足球的那个女孩是我妹妹。有时,现在分词不一定表示正在进行的动作。如果现在分词表示习惯意义,如人的国籍、职业、事物的客观存在等,转换为定语从句时则用一般时态。Theyarevisitorscomingfromseveralcountries.=Theyarevisitorswhocomefromseveralcountries.他们是来自几个国家的游客。“动词+ing”作定语2.现在分词短语作后置定语Thegirlplayingfootballontheplaygroundismysister.=Thegirlwhoisplayingfootballontheplaygroundismysister.在操场上踢足球的那个女孩是我妹妹。有时,现在分词不一定表示正在进行的动作。如果现在分词表示习惯意义,如人的国籍、职业、事物的客观存在等,转换为定语从句时则用一般时态。Theyarevisitorscomingfromseveralcountries.=Theyarevisitorswhocomefromseveralcountries.他们是来自几个国家的游客。“动词+ing”作定语3.表示令人情绪变化的现在分词作定语一些表示令人情绪变化的现在分词已经转化成形容词,也叫分词形容词,常用来作定语(还可以作表语)，多用来修饰事物,意为“令人……的”。(这类词常用的有amazing,amusing,annoying,astonishing,boring,confusing,convincing,disappointing,discouraging,disturbing,embarrassing,encouraging,exciting,fascinating等。)Thatmusthavebeenaterrifyingexperience.那肯定是一次可怕的经历。Theexperimentwasanamazingsuccess.那项实验取得了惊人的成功。“动词+ing”作定语4.现在分词的被动式作定语现在分词作定语时,如果被修饰词与其是被动关系,则要用被动式beingdone，表示正在被做。Thetallbuildingbeingbuiltnowisourschoollibrary正在被建的那座高楼是我们学校的图书馆。Thequestionbeingdiscussedwaspresentedbytheheadmaster正在被讨论的问题是校长提出的。“动词+ing”作定语5.在下列情况下,不能用现在分词作定语,应使用定语从句(1)如果作定语的动词所表示的动作已经发生或者与句子谓语动词表示的动作不在同一个时间范围，应使用定语从句，不能用现在分词作定语。Theprofessorvisitingourschoolyesterdaywillgiveusalecture.(误)Theprofessorwhovisitedourschoolyesterdaywillgiveusalecture.(正)昨天参观我们学校的那位教授将给我们做一次讲座。(2)现在分词的完成式一般不作定语,只用来作状语,表示动作早于谓语动词发生。ThegirlhavingturnedinherpaperisCheryl.(误)ThegirlwhohasturnedinherpaperisCheryl.(正)已经交上试卷的那个女孩是谢里尔。非谓语动词作定语的区别1.

现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别(1)语态不同：现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义。Thewomanstandingbesidehimishissecretary.站在他旁边的那个女人是他的秘书。(thewoman与stand之间是主动关系)Sheshowedmethebookrecommendedbytheprofessor.她把教授推荐的书给我看了看。(thebook与recommend之间是被动关系)(2)时间不同:现在分词表示正在进行的动作，而过去分词表示过去已经完成的动作。thechangingworld

正在发生变化的世界thechangedworld

已经变化了的世界非谓语动词作定语的区别2.动名词和不定式作定语的区别(1)不定式作定语往往表示未发生的动作或经常发生的动作，放在被修饰词的后面。Bettyisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.贝蒂总是第一个来,最后一个走。(习惯性动作)Mynextaimtoachieveistoearnalotofmoneyandbuymyparentsabighouse.我要实现的下一个目标就是赚好多钱给我父母买一栋大房子。(将要发生的动作)(2)动名词作定语往往表示用途或作用,放在被修饰词的前面。awalkingstick=astickwhichisusedforwalkingareadingroom=aroomwhichisusedforreading非谓语动词作定语的区别3.过去分词、现在分词被动式和动词不定式被动式作定语的区别done,beingdone和tobedone,这三种非谓语形式都表示被动，都可以作定语,但它们是有明显区别的。done表示“已经被做”,beingdone表示“正在被做”,tobedone表示“将要被做”。Themeetingheldyesterdayisofgreatimportance.昨天召开的会议很重要。Themeetingbeingheldnowisofgreatimportance.现在正在召开的会议很重要。Themeetingtobeheldtomorrowisofgreatimportance.明天将要召开的会议很重要。Rewritetheadvertisementusingthe-ingformtomakeitmorecompactandcoherent.workingjumpingsingingdolphinscatchingsettingReadtheemails.UnderlinethetasksAndrewandMatthavetodobeforegoingonatrip.CompletethechartwiththetasksinActivity4.makeabudget

bookaccommodationapplyforavisa

checkinonlinepackluggageNowthinkofotherthingsyoumayhavetodobeforeatripandaddthemtothechart.Workingroups.Chooseadestinationandprepareyourtriptogether.UsethechartinActivity5tohelpyou.Vocabulary1.aboardWelcomeaboard! 欢迎乘坐!Allaboard! 请大家上船(飞机、火车、公共汽车)!goaboard 上船(飞机、火车等)beaboard 在船(火车、飞机)上aboardabus 在公共汽车上,上公共汽车练习：Theplaneistakingoff.Please__________.goaboardVocabulary2.creditgivesb.credit 给某人赞许receiveacredit 获得学分acreditcard 信用卡oncredit 赊购;赊欠beacredittosb./sth.

为某人/某事物增光dosb.credit=docredittosb.

使某人值得赞扬toone'scredit

某人值得赞扬/钦佩;给某人带来荣誉get/receivecreditfor

因为……而获得赞扬练习：Much_______hiscredithehasgrowntobearesponsibleperson.toVocabulary3.flightduringtheflight 在飞行中bookafight 预订航班boardafight 登机fightsafety 飞行安全aninternationalfight 国际航班asmooth/comfortableflight 平稳的/舒适的航班catch/missafight 赶上/错过航班Haveagoodfight! (飞行)旅途愉快!练习：Thereturn_________(fly)oftheaircraftwasdelayed.flightVocabulary4.advanceadvanced adj.高级的;先进的inadvanceof 在……前面;超过……makeadvancesin 在……方面取得进步advanceon/upon/towards 朝……前进beadvancedbyfourdays 提前四天advanceaprogramme 提出一个方案练习：Thecourseissuitableforbothbeginnersand___________(advance)students.advancedVocabulary5.engageengaged adj.忙碌的;被占用的engagement n.约会;约定;订婚engageindoingsth. 参与做某事beengagedin 参加，参与engagesb.’sinterest/attention 吸引某人的兴趣/注意力engagesb.inconversation 开始与某人攀谈engagewithsb./sth. 与某人/某事物建立密切关系练习：Theyare________(engage)intalkswiththeothercompany.engaged

Listentotheconversationandfindoutwhereittakesplace.abcListenagainandcompletethemapandtheinformationforthetourist.1HistoryMuseum

•behind1____________

•opensat2___________2Paul’sRestaurant

•nextto3____________

•serves4____________3boatrace

•between5___________

and6__________universities

•starts7_____________thetownhallhalfpastnineinthemorningthepostofficedeliciousfishandchipsOxfordCambridgetomorrowafternoonActivity9Workinpairs.Actoutaskingforandgivinginformation.studentAYou’revisitinganewtownandwanttofindplacestodothefollowingthings:Activity9Workinpairs.Actoutaskingforandgivinginformation.studentAYou’revisitinganewtownandwanttofindplacestodothefollowingthings:•buyasouvenirforafriend•findinformationonthehistoryofthetown•tastethefamouslocalfoodAskStudentBforinformation.Takenoteswhileyoulistenandtrytofindtheplacescorrectly,markingyourrouteonthemap.Don’thesitatetoaskStudentBforfurtherinformationaboutthetown.studentBStudentAisvisitingyourtownandhasalistofthingstodo.Givedirectionsandbepreparedtoprovidefurtherinformationaboutyourtown.Activity9TheimportanceofmapswhentravellingAreyouusedtopapermapsoronlinemaps?Whatonlinemapapplicationsdoyouknow?Whichdoyouthinkismoreconvenient?Whatelsedoyouknowabouttravellingessentials?TalkwithyourpartnerExercise1.Itwasdifficultand_________(stress),butwegotthereintheend.2.Theaudienceiswa