2025年新高考英语总复习筑基培优方案必修一 Unit 4 Natural Disasters 单元培优综合测试卷（原卷版）

必修一Unit4NaturalDisasters单元培优综合测试卷

第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)

第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

（2024·重庆·三模）ONECEREMONY,SEVERALFIRSTS

TheOpeningCeremonyofthe2024OlympicGameswillbebold,originalandunique.On26July2024,

Paris2024willofferanOpeningCeremonythatiscertaintojointhemostmemorablemomentsinOlympichistory.

Aceremonyoutsideastadium

ForthefirsttimeinthehistoryoftheOlympicSummerGames,theOpeningCeremonywillnottakeplacein

astadium.Paris2024isbreakingnewgroundbybringingsportsandtheOpeningCeremonyintothecity,settobe

heldintheheartofthecityalongitsmainriver:theSeine(塞纳河).

Aceremonyontheriver

Takingonanewlook,theparadeofathleteswillbeheldontheSeinewithboatsforeachnationaldelegation

(代表团).Theseboatswillbeequippedwithcamerastoallowtelevisionandonlineviewerstoseetheathletesup

close.Windingtheirwayfromeasttowest,the10,500athleteswillcrossthroughthecentreofParis.

Aceremonywithfreeadmissionformanyspectators

Holdingaceremonyopentoalargeaudience,withnoadmissionfeeformostofitsspectators,isamajor

first.Fanswon’tneedticketstoaccesstheupperquays(码头),butthosewishingtoaccessthelowerquayswill

needtobuytickets.Eightygiantscreensandstrategicallyplacedspeakerswillalloweveryonetoenjoythemagical

atmosphereofthisshowthroughoutParis.

Aceremonydesignedforandbyathletes

Byopeningwiththeparadeofathletes,Paris2024isbreakingwithtradition.Athleteswillbefeaturedon

stageduringtheintroductiontoandthroughouttheceremonyaspartofParis2024’sconstantaimtoholdGames

createdforandbyathletes.

1．WherewilltheOpeningCeremonyofParis2024beheld?

A．OnthequaysbesidetheSeine.

B．InthecitycenteralongtheSeine.

C．InastadiumneartheheartofParis.

D．OntheeasternandwesternendsofParis.

2．Whatdoweknowabouttheadmissionfee?

A．Noadmissionfeeisrequired.

B．Accesstothelowerquaysisfree.

C．Ticketsshouldbeboughtfortheupperquays.

D．Someviewerspayforwatchingtheceremony.

3．Whatisthemainideaofthistext?

A．ThehistoryoftheOlympics.B．TheprocedureofParis2024.

C．Thenovelpointsofaceremony.D．Thechargingrulesofaceremony.

B

（23-24高三上·黑龙江·期中）LivingontheFloridaEmeraldCoast,peopleviewahurricane(飓风)‘asa

commonthing.Soitisnotunusualforafamilytohaveseveralfullgascansandbottledwaterstoredintheirhouses

allsummer.

Thoughunwillingtoevacuate(撤离)fromahurricane,onSeptember15,myfamilywasforcedtoleaveour

homeformygrandfather’shouseseveralmilesaway.Wespenttheearlypartofthateveningwatchingthe

hurricanedrawcloserontheWeatherChannel.Aroundnineo’clock,aloudsoundshookthehouse,turnedoverthe

roofandcarrieditoff.Sooncameanindoorrainstorm.

Realizingthedamage,mygrandfatherbegantobeafraid.Thestormhadstarted,buthestillranoutintothe

heavyrainandwindtoseehowmuchoftheroofwasleft.Wegothimbackinside.Ihadneverseenhimsoscared.

Momfinallyaskedhimtoliedowninhisroom.

Theleak(渗漏)hadprogressedrapidly.Itsoonbecamearaceagainsttimetoprotectwhattobesaved.Some

peoplemaythinkitnecessarytosavematerialthings,butIhopedtosavethoseitemswithemotionalvalue,suchas

thephotos.Istillfearedthestorm,butImorefearedtheinfluenceitbrought.

Thenextmorning,itstartedtoclearup.Thankfully,myfamilycamesafelythroughthestorm,thoughthe

samecouldnotbesaidforthehouse.Onlythewoodenbeams(梁)remained,butinsidemanyofthethingswere

safe.MymomandIhadworkedtirelesslythroughthenight.

Itwaslate,butwewerestillunwillingtogotobed.Wediscussedtherebuildingofthehouse.Underthe

beautifulsky,wesuggestedlookingaftermygrandfathermoreofteninthefuture.Afterthisdisaster,Irealizedthe

truththatthehurricaneitselfwasnotsoterribleifwelovedeachother.

4．Whatcanweinferfromthefirstparagraph?

A．Manyresidentslivingnearthecoasttendtoleavetheplace.

B．Manyresidentsareunwillingtoprepareforhurricanes.

C．HurricanesoftenstriketheFloridaEmeraldCoast.

D．HurricanesseldomhittheFloridaEmeraldCoast.

5．Whydidtheauthor’sgrandfathergooutintotherainandwind?

A．Toprotectsomethingoutside.B．Toseetheconditionoftheroof.

C．Toavoidthedangerinthehouse.D．Toknowhowserioustherainwas.

6．Whatisthemainideaofthefourthparagraph?

A．Whytheauthorfearedthestorm.B．Howthestorminfluencedthehouse.

C．Howpeoplehelpedeachotherinthestorm.D．Whattheauthorwasreadytosavefromthestorm.

7．Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph5mean?

A．Thehousecontainedmanyvaluablethings.B．Thehousewasdestroyedinthedisaster.

C．Thehousecouldbeeasytorepair.D．Thehousesurvivedthehurricane.

C

（2024·湖南长沙·三模）Rogues(疯狗浪),called“extremestormwaves”byscientists,arelarge,

unexpected,anddangerouswavesthatareatleasttwiceashighastheotherwavesaroundthem,accordingtothe

NationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration(NOAA).Theseabnormalwaves,whichhappeneverydayand

allovertheworld,arehighlyunpredictableandcandestroyshipsthatmeetwiththem.

Roguewavesappeartoformwhenlargeroughwavespassthroughoneanother,combiningtoformhuge

wallsofwater,accordingtoNOAA．However,whyandwheretheyappearisunclear.Butusing700years’worthof

oceandataincludinghistoricalrecordsanddatafrombuoys(浮标)in158locationsaroundtheworld,researchers

havenowcreatedasystemforpredictingthese“hugebeasts”.

“Theyarecausedbyacombinationofmanyfactorsthat,untilnow,havenotbeencombinedintoasingle

riskassessment,”saidleadauthorDionHäfner.Häfnerandhisco-workersmappedthefactorsthatmayleadto

roguewavesandusedAItomakeasinglemodelthatcoulddeterminethelikelihoodthataroguewavewillform.

Theteamtrainedaneuralnetworkusinghistoricalwavedata.Thisgeneratedasystemthatlearnedthe

causesofroguewavesbyitselfandcouldworktopredictthem.ButtheAI’smethodswerehidinablackbox.This

meansscientistscouldn’tknowhowtheAIdiditsworkings.SoHäfner’steamappliedanotherformofmachine

learning,whichproducedanequation(综合体)whenfeddata,ratherthanjustasingleprediction,helpingthe

researcherstounderstandhowtheAIreacheditspredictions.

“Ouranalysisdemonstratesthatabnormalwavesoccurallthetime.Infact,weregistered100,000wavesin

ourdatasetthatcanbedefinedasroguewaves,”Häfnersaid.Thissystemeffectivelyshowsthesignofarogue

wave,Häfneradded,andcanbetterprotectshipsfrombeingdestroyedasthesailaroundtheworld.Shipcompanies

canusethedevicewiththesystemtopredictwhenandwhereroguewavesmightarisetoseekanalternative

course.

8．Howdoestheauthorintroducethetopic?

A．Byusinganexample.B．Bygivingadefinition.

C．Bydrawingacomparison.D．Bymakinganassumption.

9．Whatcanthesystemdoaccordingtoparagraph2?

A．Monitorhugeseacreatures.B．Guideshipsaroundinthesea.

C．Preventrougewavesfromoccurring.D．Forecastthehittingofroguewaves.

10．WhatisthedisadvantageoftheAI’smethods?

A．Theyaren’tvisuallyavailable.B．Theydependontoomanyfactors.

C．Theymakeinaccuratepredictions.D．Theydon’tprocessdatasystematically.

11．HowdoesHäfnerfindthesystem?

A．Itrequiresmorefieldtests.B．Ithasbeenwidelyused.

C．Itneedsfurtherimprovement.D．Ithasapromisingfuture.

D

（2024·广西南宁·二模）InJapan,thenewyearbeganwithdisasterasa7.5magnitudeearthquakestruckthe

NotoPeninsula(能登半岛)onthecountry’swesternedgeonMonday.Morethan2,000activefaultlines(断层线)

liebeneathJapan,makingitoneofthemostearthquake-pronecountriesintheworld.

Manyscientistshavelongconsideredearthquakeforecastingtobeimpossible.Butgivenrecentimprovements

inartificialintelligence,someresearchershavebeenstudyingwhetherthatcouldchange.

Lastfall,researchersattheUniversityofTexasatAustinincreasedsuchhopesforearthquakepredictionwith

aseven-monthtrialinChina.Inall,thealgorithm(演算法)successfullyforecast14earthquakes,eachwithinabout

200milesofitsactualepicenter(震中).Meanwhile,itmissedonequakeandpredictedeightthatneverhappened.

ThetrialwaspartofaninternationalA．I.-designcompetition,oneofafewsucheventsheldinrecentyearsto

advanceearthquakepredictiontechnologies.

SergeyFomel,ageoscientistatUTAustinandamemberoftheresearchteam,saysinastatement.“We’renot

yetclosetomakingpredictionsforanywhereintheworld,butwhatweachievedtellsusthatwhatwethoughtwas

animpossibleproblemissolvableinprinciple.”

Additionally,machinelearningcouldhelpdetecthiddenpatternsindataorcollectmoredatatobetterinform

earthquakeforecasting,HutchisonwritesforMITTechnologyReview.Forexample,someresearchersareshowing

howA．I.mightuserecordingsfromaspecificseismicsitetoanticipateanearthquake’smagnitude.Oneteamhas

builtandtrainedneuralnetworkstopredictwhereaftershocksmayoccurafteraninitialstrike.Andothersareusing

machinelearningtoidentifyandextractseismicwaves—thevibrationsthatspreadthroughtheearthduringtectonic

activity(构造活动)—fromothernoisesintheground.

12．What’sthefunctionofthefirstparagraph?

A．Toexplainaconcept.B．Tointroduceanewtopic.

C．Tosupplyasummary.D．Toprovideanexample.

13．Whatmadesomeresearchersoptimisticabouttheearthquakeforecasting?

A．Therecentprogressintheories.B．Theuseoftraditionalmethods.

C．Theincreasingnumberofearthquakes.D．Theadvancementsinartificialintelligence.

14．Whatdoweknowfromthethirdparagraph?

A．ThetrialwasconductedbyChinese.B．Thealgorithmwastotallysuccessful.

C．A．I.showspromiseinearthquakeprediction.D．TheA．I.competitiononlyfocusedonearthquakes.

15．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A．Japan’sVulnerabilitytoEarthquakesB．HelperinPredictingEarthquakes—A．I.

C．TheImpossibilityofEarthquakePredictionD．InternationalEffortstoPredictEarthquakes

第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)

阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

（2024·重庆·模拟预测）Thissummer,climatechangecontinuestopushEarth’sweathertoextremes.

16Weinvitesomeexpertstodiscussthesciencebehindexercisingintheheat,howtokeepyourbodysafe,

andwhattodoifyoususpectyouorsomeoneyou’rewithhasheatexhaustion.

17Ifyouhadaheavymeallikeacheeseburger,you’llwanttowaittwotothreehoursbeforeyour

hotoutdoorexercise,sincethatfatandprotein-richmealwilltakeevenlongertomovethroughthedigestive

process.Shouldyoueatafterthathotrun?No.Youcanhydraterightaway,butwaituntilyou’vecooledofftoeat.

That’sbecausedigestingfoodwilldelaygettingyourbodybacktoitsusualtemperature.

Protectyourskin—it’sthebody’scoolingsystem.Yourskinandrelatedtissuesareincrediblydesignedto

movewarmbloodawayfromyourcoretokeepyourvitalorganscool.Anydamagetoyourskinortheunderlying

tissuepreventsyourbodyfrombeingabletoairconditionitself.Toprotectyourskin,startwithsunscreen.

18.

Wearmaterialsthatwillhelpyourbodybreathe.19Wearsweat-wickingathleticclothingthat

allowsyourskintocool.Avoidmaterialslikecottonthatbasicallykeeptheheatclosetoyourbody.

Hydratebefore,duringandafterexercise.Dehydrationcanreallyhappentoyou.20Besides,keep

drinkingwhileyou’reworkingout.

A．Don’teatrightbeforeyouheadout.

B．Trymoreheat-friendlyformsofexercise.

C．Thetypeofsuitableclothingyouwearcanalsohelpyoustaycool.

D．Buthighoutsidetemperaturesinadryclimatecanalsobedangerous.

E．IsadaytimerunorbikerideinhotsummerweatherOKforourbodies?

F．Andconsiderwearingsun-protectiveclothingthatblocksthesun,andincludeahat.

G．Makesureyouaredrinkingwateratleastanhourbeforeyouheadouttoexercise.

第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)

第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

（2024·广东肇庆·二模）ElmerWhitakersighedashelookedoverhismuddycrops.Aterrible21

hadsweptthroughhisfarmthenightbefore,andhiscropswerenowcoveredin22anddestroyed.His

neighbor,akindyoungmannamedThomas,23toofferhishelp.

"Whatadisaster,“Whitakersaid.”Mywholefamilyhasalwayssurvivedontheharvestsofthisfield.Ifeel

24anddon'tknowwhattodonow.

Thomascalmedhimdownandthoughtforamoment.“Iseethisnotasadisasterbutasan25,”

hesaid.Whitakerlookedathim26.“Howcanitbe?”heasked.Thomassmiled27,“Nowyou

haveachancetotrysomethingnew.You’vealwaysgrownbeansandcabbages.Whynottryplanting28

cropsthatwillalsofitinthissoil?Youcandiversifyandtherefore29yourfarmonceagain.”

ElmerWhitakerconsideredthis.Thomaswasright-hehadbecomesetinhisways.Thisdisastercouldpush

himtomakehisfarm30andsustainableinanewway.“Youhave31me,”Whitakersaid.He

clappedThomasontheback.“Thankyouforshowingmetheopportunityinthisdifficulty.”

AndsoWhitaker32newcropsandsoon,thefarmwasfulloflifeagain.Farmersfrom

neighboringtownswere33withthewonderofWhitaker’sfields,andtheybeganto34their

cropsaswell.ElmerWhitaker’sfarmhasbecomea35ofadaptabilityandhope,tellingeveryonethatin

everystorm,thereisachancefornewgrowth.

21．A．forceB．smokeC．warD．storm

22．A．mudB．grassC．mistD．dust

23．A．wentonB．setoffC．camebyD．burstin

24．A．specialB．desperateC．sensitiveD．tireless

25．A．opportunityB．agreementC．intentionD．element

26．A．asusualB．indisbeliefC．onpurposeD．withpride

27．A．innocentlyB．gratefullyC．politelyD．cheerfully

28．A．majorB．traditionalC．differentD．natural

29．A．restoreB．exchangeC．donateD．abandon

30．A．formalB．diverseC．realisticD．obvious

31．A．informedB．demandedC．enlightenedD．promised

32．A．tastedB．plantedC．sharedD．received

33．A．carefulB．troubledC．familiarD．impressed

34．A．diversifyB．removeC．deliverD．observe

35．A．mannerB．dreamC．symbolD．cause

第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)

（2024·辽宁·二模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

ThemainstructureoftheDatengxiawaterresourcesmanagementfacilityinSouthwestChinahasbeen

completedfourmonthsahead36schedule,theMinistryofWaterResourcessaidonSaturday.

Theproject,37islocatedintheXijiangRiver,haseightpowergeneration38(unit),each

withaninstalledcapacityof200,000kilowatts(千瓦).Itcan39(annual)generatemorethan6billion

kilowatthoursofelectricity.

Incooperationwithotherreservoirs(水库),theprojectcanhelpWuzhou,acitywith40populationof

over2.8millioninGuangxi,dealwithonce-in-a-hundred-yearfloods.Previously,thecitywasonlyabletohold

floodsthatoccuronceevery50years.TheprojectalsoenablessomecitiesinthePearlRiverDelta41

(resist)floodsthathappenonceeverytwocenturies.

TheministrysaidtheDatengxiafacilitywillalsoprovidestrongsupportforruraldevelopment,offering

irrigation(灌溉)waterto80,000hectaresoffarmlandand42(address)drinkingwatershortageforalmost

1.4millionpeopleinGuangxi.

Theprojecthasalreadyplayed43(significance)rolesinthepastthreeyearswhenitwasputintotrial

operation.Forexample,inJunelastyear,ithelpedprevent44storeabout700millioncubicmetersof

floodwaterwhentheXijiangRiver45(hit)byaflood.Inthepeak,itreducedwaterflowby3,500cubic

meterspersecond.

第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)

第一节(满分15分)

（2024·江西萍乡·二模）你校最近开展了一次消防演练活动，请你为校英文报写一份主题为“FocusonFire

Safety,CherishLife”的新闻报道，内容包括：

1.活动目的；

2.活动过程和感受。

注意：1.写作同数应为80个左右。

2.参考词汇：灭火器fireextinguishers;消防栓firehydrants

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第二节(满分25分)

（2024·江西南昌·三模）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

SamanthaandJakehadalwaysbeenclosetonature.Growingupinasmallcottagesituateddeepwithina

thrivingforest,theyfoundcomfortandwonderinthebeautyofthenaturalworld.Theirdailyadventuresincluded

exploringthewoods,listeningtothebirdsong,andgazingatthestarrynightsky.However,astheyearspassed,

theycouldn’thelpbutnoticethegradualchangesintheirbelovedforest.

BythetimeSamanthaturnedsixteenandJakewasthirteen,theybegantowitnesstheeffectsofdeforestation

ontheirwonderland.Thesoundofchainsaws(电锯)andthesightoffallentreesbecameincreasinglycommon.The

siblingswerefeelingextremelyshockedandsadbythelossoftheforesttheyhadcherishedsincechildhood.

Oneday,afteraparticularlydishearteningwalkthroughthedecreasingwoods,Samanthacameacrossabook

aboutenvironmentalheroes.Theseindividualshaddevotedtheirlivestopreservingthenaturalworld,andtheir

storiesofresilience(恢复力)a