2025届人教版(2019)高考英语一轮话题复习高考题型通关练：话题7　品行及公民义务（学生版）

主题群二做人与做事

话题7优秀品行及公民义务

Ⅰ.阅读理解

(2024·浙江省Z20名校联盟第三次联考)

InspiredbyhismentorLouisSullivan，aninfluentialfigureintheworldofmodernist

architecture，FrankLloydWrightcoinedtheterm“organicarchitecture”around1908.

Ratherthanimitatingnatureororganicelementswithinthenaturalworld，organic

architectureismoreconcernedwithre－interpretationofnatureandharmonybetween

theorganicandthebuiltenvironment.Itensuresthattheindividualelementswithin

buildingsareputtogethertoreflecttheorderwithinnature.Hereare4ofthemost

strikingexamples.

CasaMilà

Location：Barcelona，Spain

Yearofcompletion：1910

Architect：AntoniGaudi

ConsideredthegreatestexponentofCatalanModernism，AntoniGaudiwasdevotedto

natureandtheCatholicreligion.Whileheoriginallyintendedthisorganicbuildingto

haveareligiouspurpose，itisnowanapartmentbuilding.Truetotheorganicstyle，it

featurestheshapeofhoneycombthatseeminglyemergesfromtheearth.

LearningHubatNanyangTechnologicalUniversity(NTU)

Location：Singapore

Yearofcompletion：2015

Architect：ThomasHeatherwick

Earningthenicknames“dimsumbasketbuilding”and“theHive”，theLearningHub

consistsof12eight－storeytowersarrangedaroundapublicatrium.Theorganicnature

ofthebuildingextendstoitsinteriorwithfeatureslikegardensthatareintendedto

encouragesocialinteractionsandstudyamongstudents.

FallingWater

Location：MillRun，Pennsylvania

Yearofcompletion：1939

Architect：FrankLloydWright

Aclassicofmodernismandorganicarchitecture，FallingWatersitsontopofa

waterfall.FrankLloydWrightdesigneditfortheKaufmannfamilywho—thoughthey

hadoriginallyhopedforaviewofthewaterfall—cametolovethehome.

EastBeachCafé

Location：Littlehampton，UK

Yearofcompletion：2007

Architect：ThomasHeatherwick

Locatedinaseasideareawithanindustrialhistory，EastBeachCaféresembles(像)a

pieceofdriftwood.Fortymeterslong，sevenmeterswideandfivemetershigh，it

initiallypolarisedlocals，buthassincebeenwell－receivedbythewholecommunity.It

wasthefirstbuildingforThomasHeatherwickwhopreviouslywasbetterknownasa

sculptor.

1.Whichbuildinghasthelongesthistory?

A.CasaMilà.

B.LearningHubatNTU.

C.FallingWater.

D.EastBeachCafé.

2.WhatcanwelearnaboutEastBeachCafé？

A.Itremainsfloatingonthesea.

B.Itservestoencouragesocialinteractions.

C.Itwasnotacceptedbyallthelocalsinitially.

D.Itwasoriginallyintendedforaparticularfamily.

3.Whichofthefollowingmagazinesisthetextprobablytakenfrom?

A.NaturalWorld.

B.ArchitecturalDigest.

C.OrganicGardening.

D.ExtraordinaryFigures.

(2024·湖南常德市一中模拟预测)

“Isawitfirst，”Amysaid，assherippedtheoldleatherwalletoutofCharlie’s

hands.Withoutsayingaword，asiftheybothunderstoodthatthiswasasecretthey

didn’twanttosharewithanyone，theyslippedintothealley，wherenoonecouldsee

themlookinside.

“There’sgottobeamilliondollarshere！”Charlieblurtedout，whentheysawthe

pileofhundred－dollarbills.Amy，themorerealisticofthetwo，didaquickestimate，

thumbingthroughthewadofcash.“Morelikethousands，”shesaid，hervoice

shakingindisbelief.

They’dfoundthewalletinaflowerbedbythesidewalk，whenCharliedroppedhiscell

phonewhilehewastryingtotalkandeatasliceofpepperonipizzaatthesame

time.AmystuffedthewalletintoherbackpackandpulledCharliealongbyhiselbow

towardherhouse.AstheyrushedtowardViceroyAvenue，theytalkedexcitedlyabout

whattheycoulddowiththemoney—buygiftsforparentsandfriends，getnewclothes，

traveltotherainforestinCostaRica，andadoptawhale.Itlookedlikealloftheir

dreamswouldcometrue.Forthelastblock，however，theydidn’ttalk.Eachbeganto

suspectthattheotheronewassilentlyaddingtothelistofthingstheycouldbuy.

TheyfinallyreachedAmy’shouse，butinsteadofgoinginside，theywalkedaroundthe

housetothebackporch.Theyopenedthewalletandcountedthemoneyintopilesof

ten.Thetotalwas$2，400—moremoneythaneitherofthemhadeverseen.Thenthey

bothstartedtalkingatonce，“Iwonderwholostit.”Theirmoodsshifted，sinkingfrom

thehighofbeingrichforfifteenminutestoresigningthemselvestowhattheymustdo

next.Forinthewallet’sclearplasticcompartment，therewasadriver’slicense.They

knewwhattheyhadtodo.Althoughtheywouldlosetheirnewly－foundtreasure，ina

way，theyfeltrelieved.

4.WheredidAmyandCharliefindthewallet?

A.Inanalley.

B.Inabackpack.

C.Amongsomeflowers.

D.Onthesidewalk.

5.InParagraph2，whywasAmy’svoiceshaking?

A.Shewasafraidthattheywouldbeseenbyothers.

B.Shewasdisappointedtherewasn’tamilliondollars.

C.ShewasfearfulthatCharliewouldtellsomeoneelse.

D.Shefeltnervousbecauseshe’dneverseensomuchmoney.

6.OntheirwaytoAmy’shouse，thechildren’smoodschangedfrom________.

A.excitedtosuspicious

B.happytoangry

C.relievedtoworried

D.nervoustodisappointed

7.Whatdidthechildrendecidetodoattheendofthestory?

A.Tokeepthemoneyasecretfromothers.

B.Toreturnthewallettoitsrightfulowner.

C.Toputthewalletbackwheretheyfoundit.

D.Tobuymanydifferentthingswiththemoney.

(2024·广东汕头金山中学三模)

Scrubbingyourhandswithsoapandwaterwashesawaygerms(细菌).Butthehot－air

handdryersfoundinmanypublicrestroomsseemtospraymicrobes(微生物)right

backontocleanskin.That’swhat16－year－oldZitaNguyenfoundbytestingpeople’s

freshlywashedanddriedhands.

SheshowcasedherfindingsthisweekattheRegeneronInternationalScienceand

EngineeringFair(ISEF).HeldinDallas，Texas，thiscompetitionisaprogramofthe

SocietyforScience.

Toiletsinpublicrestroomsseldomhavelids.Soflushingthemspraysthegermsfrom

bodywasteintotheair.Thatsameairisdrawnintothoseelectrichanddryers.These

machinesprovideanicewarmhomeinwhichmicrobescangrow，Zitasays.Cleaning

theinsideofthesemachinescanbedifficult，sheadds.

Theteenhadfourpeoplewashanddrytheirhandsinrestroomsatamallandagas

station.Theparticipantsscrubbedwithsoapandwater.Aftereachwashing，theydried

theirhandsusingoneofthreedifferentmethods.Insometrials，theysimplyusedpaper

towels.Intheothers，theyusedanelectrichanddryer.Sometimes，theyheldtheirhands

closetothemachine，about13centimetersbelowit.Othertimes，theyheldtheirhands

about30centimetersbelowthedryer.Eachhand－dryingconditionwasperformed20

times.

Rightafterthisdrying，Zitaswabbed(用拭子擦)theirhandsforgerms.Thenshe

rubbedtheswabsontopetridishesfilledwithnutrientsthatwouldfuelamicrobe’s

growth.Shehousedthesedishesinanincubator(细菌培养器)forthreedays.

Fewerthan50coloniesofmicrobes，onaverage，turnedupineachdishexposedto

swabsfromhandsdriedwithpapertowelsorfromhandsheldfartherfromtheelectric

dryers.Incontrast，morethan130colonies，onaverage，grewinpetridishesfromhands

heldclosetothehot－airdryers.

Atfirst，Zitawasamazedbyallthemicrobesinthesedishes.Quickly，however，she

realizedtheyrepresentedwhatcoveredpeople’shandsafterusingahot－air

dryer.“Thisisdisgusting，”shenowsays.“I’mnevergoingtousethesemachines

again！”

8.Whatisthemainfunctionofthefirstparagraph?

A.Toprovidebackgroundinformation.

B.TosummarizeZita’sfindings.

C.Tocallforaction.

D.Toexplainarule.

9.WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTplayaroleinthephenomenonZitadiscovered?

A.Publictoiletsoftenlacklids.

B.Handdryersarewarm.

C.Peopleoftenforgettowashtheirhands.

D.Theinsideofhanddryersishardtoclean.

10.WhatdidZitadoaspartoftheexperiment?

A.Sheanalysedexistingdata.

B.Shetestedhundredsofpeople.

C.Shevisitedmanylocations.

D.Shecompareddifferentmethods.

11.WhatisZita’sattitudetoelectricdryersnow?

A.Negative.B.Uncertain.

C.Supportive.D.Interested.

Ⅱ.七选五

(2024·河北统考)

HowtoManageConflict

·Useneutral(中立的)language.

Neutrallanguagekeepsthediscussionobjectiveandnonjudgmental.Inflammatory(煽

动性的)languageonlymakestheconflictworse.__1__Rephrasenegativestatements

intoneutralcommentsandasksincerequestionstogetyourcoworker’ssideofthe

storyanduseacalm，eventoneofvoice.

·Reflectonthesituation.

Showallpartiesthatyouhearandunderstandtheirconcerns.Often，conflictcomes

fromonepartyfeelingasthoughthey’renotbeingheardorunderstood.Taketime

throughoutyourconversationtorestatewhattheotherpersonsays.__2__

·Worktogethertocompromise(妥协)andfindasolution.

__3__Resolvetheconflictbyworkingtogetherandbrainstormingsolutionstothe

conflictthataddresseseveryone’sconcerns.Writedownyourideasandseeifthere’s

onesolutionthatbothofyoufindfairandreasonable.Agoodresolutionusually

involvescompromise—meetinghalfwaysothatyoubothleavesatisfied.

·Makearesolutionplan.

Aplandefineseachparty’sresponsibilitiesandpreventsmoreconflict.Afterfindinga

solutioneveryonecanagreeon，sitdowntogetherandfigureoutwhatyou’llalldoto

resolvetheconflict.__4__Wha