2025届人教版(2019)高考英语一轮话题复习高考题型通关练：话题32　自然环境保护(教师版)

话题32自然环境保护

Ⅰ.阅读理解

ItisnowChinathatholdsthecrownofhigh－speedtraincapitalofthe

world.Herearesomeofourpicksforthegreatesthigh－speedrailjourneys.

TheShangri－LaTrain

Currentlythelongesthigh－speedrailrouteintheworldandtakinglessthan11

hourstotravelmorethan2，700kmonthequickestservice，theBeijingtoKunming

trainisatrulyepichigh－speedtrainjourney.Thetrainisnamedinhonorofoneof

Yunnan’smostfamouscities，mythicalShangri－La.

ThePandaTrain

Takingbetween12and13hourstotravel1，690km，thistrainzipsalongfroman

ancientChinesecapitaltothepandacapitaloftheworld.Inroute，thetrainpasses

throughYichang.It’sherethatyoucanstopoffforaglimpseofthemassiveThree

GorgesDam.

TheSilkRoadTrain

Thefirsthigh－speedtraintoextendoutintoChina’svastwesternregions

connectsthe1，776kilometersbetweenUrumqi，capitalofXinjiang，andLanzhou，

capitalofGansu，inalittleunder12hours.ThetrainfollowstheancientSilkRoadvia

thetownofTurpan，geographicallythelowestplaceinChinaat154mbelowsealevel.

TheIslandTrain

Whenitopenedin2015，thiswastheworld’sfirstcircularhigh－speedrail－way

line，whirling650kmaroundsouthChina’stropicalHainanisland，inaboutfivehours，

providingpassengerswithwonderfulviewsoftheSouthChinaSeaandthebest

beaches.

【语篇解读】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了中国的四条知名的高铁旅行路线。

1.WhatdoweknowaboutTheShangri－LaTrain?

A.It’snamedafteracityofYunnan.

B.Ithastheroughestrouteofthefour.

C.Itrunsataspeedof245km/halltheway.

D.Ittravelsalongthelongestrailwayintheworldnow.

答案A[细节理解题。根据TheShangri－LaTrain部分中的“Thetrainisnamed

inhonorofoneofYunnan’smostfamouscities，mythicalShangri－La.”可知，The

Shangri－LaTrain是以云南最著名的城市之一香格里拉命名的。由此可知，The

Shangri－LaTrain是以云南的一个城市命名的。]

2.Allthetrainslistedbelowruninlandexcept.

A.TheShangri－LaTrainB.ThePandaTrain

C.TheSilkRoadTrainD.TheIslandTrain

答案D[细节理解题。根据TheIslandTrain部分可知，TheIslandTrain是环海

南岛的一条高铁线路，由此可知，TheIslandTrain不是内陆列车。]

3.Whomaybeinterestedinthetextmost?

A.Anagent.B.Atraveller.

C.Adriver.D.Adesigner.

答案B[读者对象题。根据第一段可知，本文主要介绍了中国的四条知名的高

铁旅行路线，由此可推断，文章与旅行相关，旅行者可能对此篇文章最感兴趣。]

AtopmotorshowopenedonTuesdaywithexhibitorsdisplayingtheirlatest

innovationsinelectriccarsinMunich，whereAngelaMerkelsaidtheindustryshould

bepartofthesolutiontoclimatechange.

Attheopeningceremonyofthe2021InternationalMotorShowGermany，Merkel

talkedabouthowtheGermanautoindustrywasunwillingtogointothedevelopment

ofelectriccarsseveralyearsago，andonlyregardedthemasconceptcars.Shethen

talkedaboutthehugeprogresstowardelectriccarsinthelastfewyears.“Iampleased

thatitisnowunmistakablethatthetrendistowardelectriccars，”saidMerkel.She

cautionedagainstfocusingonlyonbattery－poweredcars，sayingcarmakersshould

alsoexploreotheravailableenergysuchashydrogen.“Themotorindustryisnotjust

partoftheclimateproblem，butaboveeverythingelse，acentralpartofthesolution.”

AccordingtotheDigitalAutoReport2021，climatechangehasmadeabig

differencetomobilityworldwide.Itfoundthemajorityofpeoplearewillingtochange

theirpersonalmobilitybehaviourinordertoreducecarbondioxideemissions(排放物)，

with70percentofrespondentsinGermany，97percentinChinaand52percentinthe

UnitedStatesinfavourofreducingtheircarbonfootprint.Switchingtoanelectric

vehicleisthepreferredmeasureforachievingthisgoalinChinaandintheUS，while

Germanswouldliketodomorewalkingorcycling.However，inlightofthe

widespreadvirus，manypeopledon’ttravelbybusorsubwayasusual.Thisprovides

greatopportunitiesforthedevelopmentofthemotorindustry.

Thoughindustrialleadersareadvertisingtheirideaforelectriccarsandtheir

sustainability，environmentalistsarenothappywiththat.Localpolicehadexpected

therewouldbe60，000peopleonSaturdaytoprotestagainsttheshow.Ontheopening

day，activistswereseenholdingbanners(横幅)andhangingthemfrombridgesabove

motorways，withwords“Stopdrivingclimatechange”.

【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章围绕德国国际车展展开，以此来分析汽车行

业的发展趋势、发展原因以及环保人士对此的看法。

4.WhatdoesMerkelexpecttheGermanmotorindustrytodo?

A.Explorealternativeenergysources.

B.Beawareofthefunctionofconceptcars.

C.Concentrateonbattery－poweredcars.

D.Becautiousaboutdevelopingelectriccars.

答案A[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Shecautionedagainstfocusingonly

on...exploreotheravailableenergysuchashydrogen”可知，默克尔希望汽车行业不

要只关注由电池驱动的汽车，也应该探索其他像氢气这样的可替代能源。]

5.Whatdoes“This”underlinedinParagraph3referto?

A.TheChineseturningtoelectriccars.

B.ThebigmobilitychangeinAmerica.

C.TheGermans’preferenceforcycling.

D.Thelowdemandforpublictransport.

答案D[代词指代题。根据第三段中的“However，inlightofthewidespread

virus，manypeopledon’ttravelbybusorsubwayasusual”可知，由于病毒，许多

人都不像往常那样乘坐公共汽车或者地铁出行了，也就是说人们对公共交通的需

求少了，这为汽车行业的发展提供了机遇。]

6.Whatistheenvironmentalists’attitudetowardthedevelopmentofelectriccars?

A.Doubtful.B.Cautious.

C.Unfavourable.D.Positive.

答案C[观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“environmentalistsarenothappywith

that”和“activistswereseenholdingbanners(横幅)...‘Stopdrivingclimatechange’”

可知，环保主义者对电动汽车行业的发展持不赞成的态度。]

7.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.ClimateChangeLeadstoDownwardMobility

B.GermanMotorShowFocusesonCleanFuture

C.ClimateChangeRestructurestheMotorIndustry

D.GermanMotorShowDisplaystheNewestModels

答案B[标题归纳题。文章首段介绍了在德国国际车展上，参展商展示了他们

在电动汽车方面的最新发明。第二段引用默克尔在车展上的讲话，揭示了电动汽

车的发展趋势，紧接着第三段作者分析了电动汽车发展的原因，最后一段介绍了

环保人士对此的看法。]

Comparedwiththeobviousenvironmentalissueswehearabouteveryday，

litteringoftentakesabackseat—butit’smorepressingthanwemaythink.

Somemaysaythatabananapeeloutofyourcaralongthemotorwaywouldbea

harmlessaction.Actually，theyarewrong.Abananapeelcantakeuptotwoyearsto

decompose(分解)，andwithathirdofmotoristsadmittingtolitteringwhiledriving，

that’sawholelotofdiscardedbananapeels，ormuchworse.Anorangepeelanda

cigarettebutthasasimilarbiodegrading(生物降解)termtothatofabanana，buttin

andaluminiumcanslastupto100years，andplasticbottleslastforever，sodoglass

bottlesandplasticbags.

Despitethefactthatlonger－lastingmaterialswillservetodamagethe

environmentanditsanimalsforlonger，wecan’tonlymeasuretheseverityofacertain

typeofrubbishbyitslifetime.Forexample，despitehavingafairlyshortbiodegrading

span，morethan120tonsofcigarette－relatedlitteristhrownawayintheUKevery

day.Similarly，ourregularlitteringhereandtherehascausedtheUK’smouse

populationtoincreaseby60million.Thissuddenlyisn’tsomysteriouswhenyou

considerthatsincethe1960sourannuallitteringhasincreasedbyanamazing500per

cent.

It’snotacheaphabiteither：UKtaxpayersspent￡500milliononkeepingthe

streetsclean.So，it’snotsurprisingthatifcaughtfly－tipping，youcouldfacea￡20，

000fine.Regardlessofhowseverethepunishmentmightseem，however，amongthe

reportedcasesonly2，000werepunishedoutof825，000，sowestillhavesomeway

togoinmakingsurepeopleobservetherules.

Totakebackourbeautifulcities，weneedtodomorethansimplynotleaving

rubbishwhereitoughtnottobe.Weneedtocaremoreabouttheworldaroundus.

【语篇解读】本文是议论文。文章主要讨论了与日常谈论的环保问题相比，乱

扔垃圾往往被置于次要地位——但它比我们想象的更紧迫。

8.Whichofthefollowingiseasiesttodecomposecomparatively?

A.Anorangepeel.B.Aplasticbag.

C.Analuminiumcan.D.Aglassbottle.

答案A[细节理解题。根据第二段中“Anorangepeelandacigarettebutthas...so

doglassbottlesandplasticbags.”可知，橘子皮相比较其他三种东西更容易分解。]

9.WhatcanweknowfromPara.3?

A.AnnuallitteringhasincreasedalittleinUKsincethe1960s.

B.Shorter－lastingmaterialswillbelessharmfultotheenvironment.

C.Cigarette－relatedlitterisasevereenvironmentalprobleminUK.

D.RegularlitteringhascausedtheUK’smousepopulationtoreach60million.

答案C[推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Despitethefactthatlonger－lasting

materialswillserve...isthrownawayintheUKeveryday.”可知，在英国，与香烟有

关的垃圾是一个严重的环境问题。A、B、D项均与原文不符。]

10.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeUK’spunishmentonlitteringaccordingto

Para.4?

A.Everylittlehelps.B.Adropinthebucket.

C.Nopains，nogains.D.Morehaste，lessspeed.

答案B[推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Regardlessofhowseverethepunishment

mightseem...inmakingsurepeopleobservetherules.”可知，关于在垃圾上的处罚是

远远不够的。结合选项意思可知，B项符合题意。A项意为“积少成多”；B项

意为“杯水车薪”；D项意为“欲速则不达”。]

11.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.Rubbishcollection—anurgenttask

B.Environmentissue—abigconcern

C.Littering—asurprisinglybigissue

D.Long－lastingmaterial—ahiddendanger

答案C[标题归纳题。根据文章第一段以及最后一段可知，文章主要讲的是乱

扔垃圾是一个惊人的大问题。]

Ⅱ.七选五

(2024·威海二模)

Afuturewhereinsectsmakeupalargepartoftheworld’sdietisonthe

horizon.Despitetheunpleasantnatureofsuchcuisine,insectshavebeenconsidereda

delicacyinsomepartsofworldforcenturies.Theirbeinglow－fatandhigh－protein

makesthemaperfectchoiceforreducinghunger.1

Animalproteinfromlivestock(家畜),suchascows,chickensandpigs,takesup

80percentoftheentireworld’sfarmland,despiteonlymakinguplessthanone－fifth

ofcaloriesconsumedglobally.2Thusitwouldsupportavarietyofbiodiversityas

natureintended.

Insectssuchasgrasshoppers,mealwormsandcricketsarepackedfullofprotein

withmuchhighervitaminlevelsthanporkorbeef.3Greenhousegasemissions

throughthisprocessarealsoverylittle,withinsectwastemakingexcellentfertilizer

(肥料)foragriculturalsoil.

Itseemsthatinsectsareanidealsolutiontomanyissuestheworldtodayisfaced

with.4UrbanareasofAsia,EuropeandNorthAmericaaremostlikelyto

associateinsectswithdirtinsteadofasatastymeal.

Timesarechanging.TheEuropeanUnionlastyeardeclaredthatmealwormswere

safeforhumanconsumption.Cricketproteinpowderisalsoincreasinggreatlyin

popularity,withCanadarapidlybecomingthelargestmarketfortheproduct.

5Asweexploreoursolarsystem,efficientmeansofproducinganimal

based－proteinswillbecomevital.Nonearemoreefficientspace－wisethan

insects.Andthecoloniesofthefuturecouldwellfindthemselvesenjoyingfried

cricketswithapintofbeerwhilewatchingtheMartiansunset.

A.Theyalsohaveahostofenvironmentalbenefits.

B.Insectsreproducequicklyandhavehighgrowthrates.

C.Unlikeagriculture,insectsproducefarfewergreenhousegases.

D.Theyrequirelittlespace,waterandtechnologytoraisecomparedtolivestock.

E.Howev