2025届人教版(2019)高考英语一轮话题复习高考题型通关练：话题34　自然灾害与防范(教师版)

主题群二自然与灾害

话题34自然灾害与防范

Ⅰ.阅读理解

ScienceandTechnologyCamp

·Full－daycampforstudentsaged12－14

·Four－weekprogramJuly5－30|Monday—Friday,9amto4pm

Week1|July5－9

Week2|July12－16

Week3|July19－23

Week4|July26－30

·RegistrationbeginsJune1，2024—registerforminimumtwoweeks.

·Fees:$75registrationfee.$795perweek.Fullpaymentmustbemadeatthetime

ofregistration.

·ThedeadlineforthecancellationtoreceiveafullrefundisJune15,2024.

CampStructure

Campdaysarecomprisedofeightsessionswithtwosessionsperdaywhilethe

finaldayoftheweekisreservedforoverviewsandreflection.Themorningsessions

beginat9amandendat12noon,followedbyonehourforlunch.(Campersshould

bringtheirlunches.)Afternoonsessionsarescheduledfrom1pmto4pmwith15－

minutebreaksmidwaythrougheachsession.Snacksareprovidedatbreaktime.(Food

allergiesshouldbereportedatthetimeofregistration.)

CampContent

ScienceandTechnologycampaboveallemphasizesentertainmentwhileteaching

studentsabouthowwebsitesaredesignedusingvariouscodinglanguages,rocket

design,practicalapplicationsofmathandphysics,andhowtobuildyourown

hydraulicsystem.

CampPersonnel

Thecampisheadedbythehusband－and－wifeteamofDoctorsJamesand

SophieClarkwhoareexpertsinthefieldsofcomputerscienceandmechanical

engineering.Ourmissionistomakesureeveryonefeelsfullysupportedandexcitedto

behere.

【语篇解读】本文是应用文，是一则科技夏令营广告。

1.WhatisthelowestcostofattendingtheScienceandTechnologycamp?

A.$75.B.$795.

C.$1，590.D.$1，665.

答案D[数字计算题。根据文中的“RegistrationbeginsJune1，2024—registerfor

minimumtwoweeks.Fees：$75registrationfee.$795perweek”可知，参加夏令营最

少要两周，所以最低的费用为75＋795×2＝1665(美元)。]

2.WhatisthemainemphasisofScienceandTechnologycamp?

A.Rocketscience.B.Funinlearning.

C.Codinglanguages.D.Hands－onexperiences.

答案B[细节理解题。根据“CampContent”部分中的“ScienceandTechnology

campaboveallemphasizesentertainment...andhowtobuildyourownhydraulic

system”可知，该夏令营强调寓教于乐。]

3.Whoarethecampleaders?

A.Mechanicalengineers.B.Medicaldoctors.

C.Amarriedcouple.D.Computertechnicians.

答案C[细节理解题。根据“CampPersonnel”部分中的“Thecampisheadedby

thehusband－and－wifeteamofDoctorsJamesandSophieClark”可知，这个夏令

营是由一对夫妇负责的，故C项正确。head在此作动词，意为“领导，主管”。]

(2024·四川成都七中模拟预测)

Therearepeopleforwhomthemotivationliesintheirfamilyorcompanions’

duties.Forsomepeople，thepurposeliesinasoul’sspiritualawakening.BrentClayton，

afirefighterbyprofession，isonesuchindividualwhofoundhispurposeearlyinlife

andkeptworkingtofulfillit.

BornonMarch3，1984，Claytonhugelyfelttheneedtoserveothers.Hefollowedhis

missioninlifeandacquiredhisdiplomainPublicSafety.Hegraduallyrealizedthe

importanceofsecuringpeople’slives，whichstrengthenedhisfaithinhis

mission.Claytonfurtherpursuedhisbachelor’sdegreefromTheUniversityof

Melbourneandmaster’sdegreefromFederationUniversity.Then，Claytonworkedin

themilitaryforaperiodbeforemovingintoarolewiththeprisonserviceasaprison

guard，theyoungestpersontoeverbeemployedbytheserviceatthetime.

Afterspendingadecadeinthefireserviceincludingtrainingandrecruitment(招募)，

hegainedenoughexperiencetobecomeAustralia’smostprominentfireservice

recruitmentexpert.Claytondevotedmanyyearsofhislifetothefirefighterrecruitment

processandfireserviceindustry.Hewantedpeopletorealizethetruevalueofthis

professionbyestablishingitssignificance.Tocommunicatehisperspective，Clayton

establishedFireRecruitmentAustraliain2009.Heaimedtotrainthenextgeneration

andpreparethemforthefuture.Claytonusedhisexperienceandyears－longtraining

topreparecandidateswhowereasenthusiasticaboutthewell－beingoftheworldas

him.

Keepingthepointinmind，ClaytonwrotethebookFireServiceRecruitment—the

ProcesstoSuccess.Hisideawastojoinhislearningintoanaccessiblemediumso

othersdidn’thavetowasteyearswonderingwhattodowhenapplyingtobecomea

firefighter.Afterthesuccessofthebook，Claytonintroducedcandidatestoa

comprehensivetestpreparationandlearningsuitetofacilitate(促进)success

throughouteachstageoftheselectionprocess.Thisplatformhelpedhimaswellashis

candidatestoworktogetherforthebettermentofthemselvesandultimatelysocietyat

large.

【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了职业消防员布伦特·克莱顿认识到

人们安全的重要性，花了多年时间投入消防员招募过程和消防服务行业，他的目

标是培养下一代，为未来做好准备。

4.WhatmadeClayton’sbeliefstronger?

A.Themilitaryexperience.

B.Thesupportofhisfamily.

C.Thesignificanceofpeople’ssafety.

D.Theknowledgehelearnedfromcollege.

答案C[细节理解题。根据第二段中“Hegraduallyrealizedtheimportanceof

securingpeople’slives，whichstrengthenedhisfaithinhismission.”可知，是人们安

全的重要性让克莱顿的信念更加坚定。]

5.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“prominent”inparagraph3?

A.Stubborn.B.Fearless.

C.Outstanding.D.Energetic.

答案C[词义猜测题。根据画线单词上文“Afterspendingadecadeinthefire

serviceincludingtrainingandrecruitment(招募)，”以及后文“Claytondevotedmany

yearsofhislifetothefirefighterrecruitmentprocessandfireserviceindustry.”可推知，

克莱顿在消防员招聘过程和消防服务行业投入了多年时间，所以经过10年的消防

培训和招聘工作，他积累了足够的经验，成为澳大利亚最杰出的消防招聘专家。

故可猜测画线单词prominent为“杰出的”意思，与outstanding“杰出的”意思

一致。]

6.WhydidClaytonsetupFireRecruitmentAustralia?

A.Becausehecouldearnagoodreputation.

B.Becausehewantedtojoinhislearningintoanaccessiblemedium.

C.Becausehewantedtorealizehisdreamofbeingafirefighterleader.

D.Becausehehopedtogetyoungpeoplereadyfortheirfuturecareer.

答案D[细节理解题。根据第三段中“Tocommunicatehisperspective...and

preparethemforthefuture.”可知，克莱顿成立澳大利亚消防招聘公司是因为他希望

年轻人为未来的职业生涯做好准备。]

7.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.AManwithGreatPurposeB.ABookforCareerSuccess

C.AnOrganizationforWell－beingD.AStandardforFirefighters

答案A[标题归纳题。根据第一段“Therearepeopleforwhomthemotivationlies

intheirfamily...whofoundhispurposeearlyinlifeandkeptworkingtofulfillit.”并结

合文章主要讲述了职业消防员布伦特·克莱顿认识到人们安全的重要性，花了多年

时间投入消防员招募过程和消防服务行业，他的目标是培养下一代，为未来做好

准备，故可知A选项“一个有伟大目标的人”最符合文章标题。]

(2024·山东青岛统考三模)

By2050，68%oftheglobalpopulationwillliveincities.That’s2.5billionmore

peoplethantoday.InEurope，threeoutoffourofusalreadyliveinurbanareas，andthe

consequencesofthatarebecomingclear.Researchersestimatethatninemillionpeople

dieeveryyearasadirectresultofairpollution.Asourcitiesgrowandmorepeople

moveintoalreadycrowdedspaces，whatdoweneedtodototransformoururbanareas

intohealthyplacestolive?Anincreasingbodyofresearchtellsusthatweshouldbe

lettingnaturebackin.

Greenspacesincitiesmitigatetheeffectsofpollutionandcanreducea

phenomenonknownastheurbanheatislandeffect，whichreferstoheattrappedin

built－upareas.Theeffectappearsintownsandcitieswheretheheatgeneratedby

people，transportandindustryistrappedinthenarrowroadsandconcretestructures，

unabletoescapetotheatmosphere.Thiscanbringthetemperatureinurbanareasup3

－4℃higherthanthesurroundingcountryside，andwiththatcomesasevere

cycle.Increasedtemperaturesinsummerleadtoanincreaseddemandforcooling.This

expandsourenergyconsumption，whichinturnbuildupfossilfuelconsumption，

increasingpollutantsintheairandharmfulsmogonourstreets.

Planningcitiestoincludegreenspaceswhereverpossibleisthefirststepin

makingoururbanareashealthier.Forexample，addingalayerofvegetationtorooftops

andcreatinggreenroofshasproventoreducetheurbanheatislandeffect.Treesinour

streetsalsoplaytheirpart，andavarietyoftreespeciescanhaveaprofound

effect.Simplyhavingaccesstogreenspacesincitiescandowondersforourstress

levelsandconcentrationatwork.“Peopleneedtointeractwithnaturewheneverthe

opportunityarises.Somethingassimpleasafive－to－ten－minutebreakduringthe

workdaycanimprovewell－beingandboostproductivity，”Cecil，anexpertstudying

natureincitiessays.

【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章介绍了随着城市人口的急剧增加，城市的空

气污染问题日益严重，因此有必要在城市中让自然回归，以改善城市的健康水平。

同时，让自然回归可以提升居住者的幸福感和工作效率。

8.HowdoestheauthorbringinthetopicinParagraph1?

A.Bypresentingfacts.B.Bylistingexamples.

C.Bycomparingnumbers.D.Byquestioninganestimate.

答案A[写作手法题。根据第一段中“By2050，68%oftheglobalpopulationwill

liveincities.That’s2.5billionmorepeoplethantoday...asadirectresultofair

pollution.”可知，作者先呈现了城市人口大幅增长，直接死于空气污染的人数量

巨大的事实，然后引入了文章的话题。由此可知，作者通过展现事实的方式引入

话题。]

9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mitigate”meaninParagraph2?

A.Overcome.B.Change.

C.Ease.D.Shift.

答案C[词义猜测题。根据第一段中“...totransformoururbanareasintohealthy

placestolive？...weshouldbelettingnaturebackin.”和第二段第一句“Green

spacesincitiesmitigatetheeffectsofpollutionandcanreduceaphenomenon...inbuilt

－upareas.”可知，在城市中让自然回归有助于改善城市的健康，因此城市中的

绿地应该可以缓解污染和城市热岛效应。由此可知，mitigate意为“缓解，减轻”，

与ease意思一致。]

10.Whatmightbeaconsequenceoftheurbanheatislandeffect?

A.Lowertemperature.B.Energyregeneration.

C.Fuelshortage.D.Airpollution.

答案D[细节理解题。根据第二段中“Thisexpandsourenergy

consumption...increasingpollutantsintheairandharmfulsmogonourstreets.”可知，

城市热岛效应会形成恶性循环，加重城市的空气污染。]

11.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.HowtoLetNatureBackIn

B.WhyWeNeedGreenSpacesinCities

C.HeatEffect：AnUnavoidableUrbanTrouble

D.GreenRoofs：TinyUrbanForests

答案B[标题归纳题。通读全文特别是第一段的“Asourcitiesgrowandmore

peoplemoveintoalreadycrowdedspaces...weshouldbelettingnaturebackin.”可知，

文章介绍了随着城市人口的急剧增加，城市的空气污染问题日益严重，因此有必

要在城市中让自然回归，以改善城市的健康水平。同时，让自然回归可以提升居

住者的幸福感和工作效率。因此，文章主要介绍的是在城市中引入自然的好处，

B项“我们为什么需要城市绿地”符合文章大意，适合作为标题。]

Ⅱ.七选五

(2024·河北1月质检)

Weusuallydivideayearintofourseasons.However，inTraditionalChinese

Medicine(TCM)theory，therearefiveseasons—spring，summer，latesummer，fall，

andwinter.Eachofthefivehasmanyfeatureswhichguideustochangeourhabitsto

keepthebalancebetweenourbodyandtheexternalenvironment.

WinterinTCM

TheancientChinesebelievedthatwinteristheYinseasoninnature.1So，

winteristhetimeofyeartoreflectonhealth，savestrengthandregainenergy，

preparingourselvesforthestartofnewlifeinthespring.

Activitiesinwinter

InTCMtheory，winterisaseasontofeedourselvesbothspirituallyandphysically.

2Forexample，wecandomorewriting，readingandothersoul－nourishing(滋养

灵魂的)activities.Althoughenergeticexerciseshouldbeavoided，it’simportantto

keepourbodyhealthywithgentleexercise，especiallyoutdooractivities，inwhichwe

cangetfreshairandsunlight.Inaddition，weshouldalsogotobedearliertosavemore

energy.3

Foodsforwinter

Theprincipleofharmonybetweenwhatweeatandtheseasonisbasedon

hundredsofyearsofexperienceinTCM.Itsuggeststhatweembracelocally－grown

andseasonablefoods，whichisthewaynatureintendsustoeat.4Mostofthem

naturallygrowinthisseason—pumpkins，potatoes，rootvegetables，wintergreens，

carrots，cabbage，mushrooms，andpears.Besides，hotsoup，wholegrainsandroasted

nutsalsooffernourishmenttofeedthebodyincoldwintermonths.Butalways

remember，moderationinallthingsisimportant.

Moodsinwinter

AccordingtoTCMtheory，stress，depressionandunresolvedange